Aerobic glycolysisLDHAStep of glycolysisProduct of glycolysisEnzymesFermentationSignalling pathwayMetabolismLacticOxidativeMoleculeHigh rate of glycolysisOXPHOSLarge amounts of lactateGlyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dTricarboxylic acidCausing lactate levelsConvertsWarburgHexokinaseOxygenEnzyme is foundGluconeogenesisTumor cellsGlycogenRegulatesReduce pyruvateConcentrationRegeneratesProteinMoleculesInhibitionMitochondrial pyruvate carrierLDHCActivityCatalyzes the conversionAlanineProductionTissuesIntermediatesEthanolMetabolic pathwayEnergyGeneratesRegeneration
Aerobic glycolysis12
- The pattern and intensity of the antibodies and of the COX and LDH activity showed the high capacity of photoreceptors for aerobic glycolysis and OXPHOS. (molvis.org)
- The combined results indicate that glycolysis is regulated by the compartmental expression of hexokinase 2, pyruvate kinase M1, and pyruvate kinase M2 in photoreceptors, whereas the inner retinal neurons exhibit a lower capacity for glycolysis and aerobic glycolysis. (molvis.org)
- Based on the antibody intensities and the COX and LDH activity, Müller glial cells (MGCs) had the lowest capacity for glycolysis, aerobic glycolysis, and OXPHOS. (molvis.org)
- By deleting enzymes that affect aerobic glycolysis with different potencies, we examine how modulating glucose metabolism specifically affects hematopoietic and leukemic cell populations. (broadinstitute.org)
- Aerobic glycolysis of MDSCs was assessed by extracellular acidification rate (ECAR), glucose consumption and lactate production. (biomedcentral.com)
- C. tropicalis -enhanced immunosuppressive function of MDSCs is further dependent on aerobic glycolysis. (biomedcentral.com)
- On the one hand, NO produced by MDSCs enhanced aerobic glycolysis in a positive feedback manner. (biomedcentral.com)
- Nuclear PKM2 interacts with HIF-1α and subsequently upregulates the expression of HIF-1α target genes encoding glycolytic enzymes, GLUT1, HK2, PKM2, LDHA and PDK1, which are required for the C. tropicalis -induced aerobic glycolysis of MDSCs. (biomedcentral.com)
- A hallmark of most cancer cells is an altered metabolism involving a shift to aerobic glycolysis with lactate production coupled with a higher uptake of glucose as the main source of energy. (rndsystems.com)
- To achieve the above target, cancer cells preferentially use aerobic glycolysis, otherwise known as the Warburg effect, over oxidative phosphorylation. (kdwis.com)
- Although less energetically efficient than oxidation that occurs in most mature tissues, aerobic glycolysis shuttles intermediates into biosynthetic pathways to make amino acids, nucleotides, fatty acids and other macromolecules to support rapid anabolic growth ( Pavlova and Thompson, 2016 ). (elifesciences.org)
- Malignant tumors often display an aberrant energy metabolism that relies primarily on glycolysis to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) the so-called Warburg effect or aerobic glycolysis. (oncotarget.com)
LDHA12
- This phenomenon is driven by the activity of lactate dehydrogenase-A (LDHA), the enzyme responsible for the interconversion of pyruvate and lactate in the terminal step of glycolysis. (suny.edu)
- Taken together, inhibition of LDHA by the tumor suppressor FLCN provides a mechanistic explanation for the endogenous regulation of glycolysis. (suny.edu)
- Mutations in the LDHA gene cause lactate dehydrogenase-A deficiency, and mutations in the LDHB gene cause lactate dehydrogenase-B deficiency. (medlineplus.gov)
- Mutations in the LDHA gene result in the production of an abnormal lactate dehydrogenase-A subunit that cannot attach (bind) to other subunits to form the lactate dehydrogenase enzyme. (medlineplus.gov)
- Furthermore, lactate generation appears to be critical for the activation of HFSCs as deletion of lactate dehydrogenase (Ldha) prevented their activation. (nature.com)
- Homo sapiens lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), transcript variant 1, mRNA. (origene.com)
- Using the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS, we determined that macrophages within the perivascular cuff of postcapillary venules are highly glycolytic, as manifested by strong expression of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), which converts pyruvate to lactate. (jci.org)
- The functional relevance of glycolysis was confirmed by siRNA-mediated knockdown of LDHA and MCT-4, which decreased lactate secretion and macrophage transmigration. (jci.org)
- We find that a deficiency in the M2 pyruvate kinase isoform (PKM2) reduces the levels of metabolic intermediates important for biosynthesis and impairs progenitor function without perturbing hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), whereas lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) deletion significantly inhibits the function of both HSCs and progenitors during hematopoiesis. (broadinstitute.org)
- LDHA is a key enzyme that controls the production of lactate in the glycolysis pathway. (rndsystems.com)
- The expression of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), which regulates lactate production, was a poor prognostic factor for patients with PDAC, and LDHA depletion suppressed tumor growth in a CAF-rich murine PDAC model. (jci.org)
- Our study provides insight regarding the crosstalk among tumor cells, CAFs, and immune cells mediated by lactate and offers therapeutic strategies for targeting LDHA enzymatic activity in PDAC cells. (jci.org)
Step of glycolysis3
- LDHs catalyze the last step of glycolysis in which pyruvate is converted to L-lactate. (umbc.edu)
- This is an irreversible and regulatory step of glycolysis. (dp.ua)
- Pyruvate kinase (PK) catalyzes the final step of glycolysis by converting phosphoenolpyruvate and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) into pyruvate and ATP. (figshare.com)
Product of glycolysis4
- When the supply of oxygen is sufficient, this energy comes from feeding pyruvate, one product of glycolysis, into the citric acid cycle, which ultimately generates ATP through oxygen-dependent oxidative phosphorylation. (wikipedia.org)
- Pyruvate, the end-product of glycolysis has several fates within the cell, depending on the energy need of the body. (kdwis.com)
- Lactate Dehydrogenase is an enzyme, converts the end product of glycolysis i.e., pyruvate into lactic acid and is found in all most every organism. (researchtweet.com)
- Lactic acid is the major end-product of glycolysis by Streptococcus mutans under conditions of sugar excess or low environmental pH. (stackexchange.com)
Enzymes4
- How is the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase complex different from other enzymes? (assignmentexpert.com)
- By stimulating the expression of glucose transporters and glycolytic enzymes, HIF-1 promotes glycolysis to generate more pyruvate [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
- This was confirmed by increased expression of glycolytic enzymes including pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase in the treated tumors. (edu.au)
- L-lactate dehydrogenase-like enzymes. (umbc.edu)
Fermentation13
- Lactic acid fermentation converts pyruvate to lactate by lactate dehydrogenase. (wikipedia.org)
- Most importantly, fermentation regenerates NAD+, maintaining its concentration so additional glycolysis reactions can occur. (wikipedia.org)
- The fermentation step oxidizes the NADH produced by glycolysis back to NAD+, transferring two electrons from NADH to reduce pyruvate into lactate. (wikipedia.org)
- Refer to the main articles on glycolysis and fermentation for the details. (wikipedia.org)
- Instead of accumulating inside the muscle cells, lactate produced by anaerobic fermentation is taken up by the liver. (wikipedia.org)
- From an intuitive perspective, gluconeogenesis reverses both glycolysis and fermentation by converting lactate first into pyruvate, and finally back to glucose. (wikipedia.org)
- Plasmodium falciparum, the causative agent of malaria, relies extensively on glycolysis coupled with homolactic fermentation during its blood-borne stages for energy production. (rcsb.org)
- 2) Both types of fermentation start with glycolysis that results in the formation of two pyruvate molecules from one glucose molecule. (assignmentexpert.com)
- However, in homolactic fermentation, the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase transforms pyruvate to lactate. (assignmentexpert.com)
- In contrast to normal cells, most cancer cells predominantly produce energy by a high rate of glycolysis followed by lactate fermentation, even in the presence of oxygen, a less efficient metabolism compared to a low rate of glycolysis followed by mitochondrial oxidation of pyruvate [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Second, under condition of low cellular oxygen (as is the case in contracting muscle), otherwise known as anaerobic condition, pyruvate can be reduced to lactate through oxidation of NADH to NAD + - a process referred to as lactic acid fermentation. (kdwis.com)
- Lactate Dehydrogenase enzyme catalysis fermentation reaction leading to the formation of lactic acid that is responsible for the burning or muscle cramps in muscle cells during intensive exercising. (researchtweet.com)
- Both types of fermentation ensure that NAD + is regenerated so that it can be reused in glycolysis for further ATP production, in spite of low oxygen conditions. (jove.com)
Signalling pathway1
- Western blot was carried out to detect the expression levels of autophagic-related proteins (Unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1, beclin 1, autophagy related 5, microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3, ubiquitin-binding protein p62), glycolysis-related proteins (hexokinase 2, phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase M2) and activated protein kinase signalling pathway proteins. (ijpsonline.com)
Metabolism10
- L-lactate is the most commonly measured level, as it is the only form produced in human metabolism. (medscape.com)
- D-lactate is a byproduct of bacterial metabolism and may accumulate in patients with short-gut syndrome or in those with a history of gastric bypass or small-bowel resection. (medscape.com)
- Congenital lactic acidosis is secondary to inborn errors of metabolism, such as defects in gluconeogenesis, pyruvate dehydrogenase, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, or the respiratory chain. (medscape.com)
- Here we provide several lines of evidence to demonstrate that HFSCs utilize glycolytic metabolism and produce significantly more lactate than other cells in the epidermis. (nature.com)
- Glucose is the major substrate for ATP synthesis through glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), whereas intermediary metabolism through the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle utilizes non-glucose-derived monocarboxylates, amino acids, and alpha ketoacids to support mitochondrial ATP and GTP synthesis. (molvis.org)
- Confocal studies showed differential cellular and compartmental distribution of isozymes involved in glucose, glutamate, glutamine, lactate, and creatine metabolism. (molvis.org)
- In contrast, cancer cells shift their metabolism toward lactate production even in the presence of oxygen [ 4 ], partly through genetic modifications that stabilize the transcription factor Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) involved in the adaptation of the cells to hypoxia, under nonhypoxic conditions as well as generating an adaptive response to the hypoxic microenvironment (Figure 1 ). (hindawi.com)
- The results indicate that 2,5-HD and MBK block energy metabolism by inhibiting glycolysis at the site of GAPDH. (cdc.gov)
- By performing (13)C6-glucose metabolic flux analysis, we show for the first time that the tumors undergo metabolic re-programming toward anaerobic metabolism, thereby uncoupling glycolysis from oxidative phosphorylation. (edu.au)
- It turns out that cancer cells and Borrelia both rely solely on glycolysis for their metabolism," Rich explains. (techiai.com)
Lactic5
- The Cori cycle (also known as the lactic acid cycle), named after its discoverers, Carl Ferdinand Cori and Gerty Cori, is a metabolic pathway in which lactate, produced by anaerobic glycolysis in muscles, is transported to the liver and converted to glucose, which then returns to the muscles and is cyclically metabolized back to lactate. (wikipedia.org)
- Lactic acid exists in two optical isomeric forms, L-lactate and D-lactate. (medscape.com)
- When oxygen is limited, as in muscles that have undergone prolonged exercise, pyruvate is not consumed in the TCA cycle but is rather converted into lactic acid by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in a process termed anaerobic glycolysis. (hindawi.com)
- Instead of using the pyruvate in the Krebs cycle, the pyruvate is converted to lactic acid via lactate dehydrogenase. (researchtweet.com)
- When excess sugars are available, they favor the lactate dehydrogenase pathway to produce lactic acid. (stackexchange.com)
Oxidative4
- It was therefore assumed that cancer cells were generating energy using glycolysis rather than mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, and that the mitochondria were dysfunctional. (researchgate.net)
- In normal cells, glucose participates in cellular energy production through glycolysis as well as through its complete catabolism via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). (hindawi.com)
- Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a vital small molecule best known as a coenzyme mainly for the electron transfer function in a redox reaction that regulates glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. (oycus.com)
- Birds and mammals produce most adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, but when oxygen is not present in sufficient levels, ATP can be produced through anaerobic glycolysis. (figshare.com)
Molecule2
- During the final stage of glycogen breakdown, lactate dehydrogenase converts a molecule called pyruvate to a similar molecule called lactate. (medlineplus.gov)
- Glycolysis is an anaerobic, sequential, enzymatic and catabolic multi-step process that converts a single glucose molecule into two pyruvates in the cytoplasm coupled with the production of two NADH molecules and a net yield of two molecules of ATP. (kdwis.com)
High rate of glycolysis1
- This piece of work seeks to understand the relationship between cancer and high rate of glycolysis observed in tumours. (kdwis.com)
OXPHOS1
- Pyruvate, which is at the crossroad between lactate production and OXPHOS, constitutes a key metabolic intermediate. (hindawi.com)
Large amounts of lactate2
- They observed high glucose consumption and large amounts of lactate excretion from cancer cells compared with normal cells, which oxidised glucose using mitochondria. (researchgate.net)
- Glycolysis refers to the process by which glucose is decomposed into pyruvate in the cytoplasm and produces large amounts of lactate[ 6 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-d2
- The effect of neurotoxic and nonneurotoxic solvent s on glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was examined. (cdc.gov)
- Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is oxidised to 1,3 bisphosphoglycerate by the enzyme glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase(G-3-P dehydrogenase). (dp.ua)
Tricarboxylic acid1
- Following treatment, an increased influx of (13)C6-glucose was observed into the tumors, concomitant to increased lactate levels and a reduction of metabolites associated with the tricarboxylic acid cycle. (edu.au)
Causing lactate levels1
- In the setting of decreased tissue oxygenation, pyruvate is not readily metabolized and its intracellular levels rise, causing lactate levels to rise proportionally. (medscape.com)
Converts1
- In cardiac muscle, lactate dehydrogenase converts lactate to pyruvate, which can participate in other chemical reactions to create energy. (medlineplus.gov)
Warburg2
- To cooperate with the rapid development of tumor, the tumor cells produce energy through glycolysis, which is called the Warburg effect [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
- In the 1920's Otto Warburg first discovered that tumor cells bypass normal cellular respiration i.e. glucose converted to pyruvate through glycolysis, and the sequential oxidation of pyruvate through the Krebs Cycle in the mitochondria. (shu.edu)
Hexokinase1
- Additional products associated with these reagents include Hexokinase (HK), Adenosine-5-Triphosphate (ATP), Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PDH), and β-Nicotinamide-Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (β-NADP). (oycus.com)
Oxygen7
- The goal of this study was to explore the regulatory mechanism of trehalose on the autophagy death of SHSY5Y cells induced by oxygen and sugar deprivation from the aspect of glycolysis. (ijpsonline.com)
- In the presence of oxygen, the pyruvate is directed into mitochondria to be converted into acetyl CoA by the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) or into alanine by transamination. (hindawi.com)
- Lactate conversion is essential in hypoxic or anaerobic conditions in the cell when there is no availability of oxygen. (researchtweet.com)
- For the production of ATP, the cell is dependent on the glycolysis pathway only in less availability of oxygen. (researchtweet.com)
- For the muscle cells to work ATP is required for this they become dependent on glycolysis in absence of oxygen. (researchtweet.com)
- Even simple exercises may cause a lack of oxygen in some tissues, but the presence of lactate dehydrogenase ensures the supply of ATP. (researchtweet.com)
- As lactate dehydrogenase only acts in absence of oxygen it can be employed to analyze tissue damage and its extent. (researchtweet.com)
Enzyme is found1
- Lactate Dehydrogenase enzyme is found in all cells of the human body where it works to maintain homeostasis when hypoxic conditions occur. (researchtweet.com)
Gluconeogenesis2
- Overall, the glycolysis steps of the cycle produce 2 ATP molecules at a cost of 6 ATP molecules consumed in the gluconeogenesis steps. (wikipedia.org)
- Pathways such as cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and apoptosis are closely related to sperm quality. (biomedcentral.com)
Tumor cells4
- Hypoxia inducible factor 1 α (HIF-1 α ) can transcriptionally upregulate LDH-A in tumor cells to ensure anaerobic glycolysis and produce enough lactate. (hindawi.com)
- Confirming the metabolic flux results, immunohistochemical analysis showed an up-regulation of lactate dehydrogenase in the bevacizumab-treated tumor core as well as in single tumor cells infiltrating the brain, which may explain the increased invasion observed after bevacizumab treatment. (edu.au)
- Coculture of CAFs with PDAC cells revealed that most of the glucose was taken up by the tumor cells and that CAFs consumed lactate via monocarboxylate transporter 1 to enhance proliferation through the TCA cycle. (jci.org)
- Instead tumor cells divert pyruvate to lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), which reduces pyruvate into lactate. (shu.edu)
Glycogen2
- There are two types of this condition: lactate dehydrogenase-A deficiency (sometimes called glycogen storage disease XI) and lactate dehydrogenase-B deficiency. (medlineplus.gov)
- Glycolysis is defined as the sequence of reactions converting glucose(or glycogen) to pyruvate or lactate with the production of ATP. (dp.ua)
Regulates1
- B. fragilis D‐lactate dehydrogenase (BfD‐LDH) is an important enzyme which catalyzes the conversion of D‐lactate to pyruvate and regulates anaerobic glycolysis. (chemaxon.com)
Reduce pyruvate1
- Measured by its ability to reduce pyruvate to lactate. (rndsystems.com)
Concentration2
- G6P is readily fed into glycolysis, (or can go into the pentose phosphate pathway if G6P concentration is high) a process that provides ATP to the muscle cells as an energy source. (wikipedia.org)
- For accurate interpretation of CSF glucose concentration, serum glucose should be evaluated in serum samples collected about 2 hours prior to spinal tapping (allow time for equilibrium) and all specimens (CSF and serum) should be tested immediately to avoid glycolysis. (medscape.com)
Regenerates1
- This process regenerates NAD+, which is needed to continue glycolysis. (researchtweet.com)
Protein2
- The mechanism may be related to the improvement of glycolysis dysfunction and alleviation of autophagy over activation of activated protein kinase. (ijpsonline.com)
- The protein is found predominantly in muscle tissue and belongs to the lactate dehydrogenase family. (origene.com)
Molecules2
- Pyruvate is in equilibrium with lactate with a ratio of about 25 lactate to 1 pyruvate molecules. (medscape.com)
- Finally, we identify small molecules that increase lactate production by stimulating Myc levels or inhibiting Mpc1 carrier activity and can topically induce the hair cycle. (nature.com)
Inhibition2
- A series of heterocyclic, azole-based compounds are described that preferentially inhibit P. falciparum LDH at sub-micromolar concentrations, typically at concentrations about 100-fold lower than required for human lactate dehydrogenase inhibition. (rcsb.org)
- Studies on the biochemical basis of distal axonopathies - I. Inhibition of glycolysis by neurotoxic hexacarbon compounds. (cdc.gov)
Mitochondrial pyruvate carrier2
- Conversely, genetically promoting lactate production in HFSCs through mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1 (Mpc1) deletion accelerated their activation and the hair cycle. (nature.com)
- Following its conversion from glucose during glycolysis, pyruvate is transported into the mitochondria via the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) and enters the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. (elifesciences.org)
LDHC1
- LDHC is testis-specific and belongs to the lactate dehydrogenase family. (thermofisher.com)
Activity12
- In some people with lactate dehydrogenase-A deficiency, high-intensity exercise or other strenuous activity leads to the breakdown of muscle tissue (rhabdomyolysis). (medlineplus.gov)
- Affected individuals are usually discovered only when routine blood tests reveal reduced lactate dehydrogenase activity. (medlineplus.gov)
- When muscle cells do not get sufficient energy during exercise or strenuous activity, the muscles become weak and muscle tissue can break down, as experienced by people with lactate dehydrogenase-A deficiency. (medlineplus.gov)
- Even though lactate dehydrogenase activity is decreased in the cardiac muscle of people with lactate dehydrogenase-B deficiency, they do not appear to have any signs or symptoms related to their condition. (medlineplus.gov)
- Figure 1: Lactate dehydrogenase activity is enriched in HFSCs. (nature.com)
- Quantitative cytochrome oxidase (COX) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was determined histochemically. (molvis.org)
- B. fragilis D‐lactate dehydrogenase has been expressed, purified and inhibitory activities of 25 coumarin derivatives previously synthetize for their antioxidant activity were evaluated. (chemaxon.com)
- Lactate-dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was not inhibited by these neurotoxic chemicals. (cdc.gov)
- They also produce a large amount of lactate due to increased glycolytic activity. (dojindo.com)
- Here, we report that cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) with restricted glucose availability utilize lactate from glycolysis-enhanced cancer cells as a fuel and exert immunosuppressive activity in the PDAC TME. (jci.org)
- Moreover, lactate-stimulated CAFs upregulated IL-6 expression and suppressed cytotoxic immune cell activity synergistically with lactate. (jci.org)
- Diagnosis is confirmed by DNA analysis or less commonly by detecting a significant decrease of enzyme activity in liver (types I, III, VI, and VIII/IX), muscle (types IIb, III, VII, and VIII/IX), skin fibroblasts (types IIa and IV), or red blood cells (type VII) or by lack of an increase in venous lactate with forearm activity/ischemia (types V and VII). (msdmanuals.com)
Catalyzes the conversion1
- Lactate dehydrogenase C catalyzes the conversion of L-lactate and NAD to pyruvate and NADH in the final step of anaerobic glycolysis. (thermofisher.com)
Alanine1
- The buildup of lactate and its substrates for lactate production, pyruvate and alanine, lead to excess lactate. (wikipedia.org)
Production8
- In the present work, we found that 5-ALA, a natural precursor of heme, can hinder cell glycolysis, which is the main path of energy production for most cancer cells. (mdpi.com)
- The contribution of Cori cycle lactate to overall glucose production increases with fasting duration before plateauing. (wikipedia.org)
- A common misconception posits that lactate is the agent responsible for the acidosis, but lactate is a conjugate base, being mostly ionised at physiologic pH, and serves as a marker of associated acid production rather than being its cause. (wikipedia.org)
- LDHB gene mutations lead to the production of an abnormal lactate dehydrogenase-B subunit that cannot form the lactate dehydrogenase enzyme. (medlineplus.gov)
- Figure 4: Deletion of Mpc1 increases lactate production and accelerates the activation of HFSCs. (nature.com)
- This observation resulted in the development of 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (PET) to detect glucose uptake and lactate production for tumor imaging. (hindawi.com)
- Overall, these processes allow the regeneration of NAD + required for ATP production through glycolysis. (hindawi.com)
- Here, glycolysis plays a major role in energy production for the cells in the Brain. (dp.ua)
Tissues2
- Thus, lactate is the normal endpoint of the anaerobic breakdown of glucose in the tissues. (medscape.com)
- However, all tissues can use lactate as an energy source, as it can be converted quickly back to pyruvate and enter into the Krebs cycle. (medscape.com)
Intermediates1
- 4. Intermediates of glycolysis are used by the cell for the synthesis of amino Acid and Fat. (dp.ua)
Ethanol1
- The acetaldehyde is then further reduced to ethanol by alcohol dehydrogenase. (jove.com)
Metabolic pathway1
- Glycolysis is an important metabolic pathway that generates energy in various cells of the blood vessel wall. (wjgnet.com)
Energy3
- Lactate dehydrogenase deficiency is a condition that affects how the body breaks down sugar to use as energy in cells, primarily muscle cells. (medlineplus.gov)
- In the early stage of ischemia and hypoxia, cells will increase the energy supply to the ischemic area, especially the functional area of the ischemic penumbra, by regulating glycolysis. (ijpsonline.com)
- Metabolites and energy sources [e.g., glucose, lactate, and NAD(P) + /NAD(P)H] are the indicators used for analyzing intracellular metabolisms. (dojindo.com)
Generates2
- Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is key to this shift by catalyzing the formation of lactate by reducing pyruvate with NADH, which also generates NAD(+) that is essential for the continuity of glycolysis (1). (rndsystems.com)
- As a result, it generates NAD+, which allows the glycolysis pathway to continue. (researchtweet.com)