LocalizationOxidative phosphorylationEnzymesMetabolismMitochondrialGene expressionInhibitionAerobicCharacterizeMembraneSynthesisCellularAssaysGlucoseConstitutivelyEnzymatic activityConsumptionMetabolic activityProteinSummarizeBiologicalMitochondriaLevelsCellsMammalianYeastHighLossIsoformsInsightsDifferentialRegulationFunctionCellEnergyMembersInductionImportantEffectModel
Localization6
- The PKC family of serine-threonine kinases contains thirteen PKC isoforms, and each isoform can be distinguished by differences in primary structure, gene expression, subcellular localization, and modes of activation. (wikipedia.org)
- Hexokinase (HXK) is the only plant enzyme that phosphorylates glucose (Glc), so it is key to fueling several metabolic pathways depending on their substrate specificity, metabolite regulatory responses and subcellular localization. (biomedcentral.com)
- This study highlights the findings that infection of JEV changes subcellular localization of GAPDH suggesting that this metabolic enzyme may play a role in JEV replication. (biomedcentral.com)
- In mammals, there are seven members (Sirt1-Sirt7) with discrete subcellular localization and have been reported to connect a widening circle of activities including cellular stress resistance, genomic stability, tumorigenesis, and energy metabolism [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Subcellular localization of dJmj during spermatogenesis is unknown. (sdbonline.org)
- GO organizes genes into hierarchical categories based on biological process, molecular function and subcellular localization. (scienceopen.com)
Oxidative phosphorylation4
- The three main pathways used to generate energy in eukaryotic organisms are glycolysis and the citric acid cycle/oxidative phosphorylation, both components of cellular respiration, and beta-oxidation. (justia.com)
- He found that, even in the presence of ample oxygen, cancer cells prefer to metabolize glucose by glycolysis, a seeming paradox as glycolysis, when compared to oxidative phosphorylation, is a less efficient pathway for producing ATP (Warburg, 1956). (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
- In addition, increases in GPX, SOD3, G6PD, HK, and PFK at proteomic and transcriptomic levels suggested elevation of glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway, synthesis of glutathione and nucleotides, and antioxidative pathway activity, whereas oxidative phosphorylation, TCA and mitochondrial energy metabolism were reduced. (frontiersin.org)
- Glucose is the major substrate for ATP synthesis through glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), whereas intermediary metabolism through the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle utilizes non-glucose-derived monocarboxylates, amino acids, and alpha ketoacids to support mitochondrial ATP and GTP synthesis. (molvis.org)
Enzymes9
- Therefore, the dramatic changes of sugar type and concentration during the germination process undoubtedly regulates the enzyme activity and the pattern of gene expression of several enzymes [ 5 , 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Because a decreased dependence on aerobic respiration becomes advantageous, cell metabolism is shifted toward glycolysis by the increased expression of glycolytic enzymes, glucose transporters, and inhibitors of mitochondrial metabolism. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
- In contrast, S. cerevisiae msra Δ ( mxr1 Δ) and msrb Δ ( ycl033c Δ) mutants defective for peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase (MSR) activity exhibited a Cr sensitivity phenotype, and cells overexpressing these enzymes were Cr-resistant. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- A pair of principal enzymes, glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthatase, are found in all organisms and effect the conversion of ammonia into the amino acids glutamate and glutamine, respectively. (medmuv.com)
- Our goals were twofold: 1) to characterize the gene expression, protein expression, and activity of key synthesizing and regulating enzymes of energy metabolism in the whole mouse retina, retinal compartments, and/or cells and 2) to provide an integrative analysis of the results related to function. (molvis.org)
- The Affymetrix data revealed varied gene expression patterns of the ATP synthesizing and regulating enzymes found in the muscle, liver, and brain. (molvis.org)
- The oxidation of amino acid residues, the subsequent formation of protein aggregates by cross‐linking and the production of protein fragments may result in the loss of activity and inactivation of enzymes and metabolic pathways, finally ending up with cell death. (psychosocialsomatic.com)
- Particularly in yeast, an organism where gluconeogenesis and glycolytic activity are intermittently coordinated, the multi-subunit GID E3 ligase complex specifically targets the surplus of gluconeogenic enzymes, including the conserved Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1 (Fbp1), for proteasomal degradation. (elifesciences.org)
- Among the enzymes in the FAO pathway, the reduced activity of CPT1A, which is essential for the proper transport and oxidation of long chain fatty acids (LCFAs) in mitochondria may promote type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance11,12. (docksci.com)
Metabolism2
- The study found that both liver cell models showed ATP metabolism disorder, membrane damage, autophagosome formation and lysosome damage, but the difference was that, KUP5 cells exhibited more serious damage than AML12 cells, suggesting that immunogenic cell type is particularly sensitive to CDs. (biomedcentral.com)
- Here, we find that dysregulation of propionate metabolism produces a pro-aggressive signature in breast and lung cancer cells, increasing their metastatic potential. (biomed.news)
Mitochondrial5
- HXK activity was detected in cytosolic and mitochondrial fractions and high Glc and Fru phosphorylating activities were found in imbibed embryos. (biomedcentral.com)
- Considering the biochemical characteristics, location and the expression of ZmHXK4 at onset of germination, we suggest that it is the main contributor to mitochondrial activity at early germination times, at 24 h other ZmHXKs also contribute to the total activity. (biomedcentral.com)
- Mitochondrial matrix and membrane fractions were generated from liver, brain, heart, and kidney of wild-type and type 1 diabetic Akita mice. (omicsdi.org)
- Likewise, UA prolonged normal activity during aging in C. elegans, including mobility and pharyngeal pumping, while maintaining mitochondrial respiratory capacity. (lsd1receptor.com)
- Several subpopulations had evidence of LC3-II and contained degenerated mitochondrial components in the S-EV fraction, signaling to the existence of autophagy-related S-EVs. (biomedcentral.com)
Gene expression1
- Jumonji (JmjC) domain proteins (see Jarid2 ) influence gene expression and chromatin organization by way of histone demethylation, which provides a means to regulate the activity of genes across the genome. (sdbonline.org)
Inhibition2
- They regulate signalling though inhibition of phosphatases and induction of the activity of Stress Activated Protein Kinases, which themselves modulate feedbacks to insulin signalling and FOXO. (biomedcentral.com)
- We also found that inhibition of FAO by etomoxir suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation. (docksci.com)
Aerobic6
- Described decades ago, the Warburg effect of aerobic glycolysis is a key metabolic hallmark of cancer, yet its significance remains unclear. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
- Although aerobic glycolysis has now been generally accepted as a metabolic hallmark of cancer, its causal relationship with cancer progression is still unclear. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
- Here, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae sod1 Δ mutant (defective for the Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase) was found to be hypersensitive to Cr(VI) toxicity under aerobic conditions, but this phenotype was suppressed under anaerobic conditions. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- The pattern and intensity of the antibodies and of the COX and LDH activity showed the high capacity of photoreceptors for aerobic glycolysis and OXPHOS. (molvis.org)
- The combined results indicate that glycolysis is regulated by the compartmental expression of hexokinase 2, pyruvate kinase M1, and pyruvate kinase M2 in photoreceptors, whereas the inner retinal neurons exhibit a lower capacity for glycolysis and aerobic glycolysis. (molvis.org)
- Based on the antibody intensities and the COX and LDH activity, Müller glial cells (MGCs) had the lowest capacity for glycolysis, aerobic glycolysis, and OXPHOS. (molvis.org)
Characterize1
- The objective of this study was to evaluate whether postnatal hyperoxia exposure in rats could recapitulate the skeletal and metabolic phenotype of premature birth, and to characterize the subcellular metabolic changes associated with postnatal hyperoxia exposure, with a secondary aim to evaluate sex differences in this model. (frontiersin.org)
Membrane2
- The mitochondrion is a membrane bound organelle found in most eukaryotic cells, ranging from 0.5 to 1.0 μm in diameter. (justia.com)
- Interestingly, the S-EV fraction contained a MitoTracker-positive subpopulation, which was inhibited by the respiration inhibitor antimycin A, indicating the presence of mitochondria with membrane potential. (biomedcentral.com)
Synthesis3
- The homeostatic regulation of cellular ATP is achieved by the coordinated activity of ATP utilization, synthesis, and buffering. (molvis.org)
- We have previously reported that cellular metabolic pathways, including glycolysis and fatty acid synthesis, are associated with NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages under pro-inflammatory conditions6,7. (docksci.com)
- Cysteine, a thiol-containing amino acid, is crucial for the synthesis of sulfur-containing biomolecules that control multiple essential cellular activities. (biomed.news)
Cellular2
- Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), a cellular metabolic protein, was found to colocalize with viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (NS5) in JEV-infected cells. (biomedcentral.com)
- [20] This finding has led to general acceptance of the endosymbiotic hypothesis - that free-living prokaryotic ancestors of modern mitochondria permanently fused with eukaryotic cells in the distant past, evolving such that modern animals, plants, fungi, and other eukaryotes are able to respire to generate cellular energy . (wikipedia.org)
Assays2
- Several host factors were found and further characterized by coimmunoprecipitation (co-ip) and immunofluorescence assays (IFA) (unpublished data). (biomedcentral.com)
- Our results provide novel biological insights in the initiation of liver stage schizogony and an early marker suitable for the development of drug discovery assays predictive of anti-relapse activity. (elifesciences.org)
Glucose1
- Target genes activated by hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) decrease the dependence of the cell on oxygen, whereas Ras, Myc, and Akt can also upregulate glucose consumption and glycolysis. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
Constitutively1
- Ras signaling is constitutively activated in a large fraction of human cancers [ 3 ]. (oncotarget.com)
Enzymatic activity2
- Jarid2 was previously identified as a cofactor of PRC2, regulating PRC2 targeting to chromatin and its enzymatic activity. (sdbonline.org)
- This modification is recognized by the Eed (see Drosophila Extra Sexcombs ) core component of PRC2 and triggers an allosteric activation of PRC2's enzymatic activity. (sdbonline.org)
Consumption1
- The biological effects of urolithins remain poorly characterized, despite wide-spread human exposure via the dietary consumption of their metabolic precursors, the ellagitannins, which are found in the pomegranate fruit, as well as in nuts and berries. (lsd1receptor.com)
Metabolic activity2
- Seed germination, which starts with the imbibition, is a crucial event in the plant life cycle when metabolic activity resumes, and reserves are mobilized to support initial plant development. (biomedcentral.com)
- 3. CONCLUSION: The spatial dose response DRM for NPC in the concurrent chemoradiotherapy was relatively high, while had relatively low baseline tumor metabolic activity SUV0. (bvsalud.org)
Protein4
- Moreover, although the abundance of most protein groups reflected that of related bacterial populations, we found a specific independent regulation of bacteria-derived cell envelope proteins. (bmj.com)
- During the past twenty years, however, numerous studies indicated that GAPHD is a multifunction protein in addition to its traditional role in glycolysis [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Protein and amino acids provide benefits in long-term or short-term explosive power activities. (peertechzpublications.org)
- Thus, these ROS being unstable, seek its stabilization capturing electrons from other biomo‐ lecules, altering its function, and therefore, strategies have been developed to maintain low concentrations of these ROS, thanks to the activity of endogenous antioxidant agents that may be of a protein or nonprotein nature. (psychosocialsomatic.com)
Summarize2
- To summarize the key finding before we dive into the nitty-gritty, the vast majority of the melatonin your body produces - 95% - is actually made inside your mitochondria in response to near-infrared radiation from the sun. (substack.com)
- So we need to summarize these researches and find out some rules, which have guiding significance for the further research of Rhizoma coptidis. (springer.com)
Biological1
- For example, studies have found that pristine carbon nanotubes or C 60 -fullerenes and other carbon nanomaterials may cause toxicity while exerting biological reactivity due to their small size. (biomedcentral.com)
Mitochondria3
- Mitochondria are found in nearly all eukaryotic cells and vary in number and location depending on the cell type. (justia.com)
- [1] pl. mitochondria ) is an organelle found in the cells of most eukaryotes , such as animals , plants and fungi . (wikipedia.org)
- Here, we demonstrate that ROS-RET signalling requires increased electron entry and uninterrupted electron flow through the electron transport chain (ETC). We find that in old fruit flies, ROS-RET is abolished when electron flux is decreased and that their mitochondria produce consistently high levels of mtROS. (biomed.news)
Levels2
- Loss of p53 may also recapitulate the features of the Warburg effect, that is, the uncoupling of glycolysis from oxygen levels. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
- 10 looking at UVA levels and COVID mortality rates found areas of the U.S., the U.K. and Italy with higher UVA also had lower COVID mortality rates. (substack.com)
Cells8
- Subcellular fractionation further indicated that GAPDH remained relatively constant in the cytosol, while increasing at 12 to 24 hours postinfection (hpi) and decreasing at 36 hpi in the nuclear fraction of infected cells. (biomedcentral.com)
- Studies with cells expressing a Sod1p variant (Sod1 H46C ) showed that the superoxide dismutase activity rather than the metal-binding function of Sod1p was required for Cr resistance. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- To help identify the macromolecular target(s) of Cr-dependent oxidative damage, cells deficient for the reduction of phospholipid hydroperoxides ( gpx3 Δ and gpx1 Δ/ gpx2 Δ/ gpx3 Δ) and for the repair of DNA oxidation ( ogg1 Δ and rad30 Δ/ ogg1 Δ) were tested, but were found not to be Cr-sensitive. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- We found that Sirt6 is highly expressed in pluripotent stem cells and also it regulates the efficiency of somatic reprogramming. (biomedcentral.com)
- We subsequently investigated the activity of UA in mammalian cells and explored their health benefits in rodents. (lsd1receptor.com)
- The large and small EV fractions (L-EV and S-EV, respectively) prepared from the conditioned medium by differential ultracentrifugation both were found to contain mtDNA, although only S-EVs were efficiently incorporated into the cells. (biomedcentral.com)
- It was also demonstrated that mtDNA was transferred into mtDNA-less ρ 0 cells after coculture with the S-EV fraction. (biomedcentral.com)
- Indeed, Hbp1 accumulates in cells lacking GID/CTLH activity, and Hbp1 physically interacts and is ubiquitinated in vitro by reconstituted GID/CTLH complexes. (elifesciences.org)
Mammalian1
- Biochemical reconstitution demonstrates that the mammalian complex possesses inherent E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, using Ube2H as its cognate E2. (elifesciences.org)
Yeast2
- From the six HXKs analyzed here, only ZmHXK9 has minimal hexose phosphorylating activity even though enzymatic function of all isoforms (ZmHXK4-9) was confirmed using a yeast complementation approach. (biomedcentral.com)
- Genetic dissection of the phospholipid hydroperoxidase activity of yeast Gpx3 reveals its functional importance. (microbiologyresearch.org)
High1
- As noted by Seheult, some studies looking at the effect of giving vitamin D to patients treated for severe COVID found no benefit, even at very high doses. (substack.com)
Loss1
- We found that loss of function of Sirt6 could significantly decrease reprogramming efficiency. (biomedcentral.com)
Isoforms1
- Activating mutations of the three major Ras isoforms (H, K and N) were found in more than 33% of all human cancers [ 4 - 6 ]. (oncotarget.com)
Insights1
- It's nearly two hours long, but well worth it if you have the time and are a fraction as fascinated by new science insights that could radically change your health as I am. (substack.com)
Differential1
- and exhibits differential layer-by-layer LDH and COX activity. (molvis.org)
Regulation1
- These results uncover a regulation loop where Jarid2 methylation fine-tunes PRC2 activity depending on the chromatin context. (sdbonline.org)
Function1
- Contractile function was also equally impaired in Cont and TG mice following TAC, as demonstrated by decreased +dP/dt and ejection fraction and increased left ventricular developed pressure and end diastolic pressure. (omicsdi.org)
Cell2
- Jarid2 methylation is shown to be important to promote PRC2 activity at a locus devoid of H3K27me3 and for the correct deposition of this mark during cell differentiation. (sdbonline.org)
- We find that NFATC1 governs FLT3 ITD -driven precursor cell expansion and transformation, causing a fully penetrant lethal AML. (biomedcentral.com)
Energy1
- It can be found in mechanical such as field, shoes, clothes, and vehicles, which are the materials used by people who do exercise and sports, physiological such as massage and sauna, pharmacological such as attention and energy-increasing drugs, psychological and motivational therapies such as psychological and nutritional aids that increase general health by increasing muscle mass [7]. (peertechzpublications.org)
Members1
- The Summit brings together startups, members of the longevity venture capital / investor ecosystem, and researchers interested in founding or joining a startup - all aiming to create therapies to vastly extend the healthy human lifespan. (fightaging.org)
Induction1
- MATERIALS/METHODS: A total of 5 of 30 patients with stage III-IVA NPC were enrolled in the institutional protocol for induction/concurrent chemoradiotherapy with radiation dose of 70 Gy in 33 fractions. (bvsalud.org)
Important1
- Berries, nuts, acorns and tree leaves, all found in the wild, serve as an important dietary staple of animals today and humans long ago1. (lsd1receptor.com)
Effect3
- We found a clear dose-response effect on lifespan when UA concentrations were increased from 10 to 50 µM (Fig. 1c). (lsd1receptor.com)
- We found that UA had a very modest effect on the growth of these two strains (Supplementary Fig. 1a,b). (lsd1receptor.com)
- The chaperone GRP78 was found to be remarkably increased by GS alone and in combination with CS, a fact that unveils a putative mechanism for the reported anti-inflammatory effect of GS in OA. (biomedcentral.com)
Model1
- Four adsorption kinetic and seven adsorption isotherm models were fitted to the batch adsorption and desorption experimental data, and it was found that pseudo-first-order kinetic model and multilayer model with saturation best described the phosphate-phosphorus (PO43--P) adsorption process by MBC. (bvsalud.org)