• Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) is an enzyme that catalyzes the reversible redox conversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (a.k.a. glycerone phosphate, outdated) to sn-glycerol 3-phosphate. (wikipedia.org)
  • Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase serves as a major link between carbohydrate metabolism and lipid metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
  • Older terms for glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase include alpha glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (alphaGPDH) and glycerolphosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH). (wikipedia.org)
  • However, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase is not the same as glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), whose substrate is an aldehyde not an alcohol. (wikipedia.org)
  • The reactions catalyzed by cytosolic (soluble) and mitochondrial GPDH are as follows: There are two forms of GPDH: The following human genes encode proteins with GPDH enzymatic activity: Cytosolic Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD1), is an NAD+-dependent enzyme that reduces dihydroxyacetone phosphate to glycerol-3-phosphate. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD2), catalyzes the irreversible oxidation of glycerol-3-phosphate to dihydroxyacetone phosphate and concomitantly transfers two electrons from FAD to the electron transport chain. (wikipedia.org)
  • The cytosolic together with the mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase work in concert. (wikipedia.org)
  • Once the glycerol-3-phosphate has moved through the outer mitochondrial membrane it can then be oxidised by a separate isoform of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase that uses quinone as an oxidant and FAD as a co-factor. (wikipedia.org)
  • Predicted to be part of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase complex. (nih.gov)
  • Orthologous to human GPD2 (glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 2). (nih.gov)
  • Glycerol 3-phospate may then be converted by dehydrogenation to dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) by the enzyme glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. (hmdb.ca)
  • For detailed information about sn-glycerol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase, go to the full flat file . (brenda-enzymes.de)
  • Through the reduction of dihydroxyacetone phosphate into glycerol 3-phosphate, GPDH allows the prompt dephosphorylation of glycerol 3-phosphate into glycerol. (wikipedia.org)
  • One way to shuttle this reducing equivalent across the membrane is through the Glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle, which employs the two forms of GPDH: Cytosolic GPDH, or GPD1, is localized to the outer membrane of the mitochondria facing the cytosol, and catalyzes the reduction of dihydroxyacetone phosphate into glycerol-3-phosphate. (wikipedia.org)
  • In conjunction, Mitochondrial GPDH, or GPD2, is embedded on the outer surface of the inner mitochondrial membrane, overlooking the cytosol, and catalyzes the oxidation of glycerol-3-phosphate to dihydroxyacetone phosphate. (wikipedia.org)
  • Oxidation of cytoplasmic NADH by the cytosolic form of the enzyme creates glycerol-3-phosphate from dihydroxyacetone phosphate. (wikipedia.org)
  • Predicted to enable calcium ion binding activity and sn-glycerol-3-phosphate:ubiquinone-8 oxidoreductase activity. (nih.gov)
  • Predicted to be involved in glycerol catabolic process and glycerol-3-phosphate metabolic process. (nih.gov)
  • Glycerol 3-phosphate is a chemical intermediate in the glycolysis metabolic pathway. (hmdb.ca)
  • Glycerol 3-phosphate is produced from glycerol, the triose sugar backbone of triglycerides and glycerophospholipids, by the enzyme glycerol kinase. (hmdb.ca)
  • The glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle is used to rapidly regenerate NAD+ in the brain and skeletal muscle cells of mammals (wikipedia). (hmdb.ca)
  • The main difference between glycerol 3-phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3- phosphate is that glycerol 3-phosphate is mainly involved in lipid synthesis, while glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is involved in glycolysis . (pediaa.com)
  • Glycerol 3-phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate are both important molecules taking part in various metabolic processes in living organisms, particularly in glycolysis and lipid metabolism. (pediaa.com)
  • Glycerol 3-phosphate consists of a glycerol backbone and a three-carbon molecule with a phosphate group attached to the third carbon atom. (pediaa.com)
  • This phosphate group enables glycerol 3-phosphate to participate in phosphorylation reactions and interact with other molecules in cellular processes. (pediaa.com)
  • Glycerol 3-phosphate is synthesized through various pathways, including glycolysis, glycerol phosphate shuttle, and gluconeogenesis pathway. (pediaa.com)
  • One of the main roles of glycerol 3-phosphate is its involvement in energy metabolism. (pediaa.com)
  • In glycolysis, glycerol 3- phosphate is an intermediate formed during the breakdown of glucose. (pediaa.com)
  • Glycerol 3-phosphate serves as a precursor for the production of ATP , the main energy currency of the cell. (pediaa.com)
  • In subsequent steps of glycolysis, glycerol 3-phosphate is further metabolized to generate ATP and NADH , a coenzyme involved in cellular respiration. (pediaa.com)
  • Another crucial function of glycerol 3-phosphate lies in lipid metabolism. (pediaa.com)
  • During triglyceride synthesis, glycerol 3-phosphate combines with three fatty acid molecules through ester linkages, forming a triglyceride molecule. (pediaa.com)
  • Glycerol 3-phosphate is also important in the synthesis of phospholipids, which are crucial components of cell membranes. (pediaa.com)
  • Additionally, glycerol 3-phosphate plays a role in the glycerol phosphate shuttle mechanism, which facilitates the transport of reducing equivalents across the cellular membranes. (pediaa.com)
  • In this shuttle, glycerol 3-phosphate is converted to dihydroxyacetone phosphate, allowing the transfer of reducing equivalents from the cytosolic NADH to the mitochondrial electron transport chain. (pediaa.com)
  • In the study, we developed the thermosensitive FA-gelatin/chitosan/glycerol phosphate (FA-G/C/GP) hydrogel which was applied as a sustained release system of FA to treat NP cells from the damage caused by oxidative stress. (tau.ac.il)
  • Magnesium Glycerophosphate is a white powder. (anmolchem.in)
  • Magnesium Glycerophosphate is a racemic mixture of the D- and L-glycerophosphate enantiomers. (anmolchem.in)
  • One unit is defined as the amount of enzyme which consumes 1 μ mol of glycerol per minute at 37 ℃ under the conditions specified in the assay procedure. (hzymesbiotech.com)
  • Upon oral ingestion, PBA is released from the glycerol backbone in the gastrointestinal tract by lipases. (clustermed.info)
  • Glycerol is an essential component in the biosynthesis of triglycerides and phospholipids. (pediaa.com)
  • Since glycerol is a main subunit in lipid metabolism, its abundance can easily lead to an increase in triglyceride accumulation at a cellular level. (wikipedia.org)
  • NaCl), GPD1 activity is enhanced over GPD2, since an increase in the salinity of the medium leads to an accumulation of glycerol in response. (wikipedia.org)
  • Enhanced GPDH activity, particularly GPD2, leads to an increase in glycerol production. (wikipedia.org)
  • When samples contain up to 1 mg acylglycerols, a simple colorimetric procedure may be used based on the formation of formaldehyde during the periodate oxidation of glycerol. (gerli.com)
  • It is easily verified that phospholipids yield very small amounts of glycerophosphate but no glycerol. (gerli.com)
  • L-Taurine, L-Tyrosine, Red Wine Extract 30% (standardized to Glycerol), Potassium Glycerophosphate, Guanidinopropionic Acid, Rhodiola Rosea Extract (Root) (standardized to 5% total Rosavins), 4-Hydroxyisolecuine (from Fenugreek Seed Extract), Cinnamon Bark Extract (standardized to 15% Cinnamic Aldehyde), Bacopa Monniera (standardized for Bacosides A & B). (blackdiamondsupplements.com)
  • Hur skulle ni översätta detta: XX Extract Nitric Oxide Formula Det en rubrik för ett hälsotillskott. (netlify.app)
  • After mixing and centrifugation, eliminate the hexane layer (it can be used for fatty acid analysis), the lower phase is used for glycerol determination. (gerli.com)
  • Molecular Formula: N The blood vessels then become even more permeable and this facilitates gas exchange so that oxygen can enter more easily and carbon dioxide Glycerophosphate plays a fundamental role in the cell membrane and the main organs tissue constitution, in particular, the brain tissues. (netlify.app)
  • In healthy subjects, intact glycerol phenylbutyrate was detected in plasma. (clustermed.info)
  • Intact glycerol phenylbutyrate was not detectable in plasma in patients with UCDs. (clustermed.info)
  • The method can be used to determine the glycerol concentration in plasma after a simple deproteinisation at 100°C (after dilution with 3 volumes of water). (gerli.com)
  • While the study was inconclusive, the incomplete hydrolysis of glycerol phenylbutyrate cannot be ruled out. (clustermed.info)
  • Potassium Glycerophosphate is often used together with sodium Glycerophosphate, Magnesium Glycerophosphate, calcium Glycerophosphate in sports nutrition formulas as electrolytes to supply a large amount of mineral elements such as sodium, calcium, magnesium etc needed for muscle performance and bone & joint health. (cimasci.com)
  • Potassium Glycerophosphate is in the GlyceroPump (Glycerol powder 65%), together with sodium Glycerophosphate. (cimasci.com)
  • In the EVP Xtreme Electrolyte Matrix (5.2g) Blend, Potassium Glycerophosphate is 525mg, Sodium Glycerophosphate is 788mg, and Magnesium Glycerophosphate is 525mg. (cimasci.com)
  • They are composed of glycerol bound in ester linkage with 1 mole of phosphoric acid at the terminal 3-hydroxyl group and with 2 moles of fatty acids at the other two hydroxyl groups. (nih.gov)
  • Complete hydrolysis yields 1 mole of glycerol, phosphoric acid, myo-inositol, and 2 moles of fatty acids. (wakehealth.edu)
  • Lecithin N\ L-a-glycerophosphorylcholine - v Lysolecithin L-e-glycerophosphate + choline The formation of lysolecithin as an intermediate in the conversion of lecithin to GPC could not be established, owing to the excessive lysoleci- thinase activity of the lecithinase fractions. (nih.gov)
  • As a result, when using yeast extract, there was no need using glutamic acid and sodium beta-glycerophosphate in the growth medium. (comu.edu.tr)
  • 1. A chitosan/beta-glycerophosphate thermo-sensitive gel for the delivery of ellagic acid for the treatment of brain cancer. (nih.gov)
  • 7. Physical gelation of chitosan in the presence of beta-glycerophosphate: the effect of temperature. (nih.gov)
  • 18. A novel thermo-sensitive hydrogel based on thiolated chitosan/hydroxyapatite/beta-glycerophosphate. (nih.gov)
  • A component of PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINES or LECITHINS , in which the two hydroxy groups of GLYCEROL are esterified with fatty acids. (nih.gov)
  • The other enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of polar lipids in archaea are EC 2.5.1.41 (phosphoglycerol geranylgeranyltransferase) and EC 2.5.1.42 (geranylgeranylglycerol-phosphate geranylgeranyltransferase), which together alkylate the hydroxy groups of glycerol 1-phosphate to give unsaturated archaetidic acid, which is acted upon by EC 2.7.7.67 (CDP-archaeol synthase) to form CDP-unsaturated archaeol. (qmul.ac.uk)
  • respiratory exchange following ingestion of glucose, glycerol, calcium hexose phosphate and calcium glycerophosphate. (nih.gov)
  • There are two types of Hydroxyl group in glycerol. (chemistrypage.in)
  • 4. Cytocompatible gel formation of chitosan-glycerol phosphate solutions supplemented with hydroxyl ethyl cellulose is due to the presence of glyoxal. (nih.gov)
  • Through the reduction of dihydroxyacetone phosphate into glycerol 3-phosphate, GPDH allows the prompt dephosphorylation of glycerol 3-phosphate into glycerol. (wikipedia.org)
  • One way to shuttle this reducing equivalent across the membrane is through the Glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle, which employs the two forms of GPDH: Cytosolic GPDH, or GPD1, is localized to the outer membrane of the mitochondria facing the cytosol, and catalyzes the reduction of dihydroxyacetone phosphate into glycerol-3-phosphate. (wikipedia.org)
  • In conjunction, Mitochondrial GPDH, or GPD2, is embedded on the outer surface of the inner mitochondrial membrane, overlooking the cytosol, and catalyzes the oxidation of glycerol-3-phosphate to dihydroxyacetone phosphate. (wikipedia.org)
  • Glycerol aldehyde and dihydroxyacetone are obtained upon oxidation by bromine water, sodium hypobromite or Fenton's reagent (FeSO 4 + H 2 O 2 ). (chemistrypage.in)
  • The alkaline water decomposition of fats and fats produces sodium or potassium salt of glycerol and mono carboxylic acid . (chemistrypage.in)
  • Potassium Glycerophosphate is a Glycerophosphate salt combined with the trace element of Potassium. (cimasci.com)
  • Insulin secretion in mGPD knockout mouse β-cells is normal because, like liver, β-cells possess the malate aspartate redox shuttle whose redox action is redundant to the glycerol phosphate shuttle. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • The mGPD reaction is unidirectional and keeps the glycerol phosphate shuttle operating only in the direction of converting NADH to NAD + in the cytosol of cells that possess this redox shuttle (see Figs. 2 and 3 in MacDonald et al. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Since glycerol is a main subunit in lipid metabolism, its abundance can easily lead to an increase in triglyceride accumulation at a cellular level. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is dehydrated when glycerol is heated with potassium hydrogen sulphate and the deodorant substance acrolein is obtained. (chemistrypage.in)
  • What is Potassium Glycerophosphate? (cimasci.com)
  • Potassium Glycerophosphate has the benefits of potassium and Glycerophosphate. (cimasci.com)
  • There are several CAS numbers for Potassium Glycerophosphate, meaning that it has different forms with or without water. (cimasci.com)
  • According to the Code of Federal Regulations Title 21, SUBCHAPTER E-ANIMAL DRUGS, FEEDS, AND RELATED PRODUCTS, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, Potassium glycerophosphate is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing or feeding practice. (cimasci.com)
  • You'll notice that sports nutrition brands prefer to use Potassium Glycerophosphate than any other dietary supplement formulas. (cimasci.com)
  • The GlyceroPump is 3000mg per serving size, but we don't know the exact amount of Potassium Glycerophosphate in it. (cimasci.com)
  • The great news is that Potassium Glycerophosphate works well with nootropic ingredients, such as L-Alpha glycerylphosphorylcholine (Alpha-GPC) and Huperzine A. (cimasci.com)
  • The single dosage of Potassium Glycerophosphate is still unknown. (cimasci.com)
  • The amount of Potassium Glycerophosphate per serving is 315mg per day. (cimasci.com)
  • Potassium Glycerophosphate is a mineral ingredient and is always added as a non-key ingredient in many bodybuilding supplements. (cimasci.com)
  • The molecular weight of Potassium Glycerophosphate is 248.25, and that of potassium is 39, only about 1/6 of potassium Glycerophosphate. (cimasci.com)
  • Therefore, theoretically, the dosage of Potassium Glycerophosphate could be more than several grams per day. (cimasci.com)
  • Where to buy potassium Glycerophosphate powder? (cimasci.com)
  • This Zn 2+ -dependent metalloenzyme is responsible for the formation of archaea-specific sn- glycerol-1-phosphate, the first step in the biosynthesis of polar lipids in archaea. (qmul.ac.uk)
  • It is the enantiomer of sn- glycerol 3-phosphate, the form of glycerophosphate found in bacteria and eukaryotes. (qmul.ac.uk)
  • 13. A novel injectable temperature-sensitive zinc doped chitosan/β-glycerophosphate hydrogel for bone tissue engineering. (nih.gov)
  • 17. Characterization of human adipose tissue-derived stem cells in vitro culture and in vivo differentiation in a temperature-sensitive chitosan/β- glycerophosphate/collagen hybrid hydrogel. (nih.gov)
  • Borrelia hermsii, a tick-borne relapsing-fever spirochete, contains orthologs to glpQ and glpT, genes that encode glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase (GlpQ) and glycerol-3-phosphate transporter (GlpT), respectively. (nih.gov)
  • Acidic water decomposition of oils and fats provides glycerol and high mono carboxylic acid . (chemistrypage.in)
  • Glycerol mono, di, and tri acetate are obtained with acetic acid respectively. (chemistrypage.in)
  • A hypothesis stating that the advent of membrane phospholipid with enantiomeric glycerophosphate backbones caused the separation of the two lines of descent. (qmul.ac.uk)
  • The Cell Swell Matrix with HydroPrime™ Glycerol, Betaine Anhydrous and Orthophosphates work to enhance muscle cell volume, overall hydration and maximize athletic performance. (a1supplements.com)
  • The addition of glycerol to a cold mixture of concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid produces an explosive substance called Glyceryl Trinitrate . (chemistrypage.in)
  • 9. Heat-induced transfer of protons from chitosan to glycerol phosphate produces chitosan precipitation and gelation. (nih.gov)
  • Τhis mini-review summarizes the hematopoietic and immunostimulating properties of alkyl glycerol ethers (AGs) reported earlier in the literature available to us. (mdpi.com)
  • BPA exposure during gestation had long-term consequences for mothers: 4 months postpartum, treated females weighed more than untreated females and had higher plasma insulin, leptin, triglyceride, and glycerol levels and greater insulin resistance. (nih.gov)
  • Glycerol can be obtained from water decomposition of oils and fats in commercial quantities. (chemistrypage.in)
  • NaCl), GPD1 activity is enhanced over GPD2, since an increase in the salinity of the medium leads to an accumulation of glycerol in response. (wikipedia.org)
  • 11. Thermosensitive chitosan-gelatin-glycerol phosphate hydrogels as a cell carrier for nucleus pulposus regeneration: an in vitro study. (nih.gov)
  • α- and β- monochlorohydrin are formed when the theoretical amount of HCl gas is flowed in glycerol at 110°C heat. (chemistrypage.in)
  • Glycerol is reacted with a small amount of HI when allyl iodide is obtained. (chemistrypage.in)