DehydrogenasePhosphateMagnesium GlycerophosphateEnzymeBackboneTriglyceridesLipid metabolismGPD2OxidationPhospholipidsExtractFatty acidDefinitionCarbonPlasmaComparisonStudyDisodium SaltSodium GlycerophosphatePhosphoric acidGlycerophosphorylcholineBeta-glycerophosphateHydroxyCalciumHydroxylDihydroxyacetoneSaltRedoxSubunitEsterPotassiumLipidsReactionBacteriaTemperatureEncodeMonoMembraneMatrixProducesPropertiesTermWaterResponseProductionCellAmount
Dehydrogenase12
- Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) is an enzyme that catalyzes the reversible redox conversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (a.k.a. glycerone phosphate, outdated) to sn-glycerol 3-phosphate. (wikipedia.org)
- Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase serves as a major link between carbohydrate metabolism and lipid metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
- Older terms for glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase include alpha glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (alphaGPDH) and glycerolphosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH). (wikipedia.org)
- However, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase is not the same as glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), whose substrate is an aldehyde not an alcohol. (wikipedia.org)
- The reactions catalyzed by cytosolic (soluble) and mitochondrial GPDH are as follows: There are two forms of GPDH: The following human genes encode proteins with GPDH enzymatic activity: Cytosolic Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD1), is an NAD+-dependent enzyme that reduces dihydroxyacetone phosphate to glycerol-3-phosphate. (wikipedia.org)
- Mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD2), catalyzes the irreversible oxidation of glycerol-3-phosphate to dihydroxyacetone phosphate and concomitantly transfers two electrons from FAD to the electron transport chain. (wikipedia.org)
- The cytosolic together with the mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase work in concert. (wikipedia.org)
- Once the glycerol-3-phosphate has moved through the outer mitochondrial membrane it can then be oxidised by a separate isoform of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase that uses quinone as an oxidant and FAD as a co-factor. (wikipedia.org)
- Predicted to be part of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase complex. (nih.gov)
- Orthologous to human GPD2 (glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 2). (nih.gov)
- Glycerol 3-phospate may then be converted by dehydrogenation to dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) by the enzyme glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. (hmdb.ca)
- For detailed information about sn-glycerol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase, go to the full flat file . (brenda-enzymes.de)
Phosphate24
- Through the reduction of dihydroxyacetone phosphate into glycerol 3-phosphate, GPDH allows the prompt dephosphorylation of glycerol 3-phosphate into glycerol. (wikipedia.org)
- One way to shuttle this reducing equivalent across the membrane is through the Glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle, which employs the two forms of GPDH: Cytosolic GPDH, or GPD1, is localized to the outer membrane of the mitochondria facing the cytosol, and catalyzes the reduction of dihydroxyacetone phosphate into glycerol-3-phosphate. (wikipedia.org)
- In conjunction, Mitochondrial GPDH, or GPD2, is embedded on the outer surface of the inner mitochondrial membrane, overlooking the cytosol, and catalyzes the oxidation of glycerol-3-phosphate to dihydroxyacetone phosphate. (wikipedia.org)
- Oxidation of cytoplasmic NADH by the cytosolic form of the enzyme creates glycerol-3-phosphate from dihydroxyacetone phosphate. (wikipedia.org)
- Predicted to enable calcium ion binding activity and sn-glycerol-3-phosphate:ubiquinone-8 oxidoreductase activity. (nih.gov)
- Predicted to be involved in glycerol catabolic process and glycerol-3-phosphate metabolic process. (nih.gov)
- Glycerol 3-phosphate is a chemical intermediate in the glycolysis metabolic pathway. (hmdb.ca)
- Glycerol 3-phosphate is produced from glycerol, the triose sugar backbone of triglycerides and glycerophospholipids, by the enzyme glycerol kinase. (hmdb.ca)
- The glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle is used to rapidly regenerate NAD+ in the brain and skeletal muscle cells of mammals (wikipedia). (hmdb.ca)
- The main difference between glycerol 3-phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3- phosphate is that glycerol 3-phosphate is mainly involved in lipid synthesis, while glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is involved in glycolysis . (pediaa.com)
- Glycerol 3-phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate are both important molecules taking part in various metabolic processes in living organisms, particularly in glycolysis and lipid metabolism. (pediaa.com)
- Glycerol 3-phosphate consists of a glycerol backbone and a three-carbon molecule with a phosphate group attached to the third carbon atom. (pediaa.com)
- This phosphate group enables glycerol 3-phosphate to participate in phosphorylation reactions and interact with other molecules in cellular processes. (pediaa.com)
- Glycerol 3-phosphate is synthesized through various pathways, including glycolysis, glycerol phosphate shuttle, and gluconeogenesis pathway. (pediaa.com)
- One of the main roles of glycerol 3-phosphate is its involvement in energy metabolism. (pediaa.com)
- In glycolysis, glycerol 3- phosphate is an intermediate formed during the breakdown of glucose. (pediaa.com)
- Glycerol 3-phosphate serves as a precursor for the production of ATP , the main energy currency of the cell. (pediaa.com)
- In subsequent steps of glycolysis, glycerol 3-phosphate is further metabolized to generate ATP and NADH , a coenzyme involved in cellular respiration. (pediaa.com)
- Another crucial function of glycerol 3-phosphate lies in lipid metabolism. (pediaa.com)
- During triglyceride synthesis, glycerol 3-phosphate combines with three fatty acid molecules through ester linkages, forming a triglyceride molecule. (pediaa.com)
- Glycerol 3-phosphate is also important in the synthesis of phospholipids, which are crucial components of cell membranes. (pediaa.com)
- Additionally, glycerol 3-phosphate plays a role in the glycerol phosphate shuttle mechanism, which facilitates the transport of reducing equivalents across the cellular membranes. (pediaa.com)
- In this shuttle, glycerol 3-phosphate is converted to dihydroxyacetone phosphate, allowing the transfer of reducing equivalents from the cytosolic NADH to the mitochondrial electron transport chain. (pediaa.com)
- In the study, we developed the thermosensitive FA-gelatin/chitosan/glycerol phosphate (FA-G/C/GP) hydrogel which was applied as a sustained release system of FA to treat NP cells from the damage caused by oxidative stress. (tau.ac.il)
Magnesium Glycerophosphate2
- Magnesium Glycerophosphate is a white powder. (anmolchem.in)
- Magnesium Glycerophosphate is a racemic mixture of the D- and L-glycerophosphate enantiomers. (anmolchem.in)
Enzyme1
- One unit is defined as the amount of enzyme which consumes 1 μ mol of glycerol per minute at 37 ℃ under the conditions specified in the assay procedure. (hzymesbiotech.com)
Backbone1
- Upon oral ingestion, PBA is released from the glycerol backbone in the gastrointestinal tract by lipases. (clustermed.info)
Triglycerides1
- Glycerol is an essential component in the biosynthesis of triglycerides and phospholipids. (pediaa.com)
Lipid metabolism1
- Since glycerol is a main subunit in lipid metabolism, its abundance can easily lead to an increase in triglyceride accumulation at a cellular level. (wikipedia.org)
GPD22
- NaCl), GPD1 activity is enhanced over GPD2, since an increase in the salinity of the medium leads to an accumulation of glycerol in response. (wikipedia.org)
- Enhanced GPDH activity, particularly GPD2, leads to an increase in glycerol production. (wikipedia.org)
Oxidation1
Phospholipids1
Extract2
- L-Taurine, L-Tyrosine, Red Wine Extract 30% (standardized to Glycerol), Potassium Glycerophosphate, Guanidinopropionic Acid, Rhodiola Rosea Extract (Root) (standardized to 5% total Rosavins), 4-Hydroxyisolecuine (from Fenugreek Seed Extract), Cinnamon Bark Extract (standardized to 15% Cinnamic Aldehyde), Bacopa Monniera (standardized for Bacosides A & B). (blackdiamondsupplements.com)
- Hur skulle ni översätta detta: XX Extract Nitric Oxide Formula Det en rubrik för ett hälsotillskott. (netlify.app)
Fatty acid1
Definition1
- What's The Definition Of The Medical Condition Glycerol Phenylbutyrate Oral Liquid? (clustermed.info)
Carbon1
- Molecular Formula: N The blood vessels then become even more permeable and this facilitates gas exchange so that oxygen can enter more easily and carbon dioxide Glycerophosphate plays a fundamental role in the cell membrane and the main organs tissue constitution, in particular, the brain tissues. (netlify.app)
Plasma3
- In healthy subjects, intact glycerol phenylbutyrate was detected in plasma. (clustermed.info)
- Intact glycerol phenylbutyrate was not detectable in plasma in patients with UCDs. (clustermed.info)
- The method can be used to determine the glycerol concentration in plasma after a simple deproteinisation at 100°C (after dilution with 3 volumes of water). (gerli.com)
Comparison1
Study1
- While the study was inconclusive, the incomplete hydrolysis of glycerol phenylbutyrate cannot be ruled out. (clustermed.info)
Disodium Salt1
- beta-Glycerophosphate, disodium salt pentahydrate, max. (yunbangpharm.com)
Sodium Glycerophosphate3
- Potassium Glycerophosphate is often used together with sodium Glycerophosphate, Magnesium Glycerophosphate, calcium Glycerophosphate in sports nutrition formulas as electrolytes to supply a large amount of mineral elements such as sodium, calcium, magnesium etc needed for muscle performance and bone & joint health. (cimasci.com)
- Potassium Glycerophosphate is in the GlyceroPump (Glycerol powder 65%), together with sodium Glycerophosphate. (cimasci.com)
- In the EVP Xtreme Electrolyte Matrix (5.2g) Blend, Potassium Glycerophosphate is 525mg, Sodium Glycerophosphate is 788mg, and Magnesium Glycerophosphate is 525mg. (cimasci.com)
Phosphoric acid2
- They are composed of glycerol bound in ester linkage with 1 mole of phosphoric acid at the terminal 3-hydroxyl group and with 2 moles of fatty acids at the other two hydroxyl groups. (nih.gov)
- Complete hydrolysis yields 1 mole of glycerol, phosphoric acid, myo-inositol, and 2 moles of fatty acids. (wakehealth.edu)
Glycerophosphorylcholine1
- Lecithin N\ L-a-glycerophosphorylcholine - v Lysolecithin L-e-glycerophosphate + choline The formation of lysolecithin as an intermediate in the conversion of lecithin to GPC could not be established, owing to the excessive lysoleci- thinase activity of the lecithinase fractions. (nih.gov)
Beta-glycerophosphate4
- As a result, when using yeast extract, there was no need using glutamic acid and sodium beta-glycerophosphate in the growth medium. (comu.edu.tr)
- 1. A chitosan/beta-glycerophosphate thermo-sensitive gel for the delivery of ellagic acid for the treatment of brain cancer. (nih.gov)
- 7. Physical gelation of chitosan in the presence of beta-glycerophosphate: the effect of temperature. (nih.gov)
- 18. A novel thermo-sensitive hydrogel based on thiolated chitosan/hydroxyapatite/beta-glycerophosphate. (nih.gov)
Hydroxy2
- A component of PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINES or LECITHINS , in which the two hydroxy groups of GLYCEROL are esterified with fatty acids. (nih.gov)
- The other enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of polar lipids in archaea are EC 2.5.1.41 (phosphoglycerol geranylgeranyltransferase) and EC 2.5.1.42 (geranylgeranylglycerol-phosphate geranylgeranyltransferase), which together alkylate the hydroxy groups of glycerol 1-phosphate to give unsaturated archaetidic acid, which is acted upon by EC 2.7.7.67 (CDP-archaeol synthase) to form CDP-unsaturated archaeol. (qmul.ac.uk)
Calcium1
Hydroxyl2
- There are two types of Hydroxyl group in glycerol. (chemistrypage.in)
- 4. Cytocompatible gel formation of chitosan-glycerol phosphate solutions supplemented with hydroxyl ethyl cellulose is due to the presence of glyoxal. (nih.gov)
Dihydroxyacetone4
- Through the reduction of dihydroxyacetone phosphate into glycerol 3-phosphate, GPDH allows the prompt dephosphorylation of glycerol 3-phosphate into glycerol. (wikipedia.org)
- One way to shuttle this reducing equivalent across the membrane is through the Glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle, which employs the two forms of GPDH: Cytosolic GPDH, or GPD1, is localized to the outer membrane of the mitochondria facing the cytosol, and catalyzes the reduction of dihydroxyacetone phosphate into glycerol-3-phosphate. (wikipedia.org)
- In conjunction, Mitochondrial GPDH, or GPD2, is embedded on the outer surface of the inner mitochondrial membrane, overlooking the cytosol, and catalyzes the oxidation of glycerol-3-phosphate to dihydroxyacetone phosphate. (wikipedia.org)
- Glycerol aldehyde and dihydroxyacetone are obtained upon oxidation by bromine water, sodium hypobromite or Fenton's reagent (FeSO 4 + H 2 O 2 ). (chemistrypage.in)
Salt2
- The alkaline water decomposition of fats and fats produces sodium or potassium salt of glycerol and mono carboxylic acid . (chemistrypage.in)
- Potassium Glycerophosphate is a Glycerophosphate salt combined with the trace element of Potassium. (cimasci.com)
Redox2
- Insulin secretion in mGPD knockout mouse β-cells is normal because, like liver, β-cells possess the malate aspartate redox shuttle whose redox action is redundant to the glycerol phosphate shuttle. (diabetesjournals.org)
- The mGPD reaction is unidirectional and keeps the glycerol phosphate shuttle operating only in the direction of converting NADH to NAD + in the cytosol of cells that possess this redox shuttle (see Figs. 2 and 3 in MacDonald et al. (diabetesjournals.org)
Subunit1
- Since glycerol is a main subunit in lipid metabolism, its abundance can easily lead to an increase in triglyceride accumulation at a cellular level. (wikipedia.org)
Ester1
- The reaction of glycerol with mono oxalic acids results in the formation of mono, di and tri ester. (chemistrypage.in)
Potassium14
- It is dehydrated when glycerol is heated with potassium hydrogen sulphate and the deodorant substance acrolein is obtained. (chemistrypage.in)
- What is Potassium Glycerophosphate? (cimasci.com)
- Potassium Glycerophosphate has the benefits of potassium and Glycerophosphate. (cimasci.com)
- There are several CAS numbers for Potassium Glycerophosphate, meaning that it has different forms with or without water. (cimasci.com)
- According to the Code of Federal Regulations Title 21, SUBCHAPTER E-ANIMAL DRUGS, FEEDS, AND RELATED PRODUCTS, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, Potassium glycerophosphate is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing or feeding practice. (cimasci.com)
- You'll notice that sports nutrition brands prefer to use Potassium Glycerophosphate than any other dietary supplement formulas. (cimasci.com)
- The GlyceroPump is 3000mg per serving size, but we don't know the exact amount of Potassium Glycerophosphate in it. (cimasci.com)
- The great news is that Potassium Glycerophosphate works well with nootropic ingredients, such as L-Alpha glycerylphosphorylcholine (Alpha-GPC) and Huperzine A. (cimasci.com)
- The single dosage of Potassium Glycerophosphate is still unknown. (cimasci.com)
- The amount of Potassium Glycerophosphate per serving is 315mg per day. (cimasci.com)
- Potassium Glycerophosphate is a mineral ingredient and is always added as a non-key ingredient in many bodybuilding supplements. (cimasci.com)
- The molecular weight of Potassium Glycerophosphate is 248.25, and that of potassium is 39, only about 1/6 of potassium Glycerophosphate. (cimasci.com)
- Therefore, theoretically, the dosage of Potassium Glycerophosphate could be more than several grams per day. (cimasci.com)
- Where to buy potassium Glycerophosphate powder? (cimasci.com)
Lipids1
- This Zn 2+ -dependent metalloenzyme is responsible for the formation of archaea-specific sn- glycerol-1-phosphate, the first step in the biosynthesis of polar lipids in archaea. (qmul.ac.uk)
Reaction3
- This reaction is used in the candle industry and the industrial manufacture of glycerol. (chemistrypage.in)
- The reaction of glycerol with a mixture of PI 3 or red phosphorus and iodine is also similar and isopropyl iodide is obtained as a result of the reaction. (chemistrypage.in)
- The reaction of glycerol and phosphorus acid at 105°C results in Glycerol Mono Phosphate. (chemistrypage.in)
Bacteria1
- It is the enantiomer of sn- glycerol 3-phosphate, the form of glycerophosphate found in bacteria and eukaryotes. (qmul.ac.uk)
Temperature2
- 13. A novel injectable temperature-sensitive zinc doped chitosan/β-glycerophosphate hydrogel for bone tissue engineering. (nih.gov)
- 17. Characterization of human adipose tissue-derived stem cells in vitro culture and in vivo differentiation in a temperature-sensitive chitosan/β- glycerophosphate/collagen hybrid hydrogel. (nih.gov)
Encode1
- Borrelia hermsii, a tick-borne relapsing-fever spirochete, contains orthologs to glpQ and glpT, genes that encode glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase (GlpQ) and glycerol-3-phosphate transporter (GlpT), respectively. (nih.gov)
Mono2
- Acidic water decomposition of oils and fats provides glycerol and high mono carboxylic acid . (chemistrypage.in)
- Glycerol mono, di, and tri acetate are obtained with acetic acid respectively. (chemistrypage.in)
Membrane1
- A hypothesis stating that the advent of membrane phospholipid with enantiomeric glycerophosphate backbones caused the separation of the two lines of descent. (qmul.ac.uk)
Matrix1
- The Cell Swell Matrix with HydroPrime™ Glycerol, Betaine Anhydrous and Orthophosphates work to enhance muscle cell volume, overall hydration and maximize athletic performance. (a1supplements.com)
Produces2
- The addition of glycerol to a cold mixture of concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid produces an explosive substance called Glyceryl Trinitrate . (chemistrypage.in)
- 9. Heat-induced transfer of protons from chitosan to glycerol phosphate produces chitosan precipitation and gelation. (nih.gov)
Properties1
Term1
Water1
- Glycerol can be obtained from water decomposition of oils and fats in commercial quantities. (chemistrypage.in)
Response1
- NaCl), GPD1 activity is enhanced over GPD2, since an increase in the salinity of the medium leads to an accumulation of glycerol in response. (wikipedia.org)
Production1
- Enhanced GPDH activity, particularly GPD2, leads to an increase in glycerol production. (wikipedia.org)
Cell1
- 11. Thermosensitive chitosan-gelatin-glycerol phosphate hydrogels as a cell carrier for nucleus pulposus regeneration: an in vitro study. (nih.gov)
Amount2
- α- and β- monochlorohydrin are formed when the theoretical amount of HCl gas is flowed in glycerol at 110°C heat. (chemistrypage.in)
- Glycerol is reacted with a small amount of HI when allyl iodide is obtained. (chemistrypage.in)