• Abstract Rapid generation of superoxide and accumulation of H2O2 is a characteristic early feature of the hypersensitive response following perception of pathogen avirulence signals. (rehabsociety.org.hk)
  • Biochemistry bioassays confirmed the involvement of monooxygenase enzyme, carboxylesterase, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase in multi-insecticide resistance mechanism. (preprints.org)
  • In cells , antioxidants such as glutathione , mycothiol or bacillithiol , and enzyme systems like superoxide dismutase , can prevent damage from oxidative stress . (wikipedia.org)
  • These results, together with previous data, suggest that the network of transcriptional control explains how CATs and other scavenger enzymes such as peroxidase and superoxide dismutase may be coordinately regulated during development, but differentially expressed in response to different stresses for controlling ROS homeostasis. (jipb.net)
  • 2011 ). On the other side, plants have developed some enzymatic systems including superoxide dismutases (SOD), catalases (CAT), ascorbate peroxidases (APX), peroxiredoxins and non-enzymatic mechanisms to protect against oxidative damage caused by these ROS (Agrawal et al. (springeropen.com)
  • In the human cell, antioxidant molecules include both nonenzymatic compounds such as glutathione (GSH), thioredoxin (Trx), ascorbate, α -tocopherol, β -carotene, and coenzyme Q10 and enzymes such as catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • an oxidative burst triggered by the treatment of Arabidopsis plants with a cell wall elicitor prepared from the fungus Fusarium oxysporum could be abolished by knocking down the transcript levels of PRX33 and PRX34 through the transgenic expression of a French bean class III peroxidase cDNA (FBP1) in an antisense orientation (Daudi et al. (rehabsociety.org.hk)
  • A novel cDNA encoding glutathione peroxidase of tea plant (Camellia sinensis) was isolated by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) method and designated as CsGPX2 (GenBank Accession No. JQ247186). (springeropen.com)
  • APX enzymes show high specificity for ascorbate as an electron donor, but most APXs will also oxidise other organic substrates that are more characteristic of the class III peroxidases (such as horseradish peroxidase), in some cases at rates comparable to that of ascorbate itself. (wikipedia.org)
  • Moreover, this study has elucidated that SA‐induced stomatal closure involves extracellular oxidative burst (Figs 2 & 3) and that the extracellular oxidative burst is mediated with SHAM‐sensitive peroxidases but not NAD(P)H oxidases (Figs 1d & 2). (rehabsociety.org.hk)
  • Nitric oxide alleviates aluminum-induced oxidative damage through regulating the ascorbate-glutathione cycle in roots of wheat [J]. J Integr Plant Biol. (jipb.net)
  • EPR spectroscopy measurements demonstrate that salinity (NaCl) triggers the accumulation of root apoplastic ascorbyl radicals in an A9C-dependent manner, confirming that l-ascorbate leaks through anion channels under depolarization. (deepdyve.com)
  • Ascorbate peroxidase (or L-ascorbate peroxidase, APX) (EC 1.11.1.11) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction L-ascorbate + H2O2 ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } dehydroascorbate + 2 H2O It is a member of the family of heme-containing peroxidases. (wikipedia.org)
  • This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on a peroxide as acceptor (peroxidases). (wikipedia.org)
  • The systematic name of this enzyme class is L-ascorbate:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase. (wikipedia.org)
  • This enzyme participates in ascorbate and aldarate metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ascorbate-dependent peroxidase activity was first reported in 1979,, more than 150 years after the first observation of peroxidase activity in horseradish plants and almost 40 years after the discovery of the closely related cytochrome c peroxidase enzyme. (wikipedia.org)
  • Peroxidases have been classified into three types (class I, class II and class III): ascorbate peroxidases is a class I peroxidase enzyme. (wikipedia.org)
  • APX has high sequence identity to cytochrome c peroxidase, which is also a class I peroxidase enzyme. (wikipedia.org)
  • Under physiological conditions, the immediate product of the reaction, the monodehydroascorbate radical, is reduced back to ascorbate by a monodehydroascorbate reductase (monodehydroascorbate reductase (NADH)) enzyme. (wikipedia.org)
  • This means that defining an enzyme as an APX is not straightforward, but is usually applied when the specific activity for ascorbate is higher than that for other substrates. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some proteins from the APX family lack the ascorbate-binding amino acid residues suggesting that they might oxidize other molecules than ascorbate. (wikipedia.org)
  • In water solutions, this substance is present as a monovalent anion, ascorbate- (Asc-), which easily donates electrons to oxidized molecules and scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS). (deepdyve.com)
  • The binding interaction of soybean cytosolic APX with its physiological substrate, ascorbate, and with a number of other substrates are also known. (wikipedia.org)
  • This mechanism may underlie ascorbate release, signalling phenomena, apoplastic redox reactions, iron acquisition, and control the ionic and electrical equilibrium (together with K+ efflux via GORK channels). (deepdyve.com)
  • To understand the mechanism of tolerance to deferent stresses in tea plant, a new glutathione peroxidase gene of tea plant was cloned and its expression pattern was analyzed under abiotic and biotic stresses. (springeropen.com)
  • Our results reveal that CAT1 is an important player in the removal of H2O2 generated under various environmental stresses. (jipb.net)
  • APX is an integral component of the glutathione-ascorbate cycle. (wikipedia.org)
  • APXs catalyse the H2O2-dependent oxidation of ascorbate in plants, algae and certain cyanobacteria. (wikipedia.org)
  • H2O [3] In ascorbate peroxidase, Compound I is a transient (green) species and contains a high-valent iron species (known as ferryl heme, FeIV) and a porphyrin pi-cation radical,, as found in horseradish peroxidase. (wikipedia.org)
  • Exogenous ascorbate also induces a moderate increase in programmed cell death symptoms in intact roots, but it does not activate Ca2+ influx currents in patch-clamped root protoplasts. (deepdyve.com)
  • Intriguingly, the replacement of gluconate with ascorbate in the patch-clamp pipette reveals a large ascorbate efflux current, which shows sensitivity to the anion channel blocker, anthracene-9-carboxylic acid (A9C), indicative of the ascorbate release via anion channels. (deepdyve.com)
  • Under physiological conditions, the immediate product of the reaction, the monodehydroascorbate radical, is reduced back to ascorbate by a monodehydroascorbate reductase (monodehydroascorbate reductase (NADH)) enzyme. (wikipedia.org)
  • The systematic name of this enzyme class is L-ascorbate:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase. (wikipedia.org)
  • Others belonging to the same functional category were even down-regulated in recovered plants (oxidoreductase GLYR1 and ascorbate peroxidase). (biomedcentral.com)
  • This enzyme participates in ascorbate and aldarate metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ascorbate-dependent peroxidase activity was first reported in 1979,, more than 150 years after the first observation of peroxidase activity in horseradish plants and almost 40 years after the discovery of the closely related cytochrome c peroxidase enzyme. (wikipedia.org)
  • Heme peroxidases catalyse the H2O2-dependent oxidation of a wide range of different, usually organic, substrates in biology. (wikipedia.org)
  • APXs catalyse the H2O2-dependent oxidation of ascorbate in plants, algae and certain cyanobacteria. (wikipedia.org)
  • Many mechanisms contributing to the resistance of mesothelioma remain to be investigated, but γGCS may play an important role in the primary drug resistance of this tumor in vivoin maintaining the intracellular glutathione level. (charismaticplanet.com)
  • Its acting on phospholipid hydroperoxides and its phospholipase-A2 activity are unique among the peroxiredoxin family and add complexity to its action mechanisms. (biomed.news)
  • This means that defining an enzyme as an APX is not straightforward, but is usually applied when the specific activity for ascorbate is higher than that for other substrates. (wikipedia.org)
  • Kinetoplastids, composed of parasites from the genera expresses a unique plant-like ascorbate-dependent hemoperoxidase whose activity continues to be from the reduced amount of the parasite-specific thiol trypanothione by ascorbate in an activity that involves non-enzymatic connections (11). (arcticcirclescotland.com)
  • Loss of PLA2 may affect the levels of specific lipids altering lipid signaling pathways, while loss of peroxidase activity could induce redox changes at critical sensitive cysteine residues in key proteins. (biomed.news)
  • In the current study, we found that the homologous circular RNA (circRNA) of the family with sequence similarity 134, member B (FAM134B), hsa_circ_0128505 (was abbreviated as circFAM134B in the present study), was identified to specifically target ER-phagy to promote lenvatinib (LV)-induced ferroptosis using reactive oxygen species (ROS), Fe2+, malondialdehyde (MDA), and western blot (WB) assays in HCC cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Understanding functional diversity and substrate specificity in haem peroxidases: what can we learn from ascorbate peroxidase? (wikipedia.org)
  • Moreover, this study has elucidated that SA‐induced stomatal closure involves extracellular oxidative burst (Figs 2 & 3) and that the extracellular oxidative burst is mediated with SHAM‐sensitive peroxidases but not NAD(P)H oxidases (Figs 1d & 2). (rehabsociety.org.hk)
  • Glutathione, which maintains the reducing milieu of cells, is without a doubt mixed up in reduced amount of many mobile components (12). (arcticcirclescotland.com)