Structurally, glucoamylases are classified in the family 15 of the glycoside hydrolases and have characteristics that consist of an invariable presence of catalytic domain having an (α/α)₆-fold, which is bound often to the non-catalytic domain of the diverse function and origin. (infinitabiotech.com)
Beta-galactosidase, often abbreviated as β-gal or β-galactosidase, is a glycoside hydrolase belonging to family 2 of the glycoside hydrolases and is found in a wide range of organisms, including bacteria, plants, and animals. (pediaa.com)
Hydrolase family2
It has been used to characterize the function of endoglucanase 1 from T. harzianum, β-glucosidase from T. xylanolyticum, and glycoside hydrolase family 3 (GH3) aryl β-glucosidases from A. oryzae. (chemsynlab.com)
Lactase is a specialized enzyme that belongs to the glycoside hydrolase family of enzymes, which are responsible for breaking down complex sugars into simpler forms. (pediaa.com)
Moiety1
Sterols may be found either as free sterols, acylated ( sterol esters ), alkylated ( steryl alkyl ethers ), sulfated ( sterol sulfate ), or linked to a glycoside moiety ( steryl glycosides) which can be itself acylated ( acylated sterol glycosides ). (gerli.com)
Enzymes5
4-Nitrophenyl beta-D-cellobioside (p-nitrophenyl-β-D-cellobioside or PNPC) is a synthetic substrate used to measure the activity of cellobiases, enzymes that hydrolyze cellobiose to glucose monomers. (chemsynlab.com)
As a cellobiose-mimicking substrate, PNPC can be used to study the activity of cellobiases and other enzymes that hydrolyze β-glycosides. (chemsynlab.com)
They are exo-acting enzymes that tend to release consecutive glucose units from the starch molecules' non-reducing ends. (infinitabiotech.com)
The α -1, 6-glucosidic linkages that are present in the starch molecules act as a barrier to the activities of several starches hydrolyzing enzymes during the process of saccharification, which is then followed by the process of gelatinization. (infinitabiotech.com)
According to a hypothesis, polyphenol (PP) activity against several forms of cancer, proliferative diseases, inflammation and neurodegeneration is mainly exerted through the inhibiting and modulating activities against a wide range of receptors, enzymes and transcription molecules 88 . (bvsalud.org)
Drug molecules3
The method has been applied to a wide range of substrates (over 60 examples), including many marketed drug molecules. (bvsalud.org)
Remarkably, a new potent sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor with antidiabetic potential has been discovered, and the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profiles of drug molecules have been changed using our C-H glycosylation approach. (bvsalud.org)
If nanorobots have a higher affinity for protein binding sites than certain drugs used in concert with the nanorobots during a nanomedical treatment, then those drugs could be displaced, consequently increasing the number of biologically active drug molecules and increasing the risk of toxic drug levels [ 5489 ]. (nanomedicine.com)
Glycosyl2
Out of the two subsites identified in the active-site pocket, subsite B which accommodates the glucose and glycosyl unit of disaccharide α-glycosides is highly conserved. (rcsb.org)
According to the double displacement mechanism, to increase the yield of glycoside products catalyzed by α -glucosidase, the affinity for glycosyl receptor in the deglycosylation process must be enhanced. (researchsquare.com)
Disaccharide3
This study reports crystal structures of an α-glycoside-binding protein (αGlyBP, ORF ID: TTHA0356 from Thermus thermophilus HB8) in complex with disaccharide α-glycosides namely trehalose (α-1,1), sucrose (α-1,2), maltose (α-1,4), palatinose (α-1,6) and glucose within a resolution range of 1.6-2.0 Å. (rcsb.org)
In addition, structural data confirms the paradoxical behavior of glucose, where it replaces the high-affinity ligand(s) (disaccharide α-glycosides) from the active site of the protein. (rcsb.org)
Applying the terms defined above, glucose is a monosaccharide, an aldohexose (note that the function and size classifications are combined in one word) and a reducing sugar. (feinni.best)
Amongst the major glucoamylase enzyme functions is the saccharification of partially produced dextrin or starch to glucose. (infinitabiotech.com)
Amylopectin2
The branching points are present on about every 20 to 25 D-glucose units and hence, the amylopectin consists of 4-5% of α -1,6 glucosidic linkages. (infinitabiotech.com)
During the process of saccharification, the partially hydrolyzed amylopectin and amylose molecules get depolymerized by the action of glucoamylase , which helps in removing the glucose units step by step from the non-reducing chain ends. (infinitabiotech.com)
Galactose2
Both exhibit substrate specificity for β-galactosides, meaning they are specialized in catalyzing the hydrolysis of compounds that contain β-galactose molecules. (pediaa.com)
The primary function of lactase is to break down lactose into glucose and galactose in the small intestine, allowing for the absorption of these monosaccharides into the bloodstream. (pediaa.com)
Carbohydrate2
Carbohydrate (or sugar) molecules are extremely diverse regarding their length, linkage and epimeric state. (rcsb.org)
Stevioside and other steviol glycosides have been extensively studied for their potential health benefits, side effects, and safety, as well as their impact on blood sugar levels and diabetes management. (sugar-and-sweetener-guide.com)
Glucose and other saccharides are extensively cleaved by periodic acid, thanks to the abundance of vicinal diol moieties in their structure. (feinni.best)
Sucrose1
As a glycoside, it is responsible for the intense sweetness of the plant, being approximately 300 times sweeter than sucrose. (sugar-and-sweetener-guide.com)
Maltose1
Glucoamylase enzyme also helps in catalyzing the reverse reaction in which the dextrose molecules get combined to form maltose and isomaltose. (infinitabiotech.com)
Enzyme2
The rate of this reaction of hydrolysis by the glucoamylase enzyme varies greatly on the size of molecules, particular linkages, and the pattern in which the α -1,4 and α -1,6 linkages are arranged. (infinitabiotech.com)
This active site contains specific amino acid residues that interact with the lactose molecule, allowing the enzyme to catalyze the hydrolysis reaction. (pediaa.com)
Hydrolysis1
The use of PNPC and related substrates to study the roles of cellobiases and β-glycosides in biological systems beyond cellobiose hydrolysis. (chemsynlab.com)
Sugar5
Glycosylated flavonols (bound to at least one sugar molecule) are the most widely distributed flavonoids in the diet (2, 3) . (oregonstate.edu)
Alongside stevioside, other steviol glycosides such as rebaudioside A, which is 200 times sweeter than sugar, are also present in the plant. (sugar-and-sweetener-guide.com)
In addition to the above benefits, Super Spinach Caps also support healthy blood sugar levels, thanks to the presence of the flavonoid glycoside, which is believed to help regulate glucose metabolism. (thesupplementhaven.com)
Glycosides are a type of molecule that binds with sugar and can help to reduce the absorption of glucose from the intestine into the bloodstream. (thesupplementhaven.com)
PNPC is a β-glycoside, a molecule that contains a glycosidic bond between two sugar molecules. (chemsynlab.com)
During this process, the long-chain molecules get broken down into their smaller units known as maltodextrins that can either be in the linear or branched form. (infinitabiotech.com)
Products1
C-Glycosides are critical motifs embedded in many bioactive natural products. (bvsalud.org)
Highly1
Despite the comprehensive strategies and tactics established in the past few decades, highly efficient C-glycoside syntheses via C-C coupling with excellent regio-, chemo-, and stereoselectivity are still needed. (bvsalud.org)
Structure2
Glycoscience: β-glycosides like PNPC are important tools for studying the structure and function of complex carbohydrates in biological systems. (chemsynlab.com)
The general structure of glucose and many other aldohexoses was established by simple chemical reactions. (feinni.best)
Presence1
The sweet taste of Stevia rebaudiana leaves is attributed to the presence of steviol glycosides, which are the chemical compounds responsible for its sweetness. (sugar-and-sweetener-guide.com)