AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesNamed GroupsHealth Care
Fetal WeightFetal DevelopmentUltrasonography, PrenatalBody WeightBirth WeightPregnancyFetusGestational AgeFetal Growth RetardationPlacentaPregnancy Trimester, ThirdFetal MacrosomiaWeight GainBiometryEmbryonic and Fetal DevelopmentWeight LossLitter SizePregnancy, AnimalOrgan SizeInfant, NewbornMolecular WeightUmbilical ArteriesAnthropometryMaternal-Fetal ExchangeFetal Nutrition DisordersAmniotic FluidFetal MonitoringPregnancy Trimester, SecondFetal ResorptionAbnormalities, Drug-InducedUterusPregnancy OutcomePregnancy, TwinPlacental CirculationOligohydramniosReproducibility of ResultsAbdomenFetal ViabilityCrown-Rump LengthParietal BonePredictive Value of TestsTeratogensPregnancy, ProlongedPregnancy in DiabeticsSheepPolyhydramniosInfant, Small for Gestational AgeProspective StudiesParityThighUltrasonographyReference ValuesPlacental InsufficiencyFetal DeathPregnancy ComplicationsFetal BloodFetal HeartTwinsSensitivity and SpecificityFemurMaternal Nutritional Physiological PhenomenaPregnancy, High-RiskSwineRegression Analysis
PregnanciesUltrasoundGestationHead circumferenceCause fetalPercentileOutcomesIncreased fetal growthDeveloping gestational diabetesFetusAbdominalGrowthPregnancy or fetalNeonatesCesarean deliveryComplicationsPlacentalInfantsBirth weightsBabiesSignificantlyLive birthsVaginal deliverySmall forMetabolismFetusesOutcome0.001InfantShoulder dystociaObstetricPerinatalNewbornPregnant womenDeliveryMacrosomiaDiabetes can causeTrimesterVivoStillbirthAdverse
Pregnancies5
  • Growth-restricted pregnancies are often complicated by a high rate of antepartum and intrapartum fetal distress and the need for cesarean delivery. (medscape.com)
  • Methods: In this retrospective observational cohort study, we included all singleton pregnancies of women using lithium and referred for advanced fetal ultrasound scanning between 1994 and 2018 to the University Medical Centers in Leiden and Rotterdam, the Netherlands (n=119). (eur.nl)
  • The accurate and timely diagnosis of preeclampsia is critical in management of affected pregnancies to reduce maternal and fetal/neonatal morbidity and mortality, yet difficulties remain in establishing the rigorous diagnosis of preeclampsia based on clinical parameters alone. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The quality of fetal diaphragm movements is affected in pregnancies complicated with GDM and PGDM. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Associations between nutrients in one-carbon metabolism and fetal DNA methylation in pregnancies with or without gestational diabetes mellitus. (cdc.gov)
Ultrasound13
  • Serum placental GH concentrations were measured by a highly specific immunoradiometric assay, and fetal size was measured by ultrasound. (regsj.dk)
  • Fetal movement can be seen on ultrasound. (healthunit.com)
  • Fetal head circumference, abdominal circumference, femur length, and transcerebellar diameter were measured by ultrasound at 18-22 weeks of gestation. (eur.nl)
  • Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is often secondary to placental dysfunction and is suspected prenatally based on biometric or circulatory abnormalities detected on ultrasound. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • 10th centile) with that of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology (ISUOG)-endorsed Delphi consensus criteria for late FGR for delivery of a small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infant at term, emergency Cesarean section (CS) for non-reassuring fetal status (NRFS), perinatal mortality and composite severe neonatal morbidity. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Even though inaccurate, a clinical or ultrasound-based estimated fetal weight should be included in the initial assessment of all patients, whether for induction or in labor. (contemporaryobgyn.net)
  • The World Health Organization Fetal Growth Charts: A Multinational Longitudinal Study of Ultrasound Biometric Measurements and Estimated Fetal Weight. (omnicalculator.com)
  • Our BPD, HC, AC, and FL calculator uses all the necessary ultrasound fetal measurements to compute your child's weight at a given week of the pregnancy. (omnicalculator.com)
  • These two explanations are based on an Estimated Fetal Weight (EFW) calculations that use the ultrasound technique to evaluate a baby's weight inside its mother's uterus. (omnicalculator.com)
  • Fetal therapy Tools required for it are - Ultrasound machine MRI Fetoscope laser machine etc. (slideshare.net)
  • The thickness of fetal diaphragm (DT), diaphragmatic excursion (DE), diaphragm thickening fraction (DTF) and costodiaphragmatic angle (CDA) was measured and recorded by ultrasound and examined on the video frame during the inspiration and expiration phases of respiration. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The thickness of fetal diaphragm, movements and function were evaluated via using ultrasound. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We analysed data from 8,621 European liveborn singletons in 2 population-based pregnancy cohorts (the Generation R Study, the Netherlands 2002-2006 [ n = 4,682]) and the Born in Bradford study, United Kingdom 2007-2010 [ n = 3,939]) with fetal ultrasound and birth anthropometric measures, parental smoking during pregnancy, and maternal genetic data. (plos.org)
Gestation16
  • We determined the mean and standard deviation for weights and measurements at each week of gestation using the StatView trade mark SE + Graphics statistical program. (nih.gov)
  • Placental GH correlated with fetal weight at approximately 28 wk gestation (P = 0.002) but did not predict birth weight at term. (regsj.dk)
  • The transcerebellar diameter in millimeters is equal to gestational age in weeks to 22 weeks of gestation. (medscape.com)
  • The Fetal Deaths online databases calculate summary statistics for fetal deaths at 20 weeks gestation or more, occurring within the United States to U.S. residents. (cdc.gov)
  • The fetal origins hypothesis states that fetal undernutrition in middle to late gestation, which leads to disproportionate fetal growth, programmes later coronary heart disease. (bmj.com)
  • The hypothesis states that coronary heart disease is associated with specific patterns of disproportionate fetal growth that result from fetal undernutrition in middle to late gestation. (bmj.com)
  • Small size at birth and disproportion in head size, length, and weight are markers of lack of nutrients or oxygen at particular stages of gestation. (bmj.com)
  • Gestational weight gain (GWG) reflects different changes arising from gestation, including accumulation of body fat in women, liquid expansion, fetal and placental development, growth in breast tissue and the uterus. (scielosp.org)
  • Associations with trajectories of estimated fetal weight (EFW) and individual fetal parameters (head circumference, femur length [FL], and abdominal circumference [AC]) from 12-16 to 40 weeks' gestation were analysed using multilevel fractional polynomial models. (plos.org)
  • The fetal growth trajectory in women who quit smoking in early pregnancy was similar to that of non-smokers, except for a shorter FL and greater AC around 36-40 weeks' gestation. (plos.org)
  • A consistent linear dose-dependent association of maternal smoking with fetal growth was observed from the early second trimester onwards, while no major growth deficit was found in women who quit smoking early in pregnancy except for a shorter FL during late gestation. (plos.org)
  • there was no survival prior to 23.6 weeks' gestation or below 550 g birth weight. (hkmj.org)
  • Extremely low birth weight infants in Hong Kong showed significant mortality and morbidity: there was no survival prior to 23.6 weeks' gestation or below 550 g birth weight in this series. (hkmj.org)
  • Long-Term Gestational Hypoxia Modulates Expression of Key Genes Governing Mitochondrial Function in the Perirenal Adipose of the Late Gestation Sheep Fetus. (bvsalud.org)
  • Evaluation was done at term (30 days' gestation) assessing fetal survival, fetal membrane integrity and histology of the membranes. (researchgate.net)
  • prospective multicentre study of women diagnosed with EP-FGR (singleton, estimated fetal weight (EFW) <3rd percentile, <600 g, 20+0-26+6 weeks of gestation). (lu.se)
Head circumference3
  • ACOG describes 4 biometric measures to be used to generate an estimated fetal weight: biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference, and femur length. (medscape.com)
  • We analysed data from 8,621 white European liveborn singletons from 2 population-based pregnancy cohorts to assess the associations of maternal quitting, reducing, and continuing smoking during pregnancy with the longitudinal growth of different fetal parameters (weight, head circumference, femur length, and abdominal circumference). (plos.org)
  • Objective 1: Multilevel models and fractional polynomials were employed for the modelling of fetal weight, head circumference (HC) and abdominal circumference (AC) growth. (bl.uk)
Cause fetal3
Percentile10
Outcomes8
  • In addition, a proper control of gestational weight gain would improve the outcomes in mothers with high pre-gestational body mass index (BMI). (mdpi.com)
  • In women with high pre-gestational BMI and twin pregnancy, our aims were to explore the biochemical and hematological parameters and to study the rate of obstetric adverse outcomes. (mdpi.com)
  • Secondary outcomes included stillbirth, gestational diabetes and other pregnancy outcomes. (cmaj.ca)
  • Declining birth weight in the United States might therefore lead to adverse health outcomes in both early life and later adulthood. (dukeupress.edu)
  • Association of gestational weight gain with maternal and infant outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (scielosp.org)
  • Gestational weight gain across c4ontinents and ethnicity: systematic review and meta-analysis of maternal and infant outcomes in more than one million women. (scielosp.org)
  • It's a brilliant analysis because it separates gestational diabetes from Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes and reports outcomes according to severity of gestational diabetes, which have been major confounding factors in other analyses. (hencigoer.com)
  • We retrospectively extracted demographic data, risk factors, microbiological results and outcomes of very low birth weight infants with candidemia in our hospital between January 2012 and November 2015. (biomedcentral.com)
Increased fetal growth1
Developing gestational diabetes2
  • Some research has found that diet and exercise might reduce the risk of a person developing gestational diabetes. (nct.org.uk)
  • Women with prediabetes identified before pregnancy should be considered at extremely high risk for developing gestational diabetes mellitus during pregnancy. (medscape.com)
Fetus5
  • Since the placenta co-exists with the fetus, it also encounters various intra-uterine exposures, and experiences certain detrimental effects, which in turn could negatively impact maintenance of a pregnancy or fetal health 2 . (nature.com)
  • fetal movement over 40 minutes and External cephalic version is a procedure known rhesus blood group (women who in which the position of the fetus is were Rh-negative would need anti-D gam- changed from breech to cephalic presenta- ma globulin) were prerequisites for external tion. (who.int)
  • COMPLETE FETAL A - V BLOCK AA A A A At the time of diagnosis of heart block in FETUS maternal dexamethasone (4 or 8 mg/d for 2 weeks, Then 4 mg/day should be initiated maintained for the duration of the pregnancy, tapering at times (2 mg/d) in the third trimester. (slideshare.net)
  • COMPLETE FETAL A - V BLOCK AA A A A In the presence of maternal anti-Ro/La antibodies , there are no known markers that will predict which fetus will develop an AV conduction defect. (slideshare.net)
  • The Placenta is a fetal organ of pregnancy responsible for providing nutrition and oxygen to the fetus as well as excretory functions.1 Placenta can be attached to the endometrium anteriorly, posteriorly, fundally and in the lower uterine segments. (bvsalud.org)
Abdominal2
  • Aim: This study aimed to determine the accuracy of the product of symphysio-fundal height and abdominal girth in predicting birth weight among pregnant women in Keffi, Nigeria. (bvsalud.org)
  • Symphysio-fundal height and abdominal girth measurements were used to calculate the estimated foetal weight. (bvsalud.org)
Growth40
  • Placental GH is thought to be responsible for the rise in maternal IGF-I during pregnancy and is considered to be important for fetal growth. (regsj.dk)
  • Our study supports the role of maternal placental GH in the regulation of fetal growth. (regsj.dk)
  • In most cases of fetal growth restriction, the transcerebellar diameter appears to be spared and can be used as an unbiased measure of gestational age. (medscape.com)
  • Because growth-restricted fetuses have a high incidence of structural and genetic abnormalities, an ultrasonographic examination of fetal anatomy also is recommended. (medscape.com)
  • Melchiorre et al found that there is a significant relationship between first-trimester uterine artery Doppler resistance indices (RI) and the subsequent delivery of neonates who are small for gestational age (SGA) or have intrauterine growth restriction. (medscape.com)
  • Gestational weight gain and dietary energy, iron, and choline intake predict severity of fetal alcohol growth restriction in a prospective birth cohort. (cabi.org)
  • Learn about the different stages of fetal growth and development during each trimester. (healthunit.com)
  • In the fetal period, from nine weeks after conception onwards, there begins the phase of rapid growth that continues until after birth. (bmj.com)
  • The main feature of fetal growth is cell division. (bmj.com)
  • The Hertfordshire records were maintained by health visitors and include measurements of growth in infancy as well as birth weight. (bmj.com)
  • The reported success rate for all participants before the procedure to of term external cephalic version ranges exclude any contraindications [fetal abnor- from 41% to 77%, with a very low rever- mality, intrauterine growth retardation, pla- sion rate [ 6-8 ]. (who.int)
  • Aims: To investigate the impact of lithium exposure on early fetal growth. (eur.nl)
  • If these risk factors aren't present and fetal macrosomia is suspected, it's possible that your baby might have a rare medical condition that affects fetal growth. (sparrow.org)
  • In utero analysis of fetal growth: a sonographic weight standard. (omnicalculator.com)
  • Observations included fetal weight estimation, growth pattern, amniotic fluid volume, appearance of the heart and bowel, pulsatility index of the uterine, umbilical and middle cerebral arteries and ductus venosus. (nature.com)
  • In univariate analysis, fetal growth asymmetry and waveform analysis of all three fetal vessels significantly correlated with both end points. (nature.com)
  • Maternal smoking during pregnancy is an established risk factor for low infant birth weight, but evidence on critical exposure windows and timing of fetal growth restriction is limited. (plos.org)
  • Here we investigate the associations of maternal quitting, reducing, and continuing smoking during pregnancy with longitudinal fetal growth by triangulating evidence from 3 analytical approaches to strengthen causal inference. (plos.org)
  • There was no evidence that partner smoking was associated with fetal growth. (plos.org)
  • The apparent positive association of the genetic instrument with fetal growth in non-smokers suggests that genetic pleiotropy may have masked a stronger association in smokers. (plos.org)
  • These findings reinforce the importance of smoking cessation advice in preconception and antenatal care and show that smoking reduction can lower the risk of impaired fetal growth in women who struggle to quit. (plos.org)
  • Understanding when and which parameters of fetal growth are affected by different smoking behaviours is important for strengthening and focusing clinical and public health guidelines. (plos.org)
  • The importance of smoking cessation in early pregnancy and the extent to which fetal growth restriction can be prevented or minimised by lowering cigarette consumption in women who find quitting difficult is also uncertain. (plos.org)
  • Using data on the entire universe of births in the US over 25 years, we find that an increase in the minimum wage is associated with an increase in birth weight driven by increased gestational length and fetal growth rate. (iza.org)
  • Maternal vitamin D insufficiency has been associated with fetal growth restriction. (medscape.com)
  • However, the effect of maternal vitamin D supplementation on fetal growth has not been confirmed. (medscape.com)
  • The findings from China suggest that maternal vitamin D supplementation recommended by the IOM results in a slight but significantly higher fetal level of 25(OH)D and improves fetal growth. (medscape.com)
  • Increasing evidence from observational studies [ 10-17 ] has identified the link between maternal vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency and fetal growth restriction. (medscape.com)
  • Current evidence on maternal vitamin D status and fetal growth restriction derives largely from observational studies, but small supplementation studies. (medscape.com)
  • However, little research utilising ultrasonically derived estimates of fetal growth has been conducted. (bl.uk)
  • The use of more direct measures of fetal growth may also enable the identification of relationships between patterns of fetal growth with patterns of postnatal growth, explicitly, whether periods of restricted or rapid growth lead to postnatal catch-up or down, respectively. (bl.uk)
  • 3) identify whether there is evidence of weight growth tracking between fetal and infant periods and determine whether patterns of fetal growth predict patterns of postnatal growth. (bl.uk)
  • Objective 3: Multilevel models were employed for the modelling of fetal and postnatal growth. (bl.uk)
  • Restricted and rapid fetal growth were defined as a change in Z score in the fetal period of 0.67, respectively. (bl.uk)
  • ANOVAs were used to test for differences in size and growth by type of fetal growth. (bl.uk)
  • Furthermore, logistic regression and a sensitivity and specificity analysis were employed to examine the predictive ability of the type of fetal growth. (bl.uk)
  • Despite these significant differences in size the pattern of growth for HC and weight was not significantly different between the two groups. (bl.uk)
  • Fetal growth as anindicator of socioeconomic change. (cdc.gov)
  • OBJECTIVE: To quantify the risks of mortality, morbidity and postnatal characteristics associated with extreme preterm fetal growth restriction (EP-FGR). (lu.se)
  • DESIGN: The EVERREST (Do e s v ascular endothelial growth factor gene therapy saf e ly imp r ove outcome in seve r e e arly-onset fetal growth re st riction? (lu.se)
Pregnancy or fetal1
Neonates4
  • To establish accurate reference ranges for the entire second trimester, we documented organ weights, body weight, and linear measurements for 597 fetuses and neonates with gestational ages ranging from 12 to 26 wk. (nih.gov)
  • Systemic exposure to benzyl alcohol has been associated with serious adverse reactions and death in neonates and low birth-weight infants. (nih.gov)
  • While the mean birth weight of neonates born in the Netherlands increased from 3372 grams in 1989 to 3466 grams in the years 2008-2010 [ 13 ], it is unknown if the mean birth weight of South Asian babies born in the Netherlands has increased, or if the prevalence of LBW or SGA has decreased. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The rate of persistent candidemia was high among very low birth weight neonates. (biomedcentral.com)
Cesarean delivery4
  • We use life table techniques to analyze the joint probabilities of gestational age-specific birth and gestational age-specific obstetric intervention (i.e., induced cesarean delivery, induced vaginal delivery, not-induced cesarean delivery, and not-induced vaginal delivery) to fully document trends in obstetric practices by gestational age. (dukeupress.edu)
  • Findings strongly indicate that recent declines in U.S. birth weight were due to increases in induced labor and cesarean delivery at select gestational ages. (dukeupress.edu)
  • However, excessive gestational weight gain in women raises the chances of cesarean delivery, postpartum weight retention, and newborns large for gestational age (LGA). (scielosp.org)
  • Obesity during pregnancy can be risky for both mother and child, with some risks including gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension (high blood pressure), Cesarean delivery, birth defects and even fetal death. (eatright.org)
Complications4
  • Newborns with low birth weight face increased risk of neonatal mortality and potential complications such as breathing problems, bleeding in the brain, jaundice and infections. (news-medical.net)
  • Parents in Hong Kong with extremely low birth weight infants should be counselled regarding expectations for infant survival and associated complications. (hkmj.org)
  • Hong Kong hospitals can modify their practices to support an increased rate of survival and decreased rate of complications among extremely low birth weight infants. (hkmj.org)
  • There is limited assessment of maternal vital signs, labour pattern, fetal response, and complications during pregnancy and labour. (who.int)
Placental3
  • Placental GH at second examination was positively correlated with gestational age (P = 0.002) and negatively correlated with prepregnancy BMI (P = 0.039). (regsj.dk)
  • Studies in humans have shown that men and women whose birth weights were at the lower end of the normal range, who were thin or short at birth, or who were small in relation to placental size have increased rates of coronary heart disease. (bmj.com)
  • There was no statistical significance between placental localization and maternal age, gestational age, fetal weight, gender, fetal presentation and heart rate. (bvsalud.org)
Infants9
  • It is widely accepted that maternal drug-exposed infants demonstrate excessive early weight loss, but this has not previously been quantified. (bmj.com)
  • Among 354 term, substitute methadone-exposed infants, median maximal weight losses were 10.2% and 8.5% for breast- and formula-fed infants, respectively (p=0.003). (bmj.com)
  • Median weight loss nadir was on day 5, excepting those infants exclusively breastfed (day 4). (bmj.com)
  • These data suggest that excessive neonatal weight loss among breastfed infants of drug-misusing mothers does not necessarily reflect poorly established lactation and may help to guide management of breast feeding in this population. (bmj.com)
  • Extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants exhibit high rates of mortality and morbidity. (hkmj.org)
  • The prevalence and risk factors for persistent candidemia among very low birth weight infants are poorly understood. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The known differences in birth weight existing between South Asians and White British infants may also have implications for the assessment of neonatal health in these sub-groups when using a population derived birth weight chart, such as the UK-World Health Organisation (UK-WHO). (bl.uk)
  • Longitudinal prospective cohort study where 91 preterm infants with gestational age at or below 34 weeks were followed. (bvsalud.org)
  • Thus, the objective of this study is to identify factors associated with the overall development of preterm infants at four and eight months of corrected gestational age. (bvsalud.org)
Birth weights3
  • Using restricted National Vital Statistics System data linked birth/infant death data for 1990-2013, we analyze trends in obstetric practices, gestational age distributions, and birth weights among first-birth singletons born to U.S. non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, and Latina women. (dukeupress.edu)
  • Average birth weights stabilized in the 2010s but have not increased (Martin et al. (dukeupress.edu)
  • Newborns (NB) are surviving with lower birth weights as a result of scientific and technological advances that have resulted in significant changes in obstetric and neonatal assistance 1 . (bvsalud.org)
Babies12
  • One study showed that pregnant people who can control gestational diabetes through their diet and whose babies are growing normally may be considered at low risk. (nct.org.uk)
  • While the mean birth weight of Caucasian babies in the Netherlands has increased the past decades, it is unknown if the mean birth weight of South Asian babies born in the Netherlands has increased or if the prevalence of low birth weight (LBW) or small-for-gestational-age (SGA) has decreased. (biomedcentral.com)
  • to investigate secular changes in mean birth weight and the prevalence of LBW and SGA in Surinamese South Asian babies, and 2. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In Surinamese South Asian babies from 1974 to 2009 no secular trend in mean birth weight and prevalence of LBW was found, whereas SGA prevalence decreased significantly. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Since 1974, although the mean birth weight of Surinamese South Asian babies remained unchanged, they gained a healthier weight for their gestational age. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The objectives of our study were firstly to determine if there are secular trends in birth weight and prevalence of LBW and SGA (based on universal and ethnic specific standards) in Surinamese South Asian babies born in the Netherlands, and secondly, to assess the differences in neonatal characteristics between Surinamese South Asian and Dutch babies born in 2006-2009, particularly the distributions of birth weight in both populations. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this group, mothers exposed to the highest levels of PM2.5 at four to 20 weeks delivered babies weighing 34 grams, or 1 ounce, less in birth weight and mothers exposed to highest PM10 at nine to 14 gestational weeks delivered babies weighing 39.4 grams less, on average. (news-medical.net)
  • Deny the introduction of post abortion fetal weight testimony as a measure of viability, evidence that would show beyond doubt that the babies were viable at the time of their abortions. (constantcontact.com)
  • While they determined gestational age, they failed to apply more than a blanket designation of non-viability to babies 24 weeks and under. (constantcontact.com)
  • Planned Parenthood is asking the court to prohibit testimony about post abortion fetal weights that could prove the babies were well beyond viability. (constantcontact.com)
  • Ninety (66.2%) of the babies within normal weight and six (85.7%) of macrosomic babies were correctly predicted. (bvsalud.org)
  • None of the low birth weight babies was correctly predicted by the formula. (bvsalud.org)
Significantly3
  • Results show that between 1990 and 2013, the likelihood of induced labors and cesarean deliveries increased at all gestational ages, and the gestational age distribution of U.S. births significantly shifted. (dukeupress.edu)
  • Exposures to particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide in early to mid-pregnancy are significantly associated with lower birth weight, researchers found. (news-medical.net)
  • Fetal survival was not significantly lower in any of the treatment groups compared to the negative control. (researchgate.net)
Live births1
Vaginal delivery4
  • Overall, nearly 18% of births from not-induced labor and vaginal delivery at later gestational ages were replaced with births occurring at earlier gestational ages from obstetric interventions. (dukeupress.edu)
  • Fetal macrosomia may complicate vaginal delivery and can put the baby at risk of injury during birth. (sparrow.org)
  • Fetal macrosomia can cause a baby to become wedged in the birth canal (shoulder dystocia), sustain birth injuries, or require the use of forceps or a vacuum device during delivery (operative vaginal delivery). (sparrow.org)
  • Operative Vaginal Delivery Operative vaginal delivery involves application of forceps or a vacuum extractor to the fetal head to assist during the 2nd stage of labor and facilitate delivery. (msdmanuals.com)
Small for8
  • With this definition, IUGR and "small for gestational age" are synonymous terms. (medscape.com)
  • Preeclampsia and small-for-gestational-age pregnancy are major causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. (nih.gov)
  • Past trials evaluating the effect of low-molecular-weight heparin for the prevention of recurrence of preeclampsia and small-for-gestational-age pregnancy have shown conflicting results with high levels of heterogeneity displayed when trials were compared. (nih.gov)
  • We sought to assess the effectiveness of enoxaparin in addition to high-risk care for the prevention of preeclampsia and small-for-gestational-age pregnancy in women with a history of these conditions. (nih.gov)
  • 16 +0 weeks if deemed to be at high risk of preeclampsia and/or small for gestational age based on their obstetric history. (nih.gov)
  • Insufficient gestational weight gain may increase the chance of spontaneous preterm delivery, and, as a consequence, birth of newborns small for gestational age (SGA). (scielosp.org)
  • To assess the effect of maternal vitamin D supplementation recommended by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) during pregnancy on the neonatal vitamin D status and the risk of small for gestational age (SGA). (medscape.com)
  • A meta-analysis of an observational study reinforced the association between vitamin D deficiency and the risk of small for gestational age (SGA). (medscape.com)
Metabolism1
  • The programming of blood pressure, insulin responses to glucose, cholesterol metabolism, blood coagulation, and hormonal settings are all areas of active research.The BMJ's recent editorial on the fetal origins hypothesis stated that it rests only on the "very general" proposition that fetal undernutrition causes coronary heart disease. (bmj.com)
Fetuses2
  • 2 Fetuses may be exposed to SARS-CoV-2 during critical periods of fetal development. (cmaj.ca)
  • In terms of weight, Pakistani fetuses were approximately 2.25% lighter at 20 weeks, 4.13% at 30 weeks and 5.94% at 40 weeks. (bl.uk)
Outcome2
  • The most frequently studied vessel in Doppler velocimetry is the umbilical artery because of its accessibility and association with fetal outcome. (medscape.com)
  • For the short-term outcome measures assessed in this study, the estimated fetal weight at the time of diagnosis is the most important prognostic factor in severe pre-eclampsia with some additional value of ductus venosus assessment. (nature.com)
0.0011
Infant1
Shoulder dystocia1
Obstetric3
  • We suggest that the declines were likely due to shifts in gestational age resulting from changes in obstetric practices. (dukeupress.edu)
  • We use simulation techniques to estimate counterfactual changes in birth weight distributions if obstetric practices did not change between 1990 and 2013. (dukeupress.edu)
  • Results suggest that if rates of obstetric practices had not changed between 1990 and 2013, then the average U.S. birth weight would have increased over this time. (dukeupress.edu)
Perinatal1
  • The big advances in perinatal care have resulted in longer survival of newborns with lower birth weight. (bvsalud.org)
Newborn2
  • The term "fetal macrosomia" is used to describe a newborn who's much larger than average. (sparrow.org)
  • [ 5 , 6 ] It is noteworthy that fetal and newborn concentrations of 25(OH)D depend on and correlate with maternal serum levels. (medscape.com)
Pregnant women2
  • The findings, published today in JAMA Network Open , suggest that protecting pregnant women from air pollution may improve birth weight, especially among stressed-out mothers living in environmentally burdened neighborhoods. (news-medical.net)
  • This study examined the quality of fetal diaphragmatic contractions in pregnant women complicated with GDM and PGDM. (biomedcentral.com)
Delivery5
Macrosomia18
Diabetes can cause1
  • Gestational diabetes can cause problems during pregnancy and after birth but the risks can be reduced if the condition is detected early and is managed. (nct.org.uk)
Trimester3
  • Body and organ weights increase at varying rates throughout the second trimester. (nih.gov)
  • The data correlate well with weights and measurements previously published for the latter half of the second trimester, and extend these reference ranges to encompass the entire second trimester. (nih.gov)
  • Fetal Development: The First Trimester. (healthunit.com)
Vivo2
  • Muscle glucose uptake and signaling were measured ex vivo in fetal ( n = 5-8/group) and juvenile ( n = 8/group) offspring. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • The aim of this study was to evaluate the sealing capability and tissue interaction of mussel-mimetic tissue adhesive (mussel glue) in comparison to fibrin glue on punctured fetal membranes in vivo. (researchgate.net)
Stillbirth1
  • Only one previous study, from the pre-HAART era, has evaluated the HIV status of stillbirths to determine whether acute fetal HIV infection is associated with stillbirth events [3] . (plos.org)
Adverse1
  • Background: Lithium is an effective treatment in pregnancy and postpartum for the prevention of relapse in bipolar disorder, but there is a lack of knowledge about the potential adverse impact on fetal development. (eur.nl)