• Most yeast ribosomal protein genes are duplicated and their characterization has led to hypotheses regarding the existence of specialized ribosomes with different subunit composition or specifically-tailored functions. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • In yeast, ribosomal protein genes are generally duplicated and evidence has emerged that paralogs might have specific roles. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • A growing number of human diseases have been linked to mutations in genes encoding factors involved in ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis [5] , [6] . (prolekarniky.cz)
  • EPL cells retain expression of pluripotency genes, upregulate primitive ectoderm markers, undergo a morphological change and have increased cell number. (bvsalud.org)
  • Our results revealed altogether 217 genes and 584 SNPs whose genomic alterations affect the transcriptome in the same cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our results revealed that in the human pluripotent stem cells, the expression values of several genes, transcripts and exons were affected due to the genomic variation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The conserved family of Transcription Intermediary Factors (TIF1) proteins consists of key transcriptional regulators that control transcription of target genes by modulating chromatin state. (elifesciences.org)
  • We investigated publicly available transcriptomic gut profiles of young germ-free mouse hosts transplanted with old donor gut microbiota to identify immune-associated differentially expressed genes (DEGs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • A total of 112 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and used to construct a gut network of encoded proteins, in which DEGs were functionally annotated as being involved in an immune process based on gene ontology. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Following this, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were included in Gene Ontology enrichment, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway, protein‑protein interaction network and survival analyses. (cancerindex.org)
  • The identified DEGs included 20 downregulated genes and 51 upregulated genes, which were highly associated with the cell cycle, organelle fission, chromosome segregation, cell division and spindle stability. (cancerindex.org)
  • The top 14 hub genes were subsequently confirmed by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction in ACC and adrenocortical adenoma samples. (cancerindex.org)
  • Recent evidence suggests that plakoglobin may suppress tumorigenesis and metastasis by multiple mechanisms, including the suppression of oncogenic signaling, interactions with various proteins involved in tumorigenesis and metastasis, and the regulation of the expression of genes involved in these processes. (oncotarget.com)
  • The multifunctional regulator nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) is considered not only as a cytoprotective factor regulating the expression of genes coding for anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and detoxifying proteins, but it is also a powerful modulator of species longevity. (springer.com)
  • The major characteristics of Nrf2 are to some extent mimicked by Nrf2-dependent genes and their proteins including heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which besides removing toxic heme, produces biliverdin, iron ions and carbon monoxide. (springer.com)
  • The discovery of the antioxidant response element (ARE) have led to the conclusion that the battery of genes, including glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), thioredoxin reductase 1 (Txnrd1), NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1) is regulated through Nrf2 binding to this consensus binding sequence [ 3 ]. (springer.com)
  • Nrf2 stabilization and increase in its half-life even to 200 min [ 9 ] allows nuclear translocation and activation of transcription of cytoprotective genes (Fig. 1 ). (springer.com)
  • In this study, we combined transcript profiling and proteomic analysis to better understand which genes and proteins are altered by opaque2 in the W64A inbred line. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The results of these studies revealed specific target genes that can be investigated to further improve nutritional quality and agronomic performance of high lysine maize lines, particularly those based on the presence of the opaque2 mutation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These regulators include canonical genes that control lipid metabolism as well as genes involved in ubiquitination, transcription, and mitochondrial function. (stanford.edu)
  • SL originally described a relationship between two genes, where alteration of either gene alone results in viable cells, but alteration (mutation, loss, or inhibition) of both genes simultaneously was lethal. (nature.com)
  • Because BRCA mutations are observed in fewer than 10% of cancer patients (cBioPortal: 6.7%) 11 , 12 , 13 the identification of additional genes that share synthetic lethal sensitivity relationships with mutated oncogenes or tumor suppressors would greatly enhance the implementation of tumor cell-specific synthetic lethal sensitivity to improve an anticancer therapeutic response. (nature.com)
  • Moreover, transcription factors and their target genes form vast interacting gene regulatory networks which can be exquisitely stable. (amegroups.org)
  • The production of terminally differentiated cells from such cells, therefore, requires successive changes of cell fates, meaning that genes relevant for the next stage of differentiation must be switched on and genes not relevant anymore must be switched off. (amegroups.org)
  • This mechanism also applies to hematopoietic cells transformed by other HOX genes, including CDX2, which is highly expressed in a majority of acute myeloid leukemias, thus providing a molecular approach based on GSK-3 inhibitory strategies to target HOX-associated transcription in a broad spectrum of leukemias. (stanford.edu)
  • Eukaryotic expression vectors containing genes encoding plant proteins for killing of cancer cells. (weeksmd.com)
  • consequently, genes encoding some of these proteins are being used to design constructs for the inhibition of multiplying cancer cells. (weeksmd.com)
  • Results: Data addressing the function of vectors harbouring genes specifically encoding ricin, saporin, lunasin , linamarase, and tomato thymidine kinase 1 under the control of different promoters are summarised here. (weeksmd.com)
  • While canonical histones H3.1 and H3.2 are synthetized and loaded during DNA replication, the histone variant H3.3 is expressed and deposited into the chromatin throughout the cell cycle. (aging-us.com)
  • Eukaryotic cells compact their large genome into highly ordered chromatin structures within the nucleus. (aging-us.com)
  • The dynamic nature of chromatin establishes the access to the genetic material and, as a consequence, influences a large number of biological processes, such as DNA replication, repair and transcription [ 1 , 2 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • Among these regulatory processes, core and linker histones are subjected to a large pattern of posttranslational modifications (PTMs) that influence chromatin state and DNA accessibility [ 4 - 7 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • Along with PTMs, the partial or complete disassembly of nucleosomes allows the exchange and degradation of pre-existing histone proteins, with the incorporation of newly synthesised histones onto chromatin that can eventually result in the resetting of previous epigenetic marks. (aging-us.com)
  • These dedicated proteins are generally known as histone chaperones and effectively control histone supply and chromatin dynamics [ 8 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • This complex process is regulated by the interplay of transcription factors with a chromatin environment, both of which provide the epigenetic information maintaining cell-type specific gene expression patterns. (amegroups.org)
  • In this review, we highlight the main signals and transcription factors and how they are integrated at the level of chromatin programming and gene expression control. (amegroups.org)
  • The activity of these elements is controlled by transcription factors (TFs) which bind to DNA wrapped into chromatin, leading to the modification of the chromatin landscape, and the assembly of the transcription machinery. (amegroups.org)
  • We investigated the presence of transposable elements (TEs) in open chromatin regions across all tissues, these included identifications of porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) exhibiting high accessibility in liver and homology of porcine specific virus sequences to universally accessible transposable elements. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our data provides a novel multi-tissues accessible chromatin landscape that serve as an important resource for interpreting regulatory sequences in tissue-specific and conserved biological functions, as well as regulatory variants of loci associated with complex traits in pigs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We are studying the role that normal chromatin structure plays in gene regulation in hematopoietic cells and how its disruption leads to altered development and cancer. (stanford.edu)
  • Here, using a CRISPRi screen targeting chromatin factors, we identified the nucleosome-remodeling factor (NURF) subunit BPTF as an essential regulator of AML cell survival. (x-mol.com)
  • Transposable elements are able to affect conserved and divergent chromatin looping and contribute to cell- and species-specific gene regulation [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The availability of multiple PAS in the same 3' regulatory region enables the inclusion or exclusion of 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) sequences, resulting in transcripts that may differ in particularities involving post-transcriptional processes such as stability, transport and translation ( Mayr, 2016 ), and even protein localization ( Berkovits and Mayr, 2015 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Analysis of neural, neural crest and placodal markers reveals that individual NPB cells co-express competing transcriptional programmes suggesting that their ultimate identify is not yet fixed. (bvsalud.org)
  • Together, our work identified Bonus as a regulator of tissue-specific gene expression and revealed the importance of SUMOylation as a regulator of complex formation in the context of transcriptional repression. (elifesciences.org)
  • Transcript levels of the androgen receptor (AR)-regulated gene Rhox5 were decreased at the end of the culture period, suggesting that testosterone production by Leydig cells and/or AR transcriptional activity was impaired in organotypic cultures ( 8 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • It is generally accepted that H3K27me3-enriched heterochromatin maintains transcriptional repression established during early development and regulates cell fate. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the developing embryo, TFs regulating the assembly/disassembly of transcriptional complexes and ultimately gene expression, are directed by complex extrinsic signalling processes which connect all cells within a multi-cellular organism to their environment. (amegroups.org)
  • These are frequently activated by fusion to other transcriptional proteins resulting in chimeric transcription factors. (stanford.edu)
  • We are studying the effects and consequences of protein fusion on the transcriptional and transforming activities of these proteins using in vitro and animal models. (stanford.edu)
  • We demonstrate here that GSK-3 maintains the MLL leukemia stem cell transcriptional program by promoting the conditional association of CREB and its coactivators TORC and CBP with homedomain protein MEIS1, a critical component of the MLL-subordinate program, which in turn facilitates HOX-mediated transcription and transformation. (stanford.edu)
  • Cellular identity is determined by the transcriptional profile which comprises the subset of mRNAs, and therefore proteins, being expressed by a cell at a given point in time. (silverchair.com)
  • Ectopic expression of vector-delivered transcription factors (particularly the triumvirate of Pdx1, Ngn3 and MafA) induces reprogramming through broad transcriptional remodelling. (silverchair.com)
  • Throughout evolution, eukaryotes adopted a network of highly conserved proteins that buffer the positive charges of histones, maintaining their solubility and, therefore, avoiding aberrant interactions with other cellular components. (aging-us.com)
  • Protein synthesis is a major energy consuming process involving intricate coordination of translation machinery in response to nutrient availability and stress sensing signals, as well as hormonal and growth factor cues in multi-cellular organisms. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • In particular, as RNA binding proteins, RPs have been found to bind cellular and viral RNAs outside of the context of the ribosome. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • Upon an electrochemical switch, growth factor presentation was reversed, which initiated cellular differentiation along the neuronal lineages. (5dok.org)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • Oxidative stress generated during such stressful conditions may damage DNA and proteins, and as a consequence the cellular processes are disturbed. (springer.com)
  • encoded by Nfe2l2 gene) is a transcription factor responsible for the regulation of cellular redox balance and protective antioxidant and phase II detoxification responses in mammals [ 1 , 2 ]. (springer.com)
  • Alternate forms of the PolII transcription initiation machinery have been proposed to play a role in selective activation of cell-type-specific gene expression programs during cellular differentiation. (silverchair.com)
  • Meiosis is a specialized cellular program required to create haploid gametes from diploid parent cells. (biorxiv.org)
  • Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation , and cell proliferation . (lookformedical.com)
  • Unlike other IFP proteins, vimentin is expressed, along with desmin, during the early stages of cellular development. (thermofisher.com)
  • Our studies have demonstrated that several of the proteins encoded by cellular oncogenes function in fundamental aspects of gene regulation. (stanford.edu)
  • Transdifferentiation is a type of cellular reprogramming involving the conversion of one differentiated cell type to another. (silverchair.com)
  • Both transcription factor-based reprogramming and directed differentiation approaches ultimately exploit transcription factors to influence cellular identity. (silverchair.com)
  • Here, we discuss how transcription factors, and their unique position as the gatekeepers of cellular identity, are exploited in cell reprogramming protocols by exploring work focusing on one reprogramming paradigm - the transdifferentiation of hepatocytes to pancreatic beta cells (β-cell). (silverchair.com)
  • Cellular and organismal metabolisms have been shown to directly instruct epigenetic alterations, and thereby dictate stem cell fate, in the bone marrow. (x-mol.com)
  • Binding of neural cell adhesion molecules (N-CAMs) to the cellular prion protein. (academicinfluence.com)
  • Colorectal cancer Core tip: MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a key class of gene ex-pression regulators, have emerged as crucial players in various biological processes such as cellular prolifera-tion and differentiaprolifera-tion, development and apoptosis. (123dok.net)
  • The effector of Rev with the phagosome vitamin and the other blood of Rev-associated HIV-1 hormone installer has Ran-GTP. (evakoch.com)
  • Furthermore, GSOs protected cells against GLU-induced apoptosis by reducing the expression of the mitochondrial apoptosis-associated Bcl-2 family effector proteins and protected cells from GLU-induced oxidative damage by increasing the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and HO-1 expression. (sdbonline.org)
  • The analysis revealed a 25-gene signature of immune-associated DEGs and their expression profile was positively correlated with naïve T-cell, effector memory T-cell, central memory T-cell, resident memory T-cell, exhausted T-cell, resting Treg T-cell, effector Treg T-cell and Th1-like colorectal gene signatures. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Multiple centrosomes enhance migration and immune cell effector functions of mature dendritic cells. (cuni.cz)
  • Elucidating the function of the mutated gene, ALMS1 , is critical for the development of specific treatments and may uncover pathways relevant to a range of other disorders including common forms of obesity and type 2 diabetes. (springer.com)
  • Here, we use a factorial experimental design coupled with statistical modelling to understand which signalling pathways are involved in the transition between ESCs and EPL cells, and how they underpin changes in morphology, cell number, apoptosis, proliferation and gene expression. (bvsalud.org)
  • Our research focuses on developmental pathways that regulate hematopoietic cell growth and differentiation and are disrupted in the course of neoplastic transformation, particularly in leukemias and lymphomas. (stanford.edu)
  • Increasingly, complimentary cell culture techniques, which recapitulate the developmental microenvironment, are employed to coax cells to adopt new identities by indirectly regulating transcription factor activity via intracellular signalling pathways. (silverchair.com)
  • These compounds generally penetrate cell membranes, act on specific target proteins in cells, regulate intracellular signaling pathways, and cause some changes in cell phenotype. (chemscene.com)
  • The levels of catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) were measured in PC12 cells and Drosophila brain tissue. (sdbonline.org)
  • GSOs also mitigated the deleterious effects of GLU on the mitochondrial membrane potential and Cyt C release, thus alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction, and increased GSH levels and CAT activity in both cells and Drosophila brain tissue. (sdbonline.org)
  • In Drosophila with depleted RACK1 in all muscle cells or, specifically, in SC lineage resulted in a delayed recovery of skeletal muscle after physical damage as well as the low presence of active SC in the wound area. (sdbonline.org)
  • This study aims to understand the function and mechanism of Drosophila Glycine N-acyltransferase (GLYAT) in cell invasion. (sdbonline.org)
  • In vertebrates this subfamily contains four proteins: TIF1α/TRIM24, TIF1β/TRIM28, TIF1γ/TRIM33, and TIF1δ/TRIM66, while only one protein, Bonus (Bon), is present in Drosophila , making it an attractive model to understand the conserved functions of TIF1 proteins. (elifesciences.org)
  • Male germ cell development in Drosophila is dependent on the close contact of the germ cells with the surrounding somatic cyst cells. (biologists.com)
  • First identified in Drosophila, the conserved Polycomb group (Pc-G) protein complexes were shown to be both writers (Polycomb Repressive Complex 2, PRC2) and readers (Polycomb Repressive Complex 1, PRC1) of H3K27me3 [ 19 , 20 , 21 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • At actin there allow mainly specific NPs, far the host of complexes signalling Nursing Council pathway is to be. (evakoch.com)
  • However, mechanistic details are lacking, and recent studies have implicated ALMS1 in several processes including endosomal trafficking, actin organisation, maintenance of centrosome cohesion and transcription. (springer.com)
  • On the cover: Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neuroepithelial-like stem cells stained for actin (green) and DNA (blue). (5dok.org)
  • At the adherens junction in epithelia, the C-terminal domain of E-cadherin interacts, in a mutually exclusive manner, with β-catenin or γ-catenin (plakoglobin), which then interacts with α-catenin, an actin-binding protein. (oncotarget.com)
  • Keap1 is a cysteine-rich protein, known to be anchored to actin cytoskeleton [ 5 ], serving as an adaptor protein for the Cul3-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. (springer.com)
  • These attachment sites are linked to actin-bundles that surround the nucleus via an Ndj1-Mps3-Csm4 protein bridge that spans the inner and outer nuclear membranes. (biorxiv.org)
  • How cells generate these actin-mediated protrusions to span lengths beyond those attainable by canonical filopodia remains unknown. (x-mol.com)
  • Extracellular vesicle DNA from human melanoma tissues contains cancer-specific mutations. (gu.se)
  • The organotypic culture procedure, which preserves testicular tissue architecture, microenvironment and cell interactions, has been used successfully to obtain spermatozoa from fresh or frozen/thawed mouse prepubertal testicular tissues ( 3 - 6 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • In addition to temporal changes in growth factor presentation, mechanical stiffness of tissues is also dynamically altered over time. (5dok.org)
  • Epithelial tissues cover the surface of the body and line the internal cavities [ 1 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • The structural integrity of these tissues requires extensive cell-cell adhesion and interactions mediated by the adhesive junctional complexes consisting of the adherens junctions and desmosomes [ 2 - 5 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • Because most tumors are deficient in one or more aspects of the function of the p53 tumor suppressor, either as a consequence of mutations within p53, or impairment of upstream and downstream modulators of p53 activity 19 , targeting MK2 has the potential to selectively enhance tumor cell killing without increasing the genotoxic effects of chemotherapy on normal p53-wild type tissues. (nature.com)
  • This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth. (lookformedical.com)
  • Cytotactin, an extracellular matrix protein of neural and non-neural tissues that mediates glia-neuron interaction. (academicinfluence.com)
  • Epigenetic regulation of gene expression is an essential mechanism that guides cell differentiation during development. (elifesciences.org)
  • Within this cyst, germ cells synchronously go through the mitotic amplification phase, growth phase, meiosis and through differentiation until individualization. (biologists.com)
  • hCG was insufficient to facilitate Leydig cell differentiation, restore steroidogenesis and improve sperm yield. (elifesciences.org)
  • The evidence that the culture of testicular fragments of 6.5-day-old mouse testes does not allow optimal differentiation of steroidogenic cells is compelling and should enable further optimizations in the future. (elifesciences.org)
  • In contrast, the 'facultative' heterochromatin corresponds to the deposition of H3K27me3 on gene-rich regions, whose silencing is transient and dynamic across developmental processes, allowing cell type-specific differentiation and rapid adaptation of gene expression [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The development of the hematopoietic system has long served as model to understand how changes in gene regulatory networks drive the differentiation of the various blood cell types. (amegroups.org)
  • Here, we explore the evolution of reprogramming and directed differentiation approaches within the context of hepatocyte to β-cell transdifferentiation focussing on how the introduction of new techniques has improved our ability to generate β-cells. (silverchair.com)
  • As scaffolding molecules, they significantly regulate the DNA packaging into the nucleus of all eukaryotic cells. (aging-us.com)
  • dGLYAT was found to regulate Gadd45 -mediated JNK pathway activation and cell invasion. (sdbonline.org)
  • Upon binding of their respective ligands and activation, intracellular signalling cascades, often involving phophorylation are induced which eventually terminate at inducible TFs and regulate their activity. (amegroups.org)
  • 1) Characterize novel families of oncoproteins (Pbx and Meis) that dimerize with and regulate the DNA binding properties of Hox proteins. (stanford.edu)
  • Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
  • The intra- and intertumor heterogeneity of cell types and gene mutations as well as the complexity of the microenvironment contribute to limiting the efficacy of the current therapeutic options for high grade glioma. (mdpi.com)
  • Targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology detects specific mutations that can provide treatment opportunities for colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. (preprints.org)
  • To directly assess the functional effects of these mutations, site-directed mutant receptors were transiently expressed in CHO-K1 cells and cAMP accumulation stimulated by recombinant eelLH (rec-eelLH) was measured by homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence (HTRF) assays. (preprints.org)
  • The amino acid L-proline exhibits growth factor-like properties during development - from improving blastocyst development to driving neurogenesis in vitro. (bvsalud.org)
  • These mechanisms underpin progression of stem cells across the in vitro pluripotency continuum and serve as a model for pre-, peri- and post-implantation embryogenesis. (bvsalud.org)
  • In vitro spermatogenesis could indeed be proposed to patients with testicular localization of residual tumor cells, for whom testicular tissue autografting is not indicated (about 30% of patients with acute leukemia). (elifesciences.org)
  • Using biologically relevant elastic substrates to study cell function in vitro has proven beneficial, as the in vivo microenvironment usually is much softer than rigid plastic dishes. (5dok.org)
  • Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. (lookformedical.com)
  • Chollangi T, Clabault H, Thibeault A, Yong HE, Narula S, Menkhorst E, Sanderson JT, Vaillancourt C, Murthi P (2018) An electrical impedance-based assay to examine functions of various placental cell types in vitro. (hudson.org.au)
  • In addition, NK cells stimulated with lunasin plus cytokines displayed higher tumoricidal activity than those stimulated with cytokines alone using in vitro and in vivo tumor models. (weeksmd.com)
  • It is believed to be involved with the intracellular transport of proteins between the nucleus and plasma membrane. (thermofisher.com)
  • The stimulus for the change of cell fate originates from extrinsic signals which set a cascade of intracellular processes in motion that eventually terminate at the genome leading to changes in gene expression and the development of alternate gene regulatory networks. (amegroups.org)
  • We also highlight recent studies identifying the cis -regulatory elements such as enhancers at the global level and explain how their developmental activity is regulated by the cooperation of cell-type specific and ubiquitous transcription factors with extrinsic signals. (amegroups.org)
  • We revealed tissue-specific regulatory elements which were associated with tissue-relevant biological functions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • During the last decades, remarkable progress has been made in further understanding the complex molecular regulatory networks that maintain hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function. (x-mol.com)
  • In this context, regulatory T cells (Tregs) hold a key role in balancing immune homeostasis and mediating cutaneous wound healing. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a pivotal role in this context. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Generation and characterization of human U-2 OS cell lines with the CRISPR/Cas9-edited protoporphyrinogen oxidase IX gene. (cuni.cz)
  • Chemical characterization of a neural cell adhesion molecule purified from embryonic brain membranes. (academicinfluence.com)
  • Purification and characterization of a cell adhesion molecule from neural retina. (academicinfluence.com)
  • Histones are evolutionarily conserved DNA-binding proteins. (aging-us.com)
  • Collectively, this study provides the first evidence that transient levels of the evolutionarily conserved factor RACK1 are critical for adult SC activation and proper skeletal muscle regeneration, favoring the efficient progression of SC from a committed to a fully differentiated state. (sdbonline.org)
  • This signaling pathway is a highly conserved cell-to-cell communication system that regulates cell fate in development and disease. (5dok.org)
  • Finally, we showed that Bonus SUMOylation is mediated by the SUMO E3-ligase Su(var)2-10, revealing that although SUMOylation of TIF1 proteins is conserved between insects and mammals, both the mechanism and specific site of modification is different in the two taxa. (elifesciences.org)
  • The underlying mechanism for rebalancing amino acid content for both o2 and RNAi is unclear, although it depends on reduced synthesis of the zein storage proteins and a compensatory increase in non-zein protein content [ 17 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Structurally derived universal mechanism for the catalytic cycle of the tail-anchored targeting factor Get3. (cuni.cz)
  • These findings establish a mechanism for co-targeting DNA damage-induced cell cycle checkpoints in combination with repair of cisplatin-DNA lesions in vivo using RNAi nanocarriers, and motivate further exploration of ASL as a generalized strategy to improve cancer treatment. (nature.com)
  • Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. (lookformedical.com)
  • The underlying mechanism responsible for the effects of lunasin on NK cells is likely due to epigenetic modulation on target gene loci. (weeksmd.com)
  • In addition, after transcription, a wide array of RNA-binding proteins interacts with cis -acting elements located mainly in the 3' untranslated region, determining the fate of mRNAs in eukaryotic cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Addition of 400â µM L-proline to self-renewal medium drives naïve mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to early primitive ectoderm-like (EPL) cells - a transcriptionally distinct primed or partially primed pluripotent state. (bvsalud.org)
  • We studied human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) measuring the SNPs and CNVs with Affymetrix SNP 6 microarrays and expression values with Affymetrix Exon microarrays. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The identification of key master regulator transcription factors (which distinguish one body part from another) during embryonic development has been central in developing transdifferentiation protocols. (silverchair.com)
  • Kinetics of homophilic binding by embryonic and adult forms of the neural cell adhesion molecule. (academicinfluence.com)
  • This study demonstrated that the Receptor for Activated C-Kinase 1 (RACK1) is important in SC function. (sdbonline.org)
  • In response to DNA damage, a synthetic lethal relationship exists between the cell cycle checkpoint kinase MK2 and the tumor suppressor p53. (nature.com)
  • Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. (lookformedical.com)
  • for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway. (lookformedical.com)
  • A protein-serine-threonine kinase that is activated by PHOSPHORYLATION in response to GROWTH FACTORS or INSULIN. (lookformedical.com)
  • Vimentin phosphorylation by a protein kinase causes the breakdown of intermediate filaments and activation of an ATP and myosin light chain dependent contractile event. (thermofisher.com)
  • ITCH Phosphorylation p39 loss-of-function MAP2K1( visually activated as MEK1) is a single proneurotrophin and size concept binding that is and appears MAPK3( ERK1)( Ohren et al. (evakoch.com)
  • high bacteria are as proteins of pathway ATM rise, either as acids for greenhouse initiation or for the dehydrogenase of binding eIF2 disorders. (evakoch.com)
  • After vascular complex pathway is caused on a Electrical snRNP, MAML( other) radicals direct in brain with cyclin C, including protein of followed high-affinity ligands in TAD and PEST cilia of NICD1 by CDK8. (evakoch.com)
  • Firstly, loss of dGLYAT suppressed scrib depletion- or Egr overexpression-induced JNK pathway activation and invasive cell migration. (sdbonline.org)
  • In ciliated cells, including bovine and Xenopus laevis rod photoreceptors, P/rds was robustly sensitive to endoglycosidase H, which is consistent with its bypassing the medial Golgi and traversing the unconventional secretory pathway. (jneurosci.org)
  • Most plasma membrane proteins are sorted by the trans -Golgi network (TGN) in the conventional secretory pathway. (jneurosci.org)
  • We propose an opportunity to target the cancer cell/microenvironment interface instead of the Notch pathway itself in the development of cancer therapies. (5dok.org)
  • Eph/ephrin signaling is a cell-to-cell communication pathway, which regulates cell migration and proliferation. (5dok.org)
  • The vast majority of proteins entering the secretory pathway are synthesized on ribosomes docked at ER translocons and are co-transationally translocated into the ER lumen. (stanford.edu)
  • This highly complex 'protein biogenesis' process is assisted by a diverse network of folding catalysts and protein-modifying enzymes and is scrutinized by molecular chaperones and other 'quality control' factors which ensure that only correctly folded and assembled proteins exit the ER and proceed to distal compartments of the secretory pathway. (stanford.edu)
  • Our goal is to elucidate the functional networks that coordinate protein synthesis and quality control in the early secretory pathway. (stanford.edu)
  • Therefore, compared to normal p53-proficient cells, p53-defective cells are more reliant on MK2 activity, which drives an alternative cell cycle checkpoint pathway that stabilizes the CKI inhibitors p27 Kip1 and Gadd45α in order to maintain G 1 /S and G 2 /M arrest after certain types of DNA damage 16 , 18 . (nature.com)
  • Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. (lookformedical.com)
  • neighboring Expression represses to underlie identified by the oxidoreductase of Rev with importin-beta and B23 and signaling at the Syndecan transcription through proteases between acts and hours. (evakoch.com)
  • Mechanistically, Rpl22 regulates Rpl22l1 directly by binding to an internal hairpin structure and repressing its expression. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • In addition, interventions leading to reduced translation, such as dietary restriction and reduced 60S ribosomal protein expression, elicits lifespan extension in yeast, worms and files [10] - [13] . (prolekarniky.cz)
  • Several genome-wide studies have reported genomic variants that correlate with gene expression levels in various tissue and cell types. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These traits can be the consequences of alterations that are directly changing the protein function, or they can emerge after several gene expression regulation steps, caused for example by alternative splicing or methylation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The compact architecture of heterochromatin limits the accessibility of the transcription machinery to the embedded DNA, thereby silencing gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here, we leverage a set of genome-edited human PLIN2 reporter cell lines in a series of CRISPR-Cas9 loss-of-function screens, identifying genetic modifiers that influence PLIN2 expression and post-translational stability under different metabolic conditions and in different cell types. (stanford.edu)
  • Lyons VG, Payne NL, McCoy CE (2018) Optimization techniques for miRNA expression in low frequency immune cell populations. (hudson.org.au)
  • HIV-1 Tat can be an essential protein in the computer virus life cycle, which is required for computer virus gene expression and replication. (tech-strategy.org)
  • We examine how transdifferentiation protocols are evolving to ever more faithfully recapitulate normal developmental biology using increasingly sophisticated biomimetic techniques and ectopic transcription factor expression. (silverchair.com)
  • How Reliable Are Gene Expression-Based and Immunohistochemical Biomarkers Assessed on a Core-Needle Biopsy? (lu.se)
  • The assembly and stability of the RNA polymerase II transcription pre-initiation complex on a eukaryotic core promoter involve the effects of TFIIA on the interaction between TATA-binding protein (TBP) and DNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • Given the considerable stability of the nucleosome, eukaryotic cells employ a staggering array of interconnected molecular mechanisms that locally modify the electrostatic interaction between the highly basic histones and the negatively charged DNA molecules. (aging-us.com)
  • Nrf2 is a master eukaryotic redox-active factor and belongs to Cap 'n' Collar (Cnc)-bZIP (basic leucine zipper) family of transcription factors. (springer.com)
  • Understanding the molecular basis of AS is critical for the development of specific therapies. (springer.com)
  • Members of the institute have published in a wide range of peer-reviewed journals, including Nature, Molecular Cell, Angewandte Chemie, JACS, Science Advances, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, Nucleic Acids Research, Chemical Science and many others. (le.ac.uk)
  • The Kopito laboratory seeks a molecular understanding of how cells maintain the fidelity of their proteomes. (stanford.edu)
  • In addition to these basic issues concerning leukemia pathogenesis, we are devising new diagnostic procedures for detecting and monitoring leukemia patients based on molecular genetic abnormalities in the malignant cells. (stanford.edu)
  • Cell adhesion molecules: implications for a molecular histology. (academicinfluence.com)
  • Cell adhesion and the molecular processes of morphogenesis. (academicinfluence.com)
  • Together these subunits facilitate peptide bond formation, performing different roles during translation. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • A cell-penetrant peptide blocking C9ORF72-repeat RNA nuclear export reduces the neurotoxic effects of dipeptide repeat proteins. (le.ac.uk)
  • One such peptide, Lunasin , has been shown to selectively act on newly transformed cells while having no cytotoxic effect on non-tumorigenic or established cancer cell lines. (weeksmd.com)
  • With the goal of further improving cytokine-based immunotherapy, we examined the effects of a soybean peptide called lunasin that synergistically works with cytokines on natural killer (NK) cells. (weeksmd.com)
  • This gene is localized to chromosome 20 and has pseudogenes which reside on chromosomes 1 and 22. (cancerindex.org)
  • Table 1 provides a summary outline of the gene symbols, chromosomal locations, radiation sensitivity characteristics, immunodeficiencies, chromosome breakage characteristics, and major cancer risk for each of these disorders. (medscape.com)
  • Matters of (A) Compact disc3+, (B) Compact disc8+, and (C) PD-1+ (designed cell-death protein 1) stromal cells. (tech-strategy.org)
  • Mechanisms regulating cardiomyocyte cell cycle arrest are of great interest partly because reversing this process could provide a way to stimulate cardiac regeneration after injury [ 17 ]. (springer.com)
  • While much is known about biochemical signaling, many of the mechanisms that drive cell outcome in response to biophysical influences remain to be uncovered. (5dok.org)
  • However, the exact mechanisms by which it improves protein quality and creates a soft endosperm texture are unclear. (biomedcentral.com)
  • One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). (lookformedical.com)
  • Specifically, the timely orchestration of pro- and anti-inflammatory responses, based on the activation and inhibition of various cell types, such as tissue-resident cells and different types of immune cells, can significantly impact wound repair [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cadherins are single-pass transmembrane glycoproteins that form homotypic interactions with cadherin proteins on neighboring cells and interact intracellularly with proteins of the catenin family [ 4 , 5 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • In download Dopamine in the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Schizophrenia: to find the place of here shown early ligands, Rev clusters between the synthesis and storage-inducing resulting body homodimer protein proteins( suggested in Li et al. (evakoch.com)
  • Ribosome synthesis is a highly controlled process, whereby three distinct RNA polymerases are synchronously coordinated to produce equimolar amounts of four rRNAs and 79 mammalian ribosomal proteins (RPs) [1] - [4] . (prolekarniky.cz)
  • The substantial reduction in synthesis of α-zeins results in smaller, less numerous protein bodies and a concomitant increase in non-zein endosperm proteins [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Reduced synthesis of the lysine-poor zein proteins and compensatory increases in other proteins dramatically improves the nutritional quality of the grain. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology 10, 242 (2022). (cuni.cz)
  • However, all developmental processes originate from pluripotent precursor cell types. (amegroups.org)
  • As of January 1, 2022, Oncotarget has shifted to a continuous publishing model. (oncotarget.com)
  • Nature Immunology , 1-9 (2022). (cuni.cz)
  • Translational Psychiatry 12, 1-13 (2022). (cuni.cz)
  • BMC Biology 20, 1-16 (2022). (cuni.cz)
  • Nature Communications 13, 1-17 (2022). (cuni.cz)
  • Journal of Cell Biology 221 (2022). (cuni.cz)
  • How plakoglobin acts as a growth/metastasis inhibitory protein has remained, until recently, unclear. (oncotarget.com)
  • During the development process, vimentin is exchanged for new, tissue-specific IFPs. (thermofisher.com)
  • Cell damage was assessed using MTT assays, and the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release rate and flow cytometry were used to detect the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential respectively. (sdbonline.org)
  • TJs appear as apparent sites of fusion involving the leaflets of plasma membrane of adjacent endothelial cells. (hindawi.com)
  • Membrane proteins must be threaded co-translocationally into the lipid bilayer to become membrane-integrated, often with complex topologies and typically form hetero- or homo- oligomers. (stanford.edu)
  • Resolved proteins were then transferred onto a nitrocellulose membrane (Product # IB23001) by iBlot® 2 Dry Blotting System (Product # IB21001). (thermofisher.com)
  • CMTM4 is a subunit of the IL-17 receptor and mediates autoimmune pathology. (cuni.cz)
  • Cell-to-cell signalling is induced by specific ligands such as growth factors which activate their cognate receptor molecules. (amegroups.org)
  • An RNAi construct selectively driven in cyst cells leads to male sterility, demonstrating the necessity of noa function for male germline development and the interaction of the somatic cyst cells with the developing sperm. (biologists.com)
  • C: Tumor either Stage IA or Stage IB, but with tumor on the surface of one or both ovaries, or with capsule ruptured, or with ascites containing malignant cells or with positive peritoneal washings. (medscape.com)
  • or ascites present containing malignant cells or with positive peritoneal washings. (medscape.com)
  • A worldwide database analysis revealed that younger age, smaller tumor size, early stage, and granulosa cell tumor histologic type appear to be independent prognostic factors for improved survival in patients with malignant sex cord-stromal tumors who undergo lymph node dissection. (medscape.com)
  • Numerous vectors have been engineered for the sole purpose of killing cancer cells, and some have successfully suppressed malignant tumours. (weeksmd.com)
  • The risk is increased 1000-fold for squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma, and fibrosarcoma and is increased 10-fold to 20-fold for other tumors. (medscape.com)
  • Immune Infiltrate in Primary Tumor All immune cell phenotypes were detected in the stromal area of BGJ398 inhibition the primary tumor in a higher fraction compared to the intratumoral area. (tech-strategy.org)
  • A high intratumoral density ( BGJ398 inhibition 88 matters/mm2) of Compact disc8+ cells was mostly observed in old sufferers ( 62 years, 78%, = 0.037). (tech-strategy.org)
  • Open up in BGJ398 inhibition another window Body 2 Scatter plots evaluating immune system cell phenotypes between major tumor as well as the matching peritoneal lesion. (tech-strategy.org)
  • HO-1 and their products exert beneficial effects through the protection against oxidative injury, regulation of apoptosis, modulation of inflammation as well as contribution to angiogenesis. (springer.com)
  • Tunnelling nanotubes (TNTs) connect distant cells and mediate cargo transfer for intercellular communication in physiological and pathological contexts. (x-mol.com)
  • MTT colorimetric assays, colony formation assays and 5‑ethynyl‑20‑deoxyuridine incorporation assays were also conducted to evaluate ACC cell proliferation. (cancerindex.org)
  • The axonemal site of NOTCH1 and the collagen Ligand-binding WD40 cell of 40kDa are different benefits of pumps in accumulation epithelial Endoplasmic development - T-ALL( Welcker and Clurman 2008). (evakoch.com)
  • B) PD-L1 (programmed cell-death ligand 1) appearance has been somewhat higher in peritoneum. (tech-strategy.org)
  • The cAMP response in cells expressing eelLHR wild-type (eLHR-WT) increased in a dose-dependent manner with rec-eelLH ligand stimulation. (preprints.org)
  • A single germ cell, a spermatogonium, becomes enclosed by two somatic cyst cells, thus forming a cyst. (biologists.com)
  • Unlike yeast, most mammalian ribosomal proteins are thought to be encoded by a single gene copy, raising the possibility that heterogenous populations of ribosomes are unique to yeast. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • Three isoforms have been described in mammalian cells. (lookformedical.com)
  • The mammalian skin consists of three main layers: the epidermis, the dermis, and the subcutaneous tissue, including the fascia (Fig. 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Tight junctions (TJs) are present between the cerebral endothelial cells and serve the function of limiting the paracellular flux of molecules across the BBB. (hindawi.com)
  • Cell adhesion molecules. (academicinfluence.com)
  • Cell adhesion molecules in the regulation of animal form and tissue pattern. (academicinfluence.com)
  • Cell adhesion molecules in early chicken embryogenesis. (academicinfluence.com)
  • Here we have investigated biophysical regulation of cell function. (5dok.org)
  • Plakoglobin is a component of both the adherens junctions and desmosomes, and therefore plays a vital role in the regulation of cell-cell adhesion. (oncotarget.com)
  • Some gut microbiota products may trigger alpha-synuclein conformational changes in the neurons of the enteric nervous system, which can then spread to the brain in a prion-like fashion through the vagus nerve. (techscience.com)
  • Fluorescent probes for conformational states of proteins. (academicinfluence.com)
  • However, these experiments conducted at tissue level raise seemingly contradictory models for fate allocation of individual cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • This population of 'border located undecided progenitors' (BLUPs) gradually diminishes as cell fate decisions take place. (bvsalud.org)
  • Considering our findings, we propose a probabilistic model for cell fate choice at the neural plate border. (bvsalud.org)
  • Accordingly, H3K9me3-dependent heterochromatin is considered as a barrier to cell fate changes, by preventing some transcription factors to bind DNA [ 18 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 1999), binding in the estrogen of the fatty proteoglycan of NOTCH2, NICD2, into the initiation. (evakoch.com)
  • Pediatric cancer treatments such as chemotherapy have recognized toxicity on germline stem cells, which could lead to infertility at adulthood ( 1 , 2 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • Osei P, Northcote-Smith J, Fang J, Singh K, Ortu F, Suntharalingam K . The Bulk Breast Cancer Cell and Breast Cancer Stem Cell Activity of Bi-nuclear Copper(II)-Phenanthroline Complexes. (le.ac.uk)
  • In line with a more complex picture, multiple isoforms of the protein likely exist and non-centrosomal sites of localisation have been reported. (springer.com)
  • This gene encodes a germ cell-specific counterpart of the large (alpha/beta) subunit of general transcription factor TFIIA that is able to stabilize the binding of TBP to DNA and may be uniquely important to testis biology. (wikipedia.org)
  • Table 2 Density and spatial distribution of immune cell phenotypes in different lesions of ovarian cancer. (tech-strategy.org)
  • In interaction with other non-immune cells, such immune cell subsets ensure the functionality and integrity of the skin layers [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Env into dendritic cells by anti-Tat antibodies, which were cross-clade binding and neutralizing. (tech-strategy.org)
  • In most organisms, the opened euchromatin is enriched in tri-methylation of lysine 4 and lysine 36 (H3K4me3 and H3K36me3), two concomitant modifications associated with active transcription [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These analyses showed that the accumulation of some lysine-rich proteins, such as sorbitol dehydrogenase and glyceraldehyde3-phosphate dehydrogenase, was increased in mature kernels and may contribute substantially to the lysine content of opaque2 endosperm. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Maize protein is deficient in the essential amino acids lysine and tryptophan, which limits its value for monogastric animals. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These changes in protein accumulation result in an endosperm that has nearly twice the lysine and tryptophan content of wild-type maize [ 3 ], which substantially improves its value for monogastric animals [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Proteins synthesized at the ER are subject to covalent modifications that include N- and O-glycosylation, disulfide bond formation, and in some cases, proline and lysine hydroxylation. (stanford.edu)
  • Stem Cells Dev. (wikipedia.org)
  • Skeletal muscle growth and regeneration involves the activity of resident adult stem cells, namely satellite cells (SC). (sdbonline.org)
  • 3) We are defining the properties of cancer stem cells that initiate and sustain the unique disease features of acute leukemias through the use of various adoptive animal models. (stanford.edu)
  • The survival analysis is then used for making inferences about the effects of treatments, prognostic factors, exposures, and other covariates on the function. (lookformedical.com)
  • Histones are subjected to a variety of post-translational covalent modifications [ 1 ] that may impact the overall degree of packing of the genome. (biomedcentral.com)