Genomic hepatitis a virus. Medical search. Frequent questions

Polymorphisms in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and non-MHC genes were recently reported to be associated with persistent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and host response to hepatitis B vaccine in Asian populations. (nih.gov)
These outbreaks highlight the role of hepatitis B surveillance in detecting disease outbreaks and the need for a comprehensive strategy to prevent HBV transmission in ALFs, including vaccination, improved infection control oversight at ALFs, appropriate training of staff members performing AMBG, and prompt investigation of acute HBV infections. (cdc.gov)
Full HBV genomic sequencing was successful for isolates from three acute cases and four of the residents found to have chronic infection at screening. (cdc.gov)
Cutaneous symptoms or findings relevant to hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection manifest in 20-40% of patients presenting to dermatologists and in a significant percentage (15-20%) of general patients. (medscape.com)
It is evident in up to half of patients with chronic hepatitis C infection. (medscape.com)
Treatment of patients with extrahepatic dermatologic manifestations of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the same as that of HCV infective state and the customary treatments of the individual conditions. (medscape.com)
Malignant conditions may even disappear with effective therapy for the underlying chronic hepatitis C infection. (medscape.com)
Oral lactoferrin prevents body weight loss and increases cytokine responses during herpes simplex virus type 1 infection of mice. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Chronic infection with viral hepatitis affects half a billion individuals worldwide and can lead to cirrhosis, cancer, and liver failure. (wjgnet.com)
Hepatitis E Infection in a Longitudinal Cohort of HCV and HCV/HIV Coinfected Persons. (uc.edu)
The receptor for mouse hepatitis virus in the resistant mouse strain SJL is functional: implications for the requirement of a second factor for viral infection. (uci.edu)
Thus, the incidence of infection with these five viruses is generally lowest in industrialized and developed countries and highest in less-developed regions. (nationalacademies.org)
Using whole genomic sequencing, scientists from RIKEN in Japan have for the first time demonstrated the profound effect that chronic hepatitis infection and inflammation can have on the genetic mutations found in tumors of the liver, potentially paving the way to a better understanding of the mechanisms through which these chronic infections can lead to cancer. (scienceblog.com)
Primary liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide, and recent studies have shown that particularly in Asia, infection with either hepatitis B or C is often associated with such cancers. (scienceblog.com)
RIKEN is responsible for a project to study liver cancer associated with virus infection. (scienceblog.com)
The main risk factors for HCC include alcohol, tobacco, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and hepatitis B and C viruses, and an increase in incidence is anticipated due to the rise in hepatitis C infection corresponding to the opioid epidemic. (ajmc.com)
ABSTRACT Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is widespread in Egypt. (who.int)
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is expertise to perform. (who.int)
2 ). HCV infection is often further pare HCV-RNA quantification with The institutional review board of the complicated by underlying hepatitis B HCVcAg presence and quantification National Hepatology and Tropical and Shistosoma mansoni co-infection. (who.int)
The virus is an emerging infectious agent causing acute human infection worldwide. (biomedcentral.com)
According to World Health Organisation (WHO) report [ 11 ], there are an estimated 20 million HEV infections worldwide, leading to an estimated 3.3 million symptomatic cases of hepatitis E infection. (biomedcentral.com)
Although Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection has significant negative impact on the health and wellbeing of underprivileged populations, the burden of HEV in Ghana is still unclear, despite widespread water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) related conditions that predispose people to the risk of infection. (biomedcentral.com)
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is recognised as one of the primary causes of acute viral hepatitis in humans worldwide [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In the past biennium, working groups have concluded that there is sufficient evidence to classify infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1), human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV-1), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and the Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus 8 as carcinogenic to humans (IARC 0RQRJUDSKV, Vol. 67 and 70). (who.int)
Chronic liver diseases and Hepatitis B (HBV) infection are considered as major factors for the HCC tumorigenesis [ 3 ]. (jcancer.org)
Infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) represents the major cause of liver disease, affecting more than 170 million individuals worldwide. (biomedcentral.com)
2 Of the several risk factors, chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the most important, being associated with approximately 54% of HCC cases worldwide 3 and 62.2% of HCC cases in Korea. (e-jlc.org)
Robust hepatitis C virus infection in vitro. (virology.com.cn)
His only history was of hepatitis A virus infection at the age of two years. (medscape.com)

We developed genomic locus proteomics (GLoPro), in which we combine CRISPR-based genome targeting, proximity labeling, and quantitative proteomics to discover proteins associated with a specific genomic locus in native cellular contexts. (nature.com)
Thus, this molecular approach will add incrementally to our current knowledge of the HEV-genome organization and pathogenesis in chronic hepatitis E. (nature.com)
It is a hepatotropic, approximately 7.2 kb single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus whose genome contains three open reading frames (ORF1, ORF2, and ORF3), 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs), and a poly(A) tract at the 3′ end. (nature.com)
It markets a wide variety of genomic research services, and clinical genomic testing including whole-genome sequencing and targeted panels for tumor tissue genotyping, corresponding blood-based sequencing tests, and germline analyses. (genomeweb.com)
Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-borne transplacentally transmissible flavivirus, is an enveloped virus with an ~10.8 kb plus-strand RNA genome that can cause neurological disease. (mdpi.com)
The HCV DupliType test uses DNA sequencing technology to subtype two regions of the hepatitis C viral genome: the CORE gene and the region known as NS5B. (questdiagnostics.com)
This work was done as part of the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) project, which seeks obtain a comprehensive description of genomic, transcriptomic and epigenomic changes in more than 50 different tumor types and/or subtypes which are of clinical and societal importance across the globe. (scienceblog.com)
The 100K Genome Project stemmed, in part, from past efforts by researchers at UC Davis and elsewhere to develop genomic resources for studying food pathogens, Weimer explained. (genomeweb.com)
When it became clear that there was not enough genetic or genomic information available for some of the assays they had in mind, the team decided to turn to genome sequencing - something that their now collaborators at the FDA were already starting to apply. (genomeweb.com)
Here, we look at an alternative possibility: perhaps sections of the hepatitis D genome alone, independently of the small hepatitis D protein, suffice to pirate the host RNA polymerases. (williamhaseltine.com)
Exactly how and where polymerase II recognizes the hepatitis D genome, however, was unclear. (williamhaseltine.com)
As with many viroids and virusoids, the hepatitis D virus genome has a high degree of self-complementarity - around 70% of the nucleotides pair up. (williamhaseltine.com)
Exposing these three regions to RNA polymerase II yielded a surprising result: only the stem-loop regions at the ends of the hepatitis D genome interacted with the host enzyme (Figure 2B). (williamhaseltine.com)
however, the infectious virus and/or the viral genome have not been demonstrated to date in animal samples. (biomedcentral.com)
[1] The virus is divided into four major serotypes (adr, adw, ayr, ayw) based on antigenic epitopes presented on its envelope proteins and ten genotypes (A-J) according to overall nucleotide sequence variation of the genome . (wikidoc.org)
[7] By the early 1980s the genome of the virus had been sequenced, [8] and the first vaccines were being tested. (wikidoc.org)
Genome sequencing of viruses sampled in Manaus between November 2020 and January 202. (worktribe.com)
However, only when virus production from cloned genomes is possible, the full power of reverse genetics, in which distinct mutations introduced into the viral genome can be analyzed for their impact on replication and virus production, can be used. (virology.com.cn)
In this study, the first complete genome sequences for hepatitis C virus (HCV) subtypes 6f, 6i, 6j and 6m, obtained from infected blood donors in Chiang Mai, Thailand, are reported. (ox.ac.uk)
CMV shares many attributes with other herpes viruses, including genome, virion structure, and the ability to cause latent and persistent infections. (medscape.com)
CMV has the largest genome of the herpes viruses. (medscape.com)
Professor Medstrands main research interests involves genome analyses of viruses of clinical specimen and propagation of viruses in culture using different NGS platforms for analyses of HIV, SARS-Cov2, other respiratory viruses and Hepatitis viruses. (lu.se)
Classification of viruses is principally according to their genome sequence taking into consideration nature and structure of their genome and their method of replication, but not according to the diseases they cause (see International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), 2021 release ). (msdmanuals.com)
Positive-sense RNA viruses possess a single-stranded RNA genome that can serve as messenger RNA (mRNA) that can be directly translated to produce an amino acid sequence. (msdmanuals.com)
Negative-sense RNA viruses possess a single-stranded negative-sense genome that first must synthesize a complementary positive-sense antigenome, which is then used to make genomic negative-sense RNA. (msdmanuals.com)
the genome of RNA viruses ranges from 3.5 kilobases (some retroviruses) to 27 kilobases (some reoviruses), and the genome of DNA viruses ranges from 5 kilobases (some parvoviruses) to 280 kilobases (some poxviruses). (msdmanuals.com)
This manageable size together with the current advances in nucleotide sequencing technology means that partial and whole virus genome sequencing will become an essential component in epidemiologic investigations of disease outbreaks. (msdmanuals.com)

HCV is a major public health problem because it causes chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). (medscape.com)
In the study, published this Monday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , investigators from the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences working with Genetron followed more than 300 individuals with hepatitis B who had normal liver ultrasonography and serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP) levels to see if the company's test could identify those who would go on to be diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). (genomeweb.com)
Yoo S, Wang W, Wang Q, Fiel MI, Lee E, Hiotis SP and Zhu J: A pilot systematic genomic comparison of recurrence risks of hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma with low- and high-degree liver fibrosis. (spandidos-publications.com)

These particles are not infectious and are composed of the lipid and protein that forms part of the surface of the virion, which is called the surface antigen (HBsAg), and is produced in excess during the life cycle of the virus. (wikipedia.org)
It consists of: HBsAg (hepatitis B surface antigen) was the first hepatitis B virus protein to be discovered. (wikipedia.org)
HBcAg (hepatitis B core antigen) is the main structural protein of HBV icosahedral nucleocapsid and it has function in replication of the virus. (wikipedia.org)
HBeAg (hepatitis B envelope antigen) can be found between the icosahedral nucleocapsid core and the lipid envelope, but is considered "nonparticulate" and is secreted and accumulates in serum. (wikipedia.org)
In a previous article , we reviewed how the small hepatitis antigen protein (S-HDAg) binds to and alters RNA polymerase II, kickstarting replication. (williamhaseltine.com)
The virus was not discovered until 1965 when Baruch Blumberg , then working at the National Institutes of Health (NIH), discovered the Australia antigen (later known to be Hepatitis B surface antigen, or HBsAg) in the blood of Australian aboriginal people. (wikidoc.org)
A process for purifying hepatitis B viral surface antigen comprising the preS2 peptide from the cells of a recombinant organism is carried out by a sequence of steps which includes the step of disrupting the cells using a buffer containing a chaotropic salt to obtain a cell homogenate and the step of alkalifying the cell homogenate to a pH ranging from 11.0 to 13.5. (justia.com)
Module A contained serum samples spiked with cultured dengue virus (DENV) or chikungunya virus (CHIKV) for the detection of nucleic acid and DENV non-structural protein 1 (NS1) antigen. (who.int)

High genotype concordance between different sources of genomic DNA was obtained. (nih.gov)
Statistical analysis can be used, namely total anti-HCV This study was conducted from De- All data were entered into a Microsoft antibodies, HCV-RNA levels, HCV cember 2012 to March 2013 at the Excel worksheet and statistical analysis genotype and recently HCV core anti- Viral Hepatitis Research Laboratory at was performed using SPSS for Win- gen (HCVcAg) levels ( 5 ). (who.int)
HEV genotype 1 (HEV-1) and HEV-2 are human viruses. (biomedcentral.com)
Later, production of infectious genotype 1a and 1b viruses [10] was demonstrated in Huh7.5 cells . (virology.com.cn)
8 Yi M, Villanueva RA, Thomas DL, Wakita T, Lemon SM: Production of infectious genotype 1a hepatitis C virus (Hutchinson strain) in cultured human hepatoma cells. (virology.com.cn)

Complete replication of hepatitis C virus in cell culture. (virology.com.cn)

Although various companies advancing genomic and other molecular cancer early detection tests have said they are collecting prospective data of this type, very little has yet been published actually demonstrating detection of early or incipient cancers in asymptomatic individuals, making Genetron's data notable. (genomeweb.com)
Using two well-studied hepatitis virus datasets, HBV and HCV, we assess if computational methods for molecular species delimitation that are typically applied to barcoding biodiversity studies can also be successfully deployed for hepatitis virus classification. (peerj.com)
Geng M, Xin X, Bi LQ, Zhou LT and Liu XH: Molecular mechanism of hepatitis B virus X protein function in hepatocarcinogenesis. (spandidos-publications.com)
Ron M. Kagan PhD, Associate Scientific Director for Molecular Genetics at Quest Diagnostics' Nichols Institute, presented an abstracted paper on duplex subtyping of hepatitis C virus. (questdiagnostics.com)
Molecular characterization of viruses viz. (icmr.nic.in)

We describe the first report of RNA sequencing of 5' capped (Pol II) RNAs isolated from acutely hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected Huh 7.5 cells that provides a general approach to identifying differentially expressed annotated and unannotated genes that participate in viral-host interactions. (mdpi.com)
3 Over time, the accumulation of somatic genomic alterations in genes and epigenetic modifications in hepatocytes favors development of HCC. (ajmc.com)
The genes overlap - By TimVickers at English Wikipedia - Transferred from en.wikipedia to Commons. (wikidoc.org)
Identification of specific genes of L. donovani using genomic micro-assays. (icmr.nic.in)

Characterization of lassa virus cell entry inhibitors: Determination of the active enantiomer by asymmetric synthesis. (medscape.com)
Characterization of Lassa virus cell entry and neutralization with Lassa virus pseudoparticles. (medscape.com)
Genetic detection and characterization of lujo virus, a new hemorrhagic Fever-associated arenavirus from southern Africa. (medscape.com)
Characterization of a cis element required for packaging and replication of the human hepatitis B virus. (sinica.edu.tw)
Identification and characterization of a structural protein of hepatitis B virus: a polymerase and surface fusion protein encoded by a spliced RNA. (sinica.edu.tw)

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is one of the main causes of acute viral hepatitis worldwide. (nature.com)

2002) pKa perturbation in genomic hepatitis delta virus ribozyme catalysis evidenced by nucleotide analogue interference mapping. (jenabioscience.com)
These observations also suggest that the cellular DNA-dependent RNA-polymerase recognizes the specific structure, not the nucleotide sequences themselves as the sequences differ not only between the two ends but also between the stem loop corresponding to the positive and negative versions of the genomic RNA. (williamhaseltine.com)

The HLA complex helps the immune system distinguish the body's own proteins from proteins made by foreign invaders such as viruses and bacteria. (medlineplus.gov)
The virus is divided into four major serotypes (adr, adw, ayr, ayw) based on antigenic epitopes present on its envelope proteins. (wikipedia.org)
As well as being larger, most viruses encode multiple proteins to help them replicate and, in especially nefarious cases, evade and suppress the host immune system - they come prepared, toolbox in hand. (williamhaseltine.com)

Riazalhosseini B, Mohamed R, Apalasamy YD, Langmia IM and Mohamed Z: Circulating microRNA as a marker for predicting liver disease progression in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. (spandidos-publications.com)
Specifically, they found that mutations of KRAS and IDHs, which are linked to more aggressive cancers, were less common in the cancers in patients with chronic hepatitis. (scienceblog.com)
3 Surveillance testing with ultrasound every 6 months is cost-effective in patients with cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis B and should be offered to these patients to facilitate early detection of HCC and improve overall survival (OS). (ajmc.com)
TDF is a non-selective RT inhibitor with demonstrated in vitro activity against both wild-type and mutant strains of HIV [ 4 - 6 ] and is also effective for treating chronic hepatitis B (CHB) [ 7 - 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Evaluation of transcriptional efficiency of hepatitis B virus covalently closed circular DNA by reverse transcription-PCR combined with the restriction enzyme digestion method. (sinica.edu.tw)

Between February 2009 and November 2011, the Virginia Department of Health (VDH) was notified of acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections occurring in residents of four separate assisted living facilities (ALFs) in the Central Health Planning Region of Virginia. (cdc.gov)
In each outbreak, the initial acute HBV infections were identified through routine viral hepatitis surveillance. (cdc.gov)
Further investigation and subsequent screening of ALF residents for hepatitis B uncovered additional acute HBV infections at each of the ALFs. (cdc.gov)
According to Hidewaki Nakagawa of the RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, who led the team, "This is an interesting finding and could indicate that the cancers-even of different histological types-in patients with hepatitis infections could be derived from similar cells, perhaps hepatic progenitor cells. (scienceblog.com)
Viral hepatitis present a major threat to public health security, causing severe morbidities and high mortalities through acute and chronic infections [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Clinically used in combination with interferon for hepatitis C, as aerosol for respiratory syncytial virus, and as potential prophylaxis and/or treatment of Congo-Crimean hemorrhagic fever, hantavirus infections, and Arenavirus hemorrhagic fevers. (medscape.com)
Infections with hepatitis C virus (HCV) progress to chronic phase in 80% of patients. (biomedcentral.com)
suggested that there are 390 million dengue virus (DENV) infections per year, of which 96 million manifest clinically. (who.int)

Some viruses have an outer envelope consisting of protein and lipid, surrounding a protein capsid complex with genomic RNA or DNA and sometimes enzymes needed for the first steps of viral replication. (msdmanuals.com)

In vitro antiviral and immunomodulatory activity of arbidol and structurally related derivatives in herpes simplex virus type 1-infected human keratinocytes (HaCat). (microbiologyresearch.org)
CCR5 receptor antagonism inhibits hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication in vitro. (uc.edu)
In vitro evidence exists for activity against West Nile virus. (medscape.com)
Production of hepatitis B virus in vitro by transient expression of cloned HBV DNA in a hepatoma cell line. (sinica.edu.tw)

The role of helioxanthin in inhibiting human hepatitis B viral replication and gene expression by interfering with the host transcriptional machinery of viral promoters. (sinica.edu.tw)

The classification of hepatitis viruses still predominantly relies on ad hoc criteria, i.e., phenotypic traits and arbitrary genetic distance thresholds. (peerj.com)
Given the subjectivity of such practices coupled with the constant sequencing of samples and discovery of new strains, this manual approach to virus classification becomes cumbersome and impossible to generalize. (peerj.com)
The overlap of predicted clusters with taxonomically acknowledged genotypes implies that virus classification can be successfully automated. (peerj.com)

During the life cycle of HBV, RT utilizes a single-stranded viral genomic RNA as a template to synthesize a hybrid RNA-DNA duplex, and then converts it to double-stranded DNA (ds-DNA). (biomedcentral.com)

For a long time it was suspected that RNA polymerase II -one of three DNA-dependent RNA polymerases present in humans- was associated with the replication of hepatitis D virus. (williamhaseltine.com)
Hepatitis E in humans is characterized by large scale water-borne epidemics of jaundice in regions of the world with contaminated water supplies and low sanitary conditions. (biomedcentral.com)

Our study expands the available hepacivirus genomic data and contributes insights into the relatively deep evolutionary history of these pathogens in rodents. (researchain.net)

The transmission mechanism of hepatitis B can now be modified by adding genetic susceptibility to the traditional vertical transmission model of hepatitis B. (nih.gov)

We performed a meta-analysis on the diagnostic utility of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) levels in patients with hepatitis B virus-induced HCC. (e-jlc.org)

Further studies to determine the prevalence and distribution of the virus in different animals and their products, water bodies, food chain, and vegetables are warranted, along with viral gene sequencing for detailed genetic characterisation of the isolates circulating in the country. (biomedcentral.com)
The discovery of a genetic polymorphism in the interleukin 28B (IL28B) region on chromosome 19 of HCV patients depicted a more complex virus-host interaction. (biomedcentral.com)
Complete genomes for hepatitis C virus subtypes 6f, 6i, 6j and 6m: viral genetic diversity among Thai blood donors and infected spouses. (ox.ac.uk)
either DNA or RNA viruses may have single or double strands of genetic material. (msdmanuals.com)

Hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase is incorporated into the nucleocapsid along with the pre-genomic RNA (pgRNA). (wikipedia.org)
Anytime alpha (α) amanitin , a toxin that interrupts RNA polymerase II, was introduced, replication of hepatitis D virus was also inhibited. (williamhaseltine.com)
This suggests that the RNA polymerase II interaction sites are between nucleotides 1540 to 60 and nucleotides 687 to 900 of the hepatitis D virus RNA. (williamhaseltine.com)
Effects of genomic length on translocation of hepatitis B virus polymerase-linked oligomer. (sinica.edu.tw)

These cancer-inducing factors may trigger aberrations in genomic loci encoding vital oncogenes such as CTNNB1 (encoding β-catenin) or/and tumor suppressers including P53 [ 4 ]. (jcancer.org)

The differentiation of hepatitis A, then called infectious hepatitis, from hepatitis B, then called serum hepatitis, came principally from studies in volunteers in Europe and the United States from the 1940s through the 1960s. (nationalacademies.org)
After several weeks, and up to eight months later, 191 of the vaccinated workers became ill with jaundice and were diagnosed as suffering from serum hepatitis. (wikidoc.org)

Viruses that are transmitted via the fecal-oral route and may cause liver damage are known as enteric hepatitis viruses. (cshlpress.com)
The authors also discuss advances in cell-culture systems and animal models, as well as how studies of HAV and HEV may provide insight into other viruses and infectious diseases of the liver. (cshlpress.com)
NEW YORK (GenomeWeb) - Chinese genomics firm Genetron Health saw important data published this week from a prospective study of its combined circulating cell-free DNA and protein liquid biopsy test to detect individuals with incipient virus-associated liver cancer. (genomeweb.com)
Zika virus replication and cytopathic effects in liver cells. (uc.edu)
Each belongs to an entirely different family of viruses, and they have very little in common except the target organ they affect, the liver, and a certain degree of shared epidemiology. (nationalacademies.org)
For the study, which was published in Nature Communications , the group performed whole genomic sequencing on 30 individual tumors classified as liver cancer displaying a biliary phenotype. (scienceblog.com)
Millions of people are infected with human papillomavirus (HPV), Helicobacter pylori , or hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus, and are thus at risk of developing cervical cancer, stomach cancer, and liver cancer, respectively. (who.int)
Vaccination against hepatitis B and C viruses also has a proven impact on the incidence of liver cancer in certain communities. (who.int)

In previous cancer genomic studies, most HBV-associated HCCs harbor at least one mutation in … TP53, CTNNB1, AXIN1, or the TERT promoter," the study authors wrote. (genomeweb.com)

Smart aerogel, an aerogel material doped with special bio-affinity compounds to providing means of unique collection, detection and identification of bioaerosols, including bacteria, viruses, toxins, and other bioaerosols. (justia.com)

Genomic sequencing: A decade to a day (blog post) Genomics Education Programme (UK), Jun 2, 2023. (cdc.gov)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a partially double-stranded DNA virus, a species of the genus Orthohepadnavirus and a member of the Hepadnaviridae family of viruses. (wikipedia.org)
This virus causes the disease hepatitis B. Hepatitis B virus is classified in the genus Orthohepadnavirus, which contains 11 other species. (wikipedia.org)
The Flavivirus genus is composed of more than 70 arthropod-transmitted viruses, of which 30 are known to cause human disease. (medscape.com)

Chapare virus, a newly discovered arenavirus isolated from a fatal hemorrhagic fever case in Bolivia. (medscape.com)
Its presentation can range from asymptomatic illness to acute-onset viral hepatitis and hemorrhagic fever. (medscape.com)

TETERBORO, N.J., Nov. 29 /PRNewswire/ -- Quest Diagnostics Incorporated (NYSE: DGX), the nation's leading provider of gene-based medical testing, information and services, announced it has introduced HCV DupliType(TM) testing to provide subtyping for a broader range of hepatitis C viral isolates than was previously available using other technologies. (questdiagnostics.com)

Genomic diversity of mpox virus in Paris area (France) during the 2022 outbreak. (cdc.gov)

The genotypes have a distinct geographical distribution and are used in tracing the evolution and transmission of the virus. (wikipedia.org)

The disease is a major cause of water-borne hepatitis epidemic in tropical and subtropical countries with poor sanitary conditions including southeast and central Asia, the Middle East, and Africa [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The earliest record of an epidemic caused by Hepatitis B virus was made by Lurman in 1885. (wikidoc.org)

Moreover, infectivity of serum-derived virus is variable, and the sequences of the genomes used for inoculation usually are unknown. (virology.com.cn)

Hepatitis C virus antigens enzyme immunoassay for one-step diagnosis of hepatitis C virus coinfection in human immunodeficiency virus infected individuals. (uc.edu)
Mouse hepatitis virus utilizes two carcinoembryonic antigens as alternative receptors. (uci.edu)

The other family members include herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1 or HHV-1) and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2 or HHV-2), varicella zoster virus (VZV), human herpes virus (HHV)-6, HHV-7, and HHV-8. (medscape.com)

To download a certificate of analysis for Human respiratory syncytial virus ( VR-1803 ), enter the lot number exactly as it appears on your product label or packing slip. (atcc.org)
The certificate of analysis for that lot of Human respiratory syncytial virus ( VR-1803 ) is not currently available online. (atcc.org)
Respiratory syncytial virus surge in 2022 caused by lineages already present before the COVID-19 pandemic. (cdc.gov)

Changes in human ecology and behavior have had discernable effects on the epidemiology of the hepatitis viruses in different ways and to different degrees. (nationalacademies.org)

Zika Virus Exposure in an HIV-Infected Cohort in Ghana. (uc.edu)
Further comprehensive diagnostic testing, including testing for Zika virus, should comprise future iterations of the EQA. (who.int)
7,8 That may also be the case for Zika virus (ZIKV), a flavivirus that was detected in Asia in the 1960s but has recently emerged in the Pacific and the Americas. (who.int)
The recent increase in reported cases of microcephaly and Guillain-Barre Syndrome potentially associated with Zika virus (ZIKV) has highlighted the urgent need to identify individuals infected with ZIKV. (who.int)

For clinical aspects of the disease, see Hepatitis B . (wikidoc.org)
The Center for Translational Genomics (CTG) offers expertise and service in genomic technologies to promote translational research projects or projects aiming at clinical implementation of new diagnostic assays in healthcare. (lu.se)
Professor Fioretos has a long experience in translational genomic research and clinical diagnostics, especially in the field of leukemia. (lu.se)

Herein, the predicted atomic structures of five representative sequence variants of the reverse transcriptase protein (RT) of hepatitis B virus (HBV), sampled from patients with rapid or slow response to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) treatment, have been examined to identify structural variations between them in order to assess structural and functional properties of HBV-RT variants associated with the differential responses to TDF treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
Reverse transcription is accomplished using the enzyme reverse transcriptase, which the virus carries with it inside its shell. (msdmanuals.com)

Robert H. Purcell is head of the Hepatitis Viruses Section of the Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergies and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. (nationalacademies.org)

V iral hepatitis is caused by at least five distinct viruses. (nationalacademies.org)
The HCV DupliType test provides subtyping for two distinct genomic regions of the hepatitis C virus. (questdiagnostics.com)

Effective inactivated whole virus vaccines have been developed. (nationalacademies.org)
The first was licensed in Europe in 1991 and two inactivated hepatitis A vaccines should be licensed in the United States within the next 1 or 2 years. (nationalacademies.org)
Other vaccines that combine DTP and/or Haemophilus influenzae type b and/or hepatitis B with IPV appear feasible but require further investigation. (who.int)

Raltegravir is a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-integrase inhibitor that has been shown to alter the host immune response to HIV in addition to its direct antiviral effect. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Antiviral drugs for viruses other than human immunodeficiency virus. (microbiologyresearch.org)
It is also the sixth installment in a series on hepatitis D virus, a virusoid-like pathogen that causes serious human disease. (williamhaseltine.com)
Examples of retroviruses are the human immunodeficiency viruses and the human T-cell leukemia viruses. (msdmanuals.com)

Although it has been sought, arthropod-borne or other vector-mediated transmission of the blood-borne hepatitis viruses has not been found. (nationalacademies.org)
Viremia occurs during the incubation period and the early acute phase of hepatitis A, and transmission by transfusion or recently by contaminated commercial factor VIII ( 3 ) has been reported, but such blood-borne transmissions are rare. (nationalacademies.org)

The virus particle, called Dane particle (virion), consists of an outer lipid envelope and an icosahedral nucleocapsid core composed of protein. (wikipedia.org)
[6] In 1970, D.S. Dane and others discovered the virus particle by electron microscopy . (wikidoc.org)
It is sometimes extended as a tubular tail on one side of the virus particle. (wikidoc.org)

Hepatitis A outbreaks associated with fresh, frozen, and minimally processed produce worldwide from 1983 to 2022-adapted and expanded from Sivapalasingam et al. (marlerblog.com)

To understand the differential gene expression of M.leprae using genomic approaches. (icmr.nic.in)

Phosphorylated in vivo, and the active form may interfere with viral genomic synthesis. (medscape.com)

The hepatitis B virus is responsible for causing hepatitis B. HBV is a double stranded DNA virus belonging to the family Hepadnaviridae . (wikidoc.org)
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a double-stranded DNA virus and is a member of the Herpesviridae family. (medscape.com)

The identification of endogenous hepadnaviridae elements shared by various bird species shows the presence of these virus in birds for at least 70M years. (wikipedia.org)
Identification of alpha-dystroglycan as a receptor for lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus and Lassa fever virus. (medscape.com)

Other viruses, principally from the families Arenaviridae, Bunyaviridae, Flaviviridae, Filoviridae, and Herpesviridae , also cause hepatitis as part of systemic diseases, but these are generally not grouped with the hepatitis viruses. (nationalacademies.org)

Two of the viruses [hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV)] are spread principally by fecal-oral means and three [hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and hepatitis D virus (HDV)] are spread principally by exposure to blood, although HBV is frequently spread by unprotected sex. (nationalacademies.org)

In the absence of a vaccine, restricting the movement of individuals is one of the most effective ways to slow the spread of a virus. (bmj.com)
Seroconversion is dependent on both the relative content as well as the absolute quantity of virus in the vaccine. (who.int)

Virus was slightly different from one in the 2009 Australian and Dutch outbreaks. (marlerblog.com)

A number of as yet unclassified hepatitis B-like species have been isolated from bats. (wikipedia.org)
Two major species of the virus are recognised: avian HEV and mammalian HEV. (biomedcentral.com)

Hepatitis D diagnostics:Utilization and testing in the United States. (uc.edu)

Anatomy9

Organisms82

Diseases35

Chemicals and Drugs47

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment29

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes55

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science5

Named Groups1

Health Care7

Geographicals1

Infection29

Genome27

Hepatocellular carcinoma3

Antigen8

Genotype5

Replication of hepatitis C vir1

Molecular5

Genes4

Characterization5

Causes of acute viral hepatitis1

Nucleotide2

Proteins3

Chronic hepatitis4

Covalently closed circular1

Infections8

Capsid1

Vitro4

Viral replication1

Classification3

Single-stranded1

Humans2

Hepacivirus1

Mechanism of hepatitis1

Patients with hepatitis1

Genetic4

Polymerase4

Loci1

Serum hepatitis2

Liver8

HCCs1

Detection1

20231

Genus3

Hemorrhagic fever2

Isolates1

Diversity1

Genotypes1

Epidemic2

Genomes1

Antigens2

Herpes simplex vi1

Respiratory3

Epidemiology1

Zika4

Clinical3

Reverse transcriptase2

Infectious diseases1

Distinct2

Vaccines3

Human4

Transmission2

Particle3

20221

Gene1

Synthesis1

Double-stranded DNA virus2

Identification2

Herpesviridae1

Principally1

Vaccine2

Outbreaks1

Species2

Diagnostics1