• To obtain further insights into the evolutionary origin of APCs, we have identified three members of the B7 family in the teleost Takifugu rubripes (fugu): B7-H1/DC, B7-H3, and B7-H4. (aai.org)
  • In this study, we made use of extreme evolutionary sequence conservation as a filter to identify putative gene regulatory elements, and characterized the in vivo enhancer activity of a large group of non-coding elements in the human genome that are conserved in human-pufferfish, Takifugu (Fugu) rubripes, or ultraconserved in human-mouse-rat. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In order to learn more about their origins and relationships to each other, as well as to clarify the nomenclature used to describe them, the tenascin genes of the urochordate Ciona intestinalis, the pufferfish Tetraodon nigroviridis and Takifugu rubripes and the frog Xenopus tropicalis were identified and their gene organization and predicted protein products compared with the previously characterized tenascins of amniotes. (escholarship.org)
  • Thus, even though humans and chimpanzees are about 98% identical in terms of their DNA sequences, there is still such as thing as a 'human genome' and a 'chimpanzee genome' rather than a continuum with humans and chimps at two mildly divergent extremes. (science20.com)
  • And indeed, no one would ever mistake a chimpanzee genome for a human genome, in part because they differ in DNA amount and chromosome number (human chromosome 2 is a product of fusion of what remain as two separate chromosomes in other great apes). (science20.com)
  • It is estimated that there are some 3 million SNPs in the human genome (definition #1), with one occurring about every 100-300 base pairs along the more than 3 billion base pair sequence. (science20.com)
  • Two independent research groups reported draft sequences of the human genome in February 2001: the publicly-funded and internationally collaborative Human Genome Project and the private company headed by J. Craig Venter known as Celera Genomics . (science20.com)
  • The Human Genome Project, being a public effort, had an official policy of releasing all sequence data to public databases within 24 hours of completion, thereby making the information freely available to anyone who carried a copy of the 'human genome' in their cells. (science20.com)
  • This file is from: http://hgdownload.cse.ucsc.edu/goldenPath/hg38/phyloP100way/README.txt This directory contains conservation scoring by phyloP (phylogenetic p-values) from the PHAST package (http://compgen.bscb.cornell.edu/phast/) for multiple alignments of 99 vertebrate genomes to the human genome. (ucsc.edu)
  • We identified sequence signatures enriched in a subset of these elements that targeted forebrain expression, and used these features to rank all approximately 3,100 non-coding elements in the human genome that are conserved between human and Fugu. (ox.ac.uk)
  • These data dramatically expand the catalogue of human gene enhancers that have been characterized in vivo, and illustrate the utility of such training sets for a variety of biological applications, including decoding the regulatory vocabulary of the human genome. (ox.ac.uk)
  • During this period, he and his colleagues developed four sequencer and synthesizer instruments that paved the way for the Human Genome Project's successful mapping and understanding of the human genome. (isbscience.org)
  • Identifying the sequences that direct the spatial and temporal expression of genes and defining their function in vivo remains a significant challenge in the annotation of vertebrate genomes. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Genome 10K: a proposal to obtain whole-genome sequence for 10,000 vertebrate species. (academicinfluence.com)
  • Here we test this model using whole genome and transcriptome resequencing data in the guppy, a model for sexual selection with many Y-linked colour traits. (nature.com)
  • In a broad sense, a genome can be considered as the collective set of genes, non-coding DNA sequences, and all their variants that are located within the chromosomes of members of a given species. (science20.com)
  • Although the genomes of two sturgeon species have been decoded, and the American paddlefish ( Polyodon spathula ) genome has revealed chromosomal evolution mechanism (Cheng et al. (researchsquare.com)
  • For data use restrictions regarding the genome assemblies used in this annotation, see http://genome.ucsc.edu/goldenPath/credits.html. (ucsc.edu)
  • Both pufferfish genomes encode five tenascin genes: two tenascin-C paralogs, a tenascin-R with domain organization identical to mammalian and avian tenascin-R, a small tenascin-X with previously undescribed GK repeats, and a tenascin-W. Four tenascin genes corresponding to tenascin-C, tenascin-R, tenascin-X and tenascin-W were also identified in the X. tropicalis genome. (escholarship.org)
  • Phages (infecting prokaryotes): Escherichia virus Lambda (Phage lambda) Phi X 174, the first DNA genome ever to be sequenced (circular, 5386 base pairs in length), shortly after the RNA genome of bacteriophage MS2 (in 1976). (wikipedia.org)
  • Little wonder, then, that discussions about genome sequences and comparisons thereof can leave otherwise interested audiences more frustrated than enlightened. (science20.com)
  • Because the DNA sequences of even close family members are not identical, it can also be said that each individual carries a unique genome consisting of the DNA in his or her chromosomes. (science20.com)
  • Click on a group of genomes below to view all sequences containing the chosen domain combination in that group of genomes. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Assignment of Homology to Genome Sequences using a Library of Hidden Markov Models that Represent all Proteins of Known Structure. (cam.ac.uk)
  • on average, the sections of Neanderthal DNA that have been recovered and sequenced are 99.5% identical to that of humans -- but these, too, are considered to be part of a separate genome. (science20.com)
  • In humans, these components make up at least 50% of the genome. (zxc.wiki)
  • Genome-wide evaluation within the mouse embryo reveals the significance of DNA methylation for transcription integrity Mouse embryos purchase international DNA methylation of their genome throughout implantation. (nfkb-p65.net)
  • Stentor coeruleus, used in molecular biology (its genome has been sequenced), and is studied as a model of single-cell regeneration. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dictyostelium discoideum, used in molecular biology and genetics (its genome has been sequenced), and is studied as an example of cell communication, differentiation, and programmed cell death. (wikipedia.org)
  • These results provide empirical support for longstanding models of sex chromosome catalysis, and suggest an important role for sexual selection and sexual conflict in genome evolution. (nature.com)
  • Natal origin identification of green turtles in the North Pacific by genome-wide population analysis with limited DNA samples. (churashima.okinawa)
  • Thalassiosira pseudonana, unicellular marine diatom alga, extensively studied as a model marine diatom since its genome was published in 2004. (wikipedia.org)
  • Groups of genomes may be slower than individual genomes. (cam.ac.uk)
  • A single tenascin gene was identified in the genome of C. intestinalis that encodes a polypeptide with domain features common to all vertebrate tenascins. (escholarship.org)
  • Its genome sequence, along with a wide range of information concerning Arabidopsis, is maintained by the TAIR database. (wikipedia.org)
  • He is pioneering a 1 million patient genome/phenome project, and is bringing scientific (quantitative) wellness to the contemporary U.S. health care system. (isbscience.org)
  • The name Takifugu has priority over the name Fugu. (nih.gov)
  • The pufferfish genus Fugu Abe, 1952, a junior subjective synonym of Takifugu Abe, 1949. (nih.gov)
  • 2. An enigmatic fourth runt domain gene in the fugu genome: ancestral gene loss versus accelerated evolution. (nih.gov)
  • Here, we used comparative genomic analyses with chromosome assemblies of diverse lineages of vertebrates and reconstructed an ancestral vertebrate genome, which revealed phylogenomic trajectories in vertebrates. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A species commonly used for molecular biology research and a well known model organism for the vertebrate genome. (nih.gov)
  • Our results show that genes involved in protection from ice damage, including genes encoding antifreeze glycoprotein and zona pellucida proteins, are highly expanded in the icefish genome. (nature.com)
  • In contrast, some crucial regulators of circadian homeostasis ( cry and per genes) are absent from the icefish genome, suggesting compromised control of biological rhythms in the polar light environment. (nature.com)
  • There are two ADAR -like genes in vertebrate genomes, encoding enzymes with unknown function. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Over the past decade, significant progress has been made in genome-wide gene expression profiling by the development and application of large scale sequencing technique, which can easily show more differential expressional genes in different traits, such as gender. (hindawi.com)
  • The genome is a circle of 11 genes , 5386 base pairs in length. (wikidoc.org)
  • Although mammalian genomes are known to contain ultraconserved non-coding elements (UNEs), this paper seems to be the first to report the UCRs in protein coding genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, some members of these cognate groups have been lost, and only 39 Hox genes are currently present in the human and other mammalian genomes (Fig. 1A ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Comparative analysis of eukaryotic cells and genomes confidently maps highly advanced functional systems and macromolecular complexes to the last eukaryotic common ancestor (LECA). (catsboard.com)
  • Its genome sequence, along with a wide range of information concerning Arabidopsis, is maintained by the TAIR database. (wikipedia.org)
  • The availability of the icefish genome sequence will accelerate our understanding of adaptation to extreme Antarctic environments. (nature.com)
  • A genus of pufferfish commonly used for research. (nih.gov)
  • Arabidopsis was the first plant to have its genome sequenced. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sometimes, the genome arrangement facilitates the sequencing of the model organism's genome, for example, by being very compact or having a low proportion of junk DNA (e.g. yeast , Arabidopsis , or pufferfish ). (wikidoc.org)
  • To help investigate the genomic basis for these extreme evolutionary adaptations, we sequenced the genome of the blackfin icefish. (nature.com)
  • Identity and number of arrestin paralogs were determined searching deuterostome genomes and gene expression data. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Phages (infecting prokaryotes): Escherichia virus Lambda (Phage lambda) Phi X 174, the first DNA genome ever to be sequenced (circular, 5386 base pairs in length), shortly after the RNA genome of bacteriophage MS2 (in 1976). (wikipedia.org)
  • Here, we report a high-quality genome assembly and linkage map for the Antarctic blackfin icefish Chaenocephalus aceratus , highlighting evolved genomic features for its unique physiology. (nature.com)
  • ADAR3 is very well conserved in fish genomes, even though no function has been ascribed to it, suggesting that it is active on an unknown substrate. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Click on a group of genomes below to view all sequences containing the chosen domain combination in that group of genomes. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Phi X 174 was the first organism to have its complete genome sequenced. (wikidoc.org)
  • The genome size was estimated, by k -mer analysis using Jellyfish software, to be 1.1 gigabase pairs (Supplementary Fig. 3 ). (nature.com)
  • The FALCON-Unzip assembled genome contained 3,852 contigs totalling 1.06 gigabase pairs with a contig N50 size of 1.5 megabase pairs (Mb) (Table 1 ). (nature.com)
  • In the tiger pufferfish, testes size is an important economic trait, since mature testes are regarded as a delicacy, and cost approximately 10,000 JPY/kg, three times the price of the fillet (Hamasaki et al. (springer.com)
  • Groups of genomes may be slower than individual genomes. (cam.ac.uk)