• F-plasmids play a crucial role because they contain partition genes that promote the even distribution of plasmids after bacterial cell division. (wikipedia.org)
  • BACs can also be utilized to detect genes or large sequences of interest and then used to map them onto the human chromosome using BAC arrays. (wikipedia.org)
  • Timothy Close, plant geneticist at the University of California in Riverside and corresponding author on the newly published paper, told GenomeWeb this week that the team's goal was to sequence the gene-rich regions of the genome to discover more genes than previous research had been able to uncover. (genomeweb.com)
  • Here we show that the 37-megabase (Mb) genome of A. oryzae contains 12,074 genes and is expanded by 7-9 Mb in comparison with the genomes of Aspergillus nidulans 5 and Aspergillus fumigatus 6 . (nature.com)
  • The 37-Mb genome was predicted to contain a total of 12,074 genes encoding proteins with a length greater than 100 amino acid residues (see Methods). (nature.com)
  • Distribution and expression of the genes on chromosome 1. (nature.com)
  • The physical map provides a framework for assembly of genome sequence and information for localization of genes that are difficult to find through positional cloning. (frontiersin.org)
  • Methods We selected bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones harboring key IGC genes from public and private libraries and sequenced the inserts with long-read sequencing technologies. (usda.gov)
  • Furthermore, comparative genomics through BES can be used for identifying positional candidate genes from QTL mapping studies, aid in future assembly of a reference genome sequence and elucidating sequence content and complexity in the rainbow trout genome. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This genome survey reveals numerous genes, genome-wide repeats, simple sequence repeats (potential genetic markers), and CpG islands (potential gene initiation sites). (jcvi.org)
  • Although some scientists expected to find at least 100,000 genes coding for proteins, only about 30,000-35,000 of such genes appear to be in the human genome. (learner.org)
  • The vectors of this series contain genes of the moderate bacteriophage P1, which ensure replication of the phage chromosome in infected bacterial cells. (genomequebecplatforms.com)
  • Our library is approximately 10-fold the size of the (AD) 5 -genome (2400 Mb) and provides a 99.7% probability of isolating genes of interest or their sequences. (geneticsmr.com)
  • The objective of work presented by Sanjay M. Reddy of Texas A&M University was to evaluate potential cloning sites in the HVT genome for stable expression of foreign genes. (thepoultrysite.com)
  • BACs are often used to sequence the genome of organisms in genome projects, for example the Human Genome Project. (wikipedia.org)
  • BACs were replaced with faster and less laborious sequencing methods like whole genome shotgun sequencing and now more recently next-gen sequencing. (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] The genomes of several large DNA viruses and RNA viruses have been cloned as BACs. (wikipedia.org)
  • The development of the human genome-wide bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries that were used as templates for the human genome project made it possible to design microarrays containing these BACs that can theoretically span the genome uninterrupted. (elsevierpure.com)
  • This involved multiplexing pools of bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) that had been manually prepared. (genomeweb.com)
  • After the sequencing was done, the researchers used the Velvet assembler to reassemble the BACs and then used CLARK , a supervised classification method, to assign the reassembled BACs to chromosome arms. (genomeweb.com)
  • A high quality draft sequence assembly was produced using the Atlas assembler to combine whole genome shotgun sequences with sequences from a collection of BACs selected to form a minimal tiling path along the genome. (nih.gov)
  • We characterized the breakpoints in these fifteen cases (two of which were ascertained prenatally), using a combination of high-resolution GTG-banding, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs), and data from the Human Genome Project. (nih.gov)
  • The sequence-tagged connector (STC) strategy proposes to generate sequence tags densely scattered (every 3.3 kilobases) across the human genome by arraying 450,000 bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) with randomly cleaved inserts, sequencing both ends of each, and preparing a restriction enzyme fingerprint of each. (jcvi.org)
  • However, understanding of quantitative traits and use of genomic tools for breeding is partly restricted by the large expected genome size of 3,947 to 4,397 Mbp/1C ( Arumuganathan and Earle, 1991 ) and the occurrence of highly repetitive sequences in the pea genome. (frontiersin.org)
  • In order to enrich the genomic tools already available in this species and provide further insight on the complexity of its genome, we sequenced a large number of rainbow trout BAC-end sequences (BES) and characterized their contents. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The genome of AK1 was determined by an exacting, combined approach that included whole-genome shotgun sequencing (27.8times coverage), targeted bacterial artificial chromosome sequencing, and high-resolution comparative genomic hybridization using custom microarrays featuring more than 24 million probes. (blogspot.com)
  • High-resolution microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) techniques have successfully been applied to study copy number imbalances in a number of settings such as the analysis of cancer genomes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The leading genome research centers and scientists have publicly recognized that these are the core enabling goals for the next decade genomics research. (springer.com)
  • The National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) has echoed this need through its vision for genomics research (Collins et al. (springer.com)
  • Robust genetics, cell biology, molecular biology, and biochemistry complement deep and detailed genome annotation, a multitude of genome-scale strain collections for functional genomics, and substantial gene conservation with Metazoa to comprise a powerful model for modern biological research. (microbialcell.com)
  • They also used published sequence from goat grass ( Aegilops tauschii ) to develop a synteny viewer that allowed them to compare sequences from the barley genome with data from the ancestor of the wheat D genome. (genomeweb.com)
  • To address the challenges of accurate assembly of the pea genome (∼4.2 GB of which approximately 85% is repetitive sequences), we have adopted the WGP technology for assembly of a pea BAC library. (frontiersin.org)
  • This finding provides direct evidence that host genome acquisition by MDV actually occurs during virus replication, and that one or more such MDV genomes with host sequences may exist within MDV viral stocks, which tend to be polyclonal due to the strictly cell-associated nature of its infection process. (usda.gov)
  • A bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) is a vector system based on the E. coli F-plasmid, cos sites of the lambda phage and loxP of the P1 phage, used for cloning long (150-350 kbp) DNA sequences. (genomequebecplatforms.com)
  • After that, the read sequences are aligned in silico, resulting in the complete sequence of the organism's genome. (genomequebecplatforms.com)
  • Recent advances in sequencing technologies have initiated an era of personal genome sequences. (blogspot.com)
  • To date, human genome sequences have been reported for individuals with ancestry in three distinct geographical regions: a Yoruba African, two individuals of northwest European origin, and a person from China1, 2, 3, 4. (blogspot.com)
  • The integration of several human whole-genome sequences derived from several ethnic groups will assist in understanding genetic ancestry, migration patterns and population bottlenecks. (blogspot.com)
  • Both genomes have been completely sequenced [ 17 , 18 ] and serve as the reference sequences for the major monocot and dicot plant lineages. (biomedcentral.com)
  • From Texas A&M University, Blanca Lupiani reported that she and her colleagues recently showed that insertion of LTR (long term repeat) sequences into the CVI988 resulted in the generation of CVRM, a virus with similar protective efficacy.The CVRM virus was cloned as a bacterial artificial chromosome, by insertion of mini-F sequences into the US2 gene by homologous recombination. (thepoultrysite.com)
  • TM-1 genome by integrating whole-genome shotgun reads, bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)-end sequences and genotype-by-sequencing genetic maps. (bvsalud.org)
  • has been identified as the 2nd most consensus (ERIC) sequences which · 60 environmental samples were tak- frequent organism causing ventilator- are common to Gram-negative enteric en throughout the ICU, including associated pneumonia, the 4th most bacteria [11,12]. (who.int)
  • United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Plant Genome, Genetics and Breeding Program of USDA-CSREES-NIFA grant 2009-65300-05645 'Advancing the Barley Genome' and 2011-68002-30029 'TriticeaeCAP' to T.J.C., S.L. and G.J.M. (umn.edu)
  • Her research interests are in livestock molecular genetics and include the genome organization of Bovidae, genome mapping in Bovidae and genetics of lipid metabolism in cattle. (edu.au)
  • In addition, a 550-kbp contig composed of 6 BAC clones was constructed that encompassed two adjacent RFLP markers on chromosome 2. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Additionally, the 1.1 million WGP tags will support efficient assignment of sequence scaffolds to the BAC clones, and thus an efficient sequencing of BAC pools with targeted genome regions of interest. (frontiersin.org)
  • By reiterating this "sequence-then-map by computer analysis against the STC database" strategy, a minimum tiling path of clones can be sequenced at a rate that is primarily limited by the sequencing throughput of individual genome centers. (jcvi.org)
  • Development of comparative physical gene maps for cattle, sheep, goat and deer by fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) using ovine bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones. (edu.au)
  • However, the lack of a reference genome sequence hampers research progress for both academic and applied purposes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • japonica reference genome sequence. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Construction of a map-based reference genome sequence for barley, Hordeum vulgare L. (umn.edu)
  • The map-based reference genome sequence of barley cv. (umn.edu)
  • Dive into the research topics of 'Construction of a map-based reference genome sequence for barley, Hordeum vulgare L.'. Together they form a unique fingerprint. (umn.edu)
  • We describe the establishment and analysis of a genus-wide comparative framework composed of 12 bacterial artificial chromosome fingerprint and end-sequenced physical maps representing the 10 genome types of Oryza aligned to the O. sativa ssp. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The completion of the first human genome drafts (Yamey 2000 ) was just a start of the modern DNA sequencing era which resulted in further invention, improved development toward new advanced strategies of high-throughput DNA sequencing, so called the " high-throughput next generation sequencing " (HT-NGS). (springer.com)
  • The research team, which comprises investigators from more than two dozen public and private organizations, started shortly after the first library of the barley genome was created back in 2000. (genomeweb.com)
  • Whole genome profiling (WGP) is a sequence-based physical mapping technology and uses sequence tags generated by next generation sequencing for construction of bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) contigs of complex genomes. (frontiersin.org)
  • Because the STC resource permits the easy integration of genetic, physical, gene, and sequence maps for chromosomes, it will be a powerful tool for the initial analysis of the human genome and other complex genomes. (jcvi.org)
  • Sequence-tagged connectors: a sequence approach to mapping and scanning the human genome. (jcvi.org)
  • With the ongoing developments of high throughput sequencing machines and advancement of modern bioinformatics tools at unprecedented pace, the target goal of sequencing individual genomes of living organism at a cost of $1,000 each is seemed to be realistically feasible in the near future. (springer.com)
  • We should think of the human genome as a database of critical information that serves as a tool for exploring the workings of the cell and, ultimately, understanding how a complex living organism functions. (learner.org)
  • Our strategy is to develop bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)-end sequence (BES) physical frameworks of the ten genome types of Oryza and align them to the reference sequence. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Chromosome analysis of cancer cells has been one of the primary means of identifying key genetic events in the development of cancer. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The relatively low resolution of metaphase chromosomes, however, only allows characterization of major genetic events that are defined at the megabase level. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Analysis of tumor DNA samples using these arrays reveals small deletions and amplifications that were not detectable by chromosome analysis and provides a global view of these genetic changes in a single hybridization experiment in 24 hours. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Cowell, JK & Nowak, NJ 2003, ' High-Resolution Analysis of Genetic Events in Cancer Cells Using Bacterial Artificial Chromosome Arrays and Comparative Genome Hybridization ', Advances in Cancer Research , vol. 90, pp. 91-125. (elsevierpure.com)
  • For the future direction, we need the in-depth genome sequence information and analysis for most of the mammals, including human to fully understand genome variation of economic traits, genetic susceptibility to diseases, and pharmacogenomics of drug response. (springer.com)
  • This data will be used in genome-wide association analyses to identify suitable genetic markers to track disease resistance phenotypes in dairy cattle. (usda.gov)
  • Although the notion that malaria has helped shape the human genome is well- accepted, the lack of a nucleus in human erythrocytes has hindered our ability to study genetic interactions between these unusual host cells and P. falciparum parasites. (stanford.edu)
  • Venter says researchers investigating the genetic foundations of life came up with the idea of manufacturing a bacterial chromosome 15 years ago. (voanews.com)
  • In order to distinguish their synthetic genome from a natural one, Venter says researchers inserted 'watermarks' into the new genetic code. (voanews.com)
  • The mecA gene is carried as a mobile genetic element in a staphylococcal chromosome cassette (SCC), with the entire complex known as the SCCmec element. (medscape.com)
  • The characterization of BES provided insights on the rainbow trout genome. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The discovery of specific repeat elements will facilitate analyses of sequence content (e.g. for SNPs discovery and for transcriptome characterization) and future genome sequence assemblies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cosmid End-sequence profiling Fosmid Human artificial chromosome Secondary chromosome Yeast artificial chromosome O'Connor M, Peifer M, Bender W (June 1989). (wikipedia.org)
  • To overcome the difficulties arising when using artificial yeast chromosomes, alternative vector systems have been designed, among which the most popular at present are systems based on artificial chromosomes of bacteria - BAC. (genomequebecplatforms.com)
  • We are here today to announce the first synthetic cell -- a cell made by starting with the digital code in the computer, building the chromosome from four bottles of chemicals, assembling that chromosome in yeast, transplanting it into a recipient bacterial cell and transforming that cell into a new bacterial species,' he said. (voanews.com)
  • The expansion in genome size appears to be characteristic of the organisms closely related to A. oryzae , as the estimated genome size of its close relatives A. flavus (W. Nierman, personal communication) and Aspergillus niger 8 is comparable to that of A. oryzae . (nature.com)
  • Competitive hybridization to these arrays using tumor and normal DNA samples reveals numerical chromosome abnormalities (deletions and amplifications) that can be accurately defined depending on the density of the arrays. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Integration of alien rDNA in the recipient genome was further proved by Southern blotting and fluorescence in situ hybridization using specific probes. (cas.cz)
  • NEW YORK (GenomeWeb) - After more than a decade of collaborative work, a team led by researchers at the University of California in Riverside has published details of its successful efforts in sequencing large gene-rich portions of the barley genome. (genomeweb.com)
  • Although a draft of the barley genome was published in 2012 , it included equivalent information on only a relatively small number of these gene-containing regions. (genomeweb.com)
  • Sequencing the whole barley genome has been a challenge because barley possesses a large and highly repetitive genome of 5.1 Gb - almost twice the size of the human genome (3.2 Gb). (genomeweb.com)
  • Close said one of the biggest challenges was finding a way to "shrink the barley genome" by focusing "only on a small section that held the information that people were interested in. (genomeweb.com)
  • Close worked closely with his colleague, Stefano Lonardi, a computer scientist at UC Riverside, to develop new algorithms to sequence these smaller gene-rich areas of the barley genome. (genomeweb.com)
  • The researchers contributing to and using the HarvEST:Barley database have helped fill in many information gaps for the barley genome, but the International Barley Sequencing Consortium (IBSC) is leading the efforts to produce a whole sequenced genome. (genomeweb.com)
  • â € Morex' was constructed by the International Barley Genome Sequencing Consortium (IBSC) using hierarchical shotgun sequencing. (umn.edu)
  • This work was carried out under the auspices of the International Barley Genome Sequencing Consortium and supported from the following funding sources: German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) grant 0314000 'BARLEX' and 0315954 'TRITEX' to M.P., U.S. and N.S and 031A536 'de.NBI' to U.S. Leibniz Association grant ('Pakt f. (umn.edu)
  • National Science Foundation grant DBI 0321756 'Coupling EST and Bacterial Artificial Chromosome Resources to Access the Barley Genome' to T.J.C. and S.L. (umn.edu)
  • Seven of eight simple sequence repeats markers that are located on five different chromosomes and linked with resistance to Verticillium wilt could amplify the 50 superpools and obtained one to five hits. (geneticsmr.com)
  • Then, known segments of the marked chromosomes (which can contain very small fragments of DNA) are cloned in plasmids . (learner.org)
  • Upon acquiring two unique plasmids (pMT1 and pPCP1) and genome rearrangement during the evolution from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, the plague causative agent Y. pestis is closely related to Y. pseudotuberculosis genetically but became highly virulent. (cdc.gov)
  • The genome sequence was analyzed with several gene prediction methods to produce a comprehensive gene list that was then manually refined and annotated by a volunteer team of sea urchin experts. (nih.gov)
  • analyses gradually elucidated the perfected genome-scale metabolic map of C. glutamicum , expanding the scope of its application. (frontiersin.org)
  • The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that deletions of varying sizes in de novo apparently balanced chromosome rearrangements are a significant cause of phenotypic abnormalities. (nih.gov)
  • WGP TM technology has proved to provide a robust physical map of the pea genome, which would have been difficult to assemble using traditional restriction digestion based methods. (frontiersin.org)
  • This sequence-based physical map will be useful to assemble the genome sequence of pea. (frontiersin.org)
  • We sought to assemble alternative haplotypes of regions of the cattle genome that may harbor alleles that confer increased disease resistance or susceptibility. (usda.gov)
  • It took three such insertions to assemble the M. mycoides genome, which scientists then transferred into a second bacterium called Mycoplasm capricolum. (voanews.com)
  • Their eventual hope is to create a complete reference genome for barley to help scientists better understand this important global food crop, how it might react to the effects of global climate change, and if there is anything that can be done to keep barley a viable food source decades down the line. (genomeweb.com)
  • Similar to the Apollo project that met President Kennedy's goal of a manned lunar landing by 1970, the genome project also succeeded - beyond the dreams of the scientists who proposed it. (learner.org)
  • In a groundbreaking achievement, scientists have created an artificial genome capable of controlling and replicating a living cell. (voanews.com)
  • In a series of commentaries in the journal Nature, scientists from a variety of disciplines and institutions hailed the creation of a synthetic genome as an important, historic advance in biology. (voanews.com)
  • To facilitate M. grisea genome analysis, physical mapping, and positional cloning, we have constructed a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library from the rice infecting strain 70-15. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • In this study, these difficulties were overcome by cloning the entire AlHV-1 genome as a stable, infectious and pathogenic bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC). (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Cloning and mutagenesis of the murine gammaherpesvirus 68 genome as an infectious bacterial artificial chromosome. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • In the process of cloning the entire Md11 genome in a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) vector, we obtained an infectious clone in which the entire terminal repeat short segment (TRS) was replaced by a portion of the duck genome. (usda.gov)
  • For this purpose, the VP2 gene of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) was cloned into CVRM genome by recombination. (thepoultrysite.com)
  • A bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) is a DNA construct, based on a functional fertility plasmid (or F-plasmid), used for transforming and cloning in bacteria, usually E. coli. (wikipedia.org)
  • One special type of plasmid used for genome sequencing is a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) , which can contain DNA fragments of about 150 kb. (learner.org)
  • However, unlike the bacteriophage, which, during a latent (lysogenic) state, integrates its chromosome into the chromosome of the host bacteriophage, the P1 phage maintains the chromosome in the cytoplasm of bacterial cells in the form of a circular covalently closed molecule resembling a plasmid, the size of which is 100 kbp. (genomequebecplatforms.com)
  • A similar vector system called PAC (p1-derived artificial chromosome) was made on the basis of a bacterial P1 plasmid from the DNA of the P1 phage. (genomequebecplatforms.com)
  • P. 2194 middle column 2nd paragraph: 'Genome assembly relied on the use of several types of data, including clone-based sequence, whole-genome sequence from libraries with three insert sizes [2 kb, 10 kb, and 130 kb], and a Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC)-based sequence-tagged site (STS) content map. (harvard.edu)
  • These lines, along with a manipulable bacterial artificial chromosome of the approximately 165kbp viral genome, have allowed the study of viral structure, assembly, gene expression and pathogenesis. (virginia.edu)
  • Year 2011 is celebrated as the 10th anniversary since the human genome was first sequenced ( www.nature.com/natureconferences/hg10years/index.html ). (springer.com)
  • During this period, tremendous success has been achieved in the fields of decoding of human genome, technological advancement of new era of human genome applications, toward personalized genomes and discovery of rare variants, leveraging genome sequencing to impact on cancer researches and mammalian evolution and population structure. (springer.com)
  • In 1986 Nobel laureate Renato Dulbecco laid down the gauntlet to the scientific community to sequence the complete human genome. (learner.org)
  • Like the conquest of space, sequencing the human genome required the development of wholly new technologies. (learner.org)
  • The human genome, containing more than three billion nucleotides, is vast. (learner.org)
  • The capstone, of course, was the completion of the human genome sequence. (learner.org)
  • In 2001 two rival teams jointly announced the completion of a draft sequence of the entire human genome, consisting of more than three billion nucleotides. (learner.org)
  • One major surprise emerged from the sequencing of the human genome. (learner.org)
  • 4. Investigations into the structural connection between viral and human genomes during latent (chronic) infection, in a collaborative effort with the laboratory of Mitchell Smith and using sub-nanometer microscopy. (virginia.edu)
  • The IBSC aims to have more than 95 percent of the genome sequenced in the coming year. (genomeweb.com)
  • Genome-wide association study identifies variants screening. (who.int)
  • Two general strategies have been used in the sequencing of large genomes: clone-based sequencing and whole genome sequencing (Fig. 1). (learner.org)
  • Genome skimming coupled by PacBio HiFi sequencing of a bacterial artificial chromosome clone derived from flow-sorted nuclei was used to characterise the alien 45S rDNA. (cas.cz)
  • Abstract: '[Researchers] have determined the nucleotide sequence of nearly all of the approximately 120-megabase euchromatic portion of the Drosophila genome using a whole-genome shotgun sequencing strategy supported by extensive clone-based sequence and a high-quality bacterial artificial chromosome physical map. (harvard.edu)
  • Comparison of the three aspergilli species revealed the presence of syntenic blocks and A. oryzae -specific blocks (lacking synteny with A. nidulans and A. fumigatus ) in a mosaic manner throughout the genome of A. oryzae . (nature.com)
  • By 2003 biologists had sequenced genomes from about one hundred different species. (learner.org)
  • Whole genome comparative platforms within a genus are still in their infancy, with the most notable exception being the generation of whole genome shotgun assemblies of 12 Drosophila species that span an evolutionary time frame of approximately 60 million years [ 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Gossypium tomentosum is a wild allotetraploid species with the (AD) 5 genome. (geneticsmr.com)
  • We constructed the first bacterial artificial chromosome library for Gossypium tomentosum . (geneticsmr.com)
  • To be able to directly compare the impact of the PC on the levels of neutralizing antibody (NT-abs) responses, a PC-positive variant of the HCMV laboratory strain Towne was established by bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) mutagenesis (Towne-UL130rep). (asm.org)
  • WGP is designed based on the use of sequence tags generated by next generation sequencing (NGS) and is a powerful alternative to traditional DNA fingerprinting based physical mapping technologies, and also simultaneously generates a partial genome sequence. (frontiersin.org)
  • Genome mapping in Bovidae. (edu.au)
  • Microarray-based techniques for genome-wide investigation of copy number aberrations (CNAs) have recently gained much attention. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The genome was confirmed to comprise eight chromosomes (chromosomes 1-8 in decreasing size), the assignment of which is different from a previous report 7 ( Supplementary Table S1 and schematic drawing in Supplementary Fig. S1 ). (nature.com)
  • One first constructs a map of the chromosomes, marking them at regular intervals of about 100 kilobases (kb). (learner.org)
  • The size of the replicon, which is able to provide replication of the P1 chromosome in the lysogenic state, is only 1.5 kb. (genomequebecplatforms.com)
  • Her PhD in Matthew Waldor's lab focused on defining essential replication factors for the two Vibrio cholerae chromosomes. (stanford.edu)
  • We are currently investigating whether the replacement of the TRS with host genome DNA influences tumor incidence. (usda.gov)