Genetic variation genetics asian continental ancestry group. Medical search. Frequent questions

Human genetic clustering refers to patterns of relative genetic similarity among human individuals and populations, as well as the wide range of scientific and statistical methods used to study this aspect of human genetic variation. (wikipedia.org)
Clustering studies are thought to be valuable for characterizing the general structure of genetic variation among human populations, to contribute to the study of ancestral origins, evolutionary history, and precision medicine. (wikipedia.org)
A wide range of methods have been developed to assess the structure of human populations with the use of genetic data. (wikipedia.org)
In other words, algorithms like STRUCTURE generate results that assume the existence of discrete ancestral populations, operationalized through unique genetic markers, which have combined over time to form the admixed populations of the modern day. (wikipedia.org)
For example, many clustering studies use data derived from populations that are geographically distinct and far apart from one another, which may present an illusion of discrete clusters where, in reality, populations are much more blended with one another when intermediary groups are included. (wikipedia.org)
Identification of genetic structure within wildlife populations have implications in their conservation and management. (nature.com)
2000 ). Traditionally, upon the advent of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technology, genetic variation within wild populations used to be determined either employing a handful of neutral microsatellite markers or assessing mitochondrial DNA sequences (Chapman et al. (nature.com)
The concentration of research and resources within one ancestral group has the potential to further perpetuate and even exacerbate known disparities that negatively affect populations with ancestry that is underrepresented in research (see Box 1: "What do we mean by ancestry? (nature.com)
In the context of this paper, ancestry is defined using genetic variants based on the distribution of those variants in worldwide populations. (nature.com)
By comparing segments of DNA with the distribution of genetic variants in worldwide populations, it is possible to determine the likely "parental" or source population for each segment of DNA, indicating a component of the individual's overall ancestry. (nature.com)
Obviously individuals and populations exhibit genetic relationships to each other contingent upon the patterns of the variation of base pairs (A, C, G, and T) across the genomes of individuals, but there's no reasonable way to comprehend this 'by eye' when you're talking about hundreds of thousands of markers. (discovermagazine.com)
Notice above that the first dimension of variation (PC1) separates the Europeans from all the African populations. (discovermagazine.com)
The second dimension of variation (PC2) separates the hunter-gatherer populations of Africa from the agriculturalists. (discovermagazine.com)
While the Argentinean and Brazilian national populations have roughly the same degree of pre-1500 European ancestry, Argentine has a White European national image while Brazil has a multiracial one. (humanvarieties.org)
Across the Americas, Amerindian and African (versus European) ancestry was found to be negatively correlated in admixed populations (e.g. (humanvarieties.org)
Yes, different populations vary in some of the 0.1 percent of the genome that makes up much of human genetic diversity, but this variation does not represent biological races no matter how one manipulates/packages/represents it. (freethoughtblogs.com)
In regions of the world such as Central Asia, East Africa, or Latin America where traditional physical anthropology has believed that intermixture of races has created mixed-race populations, genetics has invariably shown the hybridity of these populations. (blogspot.com)
However, it is recognized that the sample size is at present too small to exclude any competing hypothesis about a possible North African genetic contribution to the genesis of the Iberian peninsula populations. (blogspot.com)
Phylogeographic analyses show that the haplogroup composition of the ancient Iberians was very similar to that found in modern Iberian Peninsula populations, suggesting a long-term genetic continuity since pre-Roman times. (blogspot.com)
In summary, in community-based populations with more than 7,000 African Americans, we found that genetic ancestry is significant associated with type 2 diabetes above and beyond the effects of markers of SES, and we detected several suggestive loci that may harbor genetic variants modulating diabetes risk. (emilkirkegaard.dk)
In this perspective, we contend that the study of pharmacogenomic variation within and between human populations-population pharmacogenomics-can and should be leveraged in support of health equity. (bvsalud.org)
The assessment of cattle diversity reported here contributes an unbiased global view to genetic differentiation and structure of taurine and zebu cattle populations, which is essential for an effective conservation of the bovine genetic resources. (biomedcentral.com)
Several research initiatives have combined molecular marker datasets with historic and archaeological records in order to investigate the origin, history, genetic diversity, and differentiation of cattle populations (see Groeneveld et al . (biomedcentral.com)
The term race refers to the concept of dividing people into populations or groups on the basis of various sets of characteristics and beliefs about common ancestry. (daynal.org)
Second, the International HapMap Project shortly followed behind as a multicountry effort to identify and catalog common genetic similarities and differences across populations ( http://hapmap.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ ). (nih.gov)
Finally, since 2008, the 1000 Genomes Project seeks to discover and more finely catalogue genetic variation, particularly those variants that occur at lower frequencies in different populations ( www.1000genomes.org ). (nih.gov)
In addition, this project expands the study of human populations around the world to capture more genetic diversity. (nih.gov)
Furthermore, in several populations of Asia we found evidence for relatively recent genetic admixture events, which could have obscured the signatures of the earliest processes. (biorxiv.org)
To demonstrate its capabilities, we compared the FST distributions of GenoChip SNPs to those of two commercial arrays for three continental populations. (blogspot.com)
Furthermore, we show that these patterns contribute to disparities in predicted genetic risk across 1,397 HapMap individuals, T2D genetic risk being consistently higher for individuals in the African populations and lower in the Asian populations, irrespective of the ethnicity considered in the initial discovery of risk alleles. (blogspot.com)
The African continent is home to 1.2 billion people, 17% of the world's population, and a large proportion of human genetic diversity and yet African populations are relatively under-studied with only 3% of Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) samples coming from African ancestries (1), mostly African Americans. (madcapnetwork.org)
Polygenic Risk Scores for prostate cancer have been developed by European and Asian studies but they do not work as well in African populations for several reasons. (madcapnetwork.org)
For example, European and Asian studies miss many alleles that are present in African populations due to the much greater genetic diversity in Africa. (madcapnetwork.org)
It is critical that genetic association studies be undertaken in African populations to expand our understanding of genomic diversity in all populations. (madcapnetwork.org)

Much of his assertion that biological races exist within humans is contingent upon both his uncritical acceptance and misrepresentation of the significance of STRUCTURE type analyses of human genetic diversity. (thisviewoflife.com)
The paucity of data on individuals with African ancestry is especially noteworthy as Africa is the birthplace of modern humans and harbors the greatest genetic diversity. (nature.com)
In his posts on this topic Ta-Nehisi repeatedly points to the real diversity in physical type and ancestry among African Americans, despite acknowledging implicitly the shared preponderant history. (discovermagazine.com)
Human genetic diversity and the nonexistence of biological races. (kss.org.pl)
An emerging consensus holds that race and ethnicity are social constructs and thus poor proxies for genetic diversity. (bvsalud.org)
Regardless of whether there was a single major expansion or two, several DNA studies clearly showed that genetic diversity tends to decrease [ 21 , 22 ] and linkage disequilibrium to increase [ 23 , 24 ] at increasing distances from Africa. (biorxiv.org)
Maps of effective migration as a summary of human genetic diversity. (blogspot.com)

1] Scholars in the field of genetics have established that Homo sapiens originated in Africa in about 200,000 B.P., and that our species subsequently displaced all previous hominid species. (historycooperative.org)
The information developed from these three projects has transformed the field of genetics and led to genome-wide association studies (GWASs), which aim to identify regions of the genome that are associated with diseases. (nih.gov)
Dressed in a loose, well-pressed suit with eyeglasses that make him appear the stereotype of the quintessential scientist, he expounds on a topic that has recently commanded headlines and captured imaginations the world over-how the field of genetics has been illuminating and even revolutionizing what we know about human evolution and the human prehistoric past. (popular-archaeology.com)

They looked at 450,000 genetic variants (SNPs) per person (there are somewhat more than 10 million SNPs in the human genome). (discovermagazine.com)
Pharmacogenomic variants are genetic differences associated with how patients respond to medications, and their presence can inform treatment decisions. (bvsalud.org)
The key observation in support of this contention is that racial and ethnic groups exhibit pronounced differences in the frequencies of numerous pharmacogenomic variants, with direct implications for clinical practice. (bvsalud.org)
The HapMap project mapped these common differences in the genome and, in 2007, published the human haplotype map with over 3 million identified human genetic variants. (nih.gov)
Standard GWASs testing now is available, which can query over a million variants that differ in only a single DNA building block (i.e., single nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs]), indexing variations in the human genome and thereby providing relatively easy access to an individual's genetic makeup (i.e., genotype). (nih.gov)
These types of studies already have uncovered thousands of genetic variants that alter the risk of developing many complex diseases, including type 2 diabetes, Crohn's disease, and Parkinson's disease (Hindorff et al. (nih.gov)
[6] [13] About half of these genetic cases are due to disease-causing variants in one of four specific genes . (wikipedia.org)
We developed a framework for inference of germline variants from tumor panel sequencing, including imputation, quality control, inference of genetic ancestry, germline polygenic risk scores, and HLA alleles. (biomedcentral.com)
A number of common genetic variants have been associated with diabetes risk. (blogspot.com)
We validated the algorithm's predictions by characterizing 646 genetic system variants, encoded in plasmids and genomes, expressed in six gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial hosts. (omictools.com)

The genetic answer is clear: 80 per cent of modern Europeans descend from the old hunter-gatherer gene types, and only 20 per cent from Near Eastern farmers. (india-forum.com)
In unsupervised analyses, a Sardinian-specific ancestry component correlates with shared drift parameters with both the Neolithic farmers and Paleolithic hunter-gatherers, and is consistent with supervised estimates of ancestry proportions in which the Ogliastra individuals have higher Neolithic farmer and Paleolithic hunter-gatherer ancestries, while individuals from the rest of the island show an infusion of the pastoralist ancestry. (blogspot.com)

There are caveats and limitations to genetic clustering methods of any type, given the degree of admixture and relative similarity within the human population. (wikipedia.org)
Previously, a literature review was conducted regarding continental racial admixture and educational attainment and/or socioeconomic status. (humanvarieties.org)
Some of these predict that the ancestry-outcome association will generalize spatially, such that admixture will be correlated with outcomes across regions and nations. (humanvarieties.org)
The association between regional ancestral and cognitive related outcome variation in Mexico will first be explored, since for this county reliable regional admixture estimates, at least with regards to European and Amerindian ancestry, and outcome measures are available and also since there is a good deal of spatial variation in admixture (and outcomes). (humanvarieties.org)
Groups such as African Americans who were known to have acquired a large degree of Caucasoid admixture due to the social definition of a "black" in the United States, have been shown to be a group with around 20-25% European admixture. (blogspot.com)
Although admixture analysis is commonplace in medical genetics and in scientific anthropology, somehow the interpretation of such findings is totally different when one changes the trait. (emilkirkegaard.dk)
Thus we sought 1) to establish the association of genetic ancestry with diabetes and related quantitative traits in African Americans, after accounting for the non-genetic risk factors, and 2) to identify diabetes susceptibility loci by conducting a genome-wide admixture mapping scan. (emilkirkegaard.dk)
The results of that analysis suggest that even this small number of markers is sufficient to place a sample in a continental group with high accuracy, but insufficient to estimate levels of admixture. (blogspot.com)

It is beyond reasonable dispute that Africans (and people with African descent) have greater frequencies of genes believed to present a risk for type two diabetes, while East Asians, and people of East Asian descent have a lower frequency of these genes. (blogspot.com)
HOWEVER, the Chinese - as do East Asians in general - only perform significantly (hugely) better than whites on visuo-spatial intelligence. (akarlin.com)

We also inferred the split between the ancestral Middle-Eastern population and contemporary Europeans to be as recent as ≈11,000±500ya, suggesting the genetic origin of modern-day Europeans is predominantly Neolithic, and much later than the first dated Homo sapiens migration into Europe. (blogspot.com)
Smedley 1999) As Europeans encountered people from different parts of the world , they speculated about the physical, social, and cultural differences among various human groups. (daynal.org)
Meltzer 1993) Drawing on Classical sources and upon their own internal interactions - for example, the hostility between the English and Irish was a powerful influence on early thinking about the differences between people (Takaki 1993) - Europeans began to sort themselves and others into groups associated with physical appearance and with deeply ingrained behaviors and capacities. (daynal.org)
OK Oleg, but almost all modern day Europeans, especially those from across Northern and Eastern Europe, do derive a lot of their ancestry from Bronze Age steppe groups closely related to the Yamnaya people of the North Caspian. (blogspot.com)
For haplogroup R1b, we identified a previously unstudied "eastern" branch, R1b-GG400, found in East Europeans and West Asians and forming a brother clade to the "western" branch R1b-L51 found in West Europeans. (blogspot.com)
My opinion is that they're at least as important as genome-wide data when tracking the movements across vast space and time of highly patriarchal and patrilineal groups like the ancient Indo-Europeans. (blogspot.com)

Early studies of within and between-group genetic variation used physical phenotypes and blood groups, with modern genetic studies using genetic markers such as Alu sequences, short tandem repeat polymorphisms, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), among others. (wikipedia.org)
By processing a large number of SNPs (or other genetic marker data) in different ways, both approaches to genetic clustering tend to converge on similar patterns by identifying similarities among SNPs and/or haplotype tracts to reveal ancestral genetic similarities. (wikipedia.org)
Such ancestry informative markers (AIMs), have rarely been developed for endangered species such as tigers utilizing single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). (nature.com)
These 49 SNPs were sufficient to recapitulate the population genetic structure obtained from the whole genome data. (nature.com)

Many studies of human genetic clustering have been implicated in discussions of race, ethnicity, and scientific racism, as some have controversially suggested that genetically derived clusters may be understood as proof of genetically determined races. (wikipedia.org)
According to Nicholas Wade, "Humans cluster into five continental groups or races, and within each race there are further subclusters. (thisviewoflife.com)
And if you've followed along with me in my arguments, then you should be convinced that race is real, the groups we usually call races are social kinds, their social construction involves problematic notions, the categories themsevles came into existence from false views, their current existence is nonetheless real, and where racial boundaries are drawn can vary from place to place, across time, and even from conversation to conversation. (parableman.com)
If you followed me in my line of reasoning in the last post, you would also agree with me that there are groups that biology can identify that seem perfectly reasonably to call races but that are not remotely like the old biological theories of race and are much closer to the social kind races that we refer to in ordinary conversation. (parableman.com)
Our ordinary racial terms don't quite refer to precisely the same groups as these newly recognized biological races, however, so it wouldn't be accurate to say that these groups are the same races that we ordinarily speak of. (parableman.com)
From left to right, the FBI assigns the above individuals to the following races: White, Black, Hispanic, Asian. (kss.org.pl)
Physical anthropologists have long believed in continental races, although they may have differed as to the number of these races. (blogspot.com)
Whenever individuals from around the world are clustered based on a large number of loci, invariably the major races emerge as clusters of genetic similarity. (blogspot.com)
Conceptions of race, as well as specific ways of grouping races , vary by culture and over time, and are often controversial for scientific as well as social and political reasons. (daynal.org)
The controversy ultimately revolves around whether or not races are natural kinds or socially constructed, and the degree to which observed differences in ability and achievement, categorised on the basis of race, are a product of inherited (i.e. genetic) traits or environmental, social and cultural factors. (daynal.org)

Nature Genetics, 50(6):857-864, 2018. (harvard.edu)

For clarity, and to be consistent with recently published guidelines for characterizing ancestry in genomic research, 10 we here use "individuals of African ancestry" to describe sub-Saharan Africans and those who identify as African American or Afro-Caribbean. (nature.com)
The above plot is from Characterizing the admixed African ancestry of African Americans , a 2009 paper with 94 Africans of diverse geographic origins, 136 African Americans, and 38 European Americans. (discovermagazine.com)
However, often brutal conflicts between ethnic groups have existed throughout history and across the world, and racial prejudice against Africans also exists today in non-colonised countries such as China and Japan. (kss.org.pl)
From a genomic perspective, we are all Africans," he said with clear assurance-his work has also helped to show that all humans can trace their ancestry far back to a small population of Africans who later expanded and spread out across the globe. (popular-archaeology.com)
doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1002621) shows that essentially every known gene associated with risk for Type Two Diabetes is more common in Africans than in Asians. (blogspot.com)

STRUCTURE produces for individuals an estimate of the probability that a randomly chosen genetic marker (e.g. single tandem repeats, STR, or single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNP) from that individual originated from one of a set of ancestral groups. (thisviewoflife.com)

The number of ancestral groups, K, is chosen to produce a best estimate of these probabilities, which are averaged over all genetic markers to assign a membership coefficient, namely a fraction of each individual's ancestry to one of the ancestral groups (Feldman 2010. (thisviewoflife.com)

2014) found a correlation of 0.48 between self-identified European and Amerindian racial identity and genomic ancestry in a five country sample. (humanvarieties.org)
Distinguishing genetic correlation from causation across 52 diseases and complex traits. (harvard.edu)

Accurately inferring population genetic structure requires whole-genome data across the geographical range of the species, which can be resource-intensive. (nature.com)
A cheaper strategy is to employ a subset of markers that can efficiently recapitulate the population genetic structure inferred by the whole genome data. (nature.com)
We identified four population clusters of Indian tigers with North-East, North-West, and South Indian tigers forming three separate groups, and Terai and Central Indian tigers forming a single cluster. (nature.com)
Assessing the population genetic structure of wild species is important for their management (Wultsch et al. (nature.com)
2009 ). With the advancement in next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques several thousand to millions of markers across the genome have become available for population genetic analysis, even for non-model organisms (Khan and Tyagi 2021 ). (nature.com)
His literature review concerning the population genetics theory behind these analyses and their interpretation is not comprehensive. (thisviewoflife.com)
STRUCTURE is an algorithm designed to infer population structure (cluster individuals into ancestry groups) within a species (Pritchard, Stephens, and Donnelly 2000. (thisviewoflife.com)
The ancestral groups are not specified in advance, and the population membership of individuals is removed prior to analysis. (thisviewoflife.com)
1) "In accordance with historical records, recent studies showed that AJ are genetically homogeneous with mixed European and Middle-Eastern ancestry and that the AJ population had undergone a severe bottleneck around 800ya followed by an extremely rapid expansion. (blogspot.com)
These characteristics make the AJ population highly attractive for genetic studies. (blogspot.com)
Population-genetic comparison of the AJ genomes to 26 Flemish genomes sequenced using the same technology revealed increased heterozygosity and less allele sharing in AJ, in accordance with the AJ admixed nature and partial Middle-Eastern origin. (blogspot.com)
But because they only looked at the modern population, they couldn't identify when and where the additional genetic component came from. (archaeology.org)
Shortly thereafter, the rise of population genetics provided scientists with a new understanding of the sources of phenotypic variation. (kss.org.pl)
The use of race and ethnicity to stratify pharmacogenomic risk provides a means to avoid potential harm caused by biases introduced when treatment regimens do not consider genetic differences between population groups, particularly when majority group genetic profiles are assumed to hold for minority groups. (bvsalud.org)
Although many commercial arrays exist for genome-wide SNP genotyping, they were designed for medical genetic studies and contain medically related markers that are not appropriate for global population genetic studies. (blogspot.com)
The GenoChip is a dedicated genotyping platform for genetic anthropology and promises to be the most powerful tool available for assessing population structure and migration history . (blogspot.com)
9 Although a differential ascertainment of the disease does not seem to contribute to the observed differences within the United States, it has been argued that the latitude gradient reflects primarily genetic variation within the population. (neurology.org)
Also, it is not clear which population(s) make up the "North African" group. (blogspot.com)
To examine these patterns, we manually curated ethnic disease association data from 5,065 papers on human genetic studies representing 1,495 diseases, recording the precise risk alleles and their measured population frequencies and estimated effect sizes. (blogspot.com)

Previous studies that looked at modern genomic variation proposed that there might have been more than two major migrations to Japan," says Nakagome. (archaeology.org)
He noted "It was clear a new array was needed for our GWAS because existing arrays either provided good coverage of African genomic variation or cancer loci, but not both. (madcapnetwork.org)

although individual genetic markers can be used to produce smaller groups, there are no models that produce completely distinct subgroups when larger numbers of genetic markers are used. (wikipedia.org)
And, because there is such a small fraction of genetic variation between human genotypes overall, genetic clustering approaches are highly dependent on the sampled data, genetic markers, and statistical methods applied to their construction. (wikipedia.org)
The most common multidimensional statistical method used for genetic clustering is principal component analysis (PCA), which plots individuals by two or more axes (their "principal components") that represent aggregations of genetic markers that account for the highest variance. (wikipedia.org)
This method is one where the independent dimensions of variation within the data set of the markers are pulled out. (discovermagazine.com)
In order to obtain unbiased assessments of genetic differentiation and structure in taurine and zebu cattle, we analyzed a dataset of 135 AFLP markers in 1,593 samples from 13 zebu and 58 taurine breeds, representing nine continental areas. (biomedcentral.com)
Model-based clustering and ancestry informative markers analyses suggested that this is due to taurine introgression. (biomedcentral.com)
Molecular markers have been essential to the investigation of the history and genetic differentiation of domestic cattle. (biomedcentral.com)
In its second phase, the project is focusing on markers from across the entire genome to obtain a more complete understanding of human genetic variation. (blogspot.com)

Inspection of specific genes related to AJ genetic disorders identified known disease mutations as well as dozens of additional risk alleles. (blogspot.com)
Given the observed ethnic/racial disparities in diabetes prevalence, we hypothesized that some diabetes susceptibility alleles are present at higher frequency in African Americans than in European Americans, resulting in association between genetic ancestry and diabetes risk that is independent of its association with other non-genetic risk factors for type 2 diabetes. (emilkirkegaard.dk)

Although cluster analyses invariably organize humans (or groups of humans) into subgroups, debate is ongoing on how to interpret these genetic clusters with respect to race and its social and phenotypic features. (wikipedia.org)
In fact, even if analyses based on high density genome-wide data suggest that Indians don't harbor any genome-wide European ancestry, we'd still have to accept the likelihood of gene flow - albeit perhaps very indirect gene flow - from the European steppe to India because many Indians belong to R1a1a1b2. (blogspot.com)

Characterizing the admixed African ancestry of African Americans My own inclination has been to not get bogged down in the latest race and IQ controversy because I don't have that much time, and the core readership here is probably not going to get any new information from me, since this is not an area of hot novel research. (discovermagazine.com)

For example: To what degree are differences in national racial identification related to such and such outcomes independent of genomic ancestry? (humanvarieties.org)
Prostate cancer is an excellent example of the research opportunity in Africa: it is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in African men and, globally, has higher prevalence and worse outcomes in men of African ancestry. (madcapnetwork.org)

There is an erroneous assumption that the variable genetic patterns in humans underlie relevant differences in health, behavior and even aptitude. (freethoughtblogs.com)
SIRE groups show characteristic genetic ancestry patterns, consistent with their diverse origins, together with a continuum of ancestry fractions within and between groups. (bvsalud.org)

These algorithms operate by finding the best fit for genetic data among an arbitrary or mathematically derived number of clusters, such that differences within clusters are minimized and differences between clusters are maximized. (wikipedia.org)
This persistent disparity suggests that genetic factors may contribute to ethnic differences in susceptibility to type 2 diabetes. (emilkirkegaard.dk)
The effect of ancestry on any individual locus in the genome is likely to be modest, but in aggregate, differences in ancestry may contribute substantially to the observed ethnic disparity in risk of type 2 diabetes. (emilkirkegaard.dk)
We discuss possible explanations for this paradox related to the nature of the All of Us data along with SIRE group differences in access to healthcare, diet, and lifestyle. (bvsalud.org)
Given visually complex social relationships, humans presumably have always observed and speculated about the physical differences among individuals and groups. (daynal.org)

CherokeeNationDistrict7 via Cara Cowen Watts] Finding the First Americans: Archaeology and genetics can't yet agree on when humans first arrived in the Americas. (cocherokeecircle.org)
Archaeology and genetics can't yet agree on when humans first arrived in the Americas. (cocherokeecircle.org)
He is perhaps best known for his genetic findings suggesting that Neanderthals , an extinct form of human that lived in Eurasia more than 30,000 years ago, mated with modern humans and left their genetic imprint in people who live today. (popular-archaeology.com)
There is a history buried deep within our living genes, a history that could possibly take us back to glimpse the primordial soup of our human ancestry, perhaps even as far back as the ancient proto-humans who walked the world long before modern humans. (popular-archaeology.com)

The authors simply state that they are following accepted protocol in genetic epidemiology. (emilkirkegaard.dk)

It is expected that greater representation of those with African ancestry in genomic research will bring novel insights into human biology, and lead to improvements in clinical care and improved understanding of health disparities. (nature.com)

She is the author of Origin: A Genetic History of the Americas (2022). (cocherokeecircle.org)

Archaeological evidence and historical records have suggested that a group of migrants arrived around this time, but this is the first genetic evidence of Japan's tripartite lineage. (archaeology.org)
Today, the scientific community is contending with significant amounts of new genetic and archaeological data, and it can be overwhelming and even contradictory. (cocherokeecircle.org)

These results suggest that in African Americans, genetic ancestry has a significant effect on the risk of type 2 diabetes that are independent of the contribution of SES, but that no single locus with a major effect explains a large portion of the observed disparity in diabetes risk between African Americans and European Americans. (emilkirkegaard.dk)
In addition, they suggest that genetic measured African ancestry contributes to the risk of type 2 diabetes via both genetic and non-genetic pathways. (emilkirkegaard.dk)

However, the concepts presented may extend directly to all individuals with any degree of a particular ancestry, as ancestry at a genomic locus of interest may have important health effects, regardless of self-identification. (nature.com)
Yuan ZY, Wu YK , Yan F, Murphy RW , Papenfuss TJ , Wake DB , Zhang YP, Che J. Comparative multi-locus assessment of modern Asian newts ( , , and : Salamandridae) in southern China suggests a shared biogeographic history. (academictree.org)

2018). Leveraging molecular quantitative trait loci to understand the genetic architecture of diseases and complex traits. (harvard.edu)

Higher levels of SDI are negatively associated with T2D in the Black and Hispanic groups, and higher levels of SDI are negatively associated with T2D at high levels of African and Native American ancestry. (bvsalud.org)
Conclusion: Socioeconomic deprivation is positively associated with the SIRE group T2D disparities observed here but negatively associated with T2D within the Black and Hispanic groups that show the highest T2D prevalence. (bvsalud.org)

Methods: The aims of this study were to determine whether T2D racial and ethnic disparities can be observed in data from the All of Us Research Program and to measure associations of genetic ancestry (GA) and socioeconomic deprivation with T2D. (bvsalud.org)

Of special interest to officials trying to find individuals on the basis of DNA samples that indicate a diverse genetic background is what range of phenotypical characteristics people with that general mixture of genotypical characteristics may display. (kss.org.pl)
We showcase the feasibility and utility of our framework by analyzing 25,889 tumors and identifying the relationships between genetic ancestry, polygenic risk, and tumor characteristics that could not be studied with conventional on-target tumor data. (biomedcentral.com)
a group of organisms that have a unique set of characteristics (like body shape and behavior) that distinguishes them from other organisms. (india-forum.com)
From the abstract: 'Precision prevention involves using the unique characteristics of a particular group to determine their responses to preventive interventions. (cdc.gov)

Editor's Note: Nicholas Wade's A Troublesome Inheritance: Genes, Race, and Human History attempts to report on the concept of race from a modern genetic and evolutionary perspective. (thisviewoflife.com)

The American Society of Human Genetics (ASHG) 2016 Meeting Online Planner and Abstract Search can be accessed here . (blogspot.com)
From the abstract: ' In this Review, we discuss advances in the genetics of obesity from the past decade-with emphasis on developments from the past 5 years-with a focus on metabolic consequences, and their potential implications for precision management of the disease. (cdc.gov)

Genome-wide association studies now offer a host of emerging opportunities, as well as challenges, for discovering the genetic etiology of alcohol dependence and for unveiling new treatment strategies. (nih.gov)
The ability to leverage genome-wide germline information from the wealth of the existing and ongoing targeted tumor data would broaden the scope of feasible research and offer opportunities to incorporate germline genetics into existing clinical workflows. (biomedcentral.com)
The fact that these Armenian-like, ANE-rich newcomers dampened the genome-wide affinity to ANE-proxy MA-1 on the Russian steppe might look like a contradiction, but not if we remember that the higher the Near Eastern ancestry the lower the genome-wide affinity to MA-1, and also consider that the steppe foragers probably carried a lot more ANE than the newcomers. (blogspot.com)

these include: national genomic percents, aggregate self- identified race percents, Putterman's ancestry percents, and national skin reflectance scores. (humanvarieties.org)
The All of Us Researcher Workbench was used to calculate T2D prevalence and to model T2D associations with GA, individual-level (iSDI) and zip code-based (zSDI) socioeconomic deprivation indices within and between participant self-identified race and ethnicity (SIRE) groups. (bvsalud.org)

Race is not an accurate or productive way to describe human biological variation. (rationalwiki.org)
division of social groups into categories with differential access to resources and status, assumed to be based on biological difference, but actually constructed socially. (kss.org.pl)
that race is a scientifically or epistemologically valid schema for human biological variation. (darkademic.co.uk)

This study is particularly noteworthy in that the authors explicitly present SIRE gaps that remain after extensive (sociologist fallacy style) controls as being evidence of genetic causation. (emilkirkegaard.dk)

Minority SIRE groups and socioeconomic deprivation are positively associated with T2D, when the entire cohort is analyzed together. (bvsalud.org)

AncestryDNA, an autosomal test at Ancestry.com that provides ethnicity estimates and cousin matching. (dna-explained.com)

Human genetic clusters tend to be organized by geographic ancestry, with divisions between clusters aligning largely with geographic barriers such as oceans or mountain ranges. (wikipedia.org)
One of the crucial innovations in reconceptualizing genotypic and phenotypic variation was anthropologist C. Loring Brace's observation that such variations, insofar as it is affected by natural selection, migration, or genetic drift, are distributed along geographic gradations or clines (Brace 1964). (kss.org.pl)
We present age-specific incidence rates of MS from two ongoing prospective cohort studies of US women-the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and the Nurses' Health Study II (NHS II)-and compare them by ancestry and geographic region. (neurology.org)
It is also clear that there was variation within ancient Egypt itself: geographic, temporal, and even perhaps social aspects of this variation may have existed. (blogspot.com)

It remained virtually unchallenged until the 1930s-1960s, when genetics showed it to be erroneous. (rationalwiki.org)

In part, the current contradictions in linguistic interpretations echo those of recent years in genetics and paleontology. (historycooperative.org)
However, in many areas, archaeologists face difficulties in distinguishing between Slavic and non-Slavic findings, as in the case of Chernyakhov and Przeworsk, since the cultures were also attributed to Iranian or Germanic peoples and were not exclusively connected with a single ancient tribal or linguistic group. (cloudfront.net)

Genetic testing has in fact vindicated the findings of traditional physical anthropology. (blogspot.com)
GenoChip, the Genographic Project's new genotyping array, was designed to resolve these issues and enable higher-resolution research into outstanding questions in genetic anthropology. (blogspot.com)

With this knowledge we can better understand and act on genetic susceptibility to many diseases including cancer", Dr. Rebbeck told us. (madcapnetwork.org)

Over the last decade, three large-scale projects have catalyzed a revolution in genetic technologies and studies. (nih.gov)
First, the Human Genome Project laid the foundation for modern genetic studies of disease by determining the basic sequence of the 3 billion building blocks (i.e., base pairs) that make up the human genome and by identifying the approximately 25,000 genes included in this sequence ( http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/home.shtml ). (nih.gov)
Because the cost of genetic testing has decreased with standardization and mass production, GWASs are designed as large-scale studies to examine genetic variation in thousands to tens of thousands of people. (nih.gov)
The two biggest & best studies of the genetics of caste in India are Majumder 2003 and Bamshad 2001 (both links to PDFs, see also Majumder commentary on Bamshad 2001). (india-forum.com)
In most studies of disease risk, disease incidence is known, and a potential ancestry based risk which could be due to either nature or nurture is inferred from disease incidence data after controlling for known environmental risk factors (e.g. diet), but genotype is not directly measured. (blogspot.com)

Finally, Ron Unz compares his theory to Gregory Clark's book Farewell to Alms , which argues for a eugenic mechanism in England in which the wealthy enjoyed greater reproductive success and, over the centuries, "civilized" the proles via genetic drift through downwards social mobility. (akarlin.com)

All genetic cluster findings are biased by the sampling process used to gather data, and by the quality and quantity of that data. (wikipedia.org)

So, the concept of 'race' has not been debunked by modern genetics. (blogspot.com)
Background Anthropological and genetic data agree in indicating the African continent as the main place of origin for modern human. (biorxiv.org)
I think its the case of the MODERN groups having a SNP profile NOW similar to people in the Nile Valley 3500 years ago. (blogspot.com)

Here, we evaluate the promise of including diverse individuals in genomic research in the context of recent literature on individuals of African ancestry. (nature.com)
That is because almost no African American whose ancestors are not recent immigrants from Africa lack white ancestry. (discovermagazine.com)
White European, Black African, and Amerindian - plus an "Other" group. (humanvarieties.org)
Medieval models of "race" mixed Classical ideas with the notion that humanity as a whole was descended from Shem , Ham and Japheth , the three sons of Noah , producing distinct Semitic ( Asian ), Hamitic ( African ), and Japhetic ( European ) peoples. (daynal.org)
The rise of the Atlantic slave trade , which gradually displaced an earlier trade in slaves from throughout the world, created a further incentive to categorize human groups in order to justify the subordination of African slaves. (daynal.org)

Entitled "DNA Clues to Our Inner Neanderthal", he explained how he and his team of scientists have been able to look into the complex elements of the human genome and ferret out the telltale signs of these prehistoric human cousins within our own ancestry. (popular-archaeology.com)

Anatomy1

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs2

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment18

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes44

Disciplines and Occupations9

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena3

Humanities1

Information Science6

Named Groups12

Health Care14

Geographicals9

Populations34

Diversity7

Field of genetics3

Variants10

Hunter-gatherer2

Admixture8

East Asians2

Europeans6

SNPs4

Races10

Nature Genetics1

Africans5

Single nucleotide po1

Individual's1

Correlation2

Population19

Genomic variation2

Markers8

Alleles2

Analyses2

Admixed African ancestry1

Outcomes2

Patterns2

Differences5

Humans4

Epidemiology1

Biology1

20221

Archaeological2

Type 2 diabet2

Locus2

Traits1

Negatively2

Disparities1

Characteristics4

Evolutionary1

Abstract2

Genome-wide3

Self-identified2

Biological3

Causation1

Socioeconomic1

Autosomal1

Geographic4

Erroneous1

Linguistic2

Anthropology2

Susceptibility1

Studies5

Drift1

Findings1

Modern3

African5

Scientists1