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Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic RepeatsInverted Repeat SequencesCRISPR-Associated ProteinsCRISPR-Cas SystemsBrassicaStreptococcus thermophilusDNA, IntergenicRNA, ArchaealBase SequenceSulfolobus solfataricusMolecular Sequence DataRNA, GuideGene Expression Regulation, ArchaealRepetitive Sequences, Nucleic AcidGenetic LociGenome, BacterialRNA, BacterialDNA, BacterialQuantitative Trait LociRNA CleavageChromosome MappingArchaeal VirusesPectobacteriumGenome, ArchaealBacteriophagesStreptococcus PhagesGenetic LinkageSequence Analysis, DNADNA CleavageGenetic VariationProphagesGenetic MarkersArchaeal ProteinsPyrococcus furiosusPseudomonas PhagesGenotypePhylogenyMicrosatellite RepeatsArchaeaEvolution, MolecularModels, GeneticThermoproteusMutationCrosses, GeneticPlasmidsRecombination, GeneticRNA Processing, Post-TranscriptionalNucleotide MotifsGenes, BacterialPhenotypeBacterial ProteinsLod ScoreThermococcalesClostridium thermocellumHaloferax mediterraneiPyrococcus abyssiDNA, ArchaealGenetic EngineeringInterspersed Repetitive SequencesEscherichia coliPedigreeProkaryotic CellsErwinia amylovoraEscherichia coli K12Polymorphism, Single NucleotideGenomeMacrocephalyGene Transfer, HorizontalGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseConserved SequenceMetagenomicsPolymorphism, GeneticHaloarculaMultigene FamilyGenome-Wide Association StudySulfolobusAmino Acid SequenceGene TargetingEndoribonucleasesSpecies SpecificityGeobacillusPolymerase Chain ReactionSequence AlignmentLinkage DisequilibriumDNARosaceaeDeoxyribonucleasesNew HampshireQuantitative Trait, HeritableRudiviridaeMannheimiaStaphylococcus epidermidisGene FrequencyVirusesSequence DeletionCrenarchaeotaGene OrderBacteriaMultilocus Sequence TypingCloning, Molecular
Cas9Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic RepeatsSequencesGenomes2018PhageAdaptive immuneGenomic lociRepeatsMutagenesisTherapeuticsSpacerBacteriaSpacers2020RNAsPathogensSpeciesProteinPlasmidsImmunityOrganismsMolecularEnzymeMutationsIsolatesEndonucleasesRosa26VectorsStrainsCRISPRsCrRNAsTransgenicProkaryotesSusceptibilityProteins2022Cas2LineagesResistanceInsertionsSequenceViralResearchersSystemsEditingScientistsMechanismsVariantsTransposonEndogenousSystem comprisesExpressionGeneticsChromosomeClinicalTranscriptsChromosomalReproducibility
Cas971
  • Cas9 (CRISPR associated protein 9, formerly called Cas5, Csn1, or Csx12) is a 160 kilodalton protein which plays a vital role in the immunological defense of certain bacteria against DNA viruses and plasmids, and is heavily utilized in genetic engineering applications. (wikipedia.org)
  • The CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technique was a significant contributor to the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2020 being awarded to Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna. (wikipedia.org)
  • More technically, Cas9 is a dual RNA-guided DNA endonuclease enzyme associated with the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) adaptive immune system in Streptococcus pyogenes. (wikipedia.org)
  • S. pyogenes utilizes CRISPR to memorize and Cas9 to later interrogate and cleave foreign DNA, such as invading bacteriophage DNA or plasmid DNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • In this sense, the CRISPR-Cas9 mechanism has a number of parallels with the RNA interference (RNAi) mechanism in eukaryotes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Apart from its original function in bacterial immunity, the Cas9 protein has been heavily utilized as a genome engineering tool to induce site-directed double-strand breaks in DNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • Research on the development of various cas9 variants has been a promising way of overcoming the limitation of the CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing. (wikipedia.org)
  • Native Cas9 requires a guide RNA composed of two disparate RNAs that associate - the CRISPR RNA (crRNA), and the trans-activating crRNA (tracrRNA). (wikipedia.org)
  • Scientists have suggested that Cas9-based gene drives may be capable of editing the genomes of entire populations of organisms. (wikipedia.org)
  • Since the CRISPR-Cas9 was developed from bacterial genome systems, it can be used to target the genetic material in viruses. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cas9 possesses the ability to target specific viruses by the targeting of specific strands of the viral genetic information. (wikipedia.org)
  • Work in the Marraffini lab also demonstrated that the S. pyogenes crRNA-guided Cas9 DNA nuclease constitute a formidable tool for genetic engineering. (rockefeller.edu)
  • Our lab scientists customize technologies to meet individual project needs, including specialized expertise in the use the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) systems and other approaches for direct genome editing in vivo. (nyu.edu)
  • Results: Here we describe a novel Type II-C CRISPR and its associated genes-cas1, cas2, and cas9-in several isolates of a newly discovered Bordetella species. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • The 3,117-bp cas9 endonuclease gene from this novel CRISPR-Cas system is 990 bp smaller than that of Streptococcus pyogenes, the 4,017-bp allele currently used for genome editing, and which may make it a useful tool in various CRISPR-Cas technologies. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • In a Novartis-sponsored study in the New England Journal of Medicine, researchers found that a CRISPR-Cas9-based treatment targeting promoters of genes encoding fetal hemoglobin could reduce disease symptoms. (genomeweb.com)
  • Locus develops phage therapies based on CRISPR-Cas3 gene editing technology, as opposed to the more commonly used CRISPR-Cas9, delivered by engineered bacteriophages. (wikipedia.org)
  • CRISPR-Cas3 is more destructive than the better known CRISPR-Cas9 used by companies like Caribou Biosciences, Editas Medicine, Synthego, Intellia Therapeutics, CRISPR Therapeutics and Beam Therapeutics. (wikipedia.org)
  • The molecular functions of these genes are then being investigated by using CRISPR/Cas9 and other molecular approaches. (plantcrispr.org)
  • Our aim is to develop 150 tomato lines with CRISPR/Cas9-generated mutations in a diverse array of immunity-associated genes and to make these available to researchers for assessing the role of these genes in resistance or susceptibility to bacterial, fungal, viral, oomycete, and nematode pathogens. (plantcrispr.org)
  • CRISPR/Cas9-mediated disruption of genes associated with eye pigment caused eye color to change from black to white. (universityofcalifornia.edu)
  • The addition of Cas9 will enable the use of the CRISPR gene editing tool to make efficient, targeted changes to the mosquitoes' DNA. (universityofcalifornia.edu)
  • Their long-term goal is to use Cas9-expressing mosquitoes together with another technology - called gene drives - to insert and spread genes that suppress the insects while avoiding the resistance that evolution would typically favor. (universityofcalifornia.edu)
  • Akbari and colleagues developed transgenic mosquitoes that stably express a bacterial Cas9 enzyme in the germline, enabling highly efficient genome editing using the CRISPR system. (universityofcalifornia.edu)
  • These Cas9 strains can be used to develop split-gene drives which are a form of gene-drive by which the Cas9 and the guide RNA's are inserted at separate genomic loci and depend on each other for spread. (universityofcalifornia.edu)
  • Thomson Reuters predicts that the developers of the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing approach may win the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • 21.1.2 Evaluate your Cas9 gene editing vectors: CRISPR/Cas Mediated Genome Engineering - Is your CRISPR gRNA optimized for your cell lines? (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • The most famous adaptation was CRISPR-Cas9. (medium.com)
  • This system contains only one Cas9 protein (unlike the bacterial system which used two different ones), as well as something known as guide RNA (gRNA). (medium.com)
  • This CRISPR-Cas9 system sounds great! (medium.com)
  • Yes, the CRISPR-Cas9 tool does sound like the ultimate gene-editing tool, at least in theory. (medium.com)
  • However, as scientists have discovered, the CRISPR-Cas9 tool is prone to many errors and unintended effects . (medium.com)
  • Though safer than the traditional CRISPR-Cas9 cut and paste system, it has heavy limitations on the genetic diseases it can treat. (medium.com)
  • In collaboration with Stanley Qi and the laboratories of Wendell Lim , Jonathan Weissman , and Adam Arkin , we pioneered the engineering of CRISPR-Cas proteins for new purposes by converting Cas9 into a tool for targeted control of gene expression, referred to as CRISPR interference (CRISPRi). (berkeley.edu)
  • In this platform, catalytically inactive Cas9 serves as an RNA-guided DNA binding protein to silence gene expression in a sequence-specific manner. (berkeley.edu)
  • CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing is a next-generation strategy for genetic modifications, not only for single gene targeting, but also for multiple targeted mutagenesis. (nature.com)
  • To make the most of the multiplexity of CRISPR/Cas9, we established a system for constructing all-in-one expression vectors containing multiple guide RNA expression cassettes and a Cas9 nuclease/nickase expression cassette. (nature.com)
  • We further demonstrated successful examples of multiple targeting including chromosomal deletions in human cells using the all-in-one CRISPR/Cas9 vectors constructed with our novel system. (nature.com)
  • Genome editing using clustered regularly-interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 is an easy and efficient strategy for the generation of gene-modified cells and organisms 1 , 2 . (nature.com)
  • The CRISPR/Cas9 system consists of two components: Cas9 protein and guide RNA (gRNA). (nature.com)
  • The natural Cas9 protein possesses a nuclease activity and can induce a DNA double-strand break (DSB) in any genomic sequence guided by a gRNA, provided that a protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) sequence exists in the target locus 3 , 4 , 5 . (nature.com)
  • Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (SpCas9) has been the most widely used Cas9 protein and its PAM sequence is 5′-NGG-3′, which is the only restriction for designing CRISPR/Cas9 target sequences 6 . (nature.com)
  • Here, we report an easy and efficient construction system for all-in-one CRISPR/Cas9 vectors expressing Cas9 protein and up to seven gRNAs. (nature.com)
  • In Cas9 nuclease-mediated genome editing, we constructed an all-in-one vector expressing Cas9 nuclease and seven gRNAs and targeted seven genomic loci. (nature.com)
  • In addition, the plasmids for the second-step reaction retained the structure of a CRISPR/Cas9 expression vector harboring single gRNA and Cas9 expression cassettes and can therefore be used separately for single gene targeting. (nature.com)
  • It is called the CRISPR/Cas9 System. (sbmt.org.br)
  • The CRISPR/Cas9 technology could also contribute to the enhancement of investigations related to genetic modifications in disease-transmitting insect-vectors. (sbmt.org.br)
  • CRISPR-Cas9 Confers Adaptive Immunity. (sbmt.org.br)
  • BSTM: Dr. Angela, tell us about your experience with CRISPR/Cas9. (sbmt.org.br)
  • Two research groups have published the first papers applying the CRISPR/Cas9 system to Leishmania in 2015 (groups from Y. Sterkers and G. Matlashewski, in France and Canada respectively). (sbmt.org.br)
  • BSTM: How does the CRISPR/Cas9 system work? (sbmt.org.br)
  • Genome edition by CAS9 enzyme (CRISPR-associated gene 9), an endonuclease then recognizes clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), is a transforming technology since Cas9 precisely and sequence-specifically cleaves the double DNA strand. (sbmt.org.br)
  • The advent of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, together with the plummeting cost of whole-genome sequencing, has cleared a path for the development of customised cancer cell models. (drugtargetreview.com)
  • CRISPR/Cas9 has enabled us to reliably and cost-effectively edit the genome of any target organism or cell line, 5-7 while whole-genome sequencing has enabled us to assemble massive sequence libraries for both healthy and tumour tissue, revealing the diverse genetic changes found in tumour cell populations. (drugtargetreview.com)
  • Use of CRISPR/Cas9-engineered cancer model systems to accelerate the development of targeted therapies is one example of this effect. (drugtargetreview.com)
  • Moreover, CRISPR/Cas9-engineered cancer models can be designed to mimic specific cancer genotypes found in clinical patient samples. (drugtargetreview.com)
  • CRISPR-Cas9-based genome editing has transformed the life sciences, enabling virtually unlimited genetic manipulation of genomes: The RNA-guided Cas9 endonuclease cuts DNA at a specific target sequence and the resulting double-strand breaks are mended by one of the intrinsic cellular repair pathways. (life-science-alliance.org)
  • These findings demonstrate the feasibility of using the system for generating recombinants and also highlight an unforeseen risk of using CRISPR-Cas9 for therapeutic intervention. (life-science-alliance.org)
  • CRISPR-Cas9-based genome editing has revolutionized genetic research, triggering the development of a plethora of technologies and applications that provide unprecedented control over genes in a growing list of model species ( 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ). (life-science-alliance.org)
  • Genome editing is achieved by precisely targeting the nuclease activity of a modified bacterial protein (Cas9) via a user-defined guide RNA to a specific DNA sequence ( 1 ). (life-science-alliance.org)
  • The ability of CRISPR-Cas9 to introduce several concurrent DSBs at defined positions has enabled engineering of tumor-associated chromosomal translocations resembling those observed in cancers, and hence to establish and test novel in vitro and in vivo tumor models ( 2 , 23 , 24 , 25 ). (life-science-alliance.org)
  • 26 ) leveraged the CRISPR-Cas9 system to produce other chromosomal rearrangements, generating targeted mitotic recombination events in yeast to enable the fine mapping of trait variants. (life-science-alliance.org)
  • The method is based on the Class 2 type II CRISPR/Cas9 system, which has revolutionised genetics and biomedical research in a plethora of organisms and was awarded the 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. (microbiometimes.com)
  • Biocytogen uses its proprietary CRISPR/Cas9-based Extreme Genome Editing (EGE™) system to obtain faster results by increasing the homologous recombination 10 to 20 fold. (renmab.com)
  • Recently, new plant breeding technologies (NBPTs) like transcription activator-like effector nucleases, zinc finger nucleases, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR Cas9) appeared that are the basis for genetic improvement in soybean. (cornous.com)
  • An efficient transient assay for CRISPR CAS9 system delivering targeted mutation using synthetic oligo SgRNA in soybean (Glycine max). (cornous.com)
  • Generation of a multiplex mutagenesis population via pooled CRISPR‐Cas9 in soya bean. (cornous.com)
  • CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted mutagenesis of GmSPL9 genes alters plant architecture in soybean. (cornous.com)
  • In this study, we present development and proof-of-concept of a novel CRISPR-Cas9-based genome-editing strategy for the colorimetric detection of one-step multiple gene insertion in B. subtilis . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Second, a single CRISPR-Cas9-based plasmid carrying a highly specific single guide RNA (sgRNA) targeting crtMN operon and a changeable editing template was constructed to facilitate simultaneous insertion of multiple gene-copies through homology-directed repair (HDR). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Additionally, we present nCATRAs - a novel, amplification-free TnSeq method where the insertions are enriched via CRISPR/Cas9-targeted transposon cleavage and subsequent Oxford Nanopore MinION sequencing. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats13
Sequences10
  • Within CRISPR sites, the repeats are separated by short spacer sequences that match phage or plasmid genomes and specify the targets of interference. (rockefeller.edu)
  • Spacer sequences are transcribed into CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs)-small RNAs that, through base-pairing interactions with the target sequence, guide Cas nucleases to the invasive nucleic acid to cleave it. (rockefeller.edu)
  • These systems provide adaptive immunity against mobile genetic elements specified by the spacer sequences stored within the CRISPR. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • CRISPR works like a pair of molecular scissors, cutting out and replacing specific DNA sequences based on a ribonucleic acid (RNA) guide. (universityofcalifornia.edu)
  • Next steps should be undertaken to identify the regulatory sequences that can be used to express the guide RNAs from the genome, and once these sequences are identified developing gene drives in the species should be turnkey," Akbari said. (universityofcalifornia.edu)
  • CRISPRs are genetic elements containing direct repeats separated by unique spacers, many of which are identical to sequences found in phage and other foreign genetic elements. (berkeley.edu)
  • CRISPR-harboring organisms generate immunological memory of previous infections by capturing short segments of foreign DNA for integration into CRISPR loci as spacer sequences. (berkeley.edu)
  • The geno-mic component is a DNA loci containing short frag-ments of targeted nucleic acid sequences (spacers) inter-spaced by short repeated sequences (repeats). (pjmonline.org)
  • These regions are interspaced with repeat sequences that are identical or almost identical within a single CRISPR cassette. (pjmonline.org)
  • Owing to its unique capability of targeting and altering DNA sequences, CRISPR-Cas has been exploited as the next-generation genome editing method. (microbiometimes.com)
Genomes8
  • Our lab is experienced at generating novel mutant mouse strains by using gene targeting in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and by developing novel methods of modifying rodent genomes and assaying genetically modified cells in vivo. (nyu.edu)
  • Methods: The CRISPR-Cas system has been identified using Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) against other sequenced and annotated genomes and confirmed via CRISPRfinder program. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • Both TALEN and CRISPR are chimeric endonucleases that initiate double-strand break (DSB) formation at virtually any target sequence in genomes, leading to mutagenesis. (genecopoeia.com)
  • An efficient, practical and simple tool able to work in large-scale on genomes and carry a significant acceleration in genetic function analysis processes. (sbmt.org.br)
  • With these two technologies combined, we can now better understand cancer genomes and create disease models driven by genetic abnormality. (drugtargetreview.com)
  • CRISPR systems allow us to edit, engineer, or regulate genomes, hold great promise for clinical applications, and are likely to be used to treat diseases with genetic underpinnings, including cancer ( 9 , 10 ). (life-science-alliance.org)
  • It also provided a framework to harness other CRISPR-Cas systems widespread in prokaryotic genomes and expand the CRISPR-based toolkits. (microbiometimes.com)
  • Their applications to edit bacterial genomes are rather limited. (microbiometimes.com)
20181
  • In 2018, Locus acquired a high-throughput bacteriophage discovery platform from San Francisco-based phage therapy company Epibiome, Inc. In 2019, the company entered into a strategic collaboration with Janssen Pharmaceuticals (a Johnson & Johnson company) worth up to $818 million to develop CRISPR-Cas3 drugs targeting two bacterial pathogens. (wikipedia.org)
Phage5
  • Upon infection, CRISPR arrays can acquire new spacer units that match the sequence of the infecting phage or plasmid. (rockefeller.edu)
  • A phage-encoded anti-CRISPR enables complete evasion of type VI-A CRISPR-Cas immunity. (rockefeller.edu)
  • Degradation of phage transcripts by CRISPR-associated RNases enables type III CRISPR-Cas immunity. (rockefeller.edu)
  • Conclusions: Expression of the CRISPR-Cas system and processing of crRNAs with perfect homology to prophages present in closely related species, but absent in that containing this CRISPR-Cas system, suggest it provides protection against phage predation. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • Left Panel: After a phage has injected its DNA into the bacterial cytoplasm, a protein complex forms consisting of Cas1 and Cas2. (sbmt.org.br)
Adaptive immune1
Genomic loci1
  • However, several problems remain and hinder efficient and specific editing of target genomic loci. (molcells.org)
Repeats4
  • CRISPR loci are composed of short, palindromic repeats that occur at regular intervals composed of alternate CRISPR repeats and variable CRISPR spacers between 24 and 48 nucleotides long. (wikipedia.org)
  • The clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats-CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) system provides the majority of bacteria and archaea with adaptive and hereditary immunity against this threat. (pjmonline.org)
  • 2013). However, a unique defense system involving clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats-CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) was reported recently. (pjmonline.org)
  • To circumvent this limitation, the use of a single-crossover integrative vector, which creates direct repeats of the target fragment upon its insertion into the chromosome, offers the possibility of amplifying the integrated plasmid by growing cultures in increasing concentrations of the selective antibiotic and, therefore, amplifying gene dosage in the chromosome [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Mutagenesis2
Therapeutics2
  • 21.1.4 Prediction of the Winner RNA Technology, the FRONTIER of SCIENCE on RNA Biology, Cancer and Therapeutics & The Start Up Landscape in BostonGene Editing - New Technology The Missing link for Gene Therapy? (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • However, type I CRISPR-Cas system hinges on a multi-component effector complex termed as Cascade to interfere DNA which is not readily transferrable to heterologous hosts, hindering the widespread application of these naturally abundant CRISPR for genome editing and therapeutics. (microbiometimes.com)
Spacer3
  • The spacer content of CRISPR arrays reflects the many different invaders encountered by the host and can be expanded rapidly in response to new ones. (rockefeller.edu)
  • The clinical isolate S. epidermidis RP62a harbors a CRISPR spacer that matches the nickase gene ( nes ) that is present in nearly all staphylococcal conjugative plasmids and prevents their spread. (rockefeller.edu)
  • Each CRISPR is followed by a 'spacer' section of DNA. (reverserett.org)
Bacteria8
  • Investigates how CRISPR-Cas systems provide adaptive immunity to bacteria. (rockefeller.edu)
  • CRISPR-Cas systems enable bacteria to acquire immunity against their viruses by capturing snippets of their DNA and using RNA-guided nucleases that cleave the viral DNA. (rockefeller.edu)
  • Marraffini ultimately hopes to answer fundamental questions about how CRISPR-Cas systems destroy their targets, how the genetic memory is generated, and how CRISPR-Cas immunity affects the evolution of bacteria and archaea. (rockefeller.edu)
  • The trial intends to evaluate LBP-EC01, a CRISPR Cas3-enhanced bacteriophage against Escherichia coli bacteria which cause urinary tract infections. (wikipedia.org)
  • While CRISPR technology was runner-up for the Breakthrough Technology of the Year in 2012, its presence in bacteria cells has been known since 1987. (reverserett.org)
  • When new viruses enter a bacteria cell, the CRISPR system creates a class 1 Cas protein that breaks apart the viral DNA, and stores a piece of the DNA segment into the CRISPR arrays. (medium.com)
  • The Venturelli Lab has now overturned prior knowledge about how polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs) mediate the fitness and community-level interactions of Bacteroides uniformis , one of the most abundant species of bacteria in the human gut. (wisc.edu)
  • The genomic component of the CRISPR-Cas system is formed by a series of variable spacers, which in some cases share sequence similarity with viruses, plasmids, or bacteria. (pjmonline.org)
Spacers3
  • Preceding a CRISPR sequence are cas genes which make enzymes that copy the foreign DNA sequence and insert it as small fragments into the bacterial genome as new spacers. (reverserett.org)
  • Several spacers from earlier contacts with phages are stored in the CRISPR genetic locus. (sbmt.org.br)
  • Key to CRISPR-Cas adaptive immunity is maintaining an ongoing record of invading nucleic acids, a process carried out by the Cas1-Cas2 complex that integrates short segments of foreign genetic material (spacers) into the CRISPR locus. (elifesciences.org)
20201
  • It was she, along with colleague Emmanuelle Charpentier, who made the breakthrough with CRISPR - with the pair winning the 2020 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for their efforts. (thebreakthrough.news)
RNAs1
  • The CRISPR array is transcribed and processed into mature CRISPR RNAs (crRNA), some of which have homology to prophages found in closely related species B. hinzii. (ntu.edu.sg)
Pathogens3
  • Previous efforts to use genome editing to prevent mosquitoes from spreading pathogens have been hampered by low mutation rates, poor survival of edited mosquitoes, and inefficient transmission of disrupted genes to offspring. (universityofcalifornia.edu)
  • These findings are in stark contrast with the reported heterogeneity of the species as a whole, as wells as to other bacterial pathogens mediating OM and COPD, providing important insight into M. catarrhalis pathogenesis that will aid in the development of novel therapeutic regimens. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Kirsten Bos is a specialist in ancient DNA research, with a focus on bacterial pathogens. (agbt.org)
Species8
  • Transgenic technology' refers to the transfer of a genetic material from one species to another. (ufl.edu)
  • Using Polymerase Chain Reactions (PCR) and Sanger DNA sequencing, we discovered CRISPRs in additional bacterial isolates of the same species of Bordetella. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • The CRISPR-cas locus, which is absent in all other Bordetella species, has a significantly lower GC-content than the genome-wide average, suggesting acquisition of this locus via horizontal gene transfer from a currently unknown source. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • The researcher supplied the necessary molecular constructions, and still in 2017, we started our first gene knockout experiments in different Leishmania species. (sbmt.org.br)
  • This system is present in most archaeal species and approxi-mately half of all bacterial species. (pjmonline.org)
  • These findings are consistent with the distributed genome hypothesis (DGH), which posits that the species genome possesses a far greater number of genes than any single isolate. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Both species shared a common gene pool representing 2884 genes out of a total 3244 genes. (bvsalud.org)
  • The research opened a new avenue to genomically edit those wild bacterial species and isolates, such as those with clinical and environmental significance and those forming human microbiome. (microbiometimes.com)
Protein6
  • The CAS genes are what produces the enzymes, the Cas enzyme complex and the class 1 Cas protein. (medium.com)
  • Prime editing differs from the traditional CRISPR system by using an altered version of both the Cas-9 protein and gRNA. (medium.com)
  • Using a combination of biochemical, structural, and genetic approaches, we found that Cas1 and Cas2 functions as a protein complex. (berkeley.edu)
  • The Doudna lab employs protein engineering and screening strategies to bestow CRISPR-Cas enzymes with improved and novel functionalities. (berkeley.edu)
  • In collaboration with the laboratory of David Savage , we have also developed a series of high-throughput mutant library construction, screening, and sequencing pipelines to probe CRISPR-Cas protein function and to isolate engineered variants with novel properties. (berkeley.edu)
  • Protein expression attributed to a single copy of the integrated gene usually results in lower yields of product compared to the use of high copy-number vectors. (biomedcentral.com)
Plasmids3
  • Upon transformation of engineered strains with engineered plasmids, strains harboring up to three gene copies integrated into the chromosome formed white colonies because of the removal of the crtMN operon, clearly distinguishable from yellow colonies harboring undesired genetic modifications. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To this end, a traditional approach involves the introduction of replicative plasmids, where the level of gene expression is dictated by the copy number of the plasmid in the cells [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, the use of antibiotic resistance markers limits their use in industrial applications due to both the genetic instability of many recombinant plasmids in the absence of selection and the restrictions and concerns derived from the massive abuse of antibiotics, promoting the emergence of bacterial resistance. (biomedcentral.com)
Immunity10
  • This includes the CRISPR system of adaptive immunity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Marraffini investigates the molecular mechanisms that make CRISPR immunity possible, and also explores genome editing and other potential applications for CRISPR-Cas systems. (rockefeller.edu)
  • In this way, CRISPR-Cas systems provide adaptive and inheritable immunity to the bacterial cell. (rockefeller.edu)
  • Marraffini uses Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus pyogenes as model systems for studying CRISPR immunity. (rockefeller.edu)
  • CRISPR-Cas systems exploit viral DNA injection to establish and maintain adaptive immunity. (rockefeller.edu)
  • The overarching goal of this project is to take advantage of the natural variation present in tomato and its wild relatives along with the extensive genome sequence data available to discover new genes/loci that contribute to plant immunity. (plantcrispr.org)
  • This sort of out-of-the-blue brain blast is exactly what happened in 2012 when a study about bacteria's adaptive immunity opened up the possibility for a new approach to gene therapy. (reverserett.org)
  • It was not until a series of studies between 2005 and 2007, however, that their role in the bacterial adaptive immunity was revealed. (reverserett.org)
  • We are interested in understanding and harnessing RNA-mediated control of the genome, including CRISPR-Cas bacterial adaptive immunity and related systems. (berkeley.edu)
  • A unique feature of the CRISPR-Cas system is that it provides adaptive and hereditary immunity against foreign nucleic acids, mim-icking in some ways the immune systems of eukaryotes. (pjmonline.org)
Organisms7
  • These breaks can lead to gene inactivation or the introduction of heterologous genes through non-homologous end joining and homologous recombination respectively in many laboratory model organisms. (wikipedia.org)
  • While the finished varieties do not contain DNA from other organisms, the process introduces genetic information that orchestrates the desired genetic change. (ufl.edu)
  • Many organisms contain multiple CRISPR-Cas systems suggesting that they are compatible and may share components. (wikipedia.org)
  • For genome correction by introducing target-specific genetic scissors in various organisms, it is necessary to harness the endogenous cellular DNA repair system. (molcells.org)
  • The system represents a great ease in gene edition processes in various organisms and their outcomes are important for pure knowledge, basic science and can also open new horizons to applied science. (sbmt.org.br)
  • Plant transformation techniques are well developed for making transgenic varieties in certain crops and model organisms, yet reagent delivery and plant regeneration remain key bottlenecks to applying the technology of gene editing to most crops. (frontiersin.org)
  • CRISPR (pronounced 'crisper') is a revolutionary gene-editing tool that allows scientists to make precise changes to the DNA sequence of living organisms - including human cells. (thebreakthrough.news)
Molecular6
  • His current research employs molecular genetic and biochemical approaches to analyze the function of CRISPR-Cas systems. (rockefeller.edu)
  • NYU Langone's Rodent Genetic Engineering Laboratory (RRID:SCR_017925) is a resource for researchers who want to apply advanced molecular genetic techniques in rodent models of physiology and disease. (nyu.edu)
  • Our results uncover the structural basis for foreign DNA capture and the mechanism by which Cas1-Cas2 functions as a molecular ruler to dictate the sequence architecture of CRISPR loci. (berkeley.edu)
  • The aim of this review is to summarize the current status of CRISPR-Cas research, including the mechanisms of action, the classification of different types and subtypes of these systems, and the development of new CRISPR-Cas-based molecular biology tools. (pjmonline.org)
  • LAV and DP participated in the molecular genetic studies. (peptidescost.com)
  • CRISPR technology enables scientists to target and modify specific genes within an organism's DNA, similar to using a pair of molecular scissors. (thebreakthrough.news)
Enzyme6
  • Interestingly, a genome-wide association study has shown that noncoding polymorphisms in the de novo methyltransferase enzyme DNMT3A locus are associated with a higher risk for IBD, and for Crohn´s disease (CD) in particular 11 . (nature.com)
  • In the event that viruses assault once more, a Cas enzyme complex searches for the virus's DNA match in the CRISPR array. (medium.com)
  • Intracellular gene therapy has been explored as a promising approach to control HIV contamination (see reviews[5-8]) including siRNA intrabodies HIV access targeting endonucleases as well as tailored Cre recombinase [9 10 Cre recombinase is usually a tyrosine recombinase enzyme derived from the P1 bacteriophage. (technuc.com)
  • To date, multilocus integration systems in B. subtilis , which is one of the main industrial enzyme producers and a GRAS (generally regarded as safe) microbial host, rely on iterative rounds of plasmid construction for sequential insertions of genes into the B. subtilis chromosome, which is tedious and time consuming. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For practical purposes, depending on the enzyme activity and the presence of mutations in the G6Pase and T genes, respectively, GSD type I may be subdivided into 2 major forms. (medscape.com)
  • It is an autosomal recessive disorder in which there is an AGL gene mutations which causes deficiency in glycogen debranchinging enzyme and limited storage of dextrin. (medscape.com)
Mutations2
  • Imprecise double-strand repair will introduce random mutations such as indels or point mutations, whereas precise editing will restore or specifically edit the locus as mandated by an endogenous or exogenously provided template. (life-science-alliance.org)
  • Reads mapping to the junctions are enumerated thus providing information on the number of transposon insertion mutations in each individual gene. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Isolates3
  • A total of 2383 gene clusters were identified, of which 1755 are core with the remaining 628 clusters unevenly distributed among the twelve isolates. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The untypeable isolates showed higher prevalence of hsf-1 gene as compared to others. (bvsalud.org)
  • While H. cinaedi -like strains are isolated from animals, including dog isolates belonging to a recently proposed H. canicola , little is known about the genetic differences between H. cinaedi and these animal isolates. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Endonucleases3
  • Cleavage of viral DNA by restriction endonucleases stimulates the type II CRISPR-Cas immune response. (rockefeller.edu)
  • In this minireview, we describe recent efforts made to overcome these problems by using target-specific endonucleases, including CRISPR. (molcells.org)
  • CRISPR RNA-guided endonucleases (RGENs) have rapidly emerged as a facile and efficient platform for genome editing. (cdc.gov)
Rosa2613
  • So, the "Rosa26" locus has since been used as a transgene insertion site that causes no apparent adverse effects on fitness, and permits stable gene expression. (genecopoeia.com)
  • In addition, genome editing methodology can be used to introduce transgenes at any locus, including the Rosa26 and AAVS1 Safe Harbor loci. (genecopoeia.com)
  • The Rosa26 locus in the mouse genome is a "safe harbor" which allows researchers to express genes of interest. (renmab.com)
  • CRISPR) are used to make specific DNA insertions at the Rosa26 locus. (renmab.com)
  • The rationale for scientists to use Rosa26 and other key benefits to using this type of mouse genetic model will be discussed. (renmab.com)
  • What Is the Rosa26 Locus? (renmab.com)
  • In the early 1990s, researchers isolated Rosa26, giving scientists a specific site for inserting genes to study. (renmab.com)
  • The Rosa26 locus is a useful place for inserting a gene, The location of the insertion is known - not random - and it allows scientists to study a gene without affecting the function of other genes. (renmab.com)
  • Due to its ease of knocking in DNA, the Rosa26 locus on mouse chromosome 6 is very useful for scientists. (renmab.com)
  • The stable nature of the site and the ability for scientists to control global or conditional gene expression make the Rosa26 mouse model a versatile genetic tool. (renmab.com)
  • The high level of expression of genes inserted into the Rosa26 site makes it desirable for researchers. (renmab.com)
  • Study Homozygotes Resulting From Knock-In While mice with combined genotypes prove useful for study, mice with singular genotypes from knocking in a gene at the Rosa26 site are also beneficial. (renmab.com)
  • The viability of these mice ensures the longer study of the results of the added gene at the Rosa26 location. (renmab.com)
Vectors1
  • Cas enzymes and base repair templates would be delivered via gene therapy vectors. (reverserett.org)
Strains5
  • This study re-analyzed, using multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) and whole genome sequence with single nucleotide polymorphism analysis (WGS-SNP), 52 strains which had been identified as Enterobacter sakazakii as according to the convention at the time of isolation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Akbari said these strains represent the first step toward using gene drive systems to control mosquito populations and reduce the diseases they spread. (universityofcalifornia.edu)
  • Interestingly, virB10 gene was found to have high variability among the B. abortus strains. (bvsalud.org)
  • Strains with absence or high polymorphism of virulence genes can be exploited for the development of novel vaccine candidates effective against both B. abortus and B. melitensis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Genome sequencing of multiple R. solanacearum strains has identified both unique and shared genetic traits influencing their evolution and ability to colonize plant hosts. (pacb.com)
CRISPRs1
  • Found in a specific section (or loci) in the bacterial genome, multiple CRISPRs are usually grouped together in a string. (reverserett.org)
CrRNAs1
  • The CRISPR locus is then transcribed as a long CRISPR RNA (pre-crRNA) that is digested into shorter pieces (crRNAs). (elifesciences.org)
Transgenic4
  • Does CRISPR gene editing = transgenic technology? (ufl.edu)
  • Additional traditional technologies we offer to staff, faculty, and external researchers are the production of transgenic mice by pronuclear injection of plasmid DNA or bacterial artificial chromosome DNA and the production of ESC chimeras by blastocyst injection. (nyu.edu)
  • Prior to gene targeting, researchers created transgenic mice. (renmab.com)
  • The Panax ginseng PgTIP1 gene confers enhanced salt and drought tolerance to transgenic soybean plants by maintaining homeostasis of water, salt ions and ROS. (cornous.com)
Prokaryotes1
Susceptibility1
  • Background Family history reflects the complex interplay of genetic susceptibility and shared environmental exposures and is an important risk factor for obesity, diabetes, and heart and blood conditions (ODHB). (cdc.gov)
Proteins2
  • Phylogenetic analysis of CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins suggests there are at least seven distinct versions of this immune system. (berkeley.edu)
  • Therefore, this locus provides a useful place for making gene insertions and studying how proteins impact the whole body. (renmab.com)
20221
  • As of 2022, there are no peer-reviewed publications that are solely or primarily authored by Locus Biosciences staff. (wikipedia.org)
Cas23
  • Central to this process are Cas1 and Cas2 - which are generally conserved in most CRISPR systems. (berkeley.edu)
  • The E.coli Cas1-Cas2 complex (Type IE) captures ~30 bp of foreign DNA and integrates them into the CRISPR locus via a direct nucleophilic reaction similar to many retroviral integrases and transposases. (berkeley.edu)
  • We have also demonstrated how an integration host factor helps Cas1-Cas2 recognize the CRISPR array for site-specific integration. (berkeley.edu)
Lineages2
  • By adding a reporter gene to this locus, researchers can trace cell lineages. (renmab.com)
  • The Candidate Phyla Radiation (CPR) constitutes a large group of bacterial lineages with small cell sizes and limited biosynthetic capabilities. (nature.com)
Resistance4
  • We anticipate that, over the next decade, CRISPR and other gene editing techniques will be used to rapidly develop elite strawberry varieties with improved disease resistance, fruit quality, and other valuable attributes. (ufl.edu)
  • For example, instead of breeding for many years to move a disease resistance gene from a wild strawberry into a modern strawberry, gene editing allows a direct introduction of the genetic information. (ufl.edu)
  • The UF/IFAS strawberry breeding program has identified several important gene regions controlling disease resistance traits that are directly relevant to Florida growers. (ufl.edu)
  • A new antibiotic cures superbugs without bacterial resistance. (universityofcalifornia.edu)
Insertions5
  • So, the availability of a genomic locus that can accommodate benign insertions that are appropriately expressed is of great utility. (genecopoeia.com)
  • AAV insertions at this locus, also known as AAVS1, do not have any visible phenotype on cells, including primary and immortalized cells, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), and embryonic stem cells. (genecopoeia.com)
  • Because this locus encodes a nonessential RNA and not a gene that serves a critical function, insertions lack adverse effects. (renmab.com)
  • These PCR-based and PCR-free experiments demonstrate that, overall, PCR amplification does not significantly bias the results of TnSeq insofar as insertions in the majority of genes represented in our library were similarly detected regardless of PCR cycle number and whether or not PCR amplification was employed. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • We conclude that PCR-based enrichment of transposon insertions in a TnSeq assay is reliable, but researchers interested in profiling putative essential genes should carefully weigh the number of amplification cycles employed in their library preparation protocols. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Sequence4
  • CRISPR, on the other hand, can be used to precisely change DNA sequence, switching it from one naturally occurring variant to another naturally occurring variant. (ufl.edu)
  • Sequence-directed genetic interference pathways control gene expression and preserve genome integrity in all kingdoms of life. (rockefeller.edu)
  • a CRISPR is a small length of DNA with a repeating and reversing sequence of base pairs (the pieces that make up genetic code). (reverserett.org)
  • This sequence is then integrated into the CRISPR genetic locus (2). (sbmt.org.br)
Viral2
  • Combined with its relative ease of use and high reproducibility, CRISPR is becoming an essential tool in studies of the host factors important for viral pathogenesis. (mdpi.com)
  • From this located DNA, an RNA section, known as CRISPR RNA (crRNA), is produced and used by the complex to kill the viral DNA. (medium.com)
Researchers2
  • By introducing different PULs deletion mutants (PULs that are missing metabolic pathways) into a microbial community created in the lab, the researchers found that PULs can benefit or harm bacterial colonization depending on specific conditions in the microbial community. (wisc.edu)
  • Its researchers are working to harness CRISPR-based genome editing technologies for human therapeutic use. (thebreakthrough.news)
Systems8
  • In practice, CRISPR/Cas systems act as self-programmable restriction enzymes. (wikipedia.org)
  • CRISPR systems enable focused or systematic, genomewide studies of nearly all aspects of a virus lifecycle. (mdpi.com)
  • CRISPR-Cas systems fall into two classes. (wikipedia.org)
  • This system was adapted from bacterial immune systems defending against invading viruses. (medium.com)
  • It seems to me that you're talking an awful lot about immune systems… where does the gene-editing stuff come in? (medium.com)
  • RNA-targeting CRISPR-Cas systems - We use biochemical activity assays in conjunction with structural techniques and sequencing to investigate RNA-targeting CRISPR systems, such as the Type VI effector, Cas13a. (berkeley.edu)
  • Remarkably, CRISPR-Cas systems belonging to different classes and types are continuously identified, and they serve as a deep reservoir for the expansion of the CRISPR-based toolkits. (microbiometimes.com)
  • The most diverse and widely distributed CRISPR-Cas systems is the type I system which accounts for 50% of all CRISPR-Cas systems identified and has the potential to expand the CRISPR-based toolkits with distinctive advantages not accessible with the class 2 systems, such as high specificity, minimal off-targeting, and capable of large fragment deletions. (microbiometimes.com)
Editing25
  • This approach is known as 'CRISPR' gene editing. (ufl.edu)
  • With gene editing, the final product can match that obtained by conventional plant breeding, but in a much shorter timeframe. (ufl.edu)
  • What is CRISPR gene editing? (ufl.edu)
  • Gene editing technology can be used to almost surgically adjust the gene or genes behind that deleterious trait. (ufl.edu)
  • Early indications suggest that gene editing should be regulated like conventionally bred crops, as the final product can simply match what may be done by conventional breeding. (ufl.edu)
  • We published another article about CRISPR gene editing in crop improvement ( https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/HS1334 ). (ufl.edu)
  • Genome editing has many applications, including gene knock out, gene tagging, and correction of genetic defects, to name a few. (genecopoeia.com)
  • For instance, effective transfer of programmable nucleases to living cells, tissues, or organs that contain the target gene is important for genome editing. (molcells.org)
  • That's where gene editing comes in. (medium.com)
  • Though we may still be a ways away, fully genetically engineering humans is now closer than ever with the arrival of prime editing , a new way of genetic modification. (medium.com)
  • In order to understand prime editing, we must first take a look at the CRISPR system. (medium.com)
  • Prime editing originated from the idea of CRISPR base editors . (medium.com)
  • Prime editing ensures not only safety but also offers treatment to a wide range of genetic diseases. (medium.com)
  • We employ traditional biochemistry, combined with sequencing, live-cell imaging, and structural biology approaches, to uncover the fundamental mechanisms driving the CRISPR effectors now being developed as genome editing and diagnostic tools. (berkeley.edu)
  • Our system provides an efficient targeting strategy for multiplex genome/epigenome editing, simultaneous activation/repression of multiple genes and beyond. (nature.com)
  • Increased understanding of plant genetics and the development of powerful and easier-to-use gene editing tools over the past century have revolutionized humankind's ability to deliver precise genotypes in crops. (frontiersin.org)
  • This review highlights diverse strategies to deliver CRISPR/Cas gene editing reagents to regenerable plant cells and to recover edited plants without unwanted integration of transgenes. (frontiersin.org)
  • Some examples include delivering DNA-free gene editing reagents such as ribonucleoproteins or mRNA, relying on reagent expression from non-integrated DNA, using novel delivery mechanisms such as viruses or nanoparticles, using unconventional selection methods to avoid integration of transgenes, and/or avoiding tissue culture altogether. (frontiersin.org)
  • These methods are advancing rapidly and already enabling crop scientists to make use of the precision of CRISPR gene editing tools. (frontiersin.org)
  • Gene editing tools are being applied in basic research to close the knowledge gap, but the requirements for gene editing techniques for agriculture are different than those for research. (frontiersin.org)
  • An illustration of the strategies and workflow of the transferrable type I CRISPR Cascade-mediated editing of the superbug P. aeruginosa. (microbiometimes.com)
  • They characterised this CRISPR-Cas system and successfully developed a genome-editing method applicable in the MDR isolate based on this native type I-F CRISPR-Cas system. (microbiometimes.com)
  • Such has been its success and potential for genome editing so significant, its use has been swiftly adopted by many offering a broad range of opportunities for CRISPR investing. (thebreakthrough.news)
  • By using the CRISPR gene editing technology, it was able to produce the fruit with high levels of Gamma-AminoButyric Acid (GABA), an amino acid said to aid relaxation and help lower blood pressure. (thebreakthrough.news)
  • There is no existence of internationally agreed regulatory framework for gene editing products and countries are in the process of evaluating whether and to what extent current regulations are adequate for…products related to gene editing. (thebreakthrough.news)
Scientists3
  • Scientists initially created this line through embryonic stem cell retroviral gene trapping. (renmab.com)
  • In contrast, gene targeting allows scientists to either "knockout" a gene of interest or make an insertion - knock-in - at a specific site in the mouse genome. (renmab.com)
  • But now scientists are working on soybean improvement through Genetic engineering (GE) to satisfy the global food demand. (cornous.com)
Mechanisms1
  • Thus, epigenetic mechanisms as long-term determinants of gene expression are a plausible link between genetics and environment, which may instigate the manifestation and/or progression of IBD. (nature.com)
Variants4
  • By using CRISPR technology, these genes or gene variants can be moved into desirable genetic backgrounds that can be further moved via conventional crossing in later generations. (ufl.edu)
  • A genome-wide association study for Hunner-type interstitial cystitis led to amino acid variants in the class II human leukocyte antigen DQ-beta1 and DP-beta1 chain genes. (genomeweb.com)
  • Genetic variants in the DNA methyltransferase 3 A (DNMT3A) locus have been associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). (nature.com)
  • Engineered cancer models can then be assembled into isogenic cancer panels by introducing sets of genetic variants in parallel. (drugtargetreview.com)
Transposon1
Endogenous1
  • We readily detected off-target alterations induced by four out of six RGENs targeted to endogenous loci in human cells by examination of partially mismatched sites. (cdc.gov)
System comprises1
  • The CRISPR-Cas system comprises genomic (CRISPR) and proteomic (Cas) components. (pjmonline.org)
Expression3
  • PULs also may influence global gene expression patterns in the gut. (wisc.edu)
  • RNA molecules are uniquely capable of encoding and controlling the expression of genetic information, often as a consequence of their three-dimensional structures. (berkeley.edu)
  • To achieve maximum expression of a particular gene in Bacillus , it is highly desirable to amplify the copy number of the gene of interest [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Genetics1
  • This enables us to identify candidate genes underlying glucosinolate diversity, trichome density, and study the genetics of biochemical variation for glucosinolate and saponins. (pacb.com)
Chromosome3
  • 2010). This development grew out of work showing that adeno associated virus (AAV) typically integrates into one genomic locus: PPP1R12C, on chromosome 19. (genecopoeia.com)
  • Recent studies indicate that CRISPR-induced DNA cuts may also result in the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosome arms. (life-science-alliance.org)
  • Scientifically referred to as GtROSA26, this locus is found on chromosome 6 of mice. (renmab.com)
Clinical4
  • Locus Biosciences is a clinical-stage pharmaceutical company, founded in 2015 and based in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. (wikipedia.org)
  • Consequently, the authors of this review present each disorder by their traditional clinical divisions and offer updated genetic insights into each PPK entity. (medscape.com)
  • Primary or spontaneously immortalised tumour cells more closely model the genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity found in clinical tumour samples, but this heterogeneity is rarely fully characterised or defined, so results can be difficult to interpret. (drugtargetreview.com)
  • Previously, the team has identified a highly active type I-F CRISPR-Cas system in a clinical multidrug resistant P. aeruginosa strain PA154197 which was isolated from a bloodstream infection case in Queen Mary Hospital. (microbiometimes.com)
Transcripts1
  • This locus expresses one coding transcript and two noncoding transcripts, and only the non-coding transcripts are disrupted by the insertion. (genecopoeia.com)
Chromosomal1
  • M. catarrhalis gene content and chromosomal organization data, although supportive of the DGH, show modest overall genic diversity. (biomedcentral.com)
Reproducibility1
  • Knock-in models using this locus offer greater accuracy and reproducibility of results. (renmab.com)