Genes viruses. Medical search. Frequent questions

Recently, core photosystem II (PSII) genes were identified in cyanophages and proposed to function in photosynthesis and in increasing viral fitness by supplementing the host production of these proteins. (nih.gov)
Potentially, the seven proteins encoded by the viral genes are sufficient to form an intact monomeric PSI complex. (nih.gov)
It encodes a transcription factor that regulates major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes, which code for the cell surface proteins that present foreign substances to adaptive immune cells. (the-scientist.com)
Recently, Professor Antonio Villaverde's group has discovered the combination necessary to make these proteins act as an artificial virus and self-assemble themselves to form regular nanoparticles capable of penetrating target cells and reaching the nucleus in a very efficient manner. (uab.cat)
In summary, we have shown for the first time how protein-based artificial viruses formed by self-assembling proteins shielding a DNA nucleus, can be generated by the fully de novo design of building blocks. (uab.cat)
T-SIGn gene therapy products are "armed" through the addition of genes that cause the tumor to express combinations of biologics including antibodies, cytokines, immunomodulatory proteins, or nucleotides (RNA). (biospace.com)
She found that while the virus genome and other viral proteins stayed in the main part of the cell and produced more copies of the virus, NS1 sneaked into the nucleus. (reachmd.com)
NS1 wasn't just floating around the nucleus, it was interacting with the proteins that regulate gene expression," Payton said. (reachmd.com)
Avain Influenza (AI) is a highly contagious disease caused by type A influenza viruses which have negative-sense, single-stranded genomes that encode at least ten proteins including two surface glycoproteins [haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA)], nucleoprotein (NP), three polymerase proteins [polymerase basic (PB1), (PB2) and polymerase acidic (PA)], two matrix (M1 and M2) proteins and two non-structural (NS1 and NS2) proteins. (scialert.net)
In this study, we characterized HA and NA genes and proteins of 5 Iranian isolate which have been isolated from Commercial broiler chicken in the Iran between 2008 and 2009. (scialert.net)
Efforts to develop artificial viruses - essentially proteins that can smuggle genes into cells without being detected - have been unsuccessful because producing viruses of consistent size and shape has proved difficult. (chemistryworld.com)
Soybean gene functions cannot be easily interrogated through transgenic disruption (knock-out) of genes-of-interest, or transgenic overexpression of proteins-of-interest, because soybean transformation is time-consuming and technically challenging. (researchsquare.com)
To reduce the risk of analyzing cell line- pathway can be divided into distinct stages based on the specific features, we used several representative cell lines for recombination status of the Ig genes and on the expression each of four major stages in B cell development: pro-B, pre-B, pattern of surface markers and the presence of intracellular proteins [1- 6]. (lu.se)

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors are commonly used for biological research and have enormous potential for treating human diseases through gene therapy. (corning.com)
Recent advances have greatly simplified the process of scaling up production of adherent cells and reduced the hands-on time, space, and cost associated with each unit of adeno-associated virus. (corning.com)
Highly Efficient Production of Adeno-associated Virus Using the Corning Ascent Fixed Bed Reactor Process Development System. (corning.com)
This "Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) Vectors in Gene Therapy - Epidemiology Forecast to 2032" report delivers an in-depth understanding of the disease, historical and forecasted Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) Vectors in Gene Therapy epidemiology in the 7MM, i.e., the United States, EU5 (Germany, Spain, Italy, France, and the United Kingdom), and Japan. (researchandmarkets.com)
The Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) Vectors in Gene Therapy epidemiology report gives a thorough understanding of the Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) Vectors in Gene Therapy by including details such as disease definition, symptoms, causes, pathophysiology, and diagnosis. (researchandmarkets.com)
It also provides treatment algorithms and treatment guidelines for Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) Vectors in Gene Therapy in the US, Europe, and Japan. (researchandmarkets.com)
The report covers the detailed information of the Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) Vectors in Gene Therapy epidemiology scenario in seven major countries (US, EU5, and Japan). (researchandmarkets.com)
The Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) Vectors in Gene Therapy epidemiology division provides insights about historical and current patient pool and forecasted trend for every seven major countries. (researchandmarkets.com)
The Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) Vectors in Gene Therapy epidemiology data are studied through all possible division to give a better understanding of the Disease scenario in 7MM. (researchandmarkets.com)
The Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) Vectors in Gene Therapy epidemiology segment covers the epidemiology data in the US, EU5 countries (Germany, Spain, Italy, France, and the UK), and Japan from 2019 to 2032. (researchandmarkets.com)
The Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) Vectors in Gene Therapy epidemiology covered in the report provides historical as well as forecasted Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) Vectors in Gene Therapy epidemiology scenario in the 7MM covering the United States, EU5 countries (Germany, Spain, Italy, France, and the United Kingdom), and Japan from 2019 to 2032. (researchandmarkets.com)
The Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) Vectors in Gene Therapy report also provides the epidemiology trends observed in the 7MM during the study period, along with the assumptions undertaken. (researchandmarkets.com)
What will be the growth opportunities in the 7MM with respect to the patient population pertaining to Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) Vectors in Gene Therapy? (researchandmarkets.com)
This investigation was undertaken to compare cardiac tropisms of adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotypes 1, 6, 7, 8, and 9. (upenn.edu)
The new research, published in the July 27 journal Science , suggests that ferrying a corrective gene into mice using a disabled virus - an adeno-associated virus (AAV) - inadvertently inserts mutations into the mouse DNA that initiate tumour growth. (myvmc.com)
A type of virus called adeno-associated virus (AAV) is one of the most commonly used viruses in gene therapy research because it does not harm humans. (nih.gov)
To enable the tracking of Arc molecules from individual neurons in vivo, we devised an adeno-associated virus (AAV) mediated approach to tag the N-terminal of the mouse Arc protein with a fluorescent reporter using CRISPR/Cas9 homologous. (lu.se)
To enable the tracking of Arc molecules from individual neurons in vivo, we devised an adeno-associated virus (AAV) mediated approach to tag the N-terminal of the mouse Arc protein with a fluorescent reporter using CRISPR/Cas9 homologous independent targeted integration (HITI). (lu.se)

Transposons, mobile genetic elements found throughout the genome, can be added to cells to knock out genes they randomly insert into. (the-scientist.com)
The p41 protein binds to proteases called cathepsins, preventing the enzymes from cleaving the Ebola glycoprotein, thus stopping the fusion of the virus with the endosome and the release of the viral genome into the cell, the team demonstrated. (the-scientist.com)
The DNA in each well (including DNA from the viruses infecting the bacterial cells) was then copied to produce enough DNA to individually sequence the genome of each cell. (elifesciences.org)
The viruses can shuttle bacterial genes between different host cells ( A ). This can lead to changes in the metabolism of the host bacteria if the new genes are expressed by the host cells ( B ). Co-infection of a host cell by two different viruses could lead to new combinations of genes in the bacterial genome ( C ). (elifesciences.org)
Non-viral gene therapy, which is the insertion of genes into the genome with therapeutic aims without using viruses,and in general emerging nanomedicines aim to mimic virus through tuneable nanoparticles, for the cell targeted delivery of nucleic acids and other drugs. (uab.cat)
We describe the development of a new vector based on cowpea severe mosaic virus (CPSMV), a plus-strand RNA virus with its genome divided into two RNA segments, RNA1 and RNA2. (researchsquare.com)
The researchers explored genome-wide DNA methylation profiles in samples of endemic Burkitt lymphoma tissue and identified a molecular signature shared by both Epstein-Barr virus infection and aflatoxin B1 exposure that affects the expression of a putative tumour suppressor, TGFBI. (who.int)
Targeted sequencing of the S gene, using either NGS or Sanger sequencing, or whole genome sequencing using NGS will provide positive identification of Omicron. (who.int)
Classification of viruses is principally according to their genome sequence taking into consideration nature and structure of their genome and their method of replication, but not according to the diseases they cause (see International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), 2021 release ). (msdmanuals.com)
Positive-sense RNA viruses possess a single-stranded RNA genome that can serve as messenger RNA (mRNA) that can be directly translated to produce an amino acid sequence. (msdmanuals.com)
Negative-sense RNA viruses possess a single-stranded negative-sense genome that first must synthesize a complementary positive-sense antigenome, which is then used to make genomic negative-sense RNA. (msdmanuals.com)
the genome of RNA viruses ranges from 3.5 kilobases (some retroviruses) to 27 kilobases (some reoviruses), and the genome of DNA viruses ranges from 5 kilobases (some parvoviruses) to 280 kilobases (some poxviruses). (msdmanuals.com)
This manageable size together with the current advances in nucleotide sequencing technology means that partial and whole virus genome sequencing will become an essential component in epidemiologic investigations of disease outbreaks. (msdmanuals.com)

Here we show evidence for the presence of photosystem I (PSI) genes in the genomes of viruses that infect these marine cyanobacteria, using pre-existing metagenomic data from the global ocean sampling expedition as well as from viral biomes. (nih.gov)
It will be interesting to find out if the ribbons can also bind to larger pieces of DNA - such as whole genes or the genomes of viruses that could kill cancer cells - and deliver these to the intended target cells in the body. (chemistryworld.com)

Working together, PsiOxus and the Parker Institute aim to build and test viruses carrying different combinations of genes. (biospace.com)
Published June 25 in Cell, the findings add to the understanding of Crohn's and other complex diseases caused by combinations of genes and environmental factors. (crohnsforum.com)

US officials immediately began notifying the 100 or so gene therapy experimenters using adenovirus vectors, which are made using a disarmed version of the virus that causes the common cold. (nature.com)
Verma describes vectors as the "Achilles heel" of gene therapy, and says that dose-escalation studies using adenoviruses should be re-examined. (nature.com)
Most gene therapy involves retroviral vectors, but adenoviruses are popular for cancer and cystic fibrosis. (nature.com)
Some have even been successfully harnessed as gene therapy vectors for the treatment of genetic diseases. (gla.ac.uk)
Our findings suggest that studying the natural biology and evolutionary history of parvoviruses can inform the rational design of vectors for safer and more effective gene therapies. (gla.ac.uk)
Still, the Washington University scientists, led by Mark Sands, Ph.D., associate professor of medicine and genetics, say the data in the team's latest study raise important safety concerns about the use of AAV vectors in patients receiving experimental gene therapy. (myvmc.com)
However, existing virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) and/or overexpression vectors suitable for soybean have various drawbacks that hinder their widespread adoption. (researchsquare.com)

Gregory Daniels, MD, PhD, assistant clinical professor of medicine at the UC San Diego School of Medicine, and coworkers "are comparing the modified virus treatment, called OncoVEX GM-CSF, to general immune system stimulation with the immune-boosting protein GM-CSF" in patients with advanced melanoma. (hcplive.com)
TRAP AND KILL: Overexpressing the transcription factor CIITA in cultured human cells turns on a gene called CD74 , producing the protein p41, which binds to cathepsin proteases in the endosome (left). (the-scientist.com)
Vázquez, E. Sheltering DNA in self-organizing, protein-only nano-shells as artificial viruses for gene delivery . (uab.cat)
In this article we have shown how, in the presence of DNA, there's a reorientation of cationic segments on the inner surface that promote a supramolecular organization resulting in a protein closed coverage of inner nucleic acids in a virus-like manner,which results in DNA protection against external nucleases. (uab.cat)
They discovered that the virus produces a protein -- called nonstructural protein 1, or NS1 -- that slips inside the nucleus and alters the activity of immune genes, sabotaging the immune response. (reachmd.com)
By illuminating the details of how NS1 manipulates gene expression, this study provides crucial data that could aid efforts to target the protein for drug or vaccine development. (reachmd.com)
In this study, we found that NS1 protein inhibits IRF-3-dependent gene transcription in constitutively active IRF-3 overexpressing cells, demonstrating that NS1 directly targets IRF-3. (microbiologyresearch.org)
This gene provides instructions for making a protein called a magnesium transporter, which moves charged atoms (ions) of magnesium (Mg2+) into certain T cells. (medlineplus.gov)
Tyrosine-specific protein kinase activity associated with p105 of avian sarcoma virus PRCII. (wikidata.org)
Characterization of protein kinase activity associated with the transforming gene product of Fujinami sarcoma virus. (wikidata.org)
duce a specific protein, usually due to a single defective gene. (what-when-how.com)
IRP scientists have shown that a particular virus can effectively deliver a gene that produces a glowing green protein to multiple cell types throughout the inner ear (above), making the virus a promising tool for gene therapy in individuals with hereditary hearing loss. (nih.gov)
Rather than introducing a gene related to hearing, the viruses instead inserted a gene that produces a glowing protein, making it easy for the researchers to see which cells were infected by the virus. (nih.gov)
Positive selection results in frequent reversible amino acid replacements in the G protein gene of human respiratory syncytial virus. (bvsalud.org)
But under the guidance and expertise of Dr Colin Dinney at MD Anderson - who is really the person to be credited with the development of nadofaragene, which has been a passion and a brainchild of his - we looked at changing from developing the protein as the treatment of choice to developing a gene vector. (medscape.com)
The Arc gene, which contains remnants of a structural GAG retrotransposon sequence, produces a protein that self-assembles into capsid-like structures harboring Arc mRNA. (lu.se)
Some viruses have an outer envelope consisting of protein and lipid, surrounding a protein capsid complex with genomic RNA or DNA and sometimes enzymes needed for the first steps of viral replication. (msdmanuals.com)

Surface antigen of the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is obtained by culturing of immunization, and also inquire about the recent health status of the patient to be injected. (who.int)
Parents of a child with a family history of que tienen el gene del antígeno de superficie del virus de la Hepatitis B. El antígeno de superficie de la Hepatitis B (HBsAg) expresado en las genetically engineered Hansenula polymorpha yeast cells having the surface antigen gene of the Hepatitis B virus. (who.int)

Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania are investigating the first death in a gene therapy experiment, which was revealed last week. (nature.com)
According to the protocol, researchers at the University of Pennsylvania's Institute for Human Gene Therapy used an 'E1-deleted, E2A-temperature-sensitive' adenovirus vector to infect liver cells with the normal OTC gene, which codes for a urea-cycle enzyme that removes excess nitrogen from the body. (nature.com)
So far, we haven't seen anything that we'd do drastically different," said Nelson Wivel, deputy directory of the University of Pennsylvania's Institute of Gene Therapy. (nature.com)
Inder Verma, professor of genetics at the Salk Institute in La Jolla, California, praises the Pennsylvania team for their openness, saying it will help to preserve public confidence and allow scientists to learn from the incident, "I'm sure it will introduce a note of caution in every experimentalist who does gene therapy, and that's a good thing," he says. (nature.com)
Members of the NIH's Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee (RAC), which at the time held regulatory authority over gene therapy experiments using federal funds, approved the protocol 11 to one, with four abstentions. (nature.com)
They raised concerns about the risks of the treatment and its use-for the first time in gene therapy-in asymptomatic patients. (nature.com)
Here we will walk through the gene therapy scale-up process, from small scale to large scale, with insight from Tom Bongiorno, PhD, Field Application Scientist for Corning Life Sciences. (corning.com)
This guide explores what researchers should consider when creating a risk-mitigating adherent culture process for cell and gene therapy scale-up. (corning.com)
Parvovirus gene therapy is a cutting-edge biomedical technology. (gla.ac.uk)
Researchers of the Nanobiology Unit from the UAB Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, led by Antonio Villaverde, have produced an alternative to the use of viruses in gene therapy.The researchers synthesised nanoparticles which act as artificial viruses, capable of surrounding DNA fragments and releasing them as therapeutic agents, with no biological risk, into the interior of cells. (uab.cat)
To investigate the in vitro effects of suicide gene therapy system of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene (HSV-TK) in combination with the treatment of nucleotide analog-ganciclovir (GCV) on human pancreatic cancer, and to provide a novel clinical therapeutic method for human pancreatic cancer. (wjgnet.com)
Our data demonstrate that HSV-TK/GCV suicide gene therapy system is effective for treating experimental human pancreatic cancer, which is largely resistant to the common therapies, so the suicide gene therapy system may be a potential treatment approach for pancreatic cancer. (wjgnet.com)
OXFORD, England and SAN FRANCISCO , Nov. 15, 2018 /PRNewswire/ -- PsiOxus Therapeutics Limited (PsiOxus) and the Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy (Parker Institute) today announced a research project to investigate the use of PsiOxus' virus-based gene therapy for treating solid tumors that have been historically resistant to immunotherapy. (biospace.com)
In effect, the T-SIGn viruses work by turning tumor cells into "drug factories" to express gene therapy products, such as cytokines or antibodies, designed to engage the immune system to attack cancer cells. (biospace.com)
What is promising about the PsiOxus approach is its potential to overcome this suppression using a novel virus platform to deliver gene therapy. (biospace.com)
Given the potential of PsiOxus' IV-delivered cancer gene therapy platform, establishing strategic relationships with world leaders in immuno-oncology will accelerate our ability to bring gene therapy treatment to cancer patients," said Brian Champion , Ph.D., Chief Scientific Officer of PsiOxus. (biospace.com)
PsiOxus aims to be the world's leading cancer gene therapy company, delivering medicines of value to patients with cancer. (biospace.com)
The T-SIGn gene therapy platform is based on the company's oncolytic virus, enadenotucirev, which has properties that allow systemic IV delivery and payload capacity to deliver genes as a viral vector. (biospace.com)
While delivered systemically, PsiOxus' T-SIGn gene therapy products act locally within the tumor micro-environment, replicating only in tumor cells. (biospace.com)
In effect, the T-SIGn viruses turn the tumor cells into "drug factories" to express combination gene therapy. (biospace.com)
PsiOxus' first gene therapy program is partnered with Bristol-Myers Squibb and is in clinical development. (biospace.com)
PsiOxus has multiple additional preclinical gene therapy programs in development. (biospace.com)
Publications] Noriaki Sugawa, Satoshi Ueda: 'Gene therapy using antisense DNA' Clinical Neuroscience. (nii.ac.jp)
The work opens up the possibility of a new type of 'vector' for carrying genetic material into diseased cells - the basis of gene therapy. (chemistryworld.com)
Usually modified natural viruses are used in gene therapy experiments, as they are the supreme infiltrators of cells. (chemistryworld.com)
Researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis have found further evidence linking a method used to deliver gene therapy in humans with the development of liver tumours in mice. (myvmc.com)
The same delivery method is also used in some gene therapy clinical trials in humans, but as of yet no studies have found an association between the AAV vector and cancer in patients. (myvmc.com)
The current study is a follow-up to Sands' earlier work, published in 2001 in the journal Gene Therapy , which first suggested an association between AAV and liver cancer in mice. (myvmc.com)
Based on Sands' research in mice, two human AAV gene therapy trials were briefly halted. (myvmc.com)
The AAV vector has been evaluated in gene therapy clinical trials for cystic fibrosis, haemophilia, Parkinson's disease, Duchenne's muscular dystrophy and other diseases. (myvmc.com)
Sands has been investigating gene therapy in mice as a stepping stone to a potential treatment for the disease in patients. (myvmc.com)
The researchers found that 33 percent (6/18) of the MPS VII mice that received the AAV-directed gene therapy developed liver cancer. (myvmc.com)
In normal, healthy mice that received the AAV gene therapy, 54 percent (7/13) developed the liver tumours. (myvmc.com)
This is in contrast to 8 percent (4/52) of normal mice that did not receive gene therapy. (myvmc.com)
As a result, many scientists are trying to develop ' gene therapy ' techniques to directly fix the faulty genes that cause hereditary hearing loss. (nih.gov)
With the gene therapy approach you can potentially go in to the affected cells and actually fix the underlying problem," says IRP principal investigator and Johns Hopkins School of Medicine associate professor Wade Chien, M.D. , the new study's senior author. (nih.gov)
Most current gene therapy research relies on viruses to deliver new genes to cells because viruses naturally infect cells by injecting their own genetic material into them. (nih.gov)
However, naturally occurring AAVs have significant limitations when it comes to gene therapy for hearing loss: many of them are good at infecting only one of the two types of sensory cell that are critical for hearing, called inner hair cells, but not the other, called outer hair cells. (nih.gov)
In the past, we have done studies where we injected a certain gene therapy into a mouse model of hearing loss, and we found that there was no hearing recovery because the infection rate was low, but if we increased the infection rate, often times we started to see some functional recovery. (nih.gov)
The AAV2.7m8 virus was also adept at infecting two types of supporting cells in the ear that are an additional promising target of gene therapy for hearing loss because they are thought to promote the growth of new hair cells when old ones die. (nih.gov)
Nevertheless, before human testing can begin, scientists must test the virus's ability to deliver gene therapy to the ears of mouse and other animal models of hearing loss. (nih.gov)
I think it could be a very powerful and useful virus for investigators interested in using gene therapy to improve hearing in individuals with hearing loss. (nih.gov)
This agent, which was approved by the FDA on December 16, 2022, is the first gene therapy indicated for non-muscle-invasive disease. (medscape.com)
What do you think made this gene therapy successful? (medscape.com)
The incremental difference of this gene therapy over others is it's locally delivered - it's easily delivered by putting a catheter into the bladder, putting the medicine inside the bladder, and then allowing the gene to transfuse into the bladder cells. (medscape.com)
Welcome to the Cell and Gene Therapy Core Facility at Lund University. (lu.se)
At our facility, we are passionate about fostering a collaborative environment where scientists can explore the frontiers of cell and gene therapy. (lu.se)

Viruses that infect bacteria may drive the evolution of drug-resistant superbugs by inserting their genes into the bacterial DNA, a new study suggests. (livescience.com)
In addition, when pregnant cows are infected, BVDV can cross the placenta and infect developing calves, resulting in abortion, congenital malformation, or persistently infected cattle who constantly shed the virus and are at risk for secondary bacterial infections. (umn.edu)
New research at Uppsala University, Sweden, shows that bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria) can contribute to new functions by revealing hidden potential in their bacterial hosts. (phys.org)
Viruses depend completely on cells (bacterial, plant, or animal) to reproduce. (msdmanuals.com)

Avian influenza virus was isolated from poultry farms with history of respiratory illness and increased mortality. (scialert.net)
Influenza viruses belong to the orthomyxoviridae family of RNA viruses and are divided into five genera: Influenza A, B and C, Thogtovirus and Isavirus. (scialert.net)
A candidate vaccine virus (CVV) is an influenza (flu) virus that has been prepared by CDC or another public health partner that can be used by vaccine manufacturers to produce a flu vaccine. (cdc.gov)
In addition to preparing CVVs for seasonal flu vaccine production, CDC routinely develops CVVs for novel avian influenza (bird flu) viruses with pandemic potential as part of pandemic preparedness activities. (cdc.gov)
Some novel bird flu viruses with pandemic potential are "highly pathogenic avian influenza" (HPAI) viruses, which means they are deadly to domestic poultry, including chickens. (cdc.gov)
The causative agent behind this outbreak was identified as H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV). (nature.com)
Sanmenxia Clade 2.3.2.1c-like H5N1 viruses possess the closest genetic identity to A/Alberta/01/2014 (H5N1), which recently caused a fatal respiratory infection in Canada with signs of meningoencephalitis, a highly unusual symptom with influenza infections in humans. (nature.com)
ABSTRACT We monitored phenotypic and genotypic susceptibility of influenza viruses circulating in Morocco during 2014-2015 to oseltamivir and zanamivir. (who.int)
Throat and nasal swab specimens were collected from outpatients (with influenza-like illness) and inpatients (with severe acute respiratory illness) and tested for influenza viruses using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. (who.int)
Of 440 specimens, 135 were positive for influenza B Yamagata-like virus, 38 were A(H1N1)pdm09 and 25 were A(H3N2). (who.int)
Sixty influenza B viruses isolated from MDCK cells showed no significant resistance to NAIs. (who.int)
The two influenza B viruses with reduced susceptibility to oseltamivir show that ongoing NAI susceptibility surveillance is essential. (who.int)
The transmission of viruses from animals to humans can occur, but such zoonotic infections are rare and subsequent human-to-human transmission of animal viruses is even rarer, although there are notable exceptions such as influenza. (wikipedia.org)
Oseltamivir (Tamiflu®) is an important pharmaceutical intervention against the influenza virus. (who.int)
The importance of surveillance for resistance to oseltamivir has been highlighted by two global events: the emergence of an oseltamivir-resistant seasonal influenza A(H1N1) virus in 2008, and emergence of the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus in 2009. (who.int)
To determine the frequency of oseltamivir-resistance in the context of a medicine reclassification in 2007, the importation of an oseltamivir-resistant seasonal influenza virus in 2008, and the emergence of a pandemic in 2009. (who.int)
A total of 1795 influenza viruses were tested for oseltamivir-resistance using a fluorometric neuraminidase inhibition assay. (who.int)
Viruses were collected as part of a sentinel influenza surveillance programme between the years 2006 and 2010. (who.int)
All influenza B, influenza A(H3N2) and influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses tested between 2006 and 2010 were shown to be sensitive to oseltamivir. (who.int)
Seasonal influenza A(H1N1) viruses from 2008 and 2009 were resistant to oseltamivir. (who.int)
Sequencing of the neuraminidase gene showed that the resistant viruses contained an H275Y mutation, and S247N was also identified in the neuraminidase gene of one seasonal influenza A(H1N1) virus that exhibited enhanced resistance. (who.int)
Over the last decade there has been an extensive amount of research into the development and occurrence of antiviral drug resistance in human influenza viruses. (who.int)
7 Such work not only determines the present efficacy of the drug but also reveals important information on the genesis of anti-viral drug resistance in influenza viruses. (who.int)
8 This allowance was made with an expectation that influenza viruses from the community would be monitored for the potential development of oseltamivir-resistance. (who.int)
Preceding the 2007/2008 northern hemisphere season, instances of oseltamivir-resistance occurred at low levels in seasonal human influenza viruses. (who.int)
10 Increased occurrence of resistance in influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses has been detected in community samples in the United Kingdom, 11 and sustained community transmission has been reported in Australia. (who.int)

In a new study published in Nature Ecology & Evolution , researchers have investigated how bacteriophages, instead of killing bacteria, transmit genes that help the bacterium Escherichia coli (E. coli) survive. (phys.org)
We found a new, unexpected mechanism whereby genes from bacteriophages enable bacteria to use their hidden potential and establish a new function," says researcher and lead author Jon Jerlström-Hultqvist. (phys.org)
Retroviruses drive evolution by transferring genes across species and bacteriophages play important roles in ecosystems and are essential to life. (wikipedia.org)

US scientists report that they have produced a gene-edited calf with reduced susceptibility to bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), an innovation they say could potentially reduce antimicrobial use in cattle. (umn.edu)
A study led by scientists at Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, reports that interaction between a mutant allele of Crohn's disease susceptibility gene Atg16L1 and a specific virus causes abnormalities in Paneth cells of mice. (crohnsforum.com)
By clarifying the roles of both host- (genetic) and virus- (environment) specific factors that contribute to the frequency and severity of viral LRTI, it may be possible to determine if severe LRTIs cause asthma, or if asthma susceptibility predisposes patients to severe LRTI in response to viral infection. (atsjournals.org)
Positive samples were inoculated in MDCK cells and virus phenotypic susceptibility to neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) was assessed using fluorescent NA inhibition. (who.int)

According to Daniels, the "virus infection-immune system-boosting approach" could also be used one day to treat other types of cancer, such as colon, breast, prostate, bladder and lung, in addition to melanoma. (hcplive.com)
Packaging cell PA317/TK was successfully constructed, and we acquired SW1990/TK through virus progeny infection. (wjgnet.com)
To identify key genes differentially expressed in the human retinal pigment epithelium (hRPE) following low-level West Nile virus (WNV) infection. (molvis.org)
Low-level WNV infection of hRPE cells induced expression of genes that are typically associated with the host cell response to virus infection. (molvis.org)
We also identified other genes, including IDO1 and BAMBI, that may influence the RPE and therefore outer blood-retinal barrier integrity during ocular infection and inflammation, or are associated with degeneration, as seen for example in aging. (molvis.org)
It expresses a range of cell surface molecules involved in adaptive and innate immunity, as well as crucial sentinel molecules, including toll-like receptors (TLRs), which are pivotal in early cellular defense against virus infection. (molvis.org)
Type II IFN (IFN-gamma) is required for protection against lethal vaccinia virus (VACV) infection. (uni-muenchen.de)
To address the cellular origin of protective IFN-gamma responses during VACV infection, we generated IFN-gamma(OFF) mice, in which the endogenous IFN-gamma gene function can be reconstituted in a Cre-dependent manner. (uni-muenchen.de)
Previous studies showed that IFN-gamma expression is needed to promote survival of vaccinia virus (VACV) infection. (uni-muenchen.de)
Apparently, viral strain and time of infection are significant in the virus-gene interaction. (crohnsforum.com)
Purpose/Objective: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) establishes a chronic infection in approximately 80% of infected individuals and is a leading cause of liver disease. (lancs.ac.uk)
The present study aimed to explore the regulation of gene expression during chronic HCV infection in liver biopsy samples. (lancs.ac.uk)
X-linked immunodeficiency with magnesium defect, Epstein-Barr virus infection, and neoplasia (typically known by the acronym XMEN) is a disorder that affects the immune system in males. (medlineplus.gov)
Normally these cells recognize foreign invaders, such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi, and are then turned on (activated) to attack these invaders in order to prevent infection and illness. (medlineplus.gov)
This suggests that the chromosomal abnormality, and possibly infection by HTLV-I, occurred before TCR beta gene rearrangement. (rupress.org)
Cell lines infected by HTLV-I express levels of TCR beta mRNA similar to PHA stimulated lymphocytes, suggesting that this gene is not transcriptionally activated as a result of infection by HTLV-I. Cloned T cells of known antigen specificity that are infected by HTLV-I in vitro show impairment of immune function, including loss of antigen-specific responsiveness and the acquisition of alloreactivity. (rupress.org)
Comparison of the configuration of the TCR beta gene before and after infection revealed no changes detectable by Southern blot analysis. (rupress.org)
The rare epidemics of viral diseases originating in animals would have been short-lived because the viruses were not fully adapted to humans and the human populations were too small to maintain the chains of infection. (wikipedia.org)
In a new study, researchers from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and partner institutions investigating drivers of Burkitt lymphoma have identified a molecular signature that is common to both Epstein-Barr virus infection and exposure to aflatoxin B1, two known etiological factors for this cancer type. (who.int)

Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is a rapid method for transient silencing of plant genes. (wur.nl)
In combination with subsequent co-expression of the tomato immune receptor Ve1 and the corresponding Verticillium effector Ave1 through Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transient transformation (agroinfiltration), we established a rapid system for assessing the requirement of candidate plant genes for Ve1-mediated immune signaling. (wur.nl)

In a proof-of-concept paper published yesterday in PNAS Nexus , a team led by scientists with the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Research Service describe how they used CRISPR gene-editing technology to produce a live calf with a six amino acid substitution in the BVDV binding domain of CD46, the main cellular receptor for BVDV. (umn.edu)
The scientists edited cattle skin cells to develop embryos carrying the altered gene, then transplanted the embryos into surrogate cows. (umn.edu)
This gene, called the adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1, or ADAR1, protects the body from large amounts of the virus, but invites it in if only a small number of viruses knock on the door, the scientists found. (livescience.com)
First, the scientists removed an essential gene (ilvA) from the bacterium. (phys.org)
Scientists have unlocked key insights into virus evolution, revealing new information that could help develop treatments for a wide variety of genetic diseases. (gla.ac.uk)
This knowledge positions scientists to take instruction from nature in the development of improved gene therapies - for example, the propensity of different parvovirus types to infect different organ systems could be harnessed to target these therapies more effectively. (gla.ac.uk)
In the lab, scientists have shown that the NK4 gene, which shares a molecular structure similar to HGF, can interrupt this signaling pathway and keep cancer cells from growing out of control. (survivingmesothelioma.com)
In a new study launched this summer by researchers at several Japanese universities, scientists will be testing a method of delivering NK4 to the site of mesothelioma tumors by administering a virus designed to express the gene. (survivingmesothelioma.com)
Scientists in Korea have created an artificial virus that can target the nucleus of cancer cells and knock out specific genes. (chemistryworld.com)
Scientists at CDC use "reverse genetics" to create an attenuated (i.e., weakened or milder) form of the bird flu virus that will not cause severe illness in birds (so as to not pose a threat to agricultural interests) and that also will grow well in chicken eggs (so that vaccine manufacturers can use it to produce vaccine). (cdc.gov)
Using reverse genetics, CDC scientists take two genes from the bird flu virus - the neuraminidase (NA) and a modified form of the hemagglutinin (HA) gene - and they combine those two genes with six genes of a commonly used human flu virus that grows well in chicken eggs. (cdc.gov)
In a new study , a team of scientists from the NIH IRP and their colleagues showed the promise of a lab-designed virus for delivering gene therapies aimed at correcting hereditary hearing loss. (nih.gov)
11.Doucleef M. Scientists go deep on genes of SARS-like virus. (bvsalud.org)

The divergence and spread of sobemoviruses - southern bean mosaic virus - date from this time. (wikipedia.org)

Sustained expression of the gene is therefore impossible, and the immune system may destroy infected cells-the very cells targeted for help. (nature.com)
RNA extracted from mock-infected and WNV-infected cells was assessed for differential expression of genes using Affymetrix microarray. (molvis.org)
Further experiments by co-first author Nina R. Beri, PhD, revealed what NS1 was doing in the nucleus: sabotaging the cell's antiviral efforts by altering the expression of its immune genes. (reachmd.com)
The group of genes most affected were the immune-response genes whose expression gets turned on really high when a cell is infected by a virus. (reachmd.com)
The key, Payton suggested, may lie in the epigenome, the pattern of chemical units attached to DNA that influence gene expression. (reachmd.com)
To selectively analyze the function of innate immune cell-derived IFN-gamma, we generated conditional IFN-gamma(OFF) mice, in which endogenous IFN-gamma expression is disrupted by a loxP flanked gene trap cassette inserted into the first intron of the IFN-gamma gene. (uni-muenchen.de)
Both ViPTGS and ViTGS enable manipulation of endogenous gene expression without the need for transgenesis. (ed.ac.uk)
LacZ expression was relatively cardiac specific, and cardiac function was unaffected by gene transfer. (upenn.edu)
Oxidant tone regulates RANTES gene expression in airway epithelial cells infected with respiratory syncytial virus. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Biopsies from noninfected patients with other liver diseases were used as controls to focus on HCV-associated changes in hepatic gene expression. (lancs.ac.uk)
This excluded altered gene expression patterns resulting from either inﬂammation or ﬁbrosis. (lancs.ac.uk)
Differential gene expression was analysed using DESeq and edgeR and gene enrichment analysis was performed with GSEA and Gestalt. (lancs.ac.uk)
Configuration and expression of the T cell receptor beta chain gene in human T-lymphotrophic virus I-infected cells. (rupress.org)
We studied the configuration and expression of the gene encoding the beta chain of the T cell receptor (TCR beta) in cell lines and primary tumor cells infected by the human T cell leukemia/lymphoma (lymphotrophic) virus type I (HTLV-I). Most of the cell lines and all the primary tumor cells showed rearrangement of the TCR beta gene, and in each case the rearrangement was distinct. (rupress.org)
Levels of expression of the TCR beta gene at the mRNA level and surface expression of the T3 complex were also not significantly altered, suggesting that changes in immune function cannot be attributed to quantitative changes in the TCR molecule. (rupress.org)
Scholars@Duke publication: Trans-activation of human immunodeficiency virus gene expression is mediated by nuclear events. (duke.edu)
Human immunodeficiency virus encodes a gene product termed tat that is able to activate viral gene expression when present in trans. (duke.edu)
tures and gene expression patterns. (lu.se)
immature cell is then subjected to negative selection to delete grouped based on their previously defined pheno- self-reactive cells before it leaves the BM to enter peripheral typic features, and a gene expression pattern for lymphoid organs, where it becomes a mature B cell [9]. (lu.se)
the gene expression profile during B lymphoid differentiation. (lu.se)

It is not known if it is the autophagy function or Atg16L1 [specifically] that is responsible for the effects of mutation of this gene that we report,' Dr. Virgin added. (crohnsforum.com)
In females (who have two X chromosomes), a mutation would have to occur in both copies of the gene to cause the disorder. (medlineplus.gov)
If you have a mutation in a gene so that the inner ear is not making the product of that gene, we could deliver normal copies of that gene into the inner ear to restore the production of that gene's product and repair hearing. (nih.gov)
and ii) not all Omicron viruses have the DEL69/70 mutation. (who.int)
Because RNA transcription does not involve the same error-checking mechanisms as DNA transcription, RNA viruses, particularly retroviruses, are particularly prone to mutation. (msdmanuals.com)

WNV-infected RPE did not produce any interferon-γ, suggesting that IDO1 is induced by other soluble factors, by the virus alone, or both. (molvis.org)
Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a leading cause of respiratory tract infections in infants, inhibits type I interferon (IFN)-dependent signalling, as well as IFN synthesis. (microbiologyresearch.org)
These genes fell into distinct regulatory pathways including immune response, antigen processing and interferon*stimulated genes (ISGs). (lancs.ac.uk)
Evidence in recent years appears to show that the exosomes play a dual role in the transmission of HAV and HCV, allowing these viruses to evade antibody-mediated immune responses but, paradoxically, can also be detected by plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) leading to innate immune activation and type I interferon production. (medscape.com)

They identified these "foreign" bits of DNA as belonging to phages, those viruses that infect bacteria. (livescience.com)
Most of these viruses infect bacteria, which are also found in huge numbers. (elifesciences.org)

The neuraminidase stalks regions in these viruses had no deletion as compared to that A/Dk/HK/ Y280/97 lineage (Ck/Bei-like viruses) and the 2 human isolates A/HK/1073/99, A/HK/1074/99. (scialert.net)
The hemadsorbing site of neuraminidase had up to 3 amino acid substitutions and is different from those of earlier Iranian viruses. (scialert.net)

The researchers identified a new group of genes that code for enzymes: S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) hydrolases. (phys.org)
In the study, researchers used "fossilised" virus DNA sequences contained within animal genomes to reconstruct the long term evolutionary history of parvoviruses. (gla.ac.uk)
Researchers are conducting an international phase III trial to examine the effect that a modified herpes virus has on melanoma tumors. (hcplive.com)
Researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis have figured out how the virus undermines the body's defenses, a step toward understanding why the virus is capable of causing serious illness in vulnerable populations. (reachmd.com)
Before this study, RSV researchers already had NS1 on their radars as one of the weapons used by the virus to counter the body's defenses. (reachmd.com)
The researchers then lashed molecules of RNA onto the virus surface at the cationic binding sites. (chemistryworld.com)
In a second experiment the researchers placed a hydrophobic dye molecule - as a substitute for a drug molecule - in the cavity between the two layers of the virus. (chemistryworld.com)
The researchers found no tumours in a group of transgenic mice whose DNA was altered with the insertion of the human beta-glucuronidase gene using genetic engineering techniques rather than the viral vector. (myvmc.com)

The tumor cells then express the encoded genes, producing biologic therapies to alter the tumor microenvironment. (biospace.com)
Our work is product and platform based with a focus on discovering and developing gene-based immuno-oncology therapies for the treatment of solid tumors. (biospace.com)
Gene therapies have been tested for other solid tumors for quite some time - for decades. (medscape.com)

We used a replication defective recombinant retrovirus vector GINaTK (bearing HSV-TK gene) to make packaging cell PA317 produce progeny virions. (wjgnet.com)
These results suggest that tat could play a role in human immunodeficiency virus replication essentially similar to that proposed for the trans-acting nuclear gene products described for several other virus species. (duke.edu)
Certain single-strand, (+) sense RNA viruses termed retroviruses use a very different method of replication. (msdmanuals.com)

Characterization of a 105,000 molecular weight gag-related phosphoprotein from cells transformed by the defective avian sarcoma virus PRCII. (wikidata.org)
The new CPSMV-derived FZ vector provides a convenient and versatile soybean functional genomics tool that is expected to accelerate the characterization of soybean genes controlling crucial productivity traits. (researchsquare.com)

Transgenic N. benthamiana plants expressing the CP gene of WMV II or ZYMV showed protection against symptom development when inoculated with WMV II and six other potyviruses: bean yellow mosaic (BYMV), potato Y (PVY), pea mosaic (PeaMV), clover yellow vein (CYVV), pepper mottle (PeMV), and tobacco etch (TEV). (apsnet.org)
Here, we use recombinant tobacco rattle viruses (TRV) to study the effect of temperature on ViPTGS and ViTGS using GFP as a reporter gene of silencing in N. benthamiana 16c plants. (ed.ac.uk)
Here, we use recombinant tobacco rattle viruses (TRV) to study the effect of temperature on ViPTGS and ViTGS using GFP as a reporter gene of silencing in N. benthamiana 16c plants.We found that unlike ViPTGS, ViTGS was impaired at high temperature. (ed.ac.uk)
As a result, FZ constructs destined for soybean can be first delivered to N. benthamiana in order to propagate the modified viruses to high titers. (researchsquare.com)
FZ-based silencing constructs induced robust silencing of phytoene desaturase genes in N. benthamiana , multiple soybean accessions, and cowpea. (researchsquare.com)

Phylogenetic analyses based on the G, N, and P genes (1593, 1269, 882 nucleotides [nt], respectively) were carried out employing maximum likelihood method in Phylo_win software ( 6 ). (cdc.gov)
Phylogenetic analysis HA and NA genes showed that they share a common ancestor Qa/HK/G1/97 isolate which had contributed internal genes of H5N1 virus. (scialert.net)
We delineated the genomes, receptor binding profile and HB sites of NA gene of these field isolates and we also established their phylogenetic relationship to the other Asian H9N2 lineages. (scialert.net)
Genetic and phylogenetic analyses revealed that this Sanmenxia H5N1 virus was a novel reassortant, possessing a Clade 2.3.2.1c HA gene and a H9N2-derived PB2 gene. (nature.com)

This time, we succeeded to develop the recombinant retro-virus vector expressiog EGFR antisense oligonucleotide, and we could inhibit the growth of the malignant glioma cell line using this retro-virus vector. (nii.ac.jp)

Daniels explained that the injected virus has "preferentially" infected cancer cells, leading to tumor death, and has possibly directed an immune response to tumors that were and were not injected with the herpes virus. (hcplive.com)
Herpes viruses first infected the ancestors of modern humans over 80 million years ago. (wikipedia.org)

The platform uses the enadenotucirev oncolytic virus as a vector to deliver combinations of therapeutic transgenes to carcinomas to fight cancer. (biospace.com)
AAV9 should be used in rodent cardiac studies and may be the vector of choice for clinical trials of cardiac gene transfer. (upenn.edu)
An attractive alternative is to administer transient gene silencing or overexpression with a plant virus-based vector. (researchsquare.com)

Two qualities are required of a CVV: First, the CVV must be capable of stimulating a protective immune response against that wild type bird flu virus. (cdc.gov)
This virus should stimulate the desired immune response and grow well in chicken eggs. (cdc.gov)

New generation live vaccines against human respiratory syncytial virus designed by reverse genetics. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Flu vaccines protect against specific flu viruses, so the first step in creating a CVV against a particular bird flu virus is to identify the wild type bird flu virus that is posing or may pose a risk to human health. (cdc.gov)

MHC class II transactivator CIITA induces cell resistance to Ebola virus and SARS-like coronaviruses," Science , 370:241-47, 2020. (the-scientist.com)
Lacy-Hulbert suggests that this pathway could trigger broad resistance to viruses and that this "might have been CIITA and CD74 's original role. (the-scientist.com)
Its resilience is demonstrated by its resistance to denaturation by ether, acid (pH 3.0), drying, and temperatures as high as 56°C and as low as -20°C. The hepatitis A virus can remain viable for many years. (medscape.com)
The viruses were later carried to the New World by Europeans during the time of the Spanish Conquests, but the indigenous people had no natural resistance to the viruses and millions of them died during epidemics. (wikipedia.org)
When viruses cross this so-called "species barrier", their effects can be severe, and humans may have had little natural resistance. (wikipedia.org)

The bacteria-attacking viruses , called phages, act as parasites in that they depend on their hosts for survival. (livescience.com)
For instance, the virus may prompt the bacteria to secrete toxins that kill nearby phages, so the virus can keep its new host all to itself. (livescience.com)
They then investigated whether bacteriophage genes (isolated from Svandammen, "Swan Pond", in central Uppsala) could rescue the bacteria. (phys.org)
Genetic surveys have revealed that the viruses and bacteria in the oceans are extremely diverse, yet the interactions between them can be highly specific. (elifesciences.org)
However, it is challenging to link marine bacteria with their viruses because most of them cannot be cultured on artificial media in the lab, which is the traditional method for studying virus-bacteria interactions. (elifesciences.org)
In summer, viruses from the order Caudovirales (orange) and the family Microviridae (blue) become abundant at depths where the water contains very little oxygen (pale blue regions) because their hosts, SUP05 bacteria (black), are also abundant in these oxygen minimum zones. (elifesciences.org)

The adenovirus is a common human virus, responsible for an estimated 10 percent of respiratory infections in children and a frequent cause of diarrhea. (survivingmesothelioma.com)
Nearly everyone gets infected with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) repeatedly over the course of a lifetime, starting in childhood. (reachmd.com)
Some avian H9 viruses have acquired receptor binding characteristics typical of human strains, increasing the potential for reassortment in both human and pig respiratory tracts ( Suzuki, 2005 ). (scialert.net)
Differential response of dendritic cells to human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Viral infections are important causes of asthma exacerbations in children, and lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs), caused by viruses such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and rhinovirus (RV), are a leading cause of bronchiolitis in infants. (atsjournals.org)
Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is the major cause of lower respiratory tract infections in children under 5 years of age and the elderly , causing annual disease outbreaks during the fall and winter. (bvsalud.org)

Crossing the species barrier to mammals highlights the pandemic potential of H9N2 virus. (scialert.net)

In the Ebola experiments, Lacy-Hulbert, Bruchez, and their colleagues had been using a genetic screen called transposon-mediated gene activation to search for natural antiviral mechanisms within cultured human bone cancer cells. (the-scientist.com)
Functional annotation clustering of the microarray data showed that gene clusters involved in immune and antiviral responses ranked highly, involving genes such as chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 ( CCL2 ), chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 ( CCL5 ), chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10 ( CXCL10 ), and toll like receptor 3 ( TLR3 ). (molvis.org)

A pathway involved in the adaptive immune system, a relative newcomer in the world of pathogen defense, may have a more ancient role in protecting cells from invading viruses. (the-scientist.com)
E arlier this year, immunologist Adam Lacy-Hulbert of the Benaroya Research Institute in Seattle and his former postdoc Anna Bruchez were writing up their discovery of a previously unknown immune pathway that defends cells against Ebola virus. (the-scientist.com)
The clinical investigation is a first-in-human trial to use the NK4 gene and to block the HGF/c-Met pathway with gene medicine," writes lead investigator Yugi Tada of Chiba University in an explanation of the study in Springerplus . (survivingmesothelioma.com)
Of note a signiﬁcant enrichment of the IFIT and PARP gene families was observed as well as upregulation of multiple genes involved in the ISGylation pathway such as ISG15, UBE2L6 and HERC5. (lancs.ac.uk)

Bongiorno explains, 'Once you induce cells to produce virus, they essentially stop proliferating, so you need to expand your producer cell line up to the total number of cells needed, start your transfection and then collect your virus. (corning.com)
Eventually, however, cells began using DNA, while viruses predominantly began encoding genetic information in RNA. (livescience.com)
The team used the powerful gene editing tool CRISPR-CAS9 to delete ADAR1 in human cells in the lab, while leaving other cells intact. (livescience.com)
They then infected cells with either the functioning gene or the deleted gene with different amounts of a measles virus. (livescience.com)
The team also infected the cells with a mutated measles virus that carried more double-stranded RNA and watched what happened. (livescience.com)
After adding these transposons to flasks of human cells, Bruchez introduced viruses engineered to express an Ebola glycoprotein, killing most of the cells. (the-scientist.com)
When the cells are exposed to an Ebola-mimicking virus, the p41-bound cathepsins are unable to cleave off the virus's glycoprotein, stopping it from fusing with the membrane and thus trapping it inside the endosome. (the-scientist.com)
One isoform in particular, p41 , could keep CD74 knockout cells alive in the face of the virus with the Ebola glycoprotein. (the-scientist.com)
Electron microscopy showed that, in cells expressing p41 , the glycoprotein remained trapped inside the endosomes that housed the engineered viruses after they were internalized by the cell. (the-scientist.com)
We then transferred the HSV-TK gene to target cells SW1990 using these progeny virions, and treated these gene-modified tumor cells with GCV to study the sensitivity of the cells to GCV and their bystander effects by routine MTT-method. (wjgnet.com)
The viruses first selectively infect and replicate only in tumor cells. (biospace.com)
To examine the effect of catalase gene transfer on survival of corneal endothelial cells (EC) following challenge with hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) in an ex vivo model of oxidative stress. (bmj.com)
Wild-type mice inoculated with active virus did not develop abnormal Paneth cells, nor did Atg16L1 HM mice that received ultraviolet-inactivated MNV CR6. (crohnsforum.com)
Validation of these gene targets was carried out in liver biopsies and tissue culture cells. (lancs.ac.uk)
However, the virus is generally inactive (latent) because it is controlled by T cells. (medlineplus.gov)
Specifically, the magnesium transporter produced from the MAGT1 gene is active in CD8+ T cells, which are especially important in controlling viral infections such as the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). (medlineplus.gov)
Mutations in the MAGT1 gene impair the magnesium transporter's function, reducing the amount of magnesium that gets into T cells. (medlineplus.gov)
The configuration of the TCR beta gene in primary tumor cells infected by HTLV-I was compared with that in the derived cell lines. (rupress.org)
It is easier to control the size and shape of a filamentous virus, which also persist longer in living cells. (chemistryworld.com)
They presented the RNA-laden virus to cancer cells in a test tube. (chemistryworld.com)
Then it is collected from the cells and injected into eggs to grow virus stocks. (cdc.gov)
In the new study, Dr. Chien's team tested the ability of several AAVs - some naturally occurring and some created in other research labs - to deliver genes to the several types of cells in the ears of mice. (nih.gov)
While all of the viruses tested could infect both inner and outer hair cells to varying degrees, a lab-designed virus called AAV2.7m8 showed the most promise, delivering the gene to over 80 percent of both cell types. (nih.gov)
This inhibits cleavage of the sialyl-acid bond to the host receptor, thus the virus is unable to be released from infected host cells and spread to new cells. (who.int)

The virus was taken up and the target genes subsequently silenced. (chemistryworld.com)
This allowed viruses to spread rapidly and subsequently to become endemic. (wikipedia.org)

Highly pathogenic bird flu viruses cause severe illness and death in birds and destroy chicken eggs, and are therefore very difficult to grow in eggs. (cdc.gov)
This virus was highly pathogenic in chickens and humans and posed a significant threat to public health. (nature.com)
HIV is one of the most pathogenic new viruses to have emerged in centuries. (wikipedia.org)

The present study was conducted to understand the relationship of the 2003 isolates with the 1965 strain and to assess association of mutations in G, N, and P genes with different clinical manifestations. (cdc.gov)
Partial G gene nucleotide sequence alignment of 3 Chandipura viruses (CHPV) isolated during the outbreak along with the corresponding sequence derived from the clinical samples. (cdc.gov)
Clinical trials are also ongoing with the unarmed enadenotucirev virus in different tumor types and in combination trials with a checkpoint inhibitor and with a chemotherapeutic. (biospace.com)
murine leukemia virus in clinical trials. (what-when-how.com)

XMEN is caused by mutations in the MAGT1 gene. (medlineplus.gov)
Sequencing of these specimens identified the new variant of SARS CoV-2 B.1.1.529, now called Omicron which has over 30 mutations in the S gene. (who.int)
Screening for the suggested presence of Omicron VOC can be performed by identifying S gene target failure (SGTF) or by using assays that target specific mutations. (who.int)

Gelsinger, the eighteenth and final patient in the Phase I experiment, was the second person to receive a dose of 3.8×10 13 virus particles, believed to be the highest so far with an adenovirus. (nature.com)

Reverse transcription is accomplished using the enzyme reverse transcriptase, which the virus carries with it inside its shell. (msdmanuals.com)

On 26 November 2021, WHO on the advice of the Technical Advisory Group on SARS-CoV-2 Virus Evolution (TAG-VE) designated a new Variant of Concern (VOC), Omicron. (who.int)

In males (who have only one X chromosome), one altered copy of the gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the condition. (medlineplus.gov)
The virus stocks undergo testing to determine if a sufficient amount of virus is present in the eggs, and the CVV is analyzed to determine if it is suitable for vaccine development in terms of compliance with regulatory requirements. (cdc.gov)

The primers listed in Table 2 were designed on the basis of published sequences and used to amplify and sequence the G, P, and N genes ( 4 , 5 ). (cdc.gov)
In some countries laws specifically provide that isolated genetic material, such as gene sequences, may be considered patentable inventions (as long as they meet the other criteria for the granting of a patent) even if corresponding genes occur in nature. (who.int)

Subsequent differentiation allows for rear- analysis of a set of mouse B lineage cell lines rep- rangements of the Ig light-chain (IgL) genes that replace the resenting defined stages of B cell development us- surrogate light-chain genes on the surface of the B cell [8]. (lu.se)

pol Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (uchicago.edu)
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "pol Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus" by people in this website by year, and whether "pol Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (uchicago.edu)
Below are the most recent publications written about "pol Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus" by people in Profiles. (uchicago.edu)
Data collected through global and animal flu surveillance informs the selection of CVVs, and experts choose CVVs against bird flu viruses in nature ("wild type" viruses) that pose a risk to human health. (cdc.gov)
In addition, HPAI viruses cause severe illness and death in animal models of human disease. (cdc.gov)
As of 31 March 2015, H5N1 virus caused at least 826 laboratory-confirmed human infections, including 440 deaths across 16 countries 2 . (nature.com)
His research, funded by the National Institutes of Health, uses AAV to insert a corrective human gene for beta-glucuronidase into newborn MPS VII mice. (myvmc.com)
The social history of viruses describes the influence of viruses and viral infections on human history. (wikipedia.org)
Epidemics caused by viruses began when human behaviour changed during the Neolithic period, around 12,000 years ago, when humans developed more densely populated agricultural communities. (wikipedia.org)
Examples of retroviruses are the human immunodeficiency viruses and the human T-cell leukemia viruses. (msdmanuals.com)

When the ADAR1 gene is defective, it can't transform some double-stranded RNA produced by the body into single-stranded RNA. (livescience.com)
And though the virus usually makes single-stranded RNA, it can make mistakes and form some double-stranded copies as well. (livescience.com)

The Qinghai-like Clade 2.2 virus was found to possess a high genetic relationship with viruses isolated from other countries on the migratory flyway of wild birds 4 , suggesting that the migration of wild birds played an important role in circulating H5N1 HPAIV viruses between the different avian populations. (nature.com)

This situation typically arises when it is considered that the isolated gene or genetic material may serve a distinct useful purpose. (who.int)
either DNA or RNA viruses may have single or double strands of genetic material. (msdmanuals.com)

Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) can be harnessed to sequence-specifically degrade host transcripts and induce heritable epigenetic modifications referred to as virus-induced posttranscriptional gene silencing (ViPTGS) and virus-induced transcriptional gene silencing (ViTGS), respectively. (ed.ac.uk)
Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is an alternative functional genomics tool for soybean because it does not involve the generation of inheritable changes. (researchsquare.com)
In this chapter, we describe the methodology for Tobacco rattle virus (TRV)-based VIGS in Nicotiana tabacum. (wur.nl)

The measles virus stores its genetic information in RNA instead of DNA. (livescience.com)
Measles is not the only virus that can hijack the immune system, and Cattaneo said he hopes to determine the activation thresholds for other viruses, such as the yellow fever virus and the Chikungunya virus (which are both spread by mosquitoes). (livescience.com)
Most people probably think of viruses as villains that bring illnesses like measles, HIV, and the flu, but some viruses are proving to be valuable allies in the fight against genetic diseases. (nih.gov)
Smallpox and measles viruses are among the oldest that infect humans. (wikipedia.org)

He says any vaccine for this type of virus will cause mass death if the vaccinated person catches it. (godlikeproductions.com)

CHPV was described for the first time in India in 1965, when it was isolated from the serum of a patient with febrile illness ( 2 ) during an outbreak of dengue and Chikungunya viruses. (cdc.gov)

RNA species obtained from clonal lines of avian sarcoma and from avian leukosis virus. (wikidata.org)

In 2006, a Qinghai-like Clade 2.2 virus re-emerged in Qinghai Lake and caused more infections in wild birds, including bar-headed geese and great black-headed gulls. (nature.com)

Anatomy12

Organisms124

Diseases24

Chemicals and Drugs35

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment21

Phenomena and Processes44

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care3

Proteins13

Adeno-assoc18

Genome13

Genomes of viruses2

Combinations of genes2

Vectors7

Protein17

Hepatitis B vir2

Therapy47

Bacterial4

Influenza26

Bacteriophages3

Susceptibility4

Infection19

Plant genes2

Scientists13

Mosaic virus1

Expression20

Mutation5

Interferon4

Infect bacteria2

Neuraminidase2

Researchers8

Therapies3

Replication3

Characterization2

Benthamiana5

Phylogenetic4

Recombinant1

Herpes2

Vector3

Immune response2

Vaccines2

Resistance5

Bacteria6

Respiratory6

Pandemic1

Antiviral2

Pathway4

Cells24

Subsequently2

Pathogenic3

Clinical4

Mutations3

Adenovirus1

Transcription1

20211

Sufficient2

Sequences2

Surrogate1

Human10

Single-stranded2

H5N11

Genetic material2

VIGS3

Measles4

Vaccine1

Chikungunya1

Avian leuko1

Clade1