Genes th1 cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

T-bet controls transcription of many genes, for example proinflammatory cytokines like lymphotoxin-a, tumour necrosis factor and ifng, which is a hallmark cytokine of type one immunity. (wikipedia.org)
Finally, a number of biologics that target CD4 + T cell differentiation into inflammatory subsets or their byproducts (i.e., cytokines) have shown efficacy in treating patients with IBD ( 5 - 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
Given the importance of CD4 + Th cells in the disease process, this review will focus on how Th cells differentiate in the inflamed intestinal tract during IBD and how the Th lineage-specific cytokines and transcription factors (TFs) contribute to disease. (frontiersin.org)
Interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-23, cytokines induced during early stages of IBD, play important roles in differentiation of interferon (IFN)-γ/tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-producing Th1 cells as well as IL-17-producing Th17 cells. (frontiersin.org)
PD-1 elevation may reflect T-cell exhaustion marked by decreased proliferation, production of type I cytokines, and poor cytolytic activity. (nih.gov)
When PD-1 bound its ligand PD-L1, we observed a marked suppression of critical TCR target genes and Th1 cytokines. (nih.gov)
These specialized T-cells, called Th1 cells, produce specific cytokines and stimulate other immune cells to get rid of foreign invaders (pathogens) in the cell. (medlineplus.gov)
Inherited genetic variants such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of candidate genes, encoding various cytokines, chemokines, and inflammatory regulators, have become a subject of interest of genetic studies searching for independent predictors of GVHD development and HSCT outcome [ 4 - 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
Besides the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6), the increased expression of receptor repertoire (pattern recognition receptors, PRR) on APCs, mostly macrophages and dendritic cells, occurs as a result of the release of endogenous and exogenous antigens (damage-associated molecular patterns, DAMPs, and pathogen-associated molecular patterns, PAMPs). (hindawi.com)
Les IgIV intéragissent avec de nombreux composants du système immunitaire comme les récepteurs Fc, le complément, les cytokines, les lymphocytes T et B, les cellules dendritiques, les granulocytes et les cellules NK, ce qui explique en partie leurs effets anti-inflammatoires. (academie-medecine.fr)
2 The interaction of IVIG with a large number of components of the immune system including Fc receptors, complement molecules, cytokines, B and T lymphocytes, neutrophils and NK cells, may explain at least in part their anti-inflammatory effects. (academie-medecine.fr)
TIM-3 is expressed on activated human CD4+ T cells and regulates Th1 and Th17 cytokines. (beckman.com)
TH1 and TH2 produce cytokines, interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interleukin-4 (IL-4), respectively. (justia.com)
MS is an inflammatory-mediated demyelinating disease that has been associated with production of interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-17, two cytokines that are produced by Th1 and Th17 cells, respectively 12 . (nature.com)
We had no idea about the characteristics of T cells, the pathogenic T-cell subsets, associated cytokines or cellular and molecular drivers' that drove pathogenic immunity. (dermatologytimes.com)
Pigr) in addition to local and systemic secretion of Th1/Th17-promoting cytokines. (uu.nl)
The hierarchy of T-cell dysfunction from peripheral blood to inflamed joint suggests that these defects are acquired through prolonged exposure to proinflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α. (biomedcentral.com)
To evaluate the impact of CD2 on CAR-T function, we generated CD19 CAR-T cells (UCART19) with or without CD2 deletion, single-cell secretome analysis revealed that CD2 deletion in UCART19 reduced frequencies of the effector cytokines (Granzyme-B and IFN-Î³). (bvsalud.org)
Other factors have been suggested to correlate with response to immunotherapy based on clinical and preclinical studies, including elevated type 1 helper T cell (Th1) tumoral gene signature, [ 11 ] and IFN-γ expression, possibly attributable to its ties to other proteins and cytokines within the tumor microenvironment. (medscape.com)
At infection sites, activated T cells secrete cytokines (eg, interferon-gamma [IFN-gamma]) that induce production of macrophage migration inhibitory factor, preventing macrophages from leaving. (msdmanuals.com)

Th1 phenotype is also stabilised by repression of regulators of other Th cell phenotypes (Th2 and Th17). (wikipedia.org)
Type 17 immune response (Th17) phenotype is suppressed by RUNX1 recruitment, which disallows it to mediate Th17 specific genes, like rorc, a Th17 master regulator. (wikipedia.org)
Finally, the authors identified baseline inflammatory gene signatures, mostly present in Th1 and Th17 cell populations, that associated with treatment failure. (jci.org)
These signatures suggest a potential role for these genes and Th1 and Th17 cells as predictors or influencers of OIT outcomes (dashed arrows). (jci.org)
BMI1-deficient Tregs beared a TH1/TH17-like phenotype as assessed by assays of genome wide transcription, chromatin accessibility and proteomic techniques. (jci.org)
Loss of Treg identity via genetic or transient BMI1 depletion perturbs the epigenome and converts Tregs into Th1/Th17-like proinflammatory cells, a transition relevant to human Crohn's disease associated CD4+ T cells. (jci.org)
Animal modeling and human mechanistic data are summarized to support the view that vitamin D probably influences thymic negative selection, effector Th1 and Th17 pathogenesis and responsiveness to extrinsic cell death signals, FoxP3 + CD4 + T-regulatory cell and CD4 + T-regulatory cell type 1 (Tr1) cell functions, and a Th1-Tr1 switch. (frontiersin.org)
Research on vitamin D regulation of thymocyte selection, Th1 and Th17 cells, T-cell programed cell death, and T-regulatory (Treg) cells is summarized and integrated into model mechanisms. (frontiersin.org)
More recently, the role of Th1 and Th17 CD4 + cells in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the most commonly used experimental model for human MS, has been challenged, and it has been demonstrated that the transcription factor T-bet (also known as Tbx21 ) is critical for controlling Th1/Th17-mediated autoimmunity 12 . (nature.com)
It has been shown that Th17 cells can also co-express Foxp3 or T-bet 18 , 19 , which are the master regulators of Tregs and Th1 cells, respectively. (nature.com)
In addition, it was recently shown that Th17 cells that were generated with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and IL-6 were not pathogenic and did not induce EAE without exposure to IL-23 (ref. 23 ). (nature.com)
Thus, these reports suggest the existence of broad plasticity of Th1 and Th17 cells. (nature.com)
Natural killer T-cell characterization through gene expression profiling: an account of versatility bridging T helper type 1 (Th1), Th2 and Th17 immune responses. (mpg.de)
This stimulates a T-cell response that drives production of IL-17, a cytokine used to define a Th17 T cell. (dermatologytimes.com)
induced mucosal immunoglobulin A (IgA) and T helper type 17 (Th17) responses, and in addition evoked elevated systemic immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody levels, IgG-producing plasma cells, memory B cells, and Th17 cells. (uu.nl)
These adaptive responses were preceded by unique local expression of genes of the innate immune response related to Th17 (e.g. (uu.nl)
Analysis of gene expression revealed a shift towards Th17 helper T cell driven autoimmunity by HSD. (neurology.org)
In vitro, restimulation of MOG primed splenocytes from mice on a HSD led to increased expression of IL-17 and Th17 signature genes. (neurology.org)

Though being for long thought of only as a master regulator of type 1 immune response, T-bet has recently been shown to be implicated in development of various immune cell subsets and maintenance of mucosal homeostasis. (wikipedia.org)
Many subsets of CD4 + T cells have been identified as players in perpetuating chronic intestinal inflammation. (frontiersin.org)
Naive T helper cells differentiate into two subsets, Th1 and Th2, each with distinct functions and cytokine profiles. (nih.gov)
In this issue of the JCI, Monian, Tu, and colleagues describe distinct subsets of peanut-reactive CD4+ Th cell phenotypes and gene signatures with relevance to OIT outcomes using single-cell RNA-Seq and paired T cell receptor (TCR) α/β sequencing. (jci.org)
Lower frequencies of naive CD8+ T cells and terminally differentiated CD57+CD8+ T cell subsets at baseline (pre-OIT) are associated with SU. (stanford.edu)
These cells subsets trigger differentiated immune response patterns, which are responsible to combat different antigens. (ufrgs.br)
CD4+ cells were divided into Th1 and Th2 subsets. (mingsheng88.org)
To date, several CD4 + Th cell subsets have been described. (nature.com)
Strong T cell infiltrated VSCC displayed a coordinated immune response reflected by a positive association between T cells and different lymphocyte and myeloid cell subsets. (bmj.com)

Studies in mouse show that Tbx21 protein is a Th1 cell-specific transcription factor that controls the expression of the hallmark Th1 cytokine, interferon-gamma (IFNg). (wikipedia.org)
This gene encodes a subunit of interleukin 12, a cytokine that acts on T and natural killer cells, and has a broad array of biological activities. (nih.gov)
Interleukin 12 is a disulfide-linked heterodimer composed of the 40 kD cytokine receptor like subunit encoded by this gene, and a 35 kD subunit encoded by IL12A. (nih.gov)
This cytokine is expressed by activated macrophages that serve as an essential inducer of Th1 cells development. (nih.gov)
This cytokine has been found to be important for sustaining a sufficient number of memory/effector Th1 cells to mediate long-term protection to an intracellular pathogen. (nih.gov)
Overexpression of this gene was observed in the central nervous system of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), suggesting a role of this cytokine in the pathogenesis of the disease. (nih.gov)
Here, we report the isolation of T-bet, a Th1-specific T box transcription factor that controls the expression of the hallmark Th1 cytokine, IFNgamma. (nih.gov)
TIM-1 ligation induces T cell proliferation and promotes cytokine production (1, 10). (rndsystems.com)
Similarly, PGLs produced by a subset of M. tuberculosis isolates inhibit the host Th1-type T-cell and cytokine response ( 6 ). (cdc.gov)
A typical example, in which there is a situation described above and it is difficult to separate the objective live cells selectively, includes the case where cells secreting a specific cytokine are selectively separated using the cytokine as a selection marker. (justia.com)
Each distinct CD4 + T-cell subset has a specific function and can mainly be distinguished by its cytokine profile, the expression pattern of cell surface molecules, and the activation of specific transcription factors 8 . (nature.com)
Moreover, Th1 IFN-γ-producing cells have been shown to have the capacity to produce the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10, initially considered a Th2 cytokine 20 . (nature.com)
Indeed, there are now compelling data to suggest that chronic cytokine activation may contribute substantially to the phenotype and effector function of synovial T cells. (biomedcentral.com)
On the basis of these data, it is proposed that T-cell survival and effector responses are driven by antigen-independent, cytokine-dependent mechanisms, and that therapeutic strategies that seek to restore T-cell homeostasis rather than further depress T-cell function should be explored in the future. (biomedcentral.com)
For cytokine genes, at least three stages are thought to be required for the acquisition of transcriptional competence in T cells: an initiation phase, a commitment phase, and a phase of acute gene transcription (Fig. 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)

Overall, these results defined a PD-1/SHP-2/STAT1/T-bet signaling axis mediating the suppressive effects of PD-1 on Th1 immunity at tumor sites. (nih.gov)
Our findings argue that PD-1 or SHP-2 blockade will be sufficient to restore robust Th1 immunity and T-cell activation and thereby reverse immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment. (nih.gov)
This gene family is involved in the regulation of Th1 and Th2-cell-mediated immunity. (rndsystems.com)
Among immune cells, Foxp3 + regulatory T cells (Treg cells) are potent inhibitors of cancer immunity, and their presence within solid tumors is generally associated with a poor prognosis. (mdpi.com)
TIM-3 plays an important role in immunity, the dysregulation of TIM-3 expression has been associated with autoimmune diseases, viral infections and cancer and it's expression on numerous cell types (T cell, Treg, dendritic cell, myeloid cells) favors tumor escape to immune cells. (beckman.com)
The outcome of this thesis will help in understanding pathophysiological effects of T helper cells and also the role of estrogen receptors in T cells and their effects in cancer immunity and autoimmunity. (slu.se)
ABSTRACT To test the role of T helper cell Th1 immunity we recruited 24 patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenia associated with H. pylori seropositivity. (who.int)

Both need to cooperate to reach stable Th1 phenotype. (wikipedia.org)
The 2-step expression of T-bet can be viewed as a safety mechanism of sort, which ensures, that cells commit to the Th1 phenotype only when desired. (wikipedia.org)
Type 2 immune response (Th2) phenotype is repressed by sequestering of its master regulator, GATA3 away from its target genes. (wikipedia.org)
These cells have been shown to secrete IFNg and in vitro to polarise naïve T helper cells towards Th1 phenotype. (wikipedia.org)
On the other hand, environmental factors have been reported to modulate epigenetic modifications and thereby affect gene expression and phenotype [ 11 , 12 ]. (researchsquare.com)
The plaques were of a complex phenotype, defined by increased percent of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and necrotic core area and reduced percent of macrophages and DCs. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
The CKO DCs themselves exhibited increased expression of IL 12 and a higher capacity to proliferate and polarize naive T cells to the Th1 phenotype in vitro. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
However, the unusual phenotype of synovial T cells, including their profound proliferative hyporesponsiveness to TCR ligation, has challenged the notion that T-cell effector responses are driven by cognate cartilage antigens in inflamed synovial joints. (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore, A. fumigatus particles exhibited greater persistence in the lungs of recipient mice when compared to non-viable A. fumigatus or A. versicolor , and this correlated with increased maintenance of airway memory-phenotype CD8 + T cells. (cdc.gov)

Critical factors in the differentiation of effector Th cells during inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). (frontiersin.org)
Furthermore, EAE protection was accompanied by sex- and genotype-specific suppression of proinflammatory transcriptional programs in CD4 T effector cells, yet not CD4 regulatory T cells, according to the study. (ajmc.com)
The researchers observed decreased expression of proinflammatory genes with high Vit D in female CD4 T effector cells, which demonstrates the key role of MHC class II genes, interferon gamma, and Th1 cell-mediated neuroinflammation. (ajmc.com)
Precisely how effector T cells initiate and promote the inflammatory process in RA, however, remains far from clear. (biomedcentral.com)
Much of the remainder of the discussion focuses on the different ways in which, in the longer term, the chronic inflammatory process influences maturation, differentiation, and function of effector T cells at sites of inflammation. (biomedcentral.com)
There is now good evidence that there exists a coordinated programme of molecular events initiated at the outset of T-cell differentiation that leads to the generation of CD4 + Th effector cells [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) was not observed. (bvsalud.org)

We also found that the TCR-regulated phosphatase SHP-2 was expressed higher in TIL than in PBL, tightly correlating with PD-1 expression and negative regulation of TCR target genes. (nih.gov)
RIViT-seq technology could speed up associating transcription factors with their target genes. (doe.gov)

These cells primarily produce interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) that, respectively, activate macrophages and direct cytotoxic CD8 + T cell responses, that in turn promote elimination of intracellular pathogens such as viruses and bacteria ( 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
Hamana A, Takahashi Y, Tanioka A, Nishikawa M, Takakura Y. Safe and effective interferon-beta gene therapy for the treatment of multiple sclerosis by regulating biological activity through the design of interferon-beta-galectin-9 fusion proteins. (benthamscience.com)
In a matrigel invasion assay, interferon-gamma, a specific inhibitor of eotaxin-related homing, significantly reduced the transmigration of PC-3 cells, under co-cultured condition with MSCs, in a dose-dependent manner (P (cancerindex.org)
The expression of genes involved in the migration of T cells and myeloid cells, T cell activation and costimulation, interferon (IFN)-γ signaling, cytotoxicity and apoptosis was higher than in low infiltrated tumors. (bmj.com)
We identified a significant induction of epithelial alarmin (thymic stromal lymphopoietin-TSLP)-dependent interleukin-13 pathway after co-exposure, associated with increased mucin and interferon gene expression. (cdc.gov)

FOXP3+ Tregs are expanded within the inflamed intestine of human Crohn's disease, yet FOXP3-mediated gene repression within these cells is lost. (jci.org)
Using human Tregs and lamina propria T cells, we inferred PRC1 to regulate Crohn's associated gene networks through assays of chromatin accessibility. (jci.org)
Gene therapy-induced antigen-specific Tregs inhibit neuro-inflammation and reverse disease in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. (benthamscience.com)
In contrast, regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a cardinal role in protecting against autoimmune diseases, inflammation and tissue damage 13 through secretion of IL-10 (ref. 14 ) and other mechanisms. (nature.com)
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are specifically reduced in adipose tissue of obese animals. (diabetesjournals.org)
Mice deficient for both low density lipoprotein receptor and PD-1 (Ldlr(-/-)Pd1(-/-)) displayed striking increases in systemic CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell activation after 9 weeks of high fat diet feeding, associated with an expansion of both pro-atherogenic IFNγ-secreting T helper 1 cells and atheroprotective Foxp3+ Tregs. (uni-wuerzburg.de)

Secondly, T-bet ablation causes increased levels of TNF, as its expression is not repressed in dendritic cells and immune system is more biased away from Th1. (wikipedia.org)
It is expressed in Th1 cells and conventional dendritic cells (CD11c + ), and serves to downregulate AP-1 mediated transcription. (rndsystems.com)
Dr. Krueger says that the T-cell model omitted a key element of immune reactions: dendritic antigen-presenting cells. (dermatologytimes.com)
Dendritic cells are also a highly abundant part of the psoriasis lesion. (dermatologytimes.com)
Dendritic cells in psoriasis lesions are marked by increased expression of TNF and the enzyme iNOS, which makes nitrous oxide. (dermatologytimes.com)
We called them TNF/iNOS-producing (TIP) dendritic cells, in parallel to a dendritic cell that had been discovered a year before in mice. (dermatologytimes.com)
2 These dendritic cells help eliminate certain types of bacteria, he says. (dermatologytimes.com)
As we continued to study the TIP dendritic cell, we found many other markers that distinguish it from background dendritic cells. (dermatologytimes.com)
Macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) play an essential role in taking up modified lipids and presenting them to T and B lymphocytes, which promote the immune response. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
Dendritic cells are present in the skin (as Langerhans cells), lymph nodes, and tissues throughout the body. (msdmanuals.com)
Dendritic cells in the skin act as sentinel APCs, taking up antigen, then traveling to local lymph nodes where they can activate T cells. (msdmanuals.com)
Follicular dendritic cells are a distinct lineage (a different cell type than conventional dendritic cells), do not express class II MHC molecules, and therefore do not present antigen to Th cells. (msdmanuals.com)

Moreover, PGL-1 seems to be associated with resistance to intracellular killing by macrophages ( 3 ) and promotes phagocytosis of M. leprae by macrophages and Schwann cells by binding to complement component C3 or laminin α2 chain, respectively ( 4 , 5 ). (cdc.gov)
FcRn expressed in endosomal compartment of intestinal epithelium, vascular endothelium and macrophages regulates the serum IgG levels by binding to the pinocytosed antibodies and recirculating them to cell surface without intracellular degradation. (academie-medecine.fr)
TIM-3 is also known to be expressed on certain innate immune cells, including NK cells, macrophages, DCs, and mast cells. (beckman.com)
The inflammatory response is a critical part of renal interstitial fibrosis, which is mainly accomplished by two types of inflammatory cells, macrophages and lymphocytes ( 4 , 7 , 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Macrophages are phagocytic cells present in tissues throughout the body. (msdmanuals.com)

Interleukin (IL)-12, which is secreted by antigen-presenting cells, acts via signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)4 to promote the differentiation of naïve T cells into Th1 cells ( 9 - 11 ). (frontiersin.org)
STAT4 also signals activation of the TF T-bet, a lineage-defining factor for Th1 differentiation, which upregulates the IL-12 receptor, IFN-γ expression, and causes further expansion of Th1 cells (Figure 1 ) ( 12 ). (frontiersin.org)
CD80/86-CD28 interaction and others), these signals initiate a program of cell division and differentiation. (frontiersin.org)
CD8+ T Cell Differentiation Status Correlates with the Feasibility of Sustained Unresponsiveness Following Oral Immunotherapy. (stanford.edu)
pubMedId':'36333296','pubMedUrl':'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36333296','publicationId':'861787','title':'CD8+ T cell differentiation status correlates with the feasibility of sustained unresponsiveness following oral immunotherapy. (stanford.edu)
There are many genes associated with the Th0 differentiation in Th1 or Th2. (ufrgs.br)
We show that NAD + regulates CD4 + T-cell differentiation through tryptophan hydroxylase-1 ( Tph1 ), independently of well-established transcription factors. (nature.com)
Our findings unravel a new pathway orchestrating CD4 + T-cell differentiation and demonstrate that NAD + may serve as a powerful therapeutic agent for the treatment of autoimmune and other diseases. (nature.com)
Although differentiation of naïve CD4 + T cells has been considered to be an irreversible process, accumulating evidence suggests that T cells are much more flexible than initially believed with the ability to interchange between helper phenotypes 15 . (nature.com)
This chapter aims to explore this theme in more depth, beginning with an outline of the molecular events that dictate the differentiation of T helper (Th) cells at the outset of adaptive immune responses in regional lymph nodes. (biomedcentral.com)

We identified Ol interacting with CD4+ cells in vivo in spinal cord tissue of EAE diseased mice indicating that our in vitro findings are of interest to further scientific research in this field. (uni-regensburg.de)
Oligodendrocytes regulate immune modulatory genes and adhesion molecules during autoimmune neuroinflammation Oligodendrocytes interact with Th1 cells in vitro in a physiologically relevant manner Adhesion molecules may be involved in Ol-Th1 cell interaction. (uni-regensburg.de)
The present study was performed using unilateral ureteral obstruction mice and HK‑2 cells in vivo and in vitro . (spandidos-publications.com)

Background A profound insight into the immune landscape of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) is lacking. (bmj.com)
Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) is the predominant histologic type of vulvar cancer. (bmj.com)
Several classes of drug have been approved for the treatment of melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer, bladder cancer, and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, among others. (medscape.com)

Evidence for CD4 + T-cell involvement in autoimmune disease pathogenesis and for paracrine calcitriol signaling to CD4 + T lymphocytes is summarized to support the thesis that calcitriol is sunlight's main protective signal transducer in autoimmune disease risk. (frontiersin.org)
EAE], the principal autoimmune model used to study the pathogenesis of MS, can be induced by immunization with CNS homogenate or specific myelin proteins/peptides, or by transfer of CD4 T cells reactive to these antigens," the authors explained. (ajmc.com)
The strong association between specific alleles encoded within the MHC class II region and the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has provided the best evidence to date that CD4 + T cells play a role in the pathogenesis of this chronic inflammatory disease. (biomedcentral.com)

In a typical scenario it is thought that IFNg and T cell receptor (TCR) signalling initiates the expression of Tbet, and once TCR signalling stops, signalling via IL-12 receptor can come to play as it was blocked by repression of expression of one of its receptor subunits (IL12Rb2) by TCR signalling. (wikipedia.org)
T helper cells recognize antigen presented in the context of major histocompatibility complex II on antigen-presenting cells in a T cell receptor-dependent fashion (not shown). (frontiersin.org)
Recent advances in single-cell sequencing enable recovery of the complete adaptive immune receptor sequences in addition to transcriptional information. (nature.com)
secreted version: antibodies) and T cell receptor (TCR), respectively. (nature.com)
Although anti-PD-1 antibodies enhance IFNγ secretion after stimulation of the T-cell receptor (TCR), the mechanistic link between PD-1 and its effects on T-cell help (Tc1/Th1 skewing) remains unclear. (nih.gov)
Soluble interleukin 23 receptor gene therapy with adeno-associated vectors for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. (benthamscience.com)
Estrogen exerts its action on immune cells using estrogen nuclear receptors, estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and estrogen receptor beta (ERβ). (slu.se)
To study the effect of estrogen and molecular mechanism, I silenced the estrogen alpha receptor gene that is predominantly expressed in T cells, by using siRNA approach. (slu.se)
The protein encoded by this gene is a receptor for C-C type chemokines. (cancerindex.org)
This receptor may contribute to the accumulation and activation of eosinophils and other inflammatory cells in the allergic airway. (cancerindex.org)
This gene and seven other chemokine receptor genes form a chemokine receptor gene cluster on the chromosomal region 3p21. (cancerindex.org)
A gene expression array showed significantly increased expression of CCR3, a receptor of eotaxin-3, in PC-3. (cancerindex.org)
Here, we investigated the role of the co-inhibitory receptor programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) in T cell activation and CD4(+) T cell polarization towards pro-atherogenic or atheroprotective responses in mice. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
To broaden the use of CAR-T cells in pan T-cell malignancies, we developed an allogeneic "universal" CD2-targeting CAR-T cell (UCART2), in which the CD2 antigen is deleted to prevent fratricide, and the T-cell receptor is removed to prevent GvHD. (bvsalud.org)
Next, we combined bioinformatics analysis, multiple unbiased cell-based assays, and histology examinations to identify a novel CCK receptor, GPR173. (bvsalud.org)

Populations of T-bet positive B cells were also identified in various autoimmune diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus, Crohn's disease, multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. (wikipedia.org)
A normal variation in the STAT4 gene has been associated with an increased risk of developing systemic scleroderma, which is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the buildup of scar tissue (fibrosis) in the skin and internal organs. (medlineplus.gov)
Although the STAT4 gene is known to stimulate the immune system in response to pathogens, it is unknown how the gene variation contributes to the increased risk of systemic scleroderma. (medlineplus.gov)
Conditional deletion of BMI1 in murine FOXP3+ cells led to systemic inflammation. (jci.org)

Krementsov D, Asarian L, Fang Q, McGill M, Teuscher C. Sex-specific gene-by-vitamin D interactions regulate susceptibility to central nervous system autoimmunity [published online July 17, 2018]. (ajmc.com)
CD4 + T cells are involved in the development of autoimmunity, including multiple sclerosis (MS). Here we show that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD + ) blocks experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of MS, by inducing immune homeostasis through CD4 + IFNγ + IL-10 + T cells and reverses disease progression by restoring tissue integrity via remyelination and neuroregeneration. (nature.com)

T-box genes encode transcription factors involved in the regulation of developmental processes. (wikipedia.org)
The polycomb repressive complexes play a role in FOXP3 target gene regulation, but deeper mechanistic insight is incomplete. (jci.org)
Its roles include regulation of proliferation, promotion of immune system and activation of apoptosis in B cells. (intechopen.com)
lncRNAs have been reported to possess multiple functions including regulation of gene expression, transcriptional activation and silencing of genes and thus play critical roles in a diversity of cellular process [ 14 , 15 ]. (researchsquare.com)
Aortic root sections from atherosclerotic mice showed presence of hypoxia and up-regulation of HIF1α which co-localized with CD11c+ cells. (uni-wuerzburg.de)

Expression of the human ortholog also correlates with IFNg expression in Th1 and natural killer cells, suggesting a role for this gene in initiating Th1 lineage development from naive Th precursor cells. (wikipedia.org)
Thus, T-bet initiates Th1 lineage development from naive Thp cells both by activating Th1 genetic programs and by repressing the opposing Th2 programs. (nih.gov)
Chromatin immunoprecipitations in naive CD4, but not CD8, T cells, demonstrated association of the IL-4 promoter with acetylated histone. (doe.gov)
Frequency of naive CD8+ T cells shows a significant positive correlation with peanut-specific and Ara h 2-specific IgE levels at baseline. (stanford.edu)

Human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) monocytes were stained with Mouse Anti-Human CD11c PE-conjugated Monoclonal Antibody (Catalog # FAB1777P ) and either (A) Mouse Anti-Human BATF3 Monoclonal Antibody (Catalog # MAB7437) or (B) Mouse IgG 2B Flow Cytometry Isotype Control (Catalog # MAB0041 ) followed by Allophycocyanin-conjugated Anti-Mouse IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog # F0101B ). (rndsystems.com)
To facilitate intracellular staining, cells were fixed with Flow Cytometry Fixation Buffer (Catalog # FC004 ) and permeabilized with Flow Cytometry Permeabilization/Wash Buffer I (Catalog # FC005 ). (rndsystems.com)
In the case that the translation products of a gene are cell surface molecules, a method for selectively separating cells which have expressed the specific gene, while being viable, is to make fluorescence labeled antibodies bind to the surface molecules for labeling the cells fluorescently, to identify fluorescing cells by flow cytometry, and to separate the identified cells with a cell sorter (Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorter, FACS). (justia.com)

T-box transcription factor TBX21, also called T-bet (T-box expressed in T cells) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TBX21 gene. (wikipedia.org)
The STAT4 gene provides instructions for a protein that acts as a transcription factor, which means that it attaches (binds) to specific regions of DNA and helps control the activity of certain genes. (medlineplus.gov)
When activated, the STAT4 protein increases the activity of genes that help immune cells called T-cells mature into specialized T-cells. (medlineplus.gov)
Streamlining Regulon Identification in Bacteria Regulons are a group of genes that can be turned on or off by the same regulatory protein. (doe.gov)
CD366 also known as TIM-3 (T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin containing protein-3) is a type I transmembrane protein that in humans is encoded by the HAVCR2 gene. (beckman.com)
Of note, functionally-relevant differences between humans and chimpanzees are observed regarding the 3 main components of this pathway: i) the protein sequences of immunes TFs binding MER41 LTRs, ii) the insertion sites of MER41 LTRs in the promoter regions of ID-associated genes and iii) the protein sequences of the targeted ID-associated genes. (biorxiv.org)
This molecule binds to high affinity IL-2 receptors and when internalized into cells, releases enzymatic fragments that inhibit protein synthesis and lead to apoptotic cell death. (dermatologytimes.com)
What does this gene/protein do? (cancerindex.org)
What pathways are this gene/protein implicaed in? (cancerindex.org)
Compared with individual exposures, co-exposure aerosols produced greater acellular and cellular oxidants detected by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, and in vivo immune-spin trapping (IST), as well as synergistically increased lavage neutrophils, lavage proteins and inflammation related gene/protein expression. (cdc.gov)

Here, we attempt to dissect mechanisms of Ol modulation during neuroinflammation and characterize the interaction of Ol with pathogenic T cells. (uni-regensburg.de)

Atherosclerosis is an autoimmune disease caused by inflammation and associated infiltration of immune cells in fatty deposits in arteries called atherosclerosis plaques. (wikipedia.org)
This study reported that Nam reduced CD4 + T cell infiltration and demyelination 24 , but failed to identify the protective mechanisms of action. (nature.com)
Obesity elicits immune cell infiltration of adipose tissue provoking chronic low-grade inflammation. (diabetesjournals.org)
Renal fibrosis is mainly divided into two parts: glomerular fibrosis and interstitial fibrosis ( 4 ) and the present study only focused on renal interstitial fibrosis, which is characterized by infiltration of inflammatory cells and deposition of collagen fiber with various degrees of renal insufficiency. (spandidos-publications.com)
Notably, PD-1 deficiency exacerbated atherosclerotic lesion growth and entailed a massive infiltration of T cells in atherosclerotic lesions. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
When these mice were crossed to the Ldlr-/- line and placed on 8 weeks of high fat diet, they developed enhanced plaques with higher T-cell infiltration as compared to the wild-type (WT) controls. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
Here, an in-depth interrogation of T cell infiltration, local immune contexture, signaling pathways and checkpoint molecule expression was performed in early-stage and late-stage VSCC. (bmj.com)
Methods The type, location, and infiltration pattern of T cells were studied in 109 patients with primary VSCC FIGO stage I-III. (bmj.com)
RNA expression of genes involved in immune oncology and oncogenic signaling pathways was analyzed in 40 VSCC, matched for prognostic clinicopathological variables, analyzed for HPV and p53 status, and selected based on T cell infiltration. (bmj.com)
Results High intraepithelial infiltration with CD4 or CD8 T cells was associated with longer overall and recurrence-free survival and formed an independent prognostic factor, outperforming molecular subtype and stage of the disease. (bmj.com)

The dysbiosis appears to be a consequence of multiple factors, firstly the innate lymphoid cells 1 (ILC1) population and a subset of ILC3s are missing, because the expression of T-bet is needed for their maturation. (wikipedia.org)
Over the last few decades, understanding of how each subset of Th cells plays a role has dramatically increased. (frontiersin.org)
Our findings provide evidence that an immune signature consisting of certain CD8+ T cell subset frequencies is potentially predictive of SU following OIT. (stanford.edu)
IFN- is secreted by the Th1 cell subset, which is a major subset of pathogenic T cells in various autoimmune diseases that has been confirmed to be pathogenic in autoimmune uveitis in both patients and animal models[26]. (mingsheng88.org)
However, the mechanism how estrogen regulates T helper subset cells is still uncertain. (slu.se)

In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the different intracellular pathways involved in the programming of Treg cell homeostasis and functions in cancer. (mdpi.com)
We know today that to activate a CD8+ or CD4+ T cell, that T cell needs to see antigens (intracellular and extracellular, respectively). (dermatologytimes.com)
Intracellular antigens (eg, viruses) can be processed and presented to CD8 cytotoxic T cells by any nucleated cell because all nucleated cells express class I MHC molecules. (msdmanuals.com)

Yet, CD4 + T cells are also known to be the main drivers of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) when this balance is perturbed. (frontiersin.org)
Inflammatory bowel disease is a complex set of diseases that includes Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), each with multiple bacterial, immune, and non-immune cell types contributing to inflammation. (frontiersin.org)
Finally, BMI1 mutant FOXP3+ cells did not suppress colitis in the adoptive transfer model of human inflammatory bowel disease. (jci.org)
The proposed Th1-Tr1 switch appears to bridge two stable, self-reinforcing immune states, pro- and anti-inflammatory, each with a characteristic gene regulatory network. (frontiersin.org)
There's a tremendous epidermal thickening reaction, on a bed of mononuclear inflammatory cells in the infiltrate. (dermatologytimes.com)
T cell activation represents a double-edged sword in atherogenesis, as it promotes both pro-inflammatory T cell activation and atheroprotective Foxp3(+) regulatory T cell (Treg) responses. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
In conclusion, we here demonstrate that although disruption of PD-1 signaling enhances both pro- and anti-atherogenic T cell responses in Ldlr(-/-) mice, pro-inflammatory T cell activation prevails and enhances dyslipidemia, vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
Enhanced activation, migration and accumulation of inflammatory cells at the local site leads to formation of atherosclerotic plaques. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
The various immune cells experience hypoxic conditions locally and inflammatory stimuli systemically, thus up-regulating Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
Conditional knockout (CKO) mice lacking HIF1α in CD11c+ cells, under baseline conditions did not show changes in immune responses suggesting effects of HIF1α only under inflammatory conditions. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
However, the results of detailed phenotypic and functional analyses of chronically activated T cells derived from inflamed joints are difficult to reconcile with traditional models of cartilage-antigen-driven inflammatory disease in patients with RA. (biomedcentral.com)
I conclude by speculating about how our understanding of T-cell activation in chronic inflammation may influence future therapy, and discuss this in the context of the prevailing view that in a susceptible host, chronic inflammatory disease occurs through a failure of regulatory T cells to downregulate the inflammatory process. (biomedcentral.com)

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes were determined as the cellular effectors of GVHD, and the key role of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in T-lymphocyte activation was established during the following years [ 11 , 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) from the mice with EAU were irradiated by X-rays (3000 mGy) and mixed with T cells (1:1). (mingsheng88.org)
Although some antigens (Ags) can stimulate the immune response directly, T cell-dependent acquired immune responses typically require antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to present antigen-derived peptides within major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. (msdmanuals.com)

These processes are impeded by PD-1, a coinhibitory molecule expressed on T cells that is elevated in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL). (nih.gov)
In prospectively collected cancer tissues, we found that TIL exhibited dampened Tc1/Th1 skewing and activation compared with peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). (nih.gov)
Gene-environment interactions, sunlight and vitamin D, and T lymphocytes as autoimmune disease initiators and vitamin D targets are discussed to explain the rationale for reviewing vitamin D mechanisms in T cells. (frontiersin.org)
In this situation, peripheral activated T lymphocytes can pass through the blood-retinal barrier because of the T cell receptors and similar polypeptides in the retina, resulting in endophthalmitis[7],[16]. (mingsheng88.org)
RÉSUMÉ Afin de tester le rôle de l'immunité des lymphocytes T auxiliaires de type Th1, nous avons recruté 24 patients atteints de thrombocytopénie idiopathique associée à une séropositivité pour Helicobacter pylori. (who.int)

Mice lacking adapative immune cells and T-bet (RAG -/-, T-bet -/-) developed disease similar to human ulcerative colitis (hence the name TRUC), which was later attributed to the outgrowth Gram-negative bacteria, namely Helicobacter typhlonius. (wikipedia.org)
In last two decades, there have been some remarkable successes of gene therapy approaches on the experimental mice model of MS - experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) which suggests that it is not far that the gene therapy approaches would start in human subjects ensuring the highest levels of safety and efficacy. (benthamscience.com)
Genetic diversity in these immune responses was also demonstrated between Th1 and Th2 strains of mice. (cdc.gov)
Analysis of expression of key known VitD metabolism genes between B6 and PWD mice revealed that their expression is genetically determined and sex specific and implicated Cyp27b1 and Vdr as candidate genes responsible for differential EAE responses to VitD modulation," the study noted. (ajmc.com)
On day 12 after immunization, the mice with EAU were sacrificed, and the lymph node and spleen tissues were isolated to collect T cells by a nylon wool column. (mingsheng88.org)
RNA expression analysis revealed an upregulation of immune-modulatory genes and adhesion molecules (AMs), ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, in Ol when isolated from mice undergoing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). (uni-regensburg.de)
The mice also displayed enhanced T-cell activation and a Th1 bias in the periphery. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
We observed a significant increase in IFN-γ-producing CD8 + T cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of immunocompetent mice that repeatedly aspirated A. fumigatus conidia in contrast to mice challenged with A. versicolor , a species that is not typically associated with invasive, disseminated disease. (cdc.gov)
Airway IFN-γ + CD8 + T-cells were decreased and lung germination was eliminated in mice that aspirated A. fumigatus conidia that were formaldehyde-fixed or heat-inactivated. (cdc.gov)

In cytotoxic T cells it promotes IFNg, granzyme B expression and in cooperation with another transcription factor EOMES their maturationThe role of T-bet in B cells seems to be to direct the cell towards type 1 immune response expression profile, which involves secretion of antibodies IGg1 and IGg3 and is usually elevated during viral infections. (wikipedia.org)

T-bet expression correlates with IFNgamma expression in Th1 and NK cells. (nih.gov)

Interestingly, ID-associated genes exhibit promoter-localized MER41 LTRs that harbor TF binding sites (TFBSs) for not only STAT1 but also other immune TFs such as, in particular, NFKB1 (Nuclear Factor Kappa B Subunit 1) and STAT3 (Signal Transducer And Activator Of Transcription 3). (biorxiv.org)

Transcriptional Control of Regulatory T Cells in Cancer: Toward Therapeutic Targeting? (mdpi.com)

CD4 + T cells are key in mediating the host protective and homeostatic responses. (frontiersin.org)
Adaptive immune repertoires are composed by the ensemble of B and T-cell receptors within an individual, reflecting both past and current immune responses. (nature.com)
Association between clinical responses of OIT and peanut-reactive CD4 + T cells. (jci.org)
Therefore, murine airway CD8 + T cell-responses to aspiration of Aspergillus conidia may be mediated in part by the ability of conidia to germinate in the host lung tissue. (cdc.gov)

These populations of B cells differ from standard ones by their lack of receptors CD21 and CD27, also given that these cells have undergone antibody class switch, they are regarded as memory B cells. (wikipedia.org)
Consistent overexpression of T cells led immunologists to theorize that psoriasis must involve an inductive reaction provoked by T cells with abundant high-affinity IL-2 receptors, he says. (dermatologytimes.com)
they have receptors for the crystallizable fragment (Fc) region of immunoglobulin (Ig) G and for complement, which enable them to bind with immune complexes and present the complex to B cells in germinal centers of secondary lymphoid organs. (msdmanuals.com)

The theoretical basis for marrow failure includes primary defects in or damage to the stem cell or the marrow microenvironment. (medscape.com)
This study aimed to clarify the role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a component of the cancer microenvironment. (cancerindex.org)

As in MS, autoreactive CD4 T cells enter the CNS to initiate inflammation and pathology, culminating in neurologic disability. (ajmc.com)

T-bet also performs function in cytotoxic T cells and B cells. (wikipedia.org)
Blinatumomab is a CD3/CD19 bispecific T-cell engager that directs cytotoxic T-cells to CD19+ cells. (bvsalud.org)

In these studies, CD4 + T cell-depleting and blocking antibodies caused remission from disease in a number of CD and UC patients examined, suggesting a prominent role of CD4 + T cells in propagating disease ( 1 , 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
In addition, the panning method is also known wherein only the objective cells are absorbed on the bottom surface of a dish over which is covered with antibodies specifically binding to the cell surface molecules. (justia.com)
In this case, it is theoretically possible to fluorescently label the gene-expressing cells by introduction of fluorescence-labeled antibodies that are specific to the molecules localized in the cells into the cells, through microinjection and to separate the objective gene-expressing cells with the cell sorter described above based on the difference in fluorescence intensity of the cells with irradiation of laser beam or the like. (justia.com)
The number of the cells to which the labeled antibodies can be introduced for one experiment is at most ten or less. (justia.com)
This is because, during the process where polypeptide chains generated based on the genetic information are folded and secreted, their structure changes gradually and from time to time to prevent any known antibodies from binding to the polypeptide chains within or on the surfaces of live cells efficiently. (justia.com)

Suppression of Th1-conv and Th2A-like cell populations was associated with positive outcomes of OIT. (jci.org)
The variants in SP110, PTPN22, TNF-α, IL-6, IL12Rβ1, IL-10, IFN-γ, TNF-αR1 and IL-12α genes showed minor allele frequencies lower than 0.1, which demonstrates that they are not polymorphic in these populations. (ufrgs.br)

In naïve Th cells the gene is not constitutively expressed, but can be induced via 2 independent signalling pathways, IFNg-STAT1 and IL-12-STAT4 pathways. (wikipedia.org)
Studies have associated a normal variation in the STAT4 gene with an increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis. (medlineplus.gov)
The variant associated with increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis changes a single DNA building block (nucleotide) in the STAT4 gene. (medlineplus.gov)
Studies have associated a normal variation in the STAT4 gene with an increased risk of an autoimmune disorder called system lupus erythematosus. (medlineplus.gov)
The variant associated with increased risk of system lupus erythematosus changes a single nucleotide in the STAT4 gene. (medlineplus.gov)

The expression of T-bet controlled genes is facilitated by 2 distinct mechanisms: chromatin remodelation via enzyme recruitment and direct binding to enhancer sequences promoting transcription or 3D gene structure supporting transcription. (wikipedia.org)
Here, we recovered transcriptome and immune repertoire information for polyclonal T follicular helper cells following lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection, CD8+ T cells with binding specificity restricted to two distinct LCMV peptides, and B and T cells isolated from the nervous system in the context of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. (nature.com)
Multiple sclerosis and T1D have distinct target organs, genetic risk factors, onset ages, and female to male ratios, but target organ-specific T cells as initiators unite these diseases. (frontiersin.org)
Module analysis disclosed 17 genes associated to asthma at distinct level. (researchsquare.com)

I observed that knock down of ERα is affecting Th1 by elevating T-bet, Th2 by increasing GATA3 and Treg by reducing Foxp3 levels. (slu.se)

A deep understanding of molecular mechanisms relevant to gene-environment interactions is needed to deliver etiology-based autoimmune disease prevention and treatment strategies. (frontiersin.org)
Finally, unanswered questions relating to vitamin D mechanisms in CD4 + T cells are highlighted to promote further research that may lead to a deeper understanding of autoimmune disease molecular etiology. (frontiersin.org)
In addition, it is not easy to introduce the solution of a polymer with the molecular weight greater than 120,000 like an antibody with high concentration into the cell because of its high viscosity. (justia.com)

DISCUSSION The blood-retinal barrier is made of retinal endothelial cells and retinal pigment Retinyl acetate epithelial cells. (mingsheng88.org)
This development occurs under the influence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), which is secreted by various cell types (eg, endothelial cells, fibroblasts). (msdmanuals.com)

This gene is the human ortholog of mouse Tbx21/Tbet gene. (wikipedia.org)

Interleukin-21 (IL-21) is produced by activated T cells and it plays many diverse roles by regulating the functions of normal and abnormal cells. (intechopen.com)
Interleukin-21 (IL-21) was first identified in 2000 through screening of a cDNA library from CD3+ human T cells [ 1 ]. (intechopen.com)

This presentation will discuss the modulation of immune related genes following PFOA exposure, helping to explain the reciprocal relationship between the mechanisms governing immune suppression and augmentation of IgE-mediated hypersensitivity and demonstrating the kinetics of absorption and penetration of PFOA through human and mouse skin. (cdc.gov)

Thus, understanding how Treg cell identity is controlled, is of utmost importance for the development of novel anti-cancer therapies. (mdpi.com)

T helper (Th) cells are key regulators of the adaptive immune system. (slu.se)

BATF3 accomplishes this by heterodimerizing with Jun and binding to AP-1 consensus binding sites, thus precluding a Jun/Fos interaction with gene activation. (rndsystems.com)
TIM-3 acts as a negative regulator of Th1/Tc1 function by triggering cell death upon interaction with its ligand, galectin-9. (beckman.com)
To explore whether AMs are involved in the interaction of Ol with infiltrating T cells, we performed co-culture studies on mature Ol and Th1 cells. (uni-regensburg.de)
Live cell imaging analysis showed direct interaction between both cell types. (uni-regensburg.de)
These results suggest that AMs may play a role in the interaction between Ol and Th1 cells. (uni-regensburg.de)
Further characterization and understanding of Ol interaction with infiltrating cells may lead to new therapeutic strategies enhancing Ol protection and remyelination potential. (uni-regensburg.de)

A systems biology approach uncovers cell-specific gene regulatory effects of genetic associations in multiple sclerosis. (benthamscience.com)

Extracellular antigens (eg, from many bacteria) that are phagocytosed or endocytosed can be processed into peptides and complexed with surface class II MHC molecules on professional APCs, which specialize in presenting antigens to CD4 helper T (Th) cells. (msdmanuals.com)

as a novel combined immune gene therapy for Multiple Sclerosis disease. (benthamscience.com)
A recent study found that the association between vitamin D (Vit D) status and multiple sclerosis (MS) susceptibility is genotype dependent and suggested that the outcome of Vit D status in MS is determined by gene-by-sex interactions. (ajmc.com)

The histocompatibility differences between the donor and the recipient, the presence of donor's immunocompetent cells, and the inability of the recipient to reject these cells were defined as the basic pathogenic prerequisites for GVHD development by Billingham in 1966 [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
This set up the first T-cell-centered pathogenic model of psoriasis," Dr. Krueger says. (dermatologytimes.com)

and TH2 (T Helper 2) which has humoral immune functions, e.g., activation of B cells to produce antibody molecules to neutralize foreign matters and (See FIG. 94). (justia.com)

Anatomy10

Organisms4

Diseases7

Chemicals and Drugs21

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment5

Phenomena and Processes4

Humanities6

Cytokines20

Th1718

Subsets9

Cytokine15

Immunity7

Phenotype9

Effector7

Target genes2

Interferon5

Tregs6

Dendritic12

Macrophages5

Differentiation10

Vitro3

Squamous Cell Carc3

Pathogenesis3

Receptor15

Systemic4

Autoimmunity2

Regulation5

Naive4

Flow Cytometry3

Protein10

Neuroinflammation1

Infiltration10

Subset5

Intracellular3

Inflammatory12

Antigen-prese3

Lymphocytes5

Mice9

Transcription factor1

Correlates1

Signal transducer and activator of transcription1

Transcriptional1

Responses4

Receptors3

Microenvironment2

Inflammation1

Cytotoxic2

Antibodies5

Populations2

STAT45

Distinct4

FOXP31

Molecular3

Endothelial cells2

Tbx211

Interleukin2

Suppression1

Treg1

Regulators1

Interaction6

Regulatory1

Antigens1

Multiple sclerosis2

Pathogenic2

Activation1