Activity in olfactory receptor neuron (ORN) classes provides information about odor identity but not the location of its source. (bvsalud.org)
Olfactory receptor neurons inputs are conveyed downstream from the OB generally by two populations of projection neurons-mitral cells (MCs) and tufted cells (TCs). (research-in-field.com)
They develop multiciliated cells (MCCs) and olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) in the olfactory pit early in embryogenesis, establishing the zebrafish olfactory epithelium as an easily accessible ciliated organ for high-throughput studies of ciliary characteristics. (ntnu.no)
To better understand the molecular changes associated with AD, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified hundreds of candidate genes linked to the disease, like the receptor tyrosine kinase EphA1. (sdbonline.org)
Each ORN expresses one (or sometimes) two odorant receptor genes, and all of the ORNs that exhibit the same gene task towards the same glomerulus [6] (Body 2). (healthanddietblog.info)
Epithelium3
The Y gene, which controls uptake of carotenoids from Aurora B inhibitor the midgut epithelium and larvae of mutants with the Y phenotype can't absorb dietary carotenoids. (hsp70inhibitor.com)
Sensory inputs through the nasal epithelium towards the olfactory bulb (OB) are arranged being a discrete map in the glomerular layer (GL). (research-in-field.com)
In the first part of my work, I characterized cilia morphology and physiology by investigating ciliary beating in the olfactory epithelium of zebrafish larvae and discussing potential regulatory mechanisms. (ntnu.no)
Light bulb1
The antennal lobe may be the insect analog from the IMP4 antibody vertebrate olfactory light bulb. (healthanddietblog.info)
Drosophila4
Mono-association of germ-free Drosophila larvae with Acetobacter pomorum stimulated larval development, which was accelerated when host immune deficiency (IMD) pathway genes were mutated. (bvsalud.org)
Moreover, the mutation of Toll pathway, which constitutes the other branch of the Drosophila immune pathway, did not accelerate A. pomorum-stimulated larval development. (bvsalud.org)
In this study, we investigate the sensorimotor transformation that relates ORN activation to locomotion changes in Drosophila by optogenetically activating different combinations of ORN classes and measuring the resulting changes in locomotion. (bvsalud.org)
Associative conditioning remaps odor representations and modifies inhibition in a higher olfactory brain area. (janelia.org)
Included in these are various kinds of periglomerular neurons (PGNs) which perform intra-glomerular feed-forward and responses inhibition onto ORNs and MCs (Wachowiak and Shipley 2006 Gire and Schoppa 2009 Shao et al. (research-in-field.com)
Responses1
Potentially, this mutant will ultimately allow us to understand the function of motile cilia in the olfactory pit and identify whether they are important for olfactory responses. (ntnu.no)
Mutation1
The insertion in exon 2 of CBP gene causes the mutation from yellow cocoon to white cocoon. (hsp70inhibitor.com)
Odor2
We trained adult zebrafish in an appetitive odor discrimination task and analyzed odor representations in a specific compartment of the posterior zone of the dorsal telencephalon (Dp), the homolog of mammalian olfactory cortex. (janelia.org)
1 . Cavarretta F, Burton SD, Igarashi KM, Shepherd GM, Hines ML, Migliore M (2018) Parallel odor processing by mitral and middle tufted cells in the olfactory bulb. (yale.edu)
Downstream1
Foretinib solubility Downstream signaling activities were also analyzed following activation of the receptors with putative OR ligands in lepidopteran cells that were either transfected with one or more of the cloned ORs or also co transfected with the promiscuous individual G 16 protein, which mediates downstream signaling by activating the phospholipase C pathway. (hsp70inhibitor.com)
Functional2
We have analyzed the functional roles of these pathways by using a morphologically and physiologically realistic three-dimensional model to explore the MC and mTC microcircuits in the glomerular layer and deeper plexiform layers. (yale.edu)
Eventually, the purpose of each one of these scholarly studies is to elucidate the functional consequences of the synaptic properties for olfactory processing. (healthanddietblog.info)
Activation2
Glomerular interneurons had been also extremely correlated with the ORN inputs but demonstrated higher activation thresholds recommending these neurons are powered by strongly turned on glomeruli. (research-in-field.com)
Neither an optogenetic activation of ORNs modified ciliary beating. (ntnu.no)
Mechanisms2
The mechanism of action of the IMD pathway-dependent effects of A. pomorum did not appear to involve previously known host mechanisms and bacterial metabolites such as gut peptidase expression, acetic acid, and thiamine, but appeared to involve larval serum proteins. (bvsalud.org)
This presents a starting point for studies into the underlying mechanisms of AD including interactions with other AD-associated genes, like Rho1, Ankyrin, Tau and APP with the potential to identify new targets for treatment. (sdbonline.org)
Properties2
I characterized 5 mutant lines, with emphasis on the distribution of cilia in the olfactory pit and their beating properties, to provide new tools for future ciliary research. (ntnu.no)
By the characterization of mutant lines and adequate methods to detect ciliary beating and other ciliary properties, we hope this work will lead forth to an establishment of zebrafish genetic mutants as a toolkit for identification of molecules and pathways curing ciliopathies. (ntnu.no)
Distribution1
Mombaerts 2006 The complete distribution of glomeruli on the top of the map is formed with the OB of ORN inputs. (research-in-field.com)
Position1
The target-affiliated pathways were defined based on the following two criteria (a) the pathways of the studied target should be life-essential for both healthy individuals and patients, and (b) the studied target should occupy an upstream position in the pathways and therefore had the ability to regulate biological function. (idrblab.net)
Neurons10
These proteins are highly expressed in rat olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) and are localized to distinct intracellular regions. (mcw.edu)
Olfactory marker protein (OMP), which is expressed abundantly in mature olfactory receptor neurons, operates as a cAMP-binding protein. (bvsalud.org)
2017) that Drosophila olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) expressing the co-receptor Orco scale their gain inversely with mean odor intensity according to Weber-Fechner's law. (nih.gov)
Although it has been speculated that viral infection of olfactory neurons may be the culprit, it is unclear whether viral infection causes injuries in the olfactory bulb region. (mhcluster.org)
Such supersustained responses may prevent olfactory neurons from reporting contemporaneous information about the local odor environment. (jneurosci.org)
How are odorants detected and identified by olfactory receptors, neurons, and circuits? (jneurosci.org)
Signal transduction2
Hippocalcin was predominantly localized to the olfactory cilia, the site of the initial events of olfactory signal transduction, and was found to regulate the activity of ciliary adenylate cyclases (ACs) and particulate guanylyl cyclases (GCs) in a Ca2+-dependent manner. (mcw.edu)
Neuronal signal transduction by the JNK MAP kinase pathway is altered by a broad array of stimuli including exposure to the widely abused drug ethanol, but the behavioral relevance and the regulation of JNK signaling is unclear. (janelia.org)
Axon2
Findings In this cohort study of 23 deceased patients with COVID-19 and 14 matched controls, more severe axon pathology, axon losses, and microvascular pathology were noted in olfactory tissue from patients with COVID-19 than that from the control individuals. (mhcluster.org)
Conclusions and Relevance This study found that COVID-19 infection is associated with axon injuries and microvasculopathy in olfactory tissue. (mhcluster.org)
Bulb3
Olfactory bulb and tract tissue was collected from deceased patients with COVID-19 and appropriate controls. (mhcluster.org)
1 . Cavarretta F, Burton SD, Igarashi KM, Shepherd GM, Hines ML, Migliore M (2018) Parallel odor processing by mitral and middle tufted cells in the olfactory bulb. (yale.edu)
2 . Cavarretta F, Marasco A, Hines ML, Shepherd GM, Migliore M (2016) Glomerular and Mitral-Granule Cell Microcircuits Coordinate Temporal and Spatial Information Processing in the Olfactory Bulb. (yale.edu)
Marker protein1
We examined the localization of olfactory marker protein (OMP), protein gene product9.5 (PGP9.5), and glycan diversity in the vomeronasal organ (VNO) of the Korean black goat (Capra hircus coreanae) during the prenatal and postnatal periods using immunohistochemistry and lectin histochemistry. (bvsalud.org)
CAPN54
OMP is a nested gene located in the intron of calpain 5 (CAPN5), a Ca2+-dependent cysteine protease. (bvsalud.org)
Therefore, these data indicate that ORNs express OMP but not CAPN5 from CAPN5 gene expression even though they are localized in the same genomic locus. (biomedcentral.com)
Thus, we investigated whether ORNs and other neural cells express CAPN5 together with OMP. (biomedcentral.com)
The OMP gene consists of a single exon and is incorporated between exons 2 and 3 of the CAPN5 gene in the same orientation and on the same strand of chromosome 7 in the mouse (Fig. 1 b). (biomedcentral.com)
Data indicate1
These data indicate that hippocalcin is expressed in rat ORNs, and is likely to regulate second messenger cascades in a Ca2+-dependent manner. (mcw.edu)
Intron1
the forward primer annealed to the junction of exons 1/2, while the reverse primer annealed in exon 4 to sandwich the skipped intron region containing the OMP gene (Fig. 1 c). (biomedcentral.com)
Humans1
Olfactory/brain hippocalcin shows high sequence homology with hippocalcins expressed in mice and humans. (mcw.edu)
Region1
Question What are the neuropathologic changes of COVID-19 in the olfactory region? (mhcluster.org)
Expression2
Reduced expression of key JNK pathway genes substantially rescued the structural and behavioral phenotypes of tao mutants. (janelia.org)
Gene expression is highly regulated to functionally diversify cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Regions1
Genes that cooperate in the same physiological processes occasionally reside within nearby regions in a chromosome. (biomedcentral.com)
Activity1
Decreasing and increasing JNK pathway activity resulted in increased and decreased sensitivity to the locomotor stimulant properties of acute ethanol exposure, respectively. (janelia.org)