Genes fundamental animal population groups. Medical search. Frequent questions

An estimated 7 million distinct animal species currently exist. (wikipedia.org)
The 14 chapters are grouped into 3 broad sections: general concepts in microbial evolution, environment and the evolution of microbial pathogens, and the evolution of selected pathogenic species and mechanisms. (cdc.gov)
The authors provide rich detail of molecular variation within and between populations of these species and describe how patterns of population genetic variation have contributed to our understanding of the evolution of virulence and virulence factors in these pathogens. (cdc.gov)
The research in my lab focuses on the consequences of sociality on the evolution of individual, population, and species characteristics. (uvm.edu)
The only component of the ant life cycle in which solitary life is possible is when young queens leave their parent nests to found their own new colonies, yet even at this stage queens of many species choose to join forces with other queens to form group nests rather than live solitarily. (uvm.edu)
By living together, ants interact with their environment as a group, which can dramatically change their ability to tolerate environmental extremes, their interactions with members of their own and other species, and their patterns of dispersal and reproductive behaviors. (uvm.edu)
Bees have complex social behaviors, and with this species of bee, we can directly compare individuals that live in social groups to those that don't live in social groups," said Sarah Kocher, an assistant professor of ecology and evolutionary biology and the Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics at Princeton University, who led the research. (neurosciencenews.com)
It suggests the existence of a core set of genes that play an important role in shaping social behavior across different species," she said. (neurosciencenews.com)
By studying genetic drift and its impacts on animal biology, researchers gain valuable insights into evolutionary processes, adaptation, and ultimately how species persist over generations. (sigmachihq.org)
Consequently, endangered species or captive breeding programs often face challenges related to preserving genetic diversity due to their restricted gene pools. (sigmachihq.org)
By understanding its mechanisms and consequences, researchers can gain insights into the dynamics of species adaptation and make informed decisions in animal breeding programs. (sigmachihq.org)
In biology, a population is all the organisms of the same group or species, which live in a particular geographical area, and have the capability of interbreeding. (cryptolisting.org)
A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. (cryptolisting.org)
He used basic and applied research to create new knowledge that lead to better management and conservation of small populations, especially endangered species. (si.edu)
His laboratory also produced black-footed ferret kits using sperm that had been cryo-banked for 20 years ' a milestone that increases gene diversity in the recovering population of this critically endangered species. (si.edu)
He also manages the wildlife animal collection at SCBI's 3,200 acre facility near Front Royal, VA. Basic and applied research is devoted to creating new knowledge that leads to better management and conservation of small populations, especially of endangered species. (si.edu)
At the time of Miles's project, ecological theory predicted that populations of animal species living in the city would likely have lower genetic diversity than those living in rural areas, because urban environments contain roads, buildings, and other physical barriers that can fragment species' habitats and block dispersal, reducing the circulation of new genetic variants. (the-scientist.com)
Biologists now know that cities not only influence factors driving nonadaptive change, via such evolutionary processes as genetic drift and gene flow, but present a suite of special selection pressures for species living there, promoting adaptation too. (the-scientist.com)
The population effects of different levels of river connectivity can be efficiently monitored by RAD sequencing for genetic differentiation, while community consequences of such river connectivity can be evaluated using eDNA carrying signals of occurring species e.g. up- and downstream migration barriers. (lu.se)

Finally, it makes recommendations on how the fruits of this research can be used to improve the health of populations, especially in the developing world. (who.int)
There are 3 fundamental reasons why precision medicine might not improve the health of populations. (cdc.gov)
This shift in funding may lead to an emerging generation of health scientists who see the world through an individualist lens and may not engage in factors that can improve the health of populations. (cdc.gov)

amino acid (biochemistry) A class of organic compounds containing an amine group and a carboxylic acid group which function as the fundamental building blocks of proteins and play important roles in many other biochemical processes. (wikipedia.org)
Molecular genetics focuses on the structure and function of the genetic units, ie, the chemical composition of genes and their expression in determining the structure of proteins, the most important functional components of cells. (thecanadianencyclopedia.ca)
Specifically, ageing affects a group of proteins responsible for eliminating toxic substances from the body. (embl.org)

This glossary of biology terms is a list of definitions of fundamental terms and concepts used in biology, the study of life and of living organisms. (wikipedia.org)
adaptation (evolutionary biology, population biology) Term can apply to an individual organism's adaptation to its environment, the adaptation of organisms to an environment through evolutionary processes, or the population dynamics intrisic to the evolutionary process. (wikipedia.org)
animal Any member of a clade of multicellular eukaryotic organisms belonging to the biological kingdom Animalia. (wikipedia.org)
artificial selection The process by which humans use animal breeding and plant breeding to selectively control the development of particular phenotypic traits in organisms by choosing which individual organisms will reproduce and create offspring. (wikipedia.org)
These processes are fundamental to the evolution of all groups of organisms, and the analysis of the unparalleled datasets in microbial pathogens can teach us much about the evolution of other groups of organisms. (cdc.gov)
The evolution of social groups is a fundamental transition that has occurred in a diverse array of organisms, from bacteria to primates. (uvm.edu)
Students who major in Biology at Gustavus Adolphus College investigate all the major fields of the life sciences-from how molecules and genes work to how organisms respond, to how nutrients flow through an ecosystem. (gustavus.edu)
Population genetics analyses the pattern of distribution of genes in populations of organisms, and changes in the genetic structure of populations. (thecanadianencyclopedia.ca)
At a meeting of farmers' groups, organised by Pelum Uganda, held at Colline Hotel in Mukono last week, it was noted that genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are not the solution to the food challenges in Uganda or in Africa, instead, they pose more problems. (gmwatch.org)
For this, individual genes are switched off systematically and their effects on the on the developing organs or whole organisms are examined. (mpg.de)
In biological classification, taxonomic rank is the relative level of a group of organisms (a taxon) in a taxonomic hierarchy. (cryptolisting.org)

Effects on Small Populations: Genetic drift has a more pronounced impact on smaller populations compared to larger ones since chance events have relatively greater consequences in altering allele frequencies. (sigmachihq.org)
Small populations are more susceptible to genetic drift. (sigmachihq.org)
Wildt described the impact of small populations and inbreeding on sperm form and function, including on free-living cheetahs and lions. (si.edu)

We study in our group, we do a lot of work on birds which are Z and W. So, in that case, the male has two Z chromosomes and the female has one Z and one W. So, the W is quite somewhere to the Y that you see in humans. (thenakedscientists.com)
Commingling events in humans include large group events, air travel, incarceration, and classroom settings. (tamu.edu)
Microbiome research is a rapidly developing area of science and innovation, seeking to explore and exploit the complex communities of microbes associated with humans, animals, plants and other environments such as soils and oceans. (microbiologysociety.org)
Uniquely in the animal kingdom, the two sexes of humans have evolved to become psychologically equal, despite experiencing quite different evolutionary pressures even in the same environment. (theoccidentalobserver.net)
Humans are highly social beings and tend to live in large complex social groups. (cryptolisting.org)
More than any other creature, humans are capable of using systems of communication for self-expression, the exchange of ideas, and organization, and as such have created complex social structures composed of many cooperating and competing groups. (cryptolisting.org)
In sociology, population refers to a collection of humans. (cryptolisting.org)
Miles suspects that the differences between the genetic diversity levels of urban and rural populations were driven by genetic drift-the random accumulation or loss of genetic variants in a population-and the greater circulation of such variants by humans in cities than in the desert. (the-scientist.com)
Humans, animals and plants are closely related to complex microbial communities, the so-called microbiome. (uni-ulm.de)
Last but not least, the use of antibiotics in agriculture is an important factor in the worldwide spread of antibiotic resistance and leads to an increasing number of infections in plants, livestock, wild animals and humans by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. (uni-ulm.de)
These or the occurrence of multinucleated dance between humans and experi- agents were examined with regard to cel s by light microscopy, and through mental animals. (who.int)

I use the tools of ecology, ethology, and genetics to understand how social life affects the evolution and dynamics of ant populations, primarily in the southwestern and southern US. (uvm.edu)
Understanding genetic drift is essential for comprehending the mechanisms underlying animal breeding and genetics. (sigmachihq.org)
This article aims to delve deeper into the concept of genetic drift within animal biology while highlighting its relevance in animal breeding and genetics research. (sigmachihq.org)
Understanding the implications of genetic drift is crucial for animal breeding and genetics research. (sigmachihq.org)
It can greatly influence the genetic makeup of animal populations and has important implications for animal breeding and genetics. (sigmachihq.org)
We are interested in the population genetics and evolutionary genomics of adaptation , mainly by using the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster as an experimentally tractable model. (unifr.ch)
To address these longstanding problems we combine population genetics and population genomics, functional genetics, transcriptomics, physiology, and experimental evolution and apply them to natural and laboratory populations of D. melanogaster that are phenotypically differentiated for fitness-related traits. (unifr.ch)
www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/genetics. (thecanadianencyclopedia.ca)
Genetics may be conveniently divided into 3 areas of study: transmission genetics, molecular genetics and population genetics. (thecanadianencyclopedia.ca)
Transmission genetics is concerned with identifying the genes that affect a particular characteristic, and also the patterns by which these genes are transmitted from generation to generation, or from cell to cell. (thecanadianencyclopedia.ca)
Single cell analysis is a promising alternative for such analyses,' explains Malte Spielmann, group leader at the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics in Berlin. (mpg.de)

We use Nicotiana attenuata plants silenced in mitogen-activated protein kinase 4 (irMPK4) - with low water-use efficiency (WUE) - to study the scale at which water-use traits alter intraspecific population yields. (elifesciences.org)
MicroRNAs are non-coding RNAs that control key traits in animals and plants. (edu.au)
Genetic drift has been shown to influence patterns of inheritance, leading to potential loss or fixation of certain traits within a population. (sigmachihq.org)
We have a major interest in identifying the genes and molecular polymorphisms that underpin variation in fitness components (so-called life-history traits), such as body size, reproduction and lifespan, and in determining how they contribute to adaptation. (unifr.ch)
They have two populations to study that can interbreed and are polar opposites for physical traits. (scienceblog.com)
Under these conditions, we don't typically expect to find such a difference in traits between surface and cave populations. (scienceblog.com)

So, you've got some systems like fish where within populations, you've got multiple mechanisms of sex determination and it changes very, very quickly. (thenakedscientists.com)
Are there any inklings of maybe how these kind of mechanisms of the sex chromosomes have arisen at least in some of the animals or some of the creatures you studied? (thenakedscientists.com)
In the years leading up to identification of the causal gene, considerable effort was expended in developing a clear understanding of the potential mechanisms. (hindawi.com)
Students look at the evolutionary ecology of mechanisms used by immune systems to recognize and kill parasites, finding similarities across animal taxa. (princeton.edu)
Similarly, the mechanisms that maintain the large amounts of genetic variation in fitness components in natural populations remain incompletely understood. (unifr.ch)
So Cartwright's group decided to use computational power to investigate how multiple evolutionary mechanisms interact to shape the fish that live in caves. (scienceblog.com)
The overall aim is to find fundamental molecular mechanisms that have a causative role in the ageing process," explains Ori. (embl.org)
We evaluate probability of hybridisation between different populations and also hybrid viability, detecting early signs and mechanisms of speciation processes. (lu.se)

Current projects include: 1) quantifying gene flow across the behavioral transition zone, 2) measuring the types and strength of natural selection acting on queen behavior, both between regions and within the transition zone, and 3) the effects of social behavior on queen body size, morphology, and physiology. (uvm.edu)

The first is the desert harvester ant Messor pergandei, in which the behavior of queens switches abruptly from solitary colony founding to group colony founding across its range in southern California. (uvm.edu)
In all, the study found nearly 200 gene variations that were linked to social behavior, with 21 clustered in or nearby six genes implicated in human autism. (neurosciencenews.com)
Sweat bees are ideal for studying the genes underlying social behavior, Kocher said, because some are naturally social while others are solitary, even though both types belong to the Halictidae family. (neurosciencenews.com)
Next, the researchers looked through the genetic data to detect correlations between patterns of gene activity and social behavior. (neurosciencenews.com)
Researchers compared the genes of social versus nonsocial bees to find correlations between genes and behavior. (neurosciencenews.com)
The findings suggest that variations in several genes play a role in causing or contributing to the social behavior of these bees. (neurosciencenews.com)
Social behavior is complex and is determined by multiple genes rather than a single gene. (neurosciencenews.com)
Understanding how the brain transforms sensory input into complex behavior is a fundamental question in systems neuroscience. (harvard.edu)
The behavior and mental processes, both human and non-human, can be described through animal cognition, ethology, evolutionary psychology, and comparative psychology as well. (cryptolisting.org)
Third, an assumed potential benefit of precision medicine (predicated on accurate and meaningful risk prediction) is that disease in the population can be avoided or forestalled by large numbers of individuals who, when provided with accurate risk prediction, will change their behavior to mitigate their personal risk. (cdc.gov)
Although this may seem intuitively plausible, current data suggest that individuals do not change their behavior much even when they become aware of being in a high-risk group. (cdc.gov)

In a similar vein, we have studied the role of immunity genes in affecting lifespan. (unifr.ch)

Genetic drift is a fundamental concept in animal biology that refers to the random fluctuations in allele frequencies within a population over time. (sigmachihq.org)
Potential for Rapid Change: Unlike natural selection, which typically acts slowly over long periods, genetic drift can cause rapid shifts in allele frequencies within populations. (sigmachihq.org)
Discontinuous variation often can be explained genetically by different forms of a gene called alleles: in an example from peas, Y is the allele for the yellow phenotype, and y for green. (thecanadianencyclopedia.ca)

Antimicrobial resistance poses a fundamental threat to human health, development and security," says WHO chief Dr. Margaret Chan. (nbcnews.com)
Antimicrobial resistance poses a fundamental threat to human health, development and security," Dr. Margaret Chan, director-general of the U.N.' s World Health Organization, said Wednesday. (nbcnews.com)
The 5D Health Protection Group Ltd commits to developing new antimicrobial and antibiofilm agents by 2022. (cdc.gov)
Genes for antibiotic resistance and production of natural antimicrobial peptides, so-called bacteriocins, are used here as parameters for the function of a microbiome. (uni-ulm.de)

Our comparative analyses show that, among different tissues, the neural crest exhibits a particularly high rate of gene emergence during vertebrate evolution. (biomedcentral.com)

Mediators of gene silencing pathways, microRNA (miRNA) populations have now been extensively characterised and implicated in numerous fundamental processes. (edu.au)
In the first section, the 5 chapters introduce the basic processes affecting microbial evolution, from the individual molecular level to the genomic, cellular, and population levels. (cdc.gov)
Second, although base substitutions, insertions and deletions, homologous recombination, and lateral gene transfer are discussed throughout the book, a generalized quantitative review of the relative contributions of these processes during the evolution of certain groups of microbial pathogens (e.g. (cdc.gov)
It lacks the necessary throughput and resolution to provide a global overview of the dynamic molecular processes that take place in the different and rapidly growing populations and subpopulations of cells during organogenesis. (mpg.de)
The higher-order processes include forager group formation and dynamics, spatio-temporal distributions of individuals in populations, impact of social foraging on individuals, populations and communities, as well as effects of piscivore and prey behaviours on trophic cascades, oftenmost all linked to management incentives. (lu.se)

The World Bank Group predicted this week that the economic damage wrought by antibiotic resistant infections will wipe between 1 percent and 3.8 percent off global domestic product by 2050. (nbcnews.com)

Sources of information include cues received during development, cues passed on by the parents (epigenetic cues) and cues from genes. (exeter.ac.uk)
Environmental cues found throughout neural crest migratory routes play a fundamental role not only in instructing the precursor's differentiation into particular phenotypes, but also in controlling their proliferation and survival [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

To determine the origin of neural crest genes, we analyzed Phenotype Ontology annotations to select genes that control the development of this tissue. (biomedcentral.com)

This new finding, reported by an Evolutionary Ecology research group from Eawag, the ETH and Zurich University, could help to answer a central question of evolutionary biology - and could also be of interest for biological pest control. (eawag.ch)
Genetic drift, a fundamental concept in animal biology, plays a crucial role in shaping the genetic composition of populations. (sigmachihq.org)
He also managed the wildlife animal collection at the Smithsonian Conservation and Biology Institute's 3,200 acre facility near Front Royal, Virginia. (si.edu)

The evolving concept of the gene, of genetic interactions and gene networks, as well as chromosome mechanics will be the focus of the course. (princeton.edu)
Mendel formulated the concept of the gene to define the fundamental units of heredity that determine such properties. (thecanadianencyclopedia.ca)

We find that variation in a single-gene, MPK4 , is responsible for population overyielding through a mechanism, independent of irMPK4's WUE phenotype, at the aboveground, population scale. (elifesciences.org)
The survivors will go on to reproduce and pass down their genes, but due to the limited number of breeding pairs left, there is now a smaller pool of genetic variation within the population. (sigmachihq.org)
Impact on Genetic Variation: Genetic drift reduces the overall genetic variation within a population over generations. (sigmachihq.org)
Individual genes can be identified through phenotypic inheritance patterns, but only if some variation is present in the phenotype. (thecanadianencyclopedia.ca)
the greater the number of genes involved, the greater the possible range of variation. (thecanadianencyclopedia.ca)

It refers to the random changes that occur in gene frequencies over time as a result of chance events rather than natural selection. (sigmachihq.org)
With fewer individuals, chance events like deaths or births can have a significant impact on gene frequencies. (sigmachihq.org)
Thousands of genes influence the brain in one way or another and these genes exist at different frequencies and in different forms in different populations. (theoccidentalobserver.net)

Importantly, multiple genomic innovations including gene losses, independent contraction and expansion of specific gene families and their associated regulatory networks likely moulded the evolution of the nautilus pinhole eye. (nature.com)
We propose that the evolution of the neural crest is linked not only to the recruitment of ancestral regulatory genes but also to the emergence of signaling peptides that control the increasingly complex lineage diversification of this plastic cell population. (biomedcentral.com)

Summary: Bees are helping researchers to uncover genes responsible for social behaviors, including social deficits associated with ASD. (neurosciencenews.com)
Researchers have identified 200 new gene variations linked to social behaviors, with 21 clustered in or nearby 6 genes implicated in autism. (neurosciencenews.com)
Those pesky bees that come buzzing around on a muggy summer day are helping researchers reveal the genes responsible for social behaviors. (neurosciencenews.com)
Scientists have long been fascinated by how anatomical structures in the brain can generate the diversity of behaviors apparent in the animal kingdom. (harvard.edu)

This book is one of the first to provide an up-to-date view on a fundamental issue in medical microbiology research: how the accumulated genetic and genomic information is contributing to our understanding of virulence factors and the evolution of virulence in microbial pathogens. (cdc.gov)
The primary aim of my research is to explore how animals cope with the unexpected opportunities and dangers they face in their day-to-day lives. (exeter.ac.uk)
Research in my group ranges from the development of explicit theoretical (mathematical and computational) models, through work on captive birds in aviaries (zebra finches, starlings) to work in the field with birds (pied flycatchers, barn swallows, red grouse, European shags, chestnut-crowned babblers) and mammals (badgers, lions, wolves, grey squirrels). (exeter.ac.uk)
I am a member of the Behaviour research group. (exeter.ac.uk)
A lab dish carrying a sample of bacteria carrying the mcr-1 'superbug' gene, found at Walter Reed Army Institute for Research earlier this year. (nbcnews.com)
In new research, he explains that eyes are not lost by disuse, but rather a demonstration of Darwin's fundamental theory of natural selection at work - with blindness selected as favorable and the fittest - for living in a cave. (scienceblog.com)
It's more and more the nature of our society that we have these types of commingling events, through travel, socialization, and the general nature of day-to-day interactions," said Dr. Paul Morley, VERO's director of food animal research and one of the project's co-principal investigators. (tamu.edu)
Lacombe hogs are the first livestock breed developed in Canada, at the Agriculture Canada Research Station in Lacombe, Alberta (courtesy University of British Columbia, Department of Animal Science). (thecanadianencyclopedia.ca)
Accordingly, a wide-ranging consultative process was undertaken, engaging scientists, clinicians, ethicists, public and private funders of genomics research, health policy-makers, nongovernmental organizations and civil society groups concerned with the ethical, legal and social implications of genomics. (who.int)
And, more significantly, the progress achieved recently in human genomics research,1 the creation of genetically-modified foods2 and the gene therapy3 have added to the major bioethical issues the Region is likely to face in the near future. (who.int)
My approach to research often focuses on individual animal, or, most of the time, fish behavioural decisions, performance and success, and generally aims to address higher-order effects of these behavioural attributes. (lu.se)
In response to the call, an initiative was taken by a group of Swedish scientists, including myself, to create an agenda for strategic reformulation research and innovation. (lu.se)

Experimentally altering field arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal associations by silencing the Sym-pathway gene NaCCaMK did not affect reproductive overyielding, implicating an effect independent of belowground AMF interactions. (elifesciences.org)
Ants are obligately social animals, organized into highly structured colonies containing one or more reproductive queens and a large number of female but reproductively sterile workers. (uvm.edu)
Wildt focused on increasing the speed and scale of applying animal expertise and reproductive knowledge to creating sustainable populations through multi-disciplinary/institutional partnerships. (si.edu)

Of special note are 2 chapters that are often missing in traditional medical microbiology books: 1 describes how long-term experimental evolutionary studies in the laboratory can contribute to our understanding of microbial pathogen evolution in the environment and clinics, and the other describes how gene inactivation and gene loss can be creative forces during the evolution of many microorganisms, especially obligate intracellular pathogens. (cdc.gov)
Kocher, who was then a postdoctoral researcher at Harvard University, brought the bees back to the laboratory to analyze their genes. (neurosciencenews.com)

Plant trait diversity is known to influence population yield, but the scale at which this happens remains unknown: divergent individuals might change yields of immediate neighbors (neighbor scale) or of plants across a population (population scale). (elifesciences.org)
Understanding the factors that affect genetic drift is crucial for managing genetic diversity and maintaining healthy populations. (sigmachihq.org)
But Miles's analysis , published last summer, revealed that city black widows had more within-population genetic diversity than their rural counterparts, and there was more genetic similarity between urban populations than between rural ones-pointing to greater gene flow among urban arachnids. (the-scientist.com)
Urban populations of the western black widow spider ( Latrodectus hesperus ) show much higher genetic diversity than their rural counterparts. (the-scientist.com)

With few exceptions, animals consume organic material, breathe oxygen, are able to move, reproduce sexually, and grow from a blastula during embryonic development. (wikipedia.org)
The neural crest is a transient population of embryonic cells that originate at the boundary between neural plate and dorsal ectoderm. (biomedcentral.com)
The most common method for investigating embryonic developmental disorders is to concentrate on a single organ system in the mouse and conduct gene knockout studies. (mpg.de)

Abundant evidence has demonstrated this for the association between the multiplicity of specific genes and conditions, including obesity, hypertension, or certain cancers. (cdc.gov)

Today the molecular structure and function of genes is quite well understood. (thecanadianencyclopedia.ca)

Well-known concepts such as horizontal (lateral) gene transfer, the relationship between virulence and transmission, and pathogenicity islands are discussed extensively. (cdc.gov)

Such a macro-evolutionary framework would showcase the nonrandom patterns of the distribution of human pathogens among major phylogenetic groups of microorganisms. (cdc.gov)
A new study published this week found that the social lives of sweat bees - named for their attraction to perspiration - are linked to patterns of activity in specific genes, including ones linked to autism. (neurosciencenews.com)

These facilities cooperate and share resources to reproduce animals beyond a traditional urban zoo model. (si.edu)

Ongoing projects include the evolutionary origin and geographic distribution of genetic caste determination, how differences in caste fate of genetically different offspring are mediated within the colony, the role of selection in maintaining genetic caste systems, and the current and historical genetic relationships between hybridizing populations. (uvm.edu)
In other words, the genetic differences between individuals are not greater than would typically be expected within a population. (eawag.ch)
We can ask: 'What are the fundamental differences between a social and nonsocial animal? (neurosciencenews.com)
The researchers found that one of these differences involves the gene syntaxin 1a, which governs the release of chemical messengers in the brain. (neurosciencenews.com)
Topics covered include adolescent development (biological, cognitive, and social/emotional), individual and group differences in adolescence, and adolescent motivation and resiliency. (lakelandcollege.ca)
This is because Dawkins, Gould and other liberal atheists believe in the Miracle of Human Equality: namely, that all human groups, despite their superficial physical differences, are equal in average cognitive ability - equal, in fact, on all psychological variables. (theoccidentalobserver.net)
Because the undoubted genetic differences between those two groups have no effect on the brain . (theoccidentalobserver.net)
Neuro-miraculists like Dawkins and Gould accept that these genetic differences result partly from natural selection: these three groups have adapted physically to their quite different physical environments. (theoccidentalobserver.net)
And of course, there may be other reasons for genetic differences between groups, such as genetic drift , founder effects and so on. (theoccidentalobserver.net)

There are a lot of animals that are XY like mammals are, but different sort of independent X and Y chromosomes. (thenakedscientists.com)
Mammals range in size from the 30-40 mm (1.2-1.6 in) bumblebee bat to the 30-meter (98 ft) blue whale-possibly the largest animal to have ever lived. (cryptolisting.org)

To this end, I study how animals collect and provide information to reduce uncertainty about significant events, or how they insure against it, along with evolutionary and ecological consequences of such risk management. (exeter.ac.uk)

In the human genome, which is estimated to contain 25 000 genes, DNA is arranged into 24 distinct chromosomes (courtesy U.S. Department of Energy, Genome Management Information System). (thecanadianencyclopedia.ca)

Miles's results illustrate one of the many ways cities are having profound effects on their animal and plant residents. (the-scientist.com)
This in turn has an impact on plant fitness and the microbiome of pollinating insects and animals in the root zone, which not only absorb the respective microbiome, but also mediate its lateral transfer. (uni-ulm.de)

This Viewpoint discusses whether precision medicine is unlikely or likely to improve population health, aiming to forge a consensus that bridges disparate perspectives on the issue. (cdc.gov)

Males and females often look different, they act different, and that's why we study it in group. (thenakedscientists.com)
Another study conducted last year on honey bees also found a link between bee genes and autism genes. (neurosciencenews.com)
Our main approach has been to use population genomics to identify candidate loci and polymorphisms and then to study and validate these candidates experimentally. (unifr.ch)
This course is the study and implementation of fundamental principles associated with various resistance training methodologies. (lakelandcollege.ca)
A study of the fundamental movement concepts that underlie the physical activities engaged in by youth of secondary school age. (lakelandcollege.ca)
Researchers will study viral transmission using "commingling events" with cattle, bringing unfamiliar animals together for sustained contact. (tamu.edu)
To address this important limitation, our group has applied and optimized a novel technique, MR-Fingerprinting (MRF), to study both ARPKD kidney and liver disease. (pkdcure.org)
However, this approach, which is mostly performed on mice , is limited to the study of individual animals and tissues. (mpg.de)
Combining a unique pond infrastructure (iPonds) with high-resolution acoustic telemetry, we study how e.g. animal personality, pharmaceuticals, predator/prey and food distribution, and habitat composition affect spatiotemporal fish behaviour in the physical and chemical landscape of fear. (lu.se)

In both captive and wild animal populations, this phenomenon can have significant implications for conservation efforts and selective breeding programs. (sigmachihq.org)
small population breeding, management and conservation. (si.edu)

This would maintain gene flow among urban spiders while rural populations become isolated, and thus more genetically dissimilar from one another as they evolve in parallel. (the-scientist.com)

From changes in gene flow to adaptation, the effects of urbanization are shaping the evolutionary trajectories of plants and animals. (the-scientist.com)

Outstanding questions include: Why should individuals differ consistently within populations? (exeter.ac.uk)
The potential of precision medicine to improve the health of individuals or small groups of individuals is not addressed here because it involves a different question with different metrics. (cdc.gov)
Although large population studies can identify associations between genotypes and phenotypes, resulting associations have limited capacity to predict phenotype in individuals, which is the ultimate goal of precision medicine. (cdc.gov)

The researchers, led by Dr. Noelle Noyes, an associate professor in the University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine, will work to understand why some people and animals get infected and/or develop symptoms during commingling events but others do not. (tamu.edu)

The author also demonstrates that he actually understands some fundamental evolutionary principles, unlike the rather naive versions of evolution that I was recoiling from elsewhere (I'll include an example later). (scienceblogs.com)

This cell population is considered a vertebrate innovation and, accordingly, chordate ancestors lacked neural crest counterparts. (biomedcentral.com)

Using a sequential blast pipeline, we phylogenetically classified these genes, as well as those associated with other tissues, in order to define tissue-specific profiles of gene emergence. (biomedcentral.com)
This is a step forward from the commonly used assignment of patients to a specific group for which prognosis/risk data are available (group approach). (imperial.ac.uk)
Chemistry provides a fundamental understanding that is then used by an industrial researcher to create an innovation which makes a real difference in a specific context. (lu.se)

They represent one of the three fundamental biological domains. (wikipedia.org)
This view, however, is based on an implicit teleological rationale, builds on inaccurate conceptions of biological evolution, downplays human data from non-industrialized cultures, overinterprets results from trained animals, and is enabled by loose terminology that facilitates teleological argumentation. (scienceblogs.com)

Chromatin plays a vital role in the implementation of gene expression programs. (harvard.edu)
Whereas α2 laminins promoted islet cell clustering, they did not affect gene expression. (nature.com)
In contrast, culturing on Laminin-421 induced the expression of β-cell genes, including Ins1 , MafA , and Glut2 , and significantly improved glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. (nature.com)

Here, we present a complete Nautilus pompilius genome as a fundamental genomic reference on cephalopod innovations, such as the pinhole eye and biomineralization. (nature.com)
Of neural crest genes, 9% are vertebrate innovations. (biomedcentral.com)

Another interview that has stuck in my mind is the chat I had with Professor Judith Mank from UCL on her work about the genes and sex. (thenakedscientists.com)
As well as having fundamental and applied ramifications, this work is proving of immense popular interest. (exeter.ac.uk)
Their work will use cattle as a model for viral transmission during group "commingling events" - when unfamiliar animals or people come together in a defined space and time with intensive and sustained contact. (tamu.edu)
At VERO, Morley and Dr. Matthew Scott, an assistant professor of microbial ecology and infectious disease, will work alongside three graduate students to collect samples from local beef and dairy cattle to track how bovine coronavirus, which is not able to infect people, spreads between animals. (tamu.edu)

Among animals, commingling routinely occurs during livestock production when the body's ability to fight disease may be lowered, while, at the same time, the body is being exposed to more pathogens. (tamu.edu)

Genes are important for brain development - they orchestrate connections between neurons and pruning of those connections during development and childhood. (neurosciencenews.com)
In summary, genetic drift is an important evolutionary force that can shape the genetic composition of animal populations. (sigmachihq.org)
All forms of recombinant DNA technology, including modification of the genes of plants and animals, raise extremely important safety issues and need careful monitoring and control. (who.int)
Prediction of the sensitizing capacity of a chemical is important to avoid outbreaks of ACD in the population. (cdc.gov)

In the mid 1990s the terminology used to define atheromatous plaques was refined by the American Heart Association (AHA) Consensus Group headed by Dr. Stary. (medscape.com)

In the field and glasshouse, we observed overyielding in populations with low percentages of irMPK4 plants, unrelated to water-use phenotypes. (elifesciences.org)
Plants and animals carry a pair of each gene, so in the pea example, an individual pea can be YY, Yy or yy. (thecanadianencyclopedia.ca)
These so-called meiotic drivers are widespread in plants, animals, and fungi and can impact genome evolution. (bvsalud.org)

There, breeding programs for cheetahs and African antelopes are being coordinated on a large-scale in spacious pastures with natural group sizes and minimal public interference. (si.edu)

Whether an individual parasitoid wasp reproduces sexually or asexually is determined by a single gene. (eawag.ch)
Surprisingly, it turned out that this fundamental difference is controlled by a single gene. (eawag.ch)
Vorburger explains: "We've only been able to show that the trait behaves like a single genetic factor, but we've already identified a microsatellite - a genetic marker - which is located close to the responsible gene. (eawag.ch)
The diagnosis, prevention and, to some extent, management of common inherited diseases caused by a single defective gene are well advanced. (who.int)

Nautilus shows a compact, minimalist genome with few encoding genes and slow evolutionary rates in both non-coding and coding regions among known cephalopods. (nature.com)
The particular version of a genome carried by an individual is called the genotype (its set of genes). (thecanadianencyclopedia.ca)

Not a lot of it is really well proved, but most people think that if you've got a gene that determines sex, say, a gene that makes you male. (thenakedscientists.com)
Vorburger and Sandrock do not yet know which gene determines the mode of reproduction. (eawag.ch)

One of the few scientists to have studied the bees was Cecile Plateaux-Quenu, an entomologist who in the 1960s documented sweat bee populations - and their social habits - in sites around France. (neurosciencenews.com)
The solution to these challenges is probably not an increased focus on the individual, but rather involves focusing on the social, economic, and structural drivers of population health that are ubiquitous and inevitably linked to health achievement as a country. (cdc.gov)

Organisms10

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs2

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment2

Phenomena and Processes3

Disciplines and Occupations2

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Humanities2

Named Groups3

Health Care7

Geographicals1

Species19

Improve the health of populations3

Proteins3

Organisms11

Small Populations3

Humans11

Genetics11

Traits6

Mechanisms8

Quantifying gene flow1

Behavior11

Immunity1

Allele3

Antimicrobial4

Analyses1

Processes5

Antibiotic1

Cues2

Annotations1

Biology3

Concept of the gene2

Variation5

Frequencies3

Regulatory2

Behaviors4

Research12

Reproductive3

Laboratory2

Diversity4

Embryonic3

Cancers1

Understood1

Extensively1

Patterns2

Reproduce1

Differences9

Mammals2

Ecological1

Chromosomes1

Plant2

Disparate1

Study9

Conservation2

Urban1

Adaptation1

Individuals3

Researchers1

Understands1

Counterparts1

Specific3

Biological2

Expression3

Innovations2

Work4

Livestock1

Important4

Define1

Plants3

Natural1

Single4

Genome2

Determines2

Social2