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These abnormalities were less frequent in transgenic zebrafish embryos expressing rat αA-crystallin suggesting a specific role of α-crystallins in embryonic lens development. (nih.gov)
RT-PCR was used to show that the beta3 and alpha2 subunit RNAs were present in zebrafish embryos only 2-5hours post-fertilization (hpf) while alpha7 subunit RNA was not detected until 8hpf, supporting the differential regulation of nAChRs during development. (zfin.org)
nAChR binding techniques were used to detect the early expression of two high-affinity [3H]-epibatidine binding sites in 2 days post-fertilization (dpf) zebrafish embryos with IC(50) values of 28.6pM and 29.7nM and in 5dpf embryos with IC(50) values of 28.4pM and 8.9nM. (zfin.org)
To better characterize the Hh response in the zebrafish neural tube, we cloned the zebrafish Class II Hh target genes nkx2.9 and nkx6.2. (zfin.org)
We then analyzed the expression of a number of Class I and Class II Hh responsive genes in wild type, Hh mutant, and Hh over-expressing zebrafish embryos. (zfin.org)
We demonstrate that the zebrafish bozozok (boz) locus is required at the blastula stages for formation of the embryonic shield, the equivalent of the gastrula organizer and expression of multiple organizer-specific genes. (zfin.org)
C91 stimulated REST-regulated gene expression in HTT-knockdown Zebrafish and increased BDNF mRNA in the presence of mutant HTT. (ox.ac.uk)
Here, we show that Fgf, without affecting survival or proliferation, acts during gastrulation to drive cardiac fate and restrict anterior haemangioblast fate in zebrafish embryos. (ox.ac.uk)
Global gene expression analysis reveals pathway differences between teratogenic and non-teratogenic exposure concentrations of bisphenol A and 17β-estradiol in embryonic zebrafish. (oregonstate.edu)
We used global gene expression analysis to identify candidate genes and signaling pathways that mediate BPA's developmental toxicity in zebrafish. (oregonstate.edu)
Here, we demonstrate that small molecules capable of conditional gene product modulation can be identified through developmental screens in zebrafish. (broadinstitute.org)
We characterized the extrinsic pathway in zebrafish to determine how it operates in a nonmammalian vertebrate. (deathbase.org)
Ectopic expression of Casp8 in zebrafish embryos induces apoptosis [16888647] . (deathbase.org)
Here we report the identification and characterization of the caspase-8 (casp8) gene in the zebrafish Danio rerio. (deathbase.org)
The zebrafish casp8 gene has a genomic organization similar to mammalian casp8 genes, consisting of 10 exons. (deathbase.org)
In contrast, the zebrafish casp10-like gene and the cflar gene separately localize on LG9 and LG11, respectively, and these genes form a cluster with CASP8 on the human chromosome. (deathbase.org)
Transcriptome analysis was conducted on zebrafish embryos exposed to 25 estrogen-, androgen-, or thyroid-active chemicals at concentrations that elicited adverse malformations or mortality at 120 h post-fertilization in 80% of animals exposed. (oregonstate.edu)
The developing zebrafish was used to evaluate a structurally diverse set of 38 OPAHs for malformation induction, gene expression changes and mitochondrial function. (oregonstate.edu)
Zebrafish embryos were exposed from 6 to 120h post fertilization (hpf) to a dilution series of 38 different OPAHs and evaluated for 22 developmental endpoints. (oregonstate.edu)
Via positional cloning, we show that mutations in a zebrafish LTCC encoding gene, cav1.3a , underlie the auditory-vestibular defects of gemini ( gem ) circler mutants. (jneurosci.org)
I demonstrate that CTAs when over-expressed cause embryonic lethality in zebrafish and the same genes are aberrantly hypomethylated at their CpG islands in a subset of human cancers. (edu.au)

Background: Understanding how gene regulatory networks (GRNs) control developmental progression is a key to the mechanistic understanding of morphogenesis. (haifa.ac.il)
A detailed understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying pigment cell specification in sea urchin embryos will first require isolation of the genes responsible for this developmental process. (silverchair.com)
The aim of our study was to assess the effect of PACAP treatment during embryo vitrification on the developmental rate and the expression of the heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor gene (Hbegf). (bvsalud.org)
After 24 h of culture, the developmental rate of the embryos, as well as the relative expression level of the Hbegf gene, as determined by qPCR, were compared among groups. (bvsalud.org)
Higher developmental rate and Hbegf gene expression level were found in the embryos treated with a higher concentration of PACAP. (bvsalud.org)
Because the timing of many developmental events is critical, it would be useful to have temporal control over modulation of gene function, a luxury frequently not possible with genetic mutants. (broadinstitute.org)
Small molecules identified in this way offer potential to dissect further these and other developmental processes and to identify novel genes involved in vertebrate development. (broadinstitute.org)
When nonhuman mammalian development is compared with human development, the study subjects must be compared at the same developmental stage (fetal, perinatal, postnatal) When collected appropriately, data from experimental studies of nonhuman mammalian embryos elucidate important aspects of human facial development. (medscape.com)
The investigators also state that the developmental primordia from which the premaxilla of nonmammalian tetrapods arises only rarely is involved in forming the upper jaw in therian mammals, instead developing into a motile nose. (medscape.com)

The regulation of differential gene expression during late skeletogenesis is not well understood. (haifa.ac.il)
Dynamic regulation of eve stripe 2 expression reveals transcriptional bursts in living Drosophila embryos. (princeton.edu)
We present the use of recently developed live imaging methods to examine the dynamic regulation of even-skipped (eve) stripe 2 expression in the precellular Drosophila embryo. (princeton.edu)
We further show that regulation of the paralogous end-1 and end-3 genes consists of both shared and distinct inputs, and that END-3 activates end-1 expression. (ucsb.edu)
DNA methylation has been shown to be involved in numerous processes, including X-chromosome inactivation in mammals, retrotransposon silencing, genomic imprinting, carcinogenesis and the regulation of tissue specific gene expression during development. (edu.au)

We show that this change in role of Bapx1 following the transition to the mammalian ossicle configuration is not due to a change in expression pattern but results from an inability to regulate Gdf5 and Gdf6, two genes predicted to be essential in joint formation. (kcl.ac.uk)

Although dominant mutations are often not informative of the normal gene function, E(spl) turned out to encode a family of seven paralogous basic helix-loop-helix proteins of utmost importance in the implementation of the Notch signal in the receiving cell. (nih.gov)
Organisms can be compared only if it is clear which genes and proteins are shared between the research species and humans. (msstate.edu)

Genetic fragments such as pseudogenes, regions of DNA that are orthologous to a gene in a related organism, but are no longer active and appear to be undergoing a steady process of degeneration from cumulative mutations support common descent alongside the universal biochemical organization and molecular variance patterns found in all organisms. (wikipedia.org)
These studies provide genetic evidence for an essential function of a homeodomain protein in ß-catenin-mediated induction of the dorsal gastrula organizer and place boz at the top of a hierarchy of zygotic genes specifying the dorsal midline of a vertebrate embryo. (zfin.org)
Gene duplication confers genetic redundancy that can facilitate subfunctionalization, the partitioning of ancestral functions between paralogs. (xenbase.org)

Normally, huntingtin (HTT) prevents this binding, allowing expressing of REST target genes. (ox.ac.uk)
Pitx1 activity is required for normal skeletal elongation and for the expression of some of VEGF target genes. (haifa.ac.il)
Subfunctionalization of Paralogous Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptors from the Frog Xenopus Laevis: Distinct Target Genes and Differential Responses to Specific Agonists in a Single Cell Type. (xenbase.org)
More modestly induced target genes, encoding aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor ( AHRR ), spectrin repeat-containing nuclear envelope protein 1 (SYNE-1), and gap junction protein gamma 1 ( GJC1 ), were regulated solely by AHR1α. (xenbase.org)

Mouse embryos, obtained from superovulated females were allocated into the four treatment groups. (bvsalud.org)
These results indicate that PACAP treatment has a beneficial effect on the survival and development of vitrified/thawed mouse embryos. (bvsalud.org)
This study demonstrated that the PCDR method can be utilized for photo-dependent cytosolic shRNA delivery into a single blastomere and for single blastomere-specific RNA interference in mouse embryos. (bvsalud.org)
Consistent with the expression pattern of Bapx1, mouse embryos deficient for Bapx1 lack a gonium and display hypoplasia of the anterior end of the tympanic ring. (kcl.ac.uk)

This is a review of research that supports a hypothesis regarding early restriction of gene expression in the vertebrate embryo. (duke.edu)

At both life stages there were alterations in the expression of several key stress response genes including glutathione-S-transferase, glutamate cysteine ligase, ferritin, alpha-tocopherol transport protein and heat shock protein 70. (oregonstate.edu)

The mRNA levels of other RE1/NRSE-regulated genes were similarly increased while non-REST-regulated genes were unaffected. (ox.ac.uk)
The comparison was performed between mRNA populations of embryos having an expansion of the endo-mesodermal territory and embryos blocked in secondary mesenchyme specification. (silverchair.com)
During early neurogenesis, multiple gene expression profiling studies revealed widespread changes in mRNA and miRNA abundance in ethanol-exposed embryos. (oregonstate.edu)
Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay: terminating erroneous gene expression. (xenbase.org)

Using whole mount in situ hybridization, it was shown that these genes are specifically expressed in pigment cells. (silverchair.com)

This is due to the assemblage of a rar-corepressor-histone deacetylase complex on retinoic acid response elements (RAREs) in regulatory regions of a subset of genes. (duke.edu)
Dehydrogenases and a subset of cytochrome p450 genes (cyp26a1, cyp26b1, and cyp26c1) play the major role in providing the retinoic acid and limiting its access. (duke.edu)
Comparative analysis revealed raldh2, a rate-limiting enzyme for the synthesis of retinoic acid, as one of the most highly induced genes across the three regeneration platforms. (oregonstate.edu)

Preservation of duplicate genes by complementary, degenerative mutations. (xenbase.org)

We show that expression of Class I and Class II genes is highly conserved in the vertebrate neural tube. (zfin.org)
By gaining a deeper understanding into the mechanisms behind this highly conserved pattern of gene repression on a specific subset of genes, we would be able to identify methods to prevent aberrant gene expression. (edu.au)

We report that boz mutations disrupt the homeobox gene dharma. (zfin.org)

Overexpression of boz in the extraembryonic yolk syncytial layer of boz mutant embryos is sufficient for normal development of the overlying blastoderm, revealing an involvement of extraembryonic structures in anterior patterning in fish similarly to murine embryos. (zfin.org)
Loss-of-function mutant embryos arrest at implantation due to Eomes requirements in the trophectoderm cell lineage. (bvsalud.org)

Our data thus reveal three new properties of C. elegans endoderm specification: both maternal and zygotic activities of the med genes act to specify endoderm, defects in endoderm specification also result in defects in gut cell number, and activation of the paralogous end-1 and end-3 genes differs qualitatively in the relative contributions of their upstream regulators. (ucsb.edu)

We show that, in combination with goosecoid (Gsc), the Bapx1 gene defines the structural components of the murine middle ear. (kcl.ac.uk)

Gene expression analysis was carried out on a subset of 66 clones with real time quantitative PCR and 40 clones were positive. (silverchair.com)
Given that 5mC mediated gene repression has been found to exist in vertebrate genomes and CTAs have also been identified to be a subset of highly evolutionarily conserved genes, it is critical to understand the role of 5mC mediated CTA silencing in vertebrates. (edu.au)

MSU has been involved in the annotation of genes of all agricultural animals and many plant crops for 5 years and is recognized internationally as the go-to place for experimental and functional annotation of all agricultural animal genomes on the planet. (msstate.edu)

The results suggest that S. purpuratus pks, fmo and sult could belong to a differentiation gene battery of pigment cells. (silverchair.com)
Muscle differentiation in a colonial ascidian: organisation, gene expression and evolutionary considerations. (ox.ac.uk)
RESULTS: In the colonial ascidian Botryllus schlosseri, we investigated organisation, differentiation and gene expression of muscle beginning from early buds to adults and during zooid regression. (ox.ac.uk)

Functional analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed distinct expression profiles at 24h post fertilization for 0.1μM versus 80μM BPA and 0.1μM versus 15μM E2 exposure, identification of prothrombin activation as a top canonical pathway impacted by both 0.1μM BPA and 0.1μM E2 exposure, and suppressed expression of several genes involved in nervous system development and function following 0.1μM BPA exposure. (oregonstate.edu)
Microarrays were used to examine the effects of C60 on the global gene expression at two time points, 36 and 48 h post fertilization (hpf). (oregonstate.edu)

Our experiments analyzing homozygously tagged embryonic stem cells and embryos demonstrate that the degron-tagged Eomes protein is fully functional. (bvsalud.org)

The first part of the work involved improving what is known about the chicken genome, correcting some mistakes made in the original annotation and identifying new genes that may have been missed the first time. (msstate.edu)
In doing so, we have already been able to use our data from the chicken to fix problems in the human genome and identify new human genes," Burgess said. (msstate.edu)
The next thing we're going to do is assign standardized gene names to all 25,000 genes in the chicken genome that match the equivalent name in the human. (msstate.edu)
This makes it easier to compare genes from the chicken with genes from other species, and thus to use the chicken as a better animal to help us solve human health problems. (msstate.edu)
Having approved symbols and gene names greatly improves data mining and allows researchers to exploit the full potential of the chicken genome for comparative and functional genomic studies," Burgess said. (msstate.edu)
The chicken embryo is highly accessible in eggs, easy to manipulate, and robust. (msstate.edu)
We performed virus isolation in 10-day-old specific pathogen-free chicken embryos ( 12 ), then confirmed results by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (Mabsky Biotech, http://www.mabsky.com ). (cdc.gov)

In this study, we made use of extreme evolutionary sequence conservation as a filter to identify putative gene regulatory elements, and characterized the in vivo enhancer activity of a large group of non-coding elements in the human genome that are conserved in human-pufferfish, Takifugu (Fugu) rubripes, or ultraconserved in human-mouse-rat. (ox.ac.uk)
These data dramatically expand the catalogue of human gene enhancers that have been characterized in vivo, and illustrate the utility of such training sets for a variety of biological applications, including decoding the regulatory vocabulary of the human genome. (ox.ac.uk)
The value of a genome sequence entirely depends on the quality and accessibility of its annotation, and on having approved symbols for each gene. (msstate.edu)

Here we report that 45% of these sequences functioned reproducibly as tissue-specific enhancers of gene expression at embryonic day 11.5. (ox.ac.uk)

We also suggest that this mechanism may be playing a significant role in the repression of genes in undifferentiated stem cells. (duke.edu)

VEGF signaling also controls the expression of regulatory genes in cells at the tips of the postoral rods, including the transcription factors Pitx1 and MyoD1. (haifa.ac.il)
New secondary mesenchyme specific genes, expressed exclusively in pigment cells, were isolated from sea urchin embryos using a differential screening of a macroarray cDNA library. (silverchair.com)
To characterise the signals with which infection might be communicated between blood cells and fat body, we ablated circulating haemocytes and defined the parameters of AMP gene activation in larvae. (cnrs.fr)
We found that targeted ablation of blood cells influenced the levels of AMP gene expression in the fat body following both septic injury and oral infection. (cnrs.fr)
However, the PCDR method has only been applied to planer cultured cells and not to embryos. (bvsalud.org)
We also find that reduction of Med or End activity results in aberrant numbers of intestinal cells in embryos that make endoderm. (ucsb.edu)
Gene expression is tightly regulated via DNA methylation (5mC) and the aberrant expression of meiotic genes in mitotic cells via CpG promoter hypomethylation has been proposed to cause cancer. (edu.au)

Results: Here we reveal the dynamic expression of the skeletogenic regulatory genes that define a specific regulatory state for each pair of skeletal rods, in the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. (haifa.ac.il)
In fish, Bapx1 is responsible for the formation of the joint between the quadrate and articular (homologues of the malleus and incus, respectively) enabling an evolutionary comparison of the role of a regulatory gene in the transition of the proximal jawbones to middle ear ossicles. (kcl.ac.uk)

In sea urchin embryos, cell fate specification occurs very early in development. (silverchair.com)
Single-cell-specific delivery of small RNAs, such as short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and small noncoding RNAs, allows us to elucidate the roles of specific upregulation of RNA expression and RNAi-mediated gene suppression in early embryo development. (bvsalud.org)
Much has been learned about vertebrate development by random mutagenesis followed by phenotypic screening and by targeted gene disruption followed by phenotypic analysis in model organisms. (broadinstitute.org)

Finally, we will review the evolution of this protein family, which, albeit of relatively recent origin, present only in insects and crustaceans, has undergone extensive diversification, including gene loss and duplication. (nih.gov)
Comparative analysis of gnathostome Otx gene expression patterns in the developing eye: implications for the functional evolution of the multigene family. (ox.ac.uk)

Gene expression patterns : GEP. (zfin.org)

However, med-1,2(-) embryos made by mothers in which germline med transcripts have been abrogated by transgene cosuppression fail to make endoderm 50% of the time, similar to the phenotype seen by RNAi. (ucsb.edu)

This occurs in a L-R asymmetric manner such that the caudal-most region of the embryo passes to the right side of the head. (biomedcentral.com)

Cancer/Testis Antigens (CTAs) are a group of genes that encode tumour specific antigens and are expressed in the testis, certain cancers but not in normal post-natal somatic tissues. (edu.au)

Yet, during skeletal elongation, skeletogenic genes are expressed in distinct spatial sub-domains. (haifa.ac.il)

Identifying the sequences that direct the spatial and temporal expression of genes and defining their function in vivo remains a significant challenge in the annotation of vertebrate genomes. (ox.ac.uk)

Binding of the repressor complex REST-mSIN3b by small molecules restores neuronal gene transcription in Huntington's disease models. (ox.ac.uk)

While directing expression in a broad range of anatomical structures in the embryo, the majority of the 75 enhancers directed expression to various regions of the developing nervous system. (ox.ac.uk)

We are proposing that this is a basic, early embryonic switch that can cause the initiation of cascades of gene expression that are responsible for at least some early, diversification of cell phenotypes. (duke.edu)

We'll take all the functional information that has ever been published about any of the genes and assign it to each of these old genes, and the new genes we find, using a specific ontology, or a very well-defined dictionary," Burgess said. (msstate.edu)

In the early stages of sea urchin skeletogenesis, skeletogenic genes are uniformly expressed in the skeletogenic lineage. (haifa.ac.il)

The T-box transcription factor Eomesodermin (Eomes), also known as Tbr2, plays essential roles in the early mouse embryo. (bvsalud.org)
The ability to temporally manipulate Eomes protein expression in combination with cell marking by the mCherry-reporter offers a powerful tool for dissecting Eomes-dependent functional roles in these diverse cell types in the early embryo. (bvsalud.org)
At the node, a previously unrecognised action of early nodal flow and Pkd2 activity, within the pit of the node, influences gene expression in a symmetric manner. (biomedcentral.com)

We will, for the first time, have a computer-friendly encyclopedia of gene functions, and so our computers will have something to work with to help us in our massive-scale genomics experiments. (msstate.edu)

Anatomy64

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Disciplines and Occupations4

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