Genes coli plasmids. Medical search. Frequent questions

Decreased expression or mutations in glpT or uhpT genes are the most frequent events leading to lowered susceptibility, whereas modification of the fosfomycin target MurA seems to be rare in clinical isolates ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
While poultry constitutes the major industry in Nepal, there is a paucity of evidence on colistin resistance in Escherichia coli isolates causing natural infections in poultry. (tropmedres.ac)
109/202) of E. coli isolates was obtained in the liver samples from poultry birds (of both types) aged less than forty days. (tropmedres.ac)
In AST, 95.1% (137/144) and 82.6% (119/144) of E. coli isolates were resistant against tetracycline and ciprofloxacin, respectively, while 13.2% (19/144) and 25.7% (37/144) isolates were resistant to cefoxitin and imipenem, respectively. (tropmedres.ac)
In the same assay, 76.4% (110/144) E. coli isolates were multi-drug resistant (MDR). (tropmedres.ac)
In the PCR assay, 43.9% (18/41) of colistin-resistant isolates were screened positive for plasmid-mediated mcr-1. (tropmedres.ac)
Conclusion: The high prevalence of mcr-1 in colistin-resistant E. coli isolates in our study is a cause of concern for the probable coming emergence of colistin resistance in human pathogens, due to horizontal transfer of resistant genes from poultry to human isolates. (tropmedres.ac)
MDR plasmid transfer from Salmonella to commensal Escherichia coli was demonstrated by PCR and whole-genome sequencing of isolates purified from agar plates containing cefotaxime. (nih.gov)
This study aimed to compare ESBL-producing Escherichia coli causing infections in humans with infecting or commensal isolates from animals and isolates from food of animal origin in terms of the strain types, the ESBL gene present and the plasmids that carry the respective ESBL genes. (reading.ac.uk)
A collection of 353 ESBL-positive E. coli isolates from the UK, the Netherlands and Germany were studied by MLST and ESBL genes were identified. (reading.ac.uk)
Overall, blaCTX-M-1 was the most frequently detected ESBL gene, followed by blaCTX-M-15, which was the most common ESBL gene in the human isolates. (reading.ac.uk)
IncI1-Iγ plasmids that carried the blaCTX-M-1 gene were widely disseminated amongst STs in isolates from animals and humans, whereas other plasmids and STs appeared to be more restricted to isolates from specific hosts. (reading.ac.uk)
The mcr-1 gene was first reported in 2015 in food, animal, and patient isolates from China ( 1 ) and is notable for being the first plasmid-mediated colistin resistance mechanism to be identified. (cdc.gov)
In the present study, 1,074 ExPEC isolates were classified by phylogenetic group and possession of 67 other traits, including virulence-associated genes and plasmid replicon types. (unboundmedicine.com)
These ExPEC isolates included 452 avian pathogenic E. coli strains from avian colibacillosis, 91 neonatal meningitis E. coli (NMEC) strains causing human neonatal meningitis, and 531 uropathogenic E. coli strains from human urinary tract infections. (unboundmedicine.com)
A total of 110 clinical isolates of A. baumannii , collected in a recent 2-year period, were tested for carbapenem antibiotic susceptibility, followed by a molecular analysis of carbapenemase genes. (frontiersin.org)
Sixty-seven of the 110 isolates (60.9%) were resistant to carbapenems, 80.60% (54/67) of which carried the bla OXA-23 gene. (frontiersin.org)
Multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli isolates harboring New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM-1) were isolated from a patient who had returned to Canada from India. (flutrackers.com)
Compared with 340 human E. coli STs reported in China, the ST10 clonal complex, known as the largest human clonal complex, was also found in the 50 mink E. coli isolates. (hindawi.com)
Genomic analysis of plasmid content in food isolates of E. coli, strongly supports its role as a reservoir for virulence and antibiotic resistance genes. (cdc.gov)
This implies that the gene for resistance in the bacteria isolates was plasmid-mediated, that is, they were obtained from the environment. (bvsalud.org)
In this study, we molecularly characterized 12 NDM-1 producing clinical Enterobacteriaceae ( Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae ) isolates that were part of a collection of non-carbapenem susceptible isolates obtained during a one-year period. (who.int)
The isolates appear clonally unrelated with MLST, revealing a diversity of clonal types among the Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli isolates. (who.int)
Of these, 11 isolates (4 Escherichia coli , 5 Klebsiella pneumoniae and 2 Enterobacter cloacae ) produced ESBL of the CT-X-M-15 type. (who.int)

It can also facilitate the conjugative transfer of multidrug resistance (MDR) plasmids between commensal and pathogenic bacteria which is a significant public and animal health concern as it may affect our ability to treat bacterial infections. (nih.gov)
Transfer of antimicrobial resistance via plasmid exchange is of particular concern as it enables unrelated bacteria to acquire resistance. (nih.gov)
The gastrointestinal tract is replete with bacteria and provides an environment for plasmid transfer between commensals and pathogens. (nih.gov)
The discovery of artificially induced competence in E. coli created an efficient and convenient procedure for transforming bacteria which allows for simpler molecular cloning methods in biotechnology and research, and it is now a routinely used laboratory procedure. (wikipedia.org)
By removing the genes in the plasmid that caused the tumor and adding in novel genes, researchers were able to infect plants with A. tumefaciens and let the bacteria insert their chosen DNA into the genomes of the plants. (wikipedia.org)
the other two are transduction, carried out by means of a bacteriophage, and conjugation, in which a gene is passed through direct contact between bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
This leads us to speculate that, in enteroinvasive bacteria, the level of VirF inside the cell controls the temperature-regulated expression of invasion genes. (uniroma3.it)
The intrinsic limitation of P BAD for the gene expression is known to be negated by glucose and afflicted with all-or-nothing induction in host bacteria. (nature.com)
Plasmids can be transferred between bacteria, potentially spreading the resistance gene to other bacterial species. (cdc.gov)
Bacteria with the mcr-1 gene were not detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction in any specimen, indicating that the patient and family members were not colonized with bacteria carrying mcr-1 . (cdc.gov)
E. coli ) is low to date and the single-dose regimen is well tolerated and has not been associated with selection of drug-resistant bacteria or colonization/infection with multidrug-resistant strains. (drugs.com)
The bla gene originates from the cloning vector PUC18 and is not expressed in maize, but has bacterial regulatory sequences that would allow it to become functional were it to be transferred back into bacteria. (gmwatch.org)
The researchers investigated the survival of DNA from transgenic maize and the transfer of the antibiotic resistance bla gene to bacteria in the presence of saliva, rumen fluid and silage effluent, which are relevant to horizontal gene transfer in the oral cavity, the rumen, and in silage. (gmwatch.org)
The nptII gene in transgenic potato plants coding for kanamycin resistance, transforms naturally competent cells of the soil bacteria Pseudomonas stutzeri and Acinetobacter BD413 (both harboring a plasmid with an nptII gene containing a small deletion (hence nonfunctional) with the same high efficiency as nptII genes on plasmid DNA ( 3x10-5 -1x10-4) despite the presence of a more than 106 fold excess of plant DNA. (gmwatch.org)
human insulin, for example, is now produced by bacteria containing the cloned insulin gene. (encyclopedia.com)
In response to this unmet requirement, a team of researchers from Canada have developed and optimized the transfer of superior conjugative plasmids between bacteria and different yeast species via conjugation. (eurekalert.org)
The team first optimized this plasmid for bacteria-to-yeast conjugation by deleting 55 genes or small genetic regions to create four streamlined plasmids: M1-M4, with two clones each. (eurekalert.org)
These modified plasmids were then transferred from Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) bacteria to S. cerevisiae via conjugation and assessed based on the yeast colony formation. (eurekalert.org)
As compared to the original pTA-Mob 2.0 plasmid, the bacteria-yeast conjugation frequency for pSC5 was 10- and 23-fold more when tested in cis (which mobilizes itself) and trans (which mobilizes another plasmid) setups, respectively. (eurekalert.org)
This could be because the bacteria had fewer adverse effects on the yeast when it was carrying the pSC5 plasmid. (eurekalert.org)
Although they can be found in archaea and eukaryotes, they play the most significant biological role in bacteria where they can be passed from one bacterium to another by a type of horizontal gene transfer (conjugation), usually providing a benefit to the host, such as antibiotic resistance. (addgene.org)
The drug substance anakinra is a recombinant protein (Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist) produced in E. coli bacteria containing an expression plasmid in which a synthetic gene coding for human IL-1Ra has been inserted.According to the Guideline on the Environmental Risk Assessment of Medicinal Products for Human Use (EMEA 2006), proteins are exempted from environmental risk assessment because they are unlikely to result in significant risk to the environment. (janusinfo.se)
The realization of the vastness of bacterial diversity and the development of novel experimental techniques have propelled molecular microbiology into a new era of investigation This course provides insights into how genes are organized and regulated in bacteria and in their viruses. (lu.se)
A few months ago, a group of Chinese scientists found that many gram-negative bacteria ( Enterobacteriaceae ) harbor the plasmid gene mcr-1 . (medscape.com)
[ 2 ] A plasmid enables bacteria to spread easily to other bacteria and generate resistance to colistin. (medscape.com)
[ 4 ] So although just reported, colistin resistance has been developing for some time, perhaps silently, because such bacteria as E coli are rarely tested for colistin resistance. (medscape.com)
However, it is important because, having plasmid as a basis, these bacteria can spread to a whole host of organisms. (medscape.com)

This study aimed to explore the prevalence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene, mcr-1 in E. coli isolated from liver samples of dead poultry suspected of E. coli infections. (tropmedres.ac)
Colistin resistance was determined by agar dilution method and colistin-resistant strains were further screened for plasmid-mediated mcr-1 gene, using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). (tropmedres.ac)
A welter of publications followed, reporting the same colistin resistance profile and gene in Europe, Africa, and throughout Southeast Asia. (medscape.com)

Transformation is one of three processes that lead to horizontal gene transfer, in which exogenous genetic material passes from one bacterium to another, the other two being conjugation (transfer of genetic material between two bacterial cells in direct contact) and transduction (injection of foreign DNA by a bacteriophage virus into the host bacterium). (wikipedia.org)
2) pSET152, an Escherichia coli plasmid with ϕC31 attP site, and pHZ1358, a Streptomyces-Escherichia coli shuttle cosmid vector, both carrying oriT from RP4, can be mobilized from E. coli into NS3226 by conjugation. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Plasmid delivery through conjugation between bacterial species has proven effective in creating novel antimicrobial agents, targeting specific genes to eliminate or suppress pathogens. (eurekalert.org)
To create our novel plasmids, we built derivatives of the conjugative plasmid, pTA-Mob 2.0, using designed gene deletions and cluster mutations to improve bacterial conjugation with yeasts ," explained Dr. Bogumil J. Karas, Assistant Professor at University of Western Ontario and corresponding author of the study that was published in Volume 2022 of BioDesign Research on 1 September 2022 . (eurekalert.org)
Plasmid M3 clone 1 (M3C1) showed the most significant increase in conjugation efficiency. (eurekalert.org)
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing, molecular typing, characterization of ESBL-encoding genes and the genetic environment, conjugation experiments and plasmid analysis were carried out. (who.int)

On the Escherichia coli chromosome the three substitution mutations acted similarly to a recF deletion in reducing UV resistance in a recB21 recC22 sbcB15 sbcC201 genetic background. (umass.edu)
We have previously shown that integration of the virulence plasmid pINV into the chromosome of enteroinvasive Escherichia coli and of Shigella flexneri makes these strains noninvasive (C. Zagaglia, M. Casalino, B. Colonna, C. Conti, A. Calconi, and M. Nicoletti, Infect. (uniroma3.it)
This cluster contained strains with a high number of both chromosome- and plasmid-associated ExPEC genes. (unboundmedicine.com)
By the 1970s the combined discoveries of restriction enzymes, DNA ligase, and gel electrophoresis allowed for the ability to move specific fragments of DNA from one context to another, such as from a chromosome to a plasmid. (addgene.org)

These results suggest that differential expression of Apaf-1 and caspase-3 genes may underlie regulation of apoptotic susceptibility during brain development, as well as after acute injury to mature brain, through the intrinsic pathway of caspase activation. (jneurosci.org)
In all the samples, 50 E. coli strains were isolated and then assigned to serotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility test, detection of antimicrobial resistance genes and the Class 1 integrons, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). (hindawi.com)
To examine whether the heat shock proteins affect the bactericidal action of FQs, we constructed E. coli strains with mutations in various heat shock genes and tested their susceptibility to FQs. (biomedcentral.com)
The increased susceptibility of the lon mutant was corroborated by experiments in which the gene encoding the cell division inhibitor, SulA, was subsequently disrupted. (biomedcentral.com)

The E. coli in question wound up having two plasmids with different complements of other antibiotic resistance genes, including extended-spectrum beta-lactamase genes, but Snesrud emphasized that it was not a pan-resistant strain. (genomeweb.com)

In 2016, Portugal reported the first imported case of a travel-related infection in Europe with an E. coli strain co-expressing fosA3 and CTX-M-15 ( 11 ). (cdc.gov)
As part of global surveillance and sequencing of carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli , we identified a sequence type 131 strain harboring bla IMP-14 within a class 1 integron, itself nested within an ∼54-kb multidrug resistance region on an epidemic IncA/C 2 plasmid. (ox.ac.uk)
Qualified cell banks should be used and tested for identity, viability, strain, genotype/phenotype, and presence/copy number of the plasmid vector of interest, along with a description of its structural elements. (bioprocessintl.com)
An E. coli strain that carries a plasmid encoding the cloned human histone H4 gene, HIST2H4. (neb.com)
E. coli strain DH5a was the test micro-organism for horizontal gene transfer. (gmwatch.org)
The resistance was detected in a strain of Esherichia coli collected from a woman in Pennsylvania with a urinary tract infection, according to a report published in Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy last month. (genomeweb.com)
For very toxic proteins, we recommend using the pQE-80L series of expression vectors in the M15[pREP4] E. coli host strain . (qiagen.com)
Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 conducted by PCR using a combina- oxyimino-cephalosporins and mono- was used as a control strain. (who.int)
The reason for the observed defective assembly in E. coli is probably not some unidentified mutation in the plasmid DNA because the same plasmid preparation complemented a B. subtilis sdhCAB deletion strain [7]. (lu.se)

These fragments are then inserted into cloning vectors , such as bacterial plasmids or bacteriophages, which transfer the recombinant DNA to suitable host cells, such as the bacterium E. coli. (encyclopedia.com)
The combination of a DNA fragment with a plasmid or vector DNA backbone generates a recombinant DNA molecule, which can be used to study DNA fragments of interest, such as genes. (addgene.org)
Plasmids that are used most commonly in the field of recombinant DNA technology have been optimized for their use of studying and manipulating genes. (addgene.org)

Characterization of ESBL gene-carrying plasmids was performed using PCR-based replicon typing. (reading.ac.uk)
Only nominal studies in characterization of choline dehydrogenase from E . coli have been reported to date. (scialert.net)
In this study, we report the characterization and structural analysis of choline dehydrogenase in E . coli . (scialert.net)

The effect of the introduction of plasmids carrying virB (pBN1) or virF (pHW745 and pMYSW6504), and of a Delta hns deletion, in the different strains was evaluated by measuring beta-galactosidase activity, virB transcription, and virB-regulated virulence phenotypes like synthesis of Ipa proteins, contact-mediated hemolysis, and capacity to invade HeLa cells. (uniroma3.it)
This plasmid is designed to express tagged proteins in E. coli. (sigmaaldrich.com)
This plasmid contains an Outer Membrane Protein T (OmpT) secretory signal peptide (SP) to allow proteins to be exported from the cytosol. (sigmaaldrich.com)
The betA gene sequence reported in this study contains several base substitutions with that of reported sequences in GenBank, resulting in the altered amino acid sequences of the translated proteins. (scialert.net)
Over the next 100 years, many significant discoveries lead to the conclusions that genes encode proteins and reside on chromosomes, which are composed of DNA. (addgene.org)
It is generally believed that the proteins encoded in these genes are important for successful survival of the organism under the hostile conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
We demonstrated that Escherichia coli cells exposed to levofloxacin (LVFX), a fluoroquinolone (FQ), induce the syntheses of heat shock proteins and RecA. (biomedcentral.com)
We analyzed the proteins induced in Escherichia coli by exposure to FQs, then examined the susceptibilities to these agents of E. coli strains with mutations in the genes encoding these proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
Figure 1(A) shows a profile of proteins in E. coli cells that were pulse-labeled after incubation for 10 min with different concentrations of LVFX. (biomedcentral.com)
The course comprises molecular biology of genes, proteins, multicomponent protein complexes, and other biomolecules that provide structure and perform the organism's functions. (lu.se)

Antimicrobial resistance occurs through different mechanisms, which include spontaneous (natural) genetic mutations and horizontal transfer of resistant genes through deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). (who.int)

This eliminates the need to include this gene on another plasmid. (qiagen.com)

The possible dissemination of this gene is worrisome because fosA3 is generally surrounded by the IS 26 insertion sequence on a composite transposon borne by the IncFII conjugative plasmid, which is known to be a dissemination vector of resistance genes worldwide. (cdc.gov)
pSELECT-zeo is also available with the LacZ reporter gene and can be used as control vector. (invivogen.com)
Generated plasmids have been used in clinical trials for gene therapy and vaccines as well as in viral vector production. (bioprocessintl.com)
Escherichia coli JM109 and plasmid pTZ57R/T (MBI Fermentas, Hanover, Maryland, USA) were used as transformation host and cloning vector, respectively. (scialert.net)
The vectors in the cis-Repressed pQE Vector Set are similar to those in the N-Terminus pQE Vector Set, but additionally express the laclq gene product that represses protein expression prior to IPTG induction. (qiagen.com)
The cis-Repressed pQE Kan Vector Set contains vectors with a kanamycin resistance gene in addition to the ampicillin resistance gene providing selection by either antibiotic. (qiagen.com)
Once a protein-encoding DNA insert has been incorporated into the vector, it is transformed into E. coli cells and protein expression is induced by the addition of IPTG to the growth medium. (qiagen.com)

Transfer occurred to seven E. coli sequence types at high rates, even in the absence of cefotaxime, with resistant strains isolated within 3 days. (nih.gov)
cloning of the structural gene, sequence analysis and inferred domain structure of the multifunctional enzyme. (microbiologyresearch.org)
gene cloning ( DNA cloning ) The production of exact copies ( clones ) of a particular gene or DNA sequence using genetic engineering techniques. (encyclopedia.com)
In order to isolate a particular gene from human chromosomal DNA, it would be necessary to isolate a sequence of a few hundred or few thousand basepairs from the entire human genome. (addgene.org)
The sequence of the beta-lactamase gene was also determined. (lu.se)
Two nucleotides were different between the E. coli (Tn3) and H. ducreyi (pCb) genes that affected the amino-acid sequence. (lu.se)

New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase in Klebsiella pnemoniae and Escherichia coli, Canada. (flutrackers.com)
Escherichia coli and Klebsiella sp. (bvsalud.org)
Parmi celles-ci, onze isolats (quatre Escherichia coli , cinq Klebsiella pneumoniae et deux Enterobacter cloacae ) ont produit des -lactamases à spectre élargi de type CTX-M-15. (who.int)

We used an in vitro chemostat system to approximate the chicken cecal microbiota, simulate colonization by an MDR Salmonella pathogen, and examine the dynamics of transfer of its MDR plasmid harboring several genes, including the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase bla CTX-M1 We also evaluated the impact of cefotaxime administration on plasmid transfer and microbial diversity. (nih.gov)
We show that transfer of a multidrug-resistant plasmid from the zoonotic pathogen Salmonella to commensal Escherichia coli occurs at a high rate, even in the absence of antibiotic administration. (nih.gov)
The report also found evidence of resistance to the antimicrobial colistin in Salmonella and E. coli among poultry in the EU. (imperial.ac.uk)
As of this year the report gives information on resistance to colistin in Salmonella and E.coli from poultry in the EU. (imperial.ac.uk)
The report also includes information on the occurrence of Salmonella and E. coli strains that produce an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and/or a carbapenemase, enzymes that confer resistance to the critically important third-generation antimicrobials cephalosporins and carbapenems, respectively. (imperial.ac.uk)
More than 44,000 Salmonella and 9,000 E. coli/Shigella have been tested in roughly the past two months and none has shown the presence of the mcr-1 gene, the agency said. (genomeweb.com)

The ease of NDM-1 plasmid transmissibility may help their dissemination among the Enterobacteriaceae. (who.int)

this is the fourth isolate from a U.S. patient to contain the mcr-1 gene. (cdc.gov)
The isolate was non-Shiga toxin-producing E. coli O157 from stool collected on June 16, 2016 from a pediatric patient with diarrhea. (cdc.gov)
One CRAB isolate of ST195 harbored plasmid pAB52 from a Chinese patient without travel history. (frontiersin.org)
As was conducted using traditional microbio- many colonies as required for finding the logical methods and with commercial anti- isolate carrying these particular genes were sera if necessary. (who.int)

We showed that sufficient overexpression of the wild-type recF gene interfered with three normal cell functions: (1) UV induction of transcription from the LexA-protein-repressed sulA promoter, (2) UV resistance and (3) cell viability at 42 degrees. (umass.edu)
This protein is an initiator of plasmid replication. (nih.gov)
This family also includes RepA which is an E.coli protein involved in plasmid replication. (nih.gov)
The RepA protein binds to DNA repeats that flank the repA gene. (nih.gov)
pQE vectors provide high-level expression of protein in E. coli and add the small 6xHis affinity tag to protein expression constructs. (qiagen.com)
How can I express toxic protein in E. coli? (qiagen.com)

To show this, we altered a low-level overexpressing recF+ plasmid with a set of structurally neutral mutations that increased the rate of expression of recF. (umass.edu)
We used the high-level plasmid to test four recF structural mutations for residual activity. (umass.edu)
On the high-level overexpressing plasmid all three substitution mutations definitely showed partial activity. (umass.edu)
The mutations that contributed to this increased efficiency were found to be in the promoter region of the conjugative gene traJ . (eurekalert.org)

Plasmid cloning vectors for the conjugal transfer of DNA from Escherichia coli to Streptomyces spp. (microbiologyresearch.org)

A heat-stable Shigella enterotoxin-1 gene (astA) was detected in 17.3% (n = 4) of the cases. (magiran.com)
coli, Shigella and Salmo- in association with diarrhoeal disease [10]. (who.int)

Insect-resistant maize line CG00526-176 contains three bacterial genes: the cry1A(b) specific to lepidopterans, the bar gene conferring tolerance to glufosinate, and a bla gene encoding TEM-1 b-lactamase (ampicillin resistance). (gmwatch.org)
It is well known that expression of certain bacterial genes responds rapidly to such stimuli as exposure to toxic chemicals and physical agents. (biomedcentral.com)

Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) is commonly associated with pediatric diarrhea, in developing countries. (magiran.com)
In this study, we investigated the distribution of virulence genes, enterotoxin and biofilm formation among EAEC strains isolated from stools of children with diarrhea referred to three hospitals in south east Iran. (magiran.com)
Well isolated colonies were then evaluated for the presence of EAEC diagnostic genes (aggR and pCVD432) by duplex polymerase chain reaction (D-PCR). (magiran.com)
Among the 322 E. coli isolated, 23 were identified as EAEC. (magiran.com)
All EAEC carried a 630-bp fragment of the plasmid (pAA) encoded pCVD432 and aggR genes. (magiran.com)
Some E. coli strains are potentially pathogenic, including enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC), and enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), which may cause intestinal or urologic diseases [ 4 , 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
EHEC), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), ditional and molecular diagnostic methods enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC), and entero- in patients with acute diarrhoea in Hamedan aggregative E. coli (EAEC). (who.int)
The strains positive in PCR for subjected to 6 different PCR reactions tar- pCVD432 were interpreted as EAEC, and geting STEC (stx1 and stx2 genes), ETEC those positive for stx genes as STEC. (who.int)
LT and ST toxin-producing genes), EPEC strains positive in PCR for LT, ST or both (eae gene), and EAEC (pCVD432 plasmid) were considered ETEC. (who.int)

The most common plasmid replicon type overall was IncI1-Iγ followed by multiple IncF replicons. (reading.ac.uk)

In this work, we have studied the transcription of the virulence regulatory genes virB, virF, and hns (virR) in wild-type enteroinvasive E, coli HN280 and in its pINV-integrated derivative HN280/32. (uniroma3.it)

Since extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) strains from human and avian hosts encounter similar challenges in establishing infection in extraintestinal locations, they may share similar contents of virulence genes and capacities to cause disease. (unboundmedicine.com)
According to the differences in pathogenicity, E. coli can be classified into commensal E. coli and pathogenic E. coli [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
Pathogenic E. coli may cause enteritis, urinary tract urethritis, and other diseases in warm-blooded animals [ 4 , 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
Antibiotics have long been considered as the first line of defense to prevent pathogenic E. coli infections. (hindawi.com)
The treatment of pathogenic E. coli infections is becoming complicated because of the rapid emergence and dissemination of antibiotic-resistant strains, which may consequently result in an increasing number of clinical treatment failures in bacterial-mediated diseases and further threaten public health with the possibility of transmission to humans through aerosols, environmental contact or other methods [ 2 , 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
The level of antibiotic resistance among pathogenic and commensal E. coli has steadily increased and has become a global health concern [ 7 , 8 ]. (hindawi.com)

We investigated the occurrence and molecular features of all fosfomycin-resistant E. coli isolated from hospitalized patients during a 12-month period (August 2014-July 2015). (cdc.gov)
Also, the widespread occurrence of plasmids among NMEC strains and members of the mixed cluster suggests that plasmid-mediated virulence in these pathotypes warrants further attention. (unboundmedicine.com)

This mechanism is particularly relevant because it is disseminative and frequently associated with ESBL-producing Escherichia coli . (cdc.gov)
The ESBL-producing E. coli represented 158 different STs with ST131, ST10 and ST88 being the most common. (reading.ac.uk)
ESBL genes were present in a wide variety of E. coli STs. (reading.ac.uk)

Subsequently, the pSC5 plasmid was domesticated for Golden Gate Assembly-a molecular cloning method enabling the simultaneous and directional assembly of multiple desirable DNA fragments into a single piece. (eurekalert.org)

The acquisition of resistance genes through a mechanism involving mobile genetic elements, such as plasmids and transposons, is considered a major contributor to antimicrobial resistance [ 9 , 10 ]. (hindawi.com)

It was originally thought that Escherichia coli, a commonly used laboratory organism, was refractory to transformation. (wikipedia.org)
Two years later in 1972, Stanley Norman Cohen, Annie Chang and Leslie Hsu showed that CaCl 2 treatment is also effective for transformation of plasmid DNA. (wikipedia.org)
Transformation of animal and plant cells was also investigated with the first transgenic mouse being created by injecting a gene for a rat growth hormone into a mouse embryo in 1982. (wikipedia.org)

Please see also FAQ 350 for general information on replication origins and copy numbers of various commonly used plasmids. (qiagen.com)
Before now, these plasmids were more commonly found in pigs and other animals. (medscape.com)

The introduction of pBN1 or of the Delta hns deletion in pINV-integrated strains induces temperature regulated expression or temperature-independent expression, respectively, of beta-galactosidase activity and of all virulence phenotypes, while an increase in virF gene dosage does not, in spite of a high-level induction of virB transcription. (uniroma3.it)
At 30 degrees C, the introduction of the high-copy-number plasmid pMYSH6504 (but not of the low copy-number pHW745) or of the Delta hns deletion induces, in strains harboring an autonomously replicating pINV, P-galactosidase activity, virB transcription, and expression of the virulence phenotypes, indicating that, as for HN280/32, the increase in virF gene dosage overcomes the negative regulatory effect of H-NS on virB transcription. (uniroma3.it)

Here we report the prevalence and mechanisms of fosfomycin resistance among clinical human E. coli strains isolated in Paris, France. (cdc.gov)
In this study, the prevalence, phenotypes, and clonal relationships of Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) strains isolated from minks were investigated. (hindawi.com)

Identify the number of different phenotypes (expected plant heights) that are possible with these three genes. (quizlet.com)

Construction and expression of hybrid plasmids containing the Escherichia coli glyA gene. (yale.edu)
Here we demonstrate that, during brain maturation, the potential of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway is progressively reduced and that such repression is associated with downregulation of apoptotic protease-activating factor-1 (Apaf-1) and caspase-3 gene expression. (jneurosci.org)
pSELECT-zeo plasmids contain two transcription units, the first drives the expression of the gene of interest and the second drives the expression of a Zeocin™ selectable marker. (invivogen.com)
When researchers compared gene expression in normal breast cells and cells from breast cancers, they found that the genes showing the most significant differences in expression encoded signal receptors. (quizlet.com)

Some plasmids are specialized to a particular species. (genomeweb.com)
Others are "very promiscuous [and] can be transferred between different species and at a much higher rate - they really move genes around quite quickly," said Erik Snesrud, a clinical research scientist in the Multidrug-resistant Organism Repository and Surveillance Network (MRSN) at Walter Reed and co-author on the study. (genomeweb.com)
The mcr-1 on transferrable plasmids can instead be passed on to "other strains and other species that they come in contact with in the environment," he said. (genomeweb.com)
Thereafter, five derivative plasmids of M3C1 were created containing the traJ mutation, including the pSuperCon5 (pSC5) plasmid with additional elements for improved conjugative transfer to diverse yeast species and diatoms. (eurekalert.org)
Furthermore, the pSC5 plasmid allowed for successful DNA transfer to seven yeast species, including Candida auris -a known pathogen-albeit with varying levels of efficiency. (eurekalert.org)
Resistance not only evolved, but it evolved independently in almost every instance they tested (using E. coli and Pseudomonas species), taking only 600-700 generations--a relative blip in microbial time. (scienceblogs.com)

By contrast, the insertion mutation on the high-level overexpressing plasmid showed no partial activity and can be considered a true null mutation. (umass.edu)

Treatment of uncomplicated UTIs (acute cystitis) in women caused by susceptible Escherichia coli or Enterococcus faecalis (formerly Streptococcus faecalis ). (drugs.com)
They conferred high resistance to the antibiotics before plasmid curing but became highly susceptible post- plasmid curing. (bvsalud.org)

Plasmid DNA exposed to saliva for 24h was still capable of transforming E. coli to ampicillin resistance, but at low efficiency: 20 cfu (colony forming units) per ml compared with 1.6 x103 cfu per ml after 24h in sterile water. (gmwatch.org)

What is the origin of replication and the plasmid copy number of the pQE vectors? (qiagen.com)
Typically plasmids contain the minimum essential DNA sequences for this purpose, which includes a DNA replication origin, an antibiotic-resistance gene, and a region in which exogenous DNA fragments can be inserted. (addgene.org)

Our results showed that farmed minks could be reservoirs of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli with Class 1 integron cassettes and resistance genes, which were likely to pose a threat to public health. (hindawi.com)

pTA-Mob 2.0 is composed of genetic elements required for plasmid maintenance and transfer, making it ideal for this study. (eurekalert.org)

What was believed to be a routine Escherichia coli urinary tract infection harbored a particular gene making it resistant to colistin , usually viewed as a last-resort antibiotic for the treatment of gram-negative infections. (medscape.com)

Several independent gene clusters containing varying lengths of type I polyketide synthase genes were isolated from 'Streptomyces nanchangensis' NS3226, a producer of nanchangmycin and meilingmycin. (microbiologyresearch.org)
pHZ1358 was shown to be generally useful for generating mutant strains by gene disruption and replacement in NS3226 as well as in several other Streptomyces strains. (microbiologyresearch.org)
The experimental part focus on the model organisms, Bacillus subtilis , Escherichia coli and Streptomyces coelicolor . (lu.se)

In E . coli , the biosynthetic pathway for the production of glycine betaine from choline has been well characterized at the genetic level ( Landfald and Strom, 1986 ). (scialert.net)

ABSTRACT The bla IMP-14 carbapenem resistance gene has largely previously been observed in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. (ox.ac.uk)

However, in 1970, Morton Mandel and Akiko Higa showed that E. coli may be induced to take up DNA from bacteriophage λ without the use of helper phage after treatment with calcium chloride solution. (wikipedia.org)

Those include an antibiotic-free plasmid maintenance system, operator repressor titration (ORT), and cell-lysis technologies ( 2 - 4 ). (bioprocessintl.com)
The pQE-80L vectors have a cis- lacIq gene that overexpresses the lac repressor, in addition to a lacI repressor gene present in trans on a separate pREP4 plasmid. (qiagen.com)

Use of high and low level overexpression plasmids to test mutant alleles of the recF gene of Escherichia coli K-12 for partial activity. (umass.edu)
However, the E. coli cells did not show increased succinate dehydrogenase activity nor did the operon complement a sdhCDAB defective E. coli mutant [7]. (lu.se)
The slight difference in electrophoretic mobility of normal Fp and that produced in E. coli could be due to the absence of covalently FAD but could have another explanation because this difference was not observed for some mutant Fp without covalently bound FAD [3]. (lu.se)

Anatomy4

Organisms21

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs35

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment21

Phenomena and Processes62

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science4

Health Care1

Isolates24

Bacteria27

Colistin resistance3

Conjugation6

Chromosome4

Susceptibility4

Antibiotic resistance genes1

Strain9

Recombinant3

Characterization3

Proteins10

Horizontal transfer1

Another plasmid1

Vector7

Sequence6

Klebsiella3

Salmonella6

Enterobacteriaceae1

Isolate4

Protein6

Mutations4

Cloning vectors1

Shigella2

Bacterial genes2

EAEC9

Replicon1

Enteroinvasive1

Pathogenic6

Occurrence2

ESBL3

Molecular Cloning1

Antimicrobial resistance1

Transformation3

Commonly2

Virulence2

Strains isolated2

Phenotypes1

Expression4

Species6

Mutation1

Susceptible2

Ampicillin resistance1

Replication2

Resistance genes1

Genetic elements1

Urinary tract inf1

Streptomyces3

Biosynthetic1

Abstract1

Phage1

Repressor2

Mutant3