Resistance genesPlasmidAntibioticsTrimethoprim-sulfamethoxazoleBacterialAntimicrobialAntibiotic ampicillinVancomycinPlasmidsStrainsColiMutationsPenicillinBeta-lactamase geneIsolate containedBacteria in the presencePolymerase chain reShRNAKanamycin resistanceTetracyclineGenomeAzithromycinPBR322SequenceOperonProteinsRRNA geneVirulenceHorizontalKnockdownTumorMutationAssayVectorMicroorganismsSingle geneIncorporateGeneticSpecificHumansColistinInfectionsCellsHuman
Resistance genes11
- It contains resistance genes against ampicillin and puromycin. (wikipedia.org)
- Ampicillin and puromycin antibiotic resistance genes provide selection in bacterial or mammalian cells respectively. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- XDR Shigella strains can spread antimicrobial resistance genes to other enteric bacteria. (cdc.gov)
- data are preliminary and based on broth microdilution susceptibility testing and/or presence of resistance genes and mutations found in whole genome sequences of bacterial DNA. (cdc.gov)
- All the Salmonella isolates were subjected to whole genome sequencing, bioinformatics analysis for serovar predictions, multi-locus sequence types, antimicrobial resistance genes, and plasmid types by using the in-house Galaxy platform. (frontiersin.org)
- Furthermore, significant advancements have been achieved in understanding and prediction of antimicrobial resistance of the Salmonella ( 11 , 14 , 18 , 19 ), and the knowledge of the antimicrobial resistance genes and plasmids are improving. (frontiersin.org)
- Shared resistance genes (including blaTEM, strA, and tetB) were documented in both gull and wastewater E. coli samples. (vin.com)
- Twenty ESBL producing strains (15%) including Escherichia coli (n = 9), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 7), Klebsiella oxytoca (n = 2) and Enterobacter aerogenes (n = 2) were detected and further analyzed for their resistance transfer features, plasmid profile and nature of the resistance genes. (scielo.br)
- We developed a DNA microarray for strain typing and detection of major antimicrobial resistance genes of clinically relevant enterobacteria. (biomedcentral.com)
- Antibiotic resistance of the strains, antibiotic resistance genes, and biofilm formation capacity of the strains were evaluated. (bvsalud.org)
- One isolate contained resistance genes for ampicillin and azithromycin. (cdc.gov)
Plasmid12
- Be able to describe the function of 2 important genes on the pBestLuc plasmid. (scienceteacherprogram.org)
- The plasmid pGLO contains an antibiotic-resistance gene, ampR, and the GFP gene is regulated by the control region of the ara operon. (bartleby.com)
- The E. coli then transforms the pBLu plasmid, which carries the genes coding for two identifiable phenotypes. (bartleby.com)
- The mcr-1 gene exists on a plasmid, a small piece of DNA that is capable of moving from one bacterium to another, potentially spreading antibiotic resistance to other bacterial species. (cdc.gov)
- In November 2015, a report from China first described plasmid-mediated colistin-resistance caused by the mcr-1 gene. (cdc.gov)
- The presence of the mcr-1 gene on a plasmid means that colistin resistance can be shared with other more resistant bacteria such as CRE, raising the possibility that untreatable bacteria could develop. (cdc.gov)
- Decreased fluoroquinolone susceptibility and then fluoroquinolone resistance have developed in association with chromosomal mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region of genes encoding DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV and also by plasmid-mediated resistance mechanisms. (nih.gov)
- Plasmid DNA of E. coli carrying a gene coding for ampicillin resistance remained intact for a 2-h period after ingestion, and was still able to transform recipient E. coli cells after this period. (jci.org)
- Plasmid DNA exposed to saliva for 24h was still capable of transforming E. coli to ampicillin resistance, but at low efficiency: 20 cfu (colony forming units) per ml compared with 1.6 x103 cfu per ml after 24h in sterile water. (gmwatch.org)
- The nptII gene in transgenic potato plants coding for kanamycin resistance, transforms naturally competent cells of the soil bacteria Pseudomonas stutzeri and Acinetobacter BD413 (both harboring a plasmid with an nptII gene containing a small deletion (hence nonfunctional) with the same high efficiency as nptII genes on plasmid DNA ( 3x10-5 -1x10-4) despite the presence of a more than 106 fold excess of plant DNA. (gmwatch.org)
- The insulin gene from humans was inserted into a plasmid. (pressbooks.pub)
- In this example, the human insulin gene is inserted into a bacterial plasmid. (pressbooks.pub)
Antibiotics5
- Bacterial sensitivity by disc diffusion was tested with seven antibiotics: ampicillin (10 µg), ciprofloxacin (5 µg), chloramphenicol (30 µg), gentamicin (10 µg), streptomycin (10 µg), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (23.75/1.23 µg), and tetracycline (30 µg). (vin.com)
- The beta-lactamase could hydrolyze both penicillin antibiotics including ampicillin, benzylpenicillin, and carbenicillin as well as cephalosporin antibiotics including nitrocefin, cephalothin, cephaloridine, and cefoperazone. (lu.se)
- Strains were classified as multidrug-resistant (MDR) if they contained genes giving resistance to classical front-line antibiotics ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. (medicalxpress.com)
- The authors also traced the presence of genes conferring resistance to macrolides and quinolones, which are among the most critically important antibiotics for human health. (medicalxpress.com)
- Antibiotics (ampicillin 2 g 4 hourly) were given intravenously for 2 weeks, and then switched to oral moxifloxacin 400 mg od + rifampicin 600 mg/day for 2 weeks, for total treatment duration of 4 weeks. (biomedcentral.com)
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole2
- XDR Shigella bacteria (n=239) are defined as resistant to azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and ampicillin. (cdc.gov)
- Antimicrobial resistance has emerged in Salmonella enterica, initially to the traditional first-line drugs chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. (nih.gov)
Bacterial4
- Furthermore, our group also expected to see inhibited bacterial growth in the LB/amp +pGLO dish as there was ampicillin in the dish, but some of the bacteria were immune as they possessed immunity to the ampicillin. (bartleby.com)
- The bacterial ampicillin resistance gene was also integrated into the host genome. (cbd.int)
- Insect-resistant maize line CG00526-176 contains three bacterial genes: the cry1A(b) specific to lepidopterans, the bar gene conferring tolerance to glufosinate, and a bla gene encoding TEM-1 b-lactamase (ampicillin resistance). (gmwatch.org)
- The bla gene originates from the cloning vector PUC18 and is not expressed in maize, but has bacterial regulatory sequences that would allow it to become functional were it to be transferred back into bacteria. (gmwatch.org)
Antimicrobial3
- Antimicrobial resistance occurs through different mechanisms, which include spontaneous (natural) genetic mutations and horizontal transfer of resistant genes through deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). (who.int)
- This increase poses important problems, including a) the lack of available antimicrobial therapy for VRE infections, because most VRE are also resistant to drugs previously used to treat such infections (e.g., aminoglycosides and ampicillin), and b) the possibility that the vancomycin-resistant genes present in VRE can be transferred to other gram-positive microorganisms (e.g. (cdc.gov)
- Even though they do not cause severe systemic inflammatory responses, such as septic shock, enterococci present a therapeutic challenge because of their resistance to a vast array of antimicrobial drugs, including cell-wall active agents, all commercially available aminoglycosides, penicillin and ampicillin, and vancomycin. (cdc.gov)
Antibiotic ampicillin2
- In our lab today, we want to grow bacteria on plates that contain the antibiotic ampicillin. (scienceteacherprogram.org)
- Our group expected there to be growth in the LB -pGLO dish as the bacteria were not exposed to the antibiotic ampicillin. (bartleby.com)
Vancomycin2
- Methodology: Twenty-nine isolates from inpatients of Mãe de Deus Hospital that were identified and characterized for their susceptibility profile, vancomycin genotype, presence of esp gene, biofilm production, and clonal relationship were collected. (jidc.org)
- Results: All isolates were identified as vancomycin/ampicillin resistant E. faecium carrying the vanA gene. (jidc.org)
Plasmids3
- Thus, transformed E. coli cells containing ampicillin-resistance plasmids can easily be selected simply growing the bacteria in the presence of ampicillin-only the transformed cells survive. (bartleby.com)
- Most of these plasmids were detected to carry both TEM- and SHV-derived genes by PCR, and confirmed by localizing each gene by hybridization assay. (scielo.br)
- The propensity of enterococci to acquire resistance may relate to their ability to participate in various forms of conjugation, which can result in the spread of genes as part of conjugative transposons, pheromone-responsive plasmids, or broad host-range plasmids. (cdc.gov)
Strains5
- Additionally, the colistin-resistant determinant mcr -1 gene was detected in five (4.8%) strains. (frontiersin.org)
- Strains of E. coli that exhibited resistance phenotypes were genetically analyzed to identify the presence of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes. (vin.com)
- Haemophilus influenzae strains in north Lebanon in both invasive and non-invasive disease and to determine the susceptibility pattern and the mechanism of resistance to -lactams [-lactamase-producing strains and -lactamase-negative ampicillin resistant (BLNAR) strains]. (who.int)
- the resistance pattern to -lactams of these strains was determined by using the disc diffusion and E-test methods followed by molecular methods such as PCR of bla et bla genes. (who.int)
- however, some strains have acquired genes that enable them to cause intestinal infection. (msdmanuals.com)
Coli9
- E. coli was artificially induced that became a competent bacteria when it took the pGLO DNA, so it had the ability to have ampicillin resistance and fluoresced when arabinose was present. (bartleby.com)
- The results showed only one E. coli culture had growth and fluoresced which was the pGLO+ E. coli that was grown on the plate with LB, amp +arab, there were only two E. coli cultures that did not grow because the pGLO- E. coli did not have the ampicillin resistance to grow in ampicillin conditions, and the rest of the culture plates showed growth. (bartleby.com)
- Ampicillin is an antibiotic that kills E. coli, so if E. coli, so if E. coli cells contain the ampicillin-resistance gene, the cells can survive exposure to ampicillin since the ampicillin-resistance gene encodes an enzyme that inactivates the antibiotic. (bartleby.com)
- . Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) bacteria carrying the mcr-1 gene were found in a urine sample from a person in Pennsylvania with no recent travel outside of the United States who presented to a clinic with a urinary tract infection. (cdc.gov)
- Most reports to date have identified the mcr-1 gene in E. coli , but it has also been reported from Salmonella species, Shigella sonnei , and Klebsiella pneumoniae . (cdc.gov)
- Foram detectadas vinte cepas produtoras de ESBL, entre as quais Escherichia coli (n=9), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=7), Klebsiella oxytoca (n=2) e Enterobacter aerogenes (n=2), que foram posteriormente analisadas quanto a suas características de transferência de resistência, perfil plasmidial e natureza dos genes de resistência. (scielo.br)
- Two nucleotides were different between the E. coli (Tn3) and H. ducreyi (pCb) genes that affected the amino-acid sequence. (lu.se)
- E. coli strain DH5a was the test micro-organism for horizontal gene transfer. (gmwatch.org)
- Generally, uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC), newborn meningitis-associated E. coli (MNEC) as well as sepsis-associated E. coli (SEPEC) differ in their repertoire of virulence-associated genes from IPEC [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Mutations7
- The K27M and G34R mutations induced several of the same pathways suggesting key shared oncogenic mechanisms including activation of neurogenesis and NOTCH pathway genes. (nature.com)
- Here we report successful gene editing of H3.3K27M and G34R point mutations in human normal brain and pediatric glioma cells, generating pairs of otherwise isogenic cell lines that allowed us to define epigenetic and transcriptomic changes contributing to gliomagenesis in the native genomic context. (nature.com)
- Taken together, our findings suggest striking overlap between putative mechanisms of K27M and G34R mutations and point to increased NOTCH signaling playing a key role in K27M-related gliomagenesis, resulting from aberrant gene derepression due to impaired H3K27me3 deposition at super-enhancers in H3.3 mutant cells. (nature.com)
- To study the transformative effects of oncohistone mutations in human pediatric gliomas in an otherwise isogenic context, we used CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing to revert H3.3K27M mutations in glioma cells back to wild type (WT) while in parallel introducing H3.3K27M and G34R point mutations into human astrocytes and H3.3WT glioma cells (Fig. 1a ). (nature.com)
- For over a century, mutations in the yellow gene, named for its effects on pigmentation, have been known to reduce male mating success. (elifesciences.org)
- Geneticists have long suggested that mutations in insect pigment genes cause changes in the fly's brain because these pigments are made from dopamine, a chemical messenger that acts in the brain. (elifesciences.org)
- For example, gene mutations giving resistance to quinolones have arisen and spread at least 94 times since 1990, with nearly all of these (97%) originating in South Asia. (medicalxpress.com)
Penicillin1
- Gram negative isolates showed high resistance rate of 73.1% to ampicillin and 65.4% to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid while Gram-positive isolates showed high resistant rate of 94.1% to penicillin. (who.int)
Beta-lactamase gene1
- The sequence of the beta-lactamase gene was also determined. (lu.se)
Isolate contained1
- One additional clinical isolate contained a resistance gene for ampicillin. (cdc.gov)
Bacteria in the presence1
- The researchers investigated the survival of DNA from transgenic maize and the transfer of the antibiotic resistance bla gene to bacteria in the presence of saliva, rumen fluid and silage effluent, which are relevant to horizontal gene transfer in the oral cavity, the rumen, and in silage. (gmwatch.org)
Polymerase chain re1
- TEM- and SHV- genes were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and hybridization using specific probes. (scielo.br)
ShRNA3
- Release 1 of the TRC lentiviral shRNA libraries consist of about 35'000 shRNA constructs against 5300 human (25'000 clones) and 2200 mouse genes (10'000 clones). (wikipedia.org)
- The MISSION ® pLKO.1-puro Non-Target shRNA Control Transduction Particles contain an shRNA insert that does not target any known genes from any species, making it useful as a negative control in experiments using the MISSION ® shRNA library clones. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- This allows one to examine the effect of transduction of a short-hairpin on gene expression and interpret the knockdown effect seen with shRNA clones. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Kanamycin resistance1
- The pCR™4-TOPO™ TA vector contains both ampicillin and kanamycin resistance markers and a LacZα-ccdB gene fusion for positive selection and blue/white screening. (thermofisher.com)
Tetracycline1
- Ampicillin, streptomycin, and tetracycline resistant isolates were the most common type of resistance phenotypes in both gull and wastewater isolates. (vin.com)
Genome3
- In terms of the distribution of identified genes in a specific category relative to the whole genome, only the categories of PE/PPE and conserved hypotheticals have statistical significance. (hindawi.com)
- The pat gene inserted was isolated from a common soil fungus, Streptomyces viridochromogenes, and introduced into the soybean genome by particle acceleration (biolistic) transformation. (cbd.int)
- Overlapping virulence-associated gene pools and the high overall genome plasticity often interferes with correct enterobacterial strain typing and risk assessment. (biomedcentral.com)
Azithromycin1
- Sans ordonnance azithromycin pharmacie en ligne en france achat: January 11, 2015, 03:00 para que sirve el zyloprim 300 mg . (propertiesinwestla.com)
PBR3221
- It confirmed that the enzyme belonged to a class A beta-lactamase which had 99% identity to the ampicillin resistance transposon Tn3 of pBR322. (lu.se)
Sequence1
- Here, we identified the coding sequence of the EZH2 gene and characterized its expression pattern in fetal tissues of Duroc pigs at 65- and 90-day postcoitus (dpc). (hindawi.com)
Operon1
- In serotype 4b, gtcA appears to be the first member of a bicistronic operon which includes a gene with homology to Bacillus subtilis rpmE , encoding ribosomal protein L31. (asm.org)
Proteins2
- Polycomb Group (PcG) proteins are a family of protein complex that regulate gene expression, especially repressing gene transcription [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Alternative splicing of gene can generate multiple transcripts and proteins to regulate tissue and organ development [ 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
RRNA gene2
- One hundred eight isolates from both substrates were identified by amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis and/or 16S rRNA gene sequencing and were determined to belong to the following 11 species from the genera: Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, Lactobacillus (L.), and Oenococcus. (who.int)
- Identification was confirmed by (16S)rRNA gene sequencing. (biomedcentral.com)
Virulence2
- One or more virulence genes (including STa, iss, and tsh) were identified in 3/12 (25%) of the antibiotic resistant gull isolates. (vin.com)
- Our approach circumvents misclassifications arising from the application of virulence markers, which are highly affected by horizontal gene transfer. (biomedcentral.com)
Horizontal4
- The evidence for horizontal gene transfer is accumulating. (gmwatch.org)
- In summary, horizontal gene transfer can occur before the DNA is completely broken down, even when the breakdown is rapid, as in the rumen or in silage. (gmwatch.org)
- DNA breakdown is extremely slow in saliva, and hence the oral cavity will be a very important site for horizontal gene transfer. (gmwatch.org)
- Recall that these mechanisms are examples of horizontal gene transfer -the transfer of genetic material between cells of the same generation. (pressbooks.pub)
Knockdown1
- H3.3 mutant gliomas are also particularly sensitive to NOTCH pathway gene knockdown and drug inhibition, reducing their viability in culture. (nature.com)
Tumor8
- More recently, increased expression of NOTCH pathway genes was implicated in some DIPGs and NOTCH path inhibition contributed to reduced tumor growth in culture 14 , but the specificity of these treatments for H3.3 mutant cells remains unclear. (nature.com)
- Since identification of EZH2 in the research of protooncogene product Vav [ 3 ], studies have shown that EZH2 is highly expressed in tumorigenesis, which regulates the expression of tumor suppressor genes, such as in breast cancer, prostate cancer, and lung cancer [ 4 - 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Directly targeting therapeutic suicide gene to a solid tumor is a hopeful approach for cancer gene therapy. (biomedcentral.com)
- Treatment of a solid tumor by an effective vector for a suicide gene remains a challenge. (biomedcentral.com)
- Meanwhile, three human digestive system xenograft tumor models (colorectal cancer colo320, gastric cancer MKN-45 and liver cancer SSMC-7721) and a breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) model were employed to validate the universality of BF-rTK + GCV in solid tumor gene therapy. (biomedcentral.com)
- Survival analysis results of multiple cancer models confirmed that BF-rTK + GCV system has a wide field of application in solid tumor gene therapy. (biomedcentral.com)
- Cancer gene therapy approaches include the direct killing of tumor cells by injecting a therapeutic gene into the tumor cell or employing vaccine strategies to deliver an immunomodulatory gene that stimulates the immune system to recognize tumor antigens [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- The Herpes Simplex Virus thymidine kinase/ganciclovir (HSV-TK + GCV) system is currently one of the best-studied tumor suicide gene therapy systems [ 9 - 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Mutation2
- The yellow flies had a mutation in one specific gene and these mutants did not only look different from normal flies, they behaved differently too. (elifesciences.org)
- The present study aims to discuss the mechanisms of all persister cell formations, circumstances involved, gene mutation, and adoptable strategies against it. (bvsalud.org)
Assay1
- Cefoxitin (30g) was used as surrogate to determine phenotypic methicillin resistance in staphylococcus isolates, and the methicillin resistance ( mec A) gene was detected by conventional PCR assay. (who.int)
Vector1
- The efficiency and robustness of the Gateway mechanism are ideal for this application because once the gene of interest is cloned and confirmed in the entry vector, subsequent transfers using Gateway need not be confirmed again. (igem.org)
Microorganisms1
- CDC laboratories have developed protocols for testing microorganisms for the mcr-1 gene and are performing screening tests to see if people in contact with the patient with mcr-1 might be colonized with this organism. (cdc.gov)
Single gene1
- Gateway is commonly used to facilitate the transfer of a single gene of interest from an entry clone to multiple destination vectors, as shown below. (igem.org)
Incorporate2
- 2) Under the right conditions bacteria have shown the ability to incorporate genes and DNA from its surroundings. (scienceteacherprogram.org)
- How is this a danger to humanity and what sort of genes will bacteria need to incorporate in order to make this world a less than beautiful place to live? (scienceteacherprogram.org)
Genetic1
- Resistance-conferring genes in the 7,658 sequenced genomes were identified using genetic databases. (medicalxpress.com)
Specific2
- In K27M lines, the decrease of H3K27me3 was especially pronounced at super-enhancers of specific gene clusters, including the NOTCH pathway genes. (nature.com)
- Amino acid sequencing of some beta-lactamases has shown that substitution of only a few amino acids in the bla gene leads to high-level resistance against specific cephalosporins. (lu.se)
Humans1
- All isolates (in humans) were resistant to ampicillin. (bvsalud.org)
Colistin2
- The mcr-1 gene makes bacteria resistant to the antibiotic colistin, which is used as a last-resort drug to treat patients with infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria, including carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE). (cdc.gov)
- Given the discovery of mcr-1 in a person in Pennsylvania, CDC reiterates the importance of measures to prevent transmission of antibiotic resistant bacteria, including those resistant to colistin or carrying the mcr-1 gene. (cdc.gov)
Infections1
Cells1
- Relapse infection usually results from resistance to the antibiotic, acquired genes, or persister cells. (bvsalud.org)
Human1
- The RNAi Consortium, or TRC, is a public-private partnership whose mission is to create libraries of small hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) for 15'000 human and 15'000 mouse genes. (wikipedia.org)