factors of the HLA system
- In 2010 the World Health Organization Naming Committee for Factors of the HLA System revised the nomenclature for HLAs. (wikipedia.org)
- The first standardized naming system was established in 1968 by the WHO Nomenclature Committee for Factors of the HLA System. (wikipedia.org)
split antigen
- B51 is a split antigen of the broad antigen B5, and is a sister serotype of B52. (wikipedia.org)
- The serotype is a split antigen serotype also recognized by the broad antigen serotype A28 . (wikidoc.org)
polymorphisms
- Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to type 1 autoimmune hepatitis. (springer.com)
- Frequency and nature of cytokine gene polymorphisms in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis. (springer.com)
- No association could be detected between BD and CD122 gene polymorphisms. (bmj.com)
- The genotypes of three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs10758669, rs7857730, rs10119004) in the JAK2 and four SNPs (rs6503695, rs744166, rs2293152, and rs12948909) in the STAT3 gene were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). (arvojournals.org)
- 5 - 8 Previous studies from our group have shown that polymorphisms for genes encoding small ubiquitin-like modifier 4 (SUMO4), STAT4 , and interleukin (IL)-23R are associated with the susceptibility for BD. (arvojournals.org)
- Three genome-wide association studies have confirmed the central role of the HLA locus in HIV disease progression by identifying two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with steady-state plasma HIV RNA levels ( 1 - 3 ). (jimmunol.org)
amino acid sequence var
- There are 71 alleles, 57 amino acid sequence variants in B51 of which 4 are nulls. (wikipedia.org)
- There are 18 alleles, with 14 amino acid sequence variants in B52. (wikipedia.org)
locus
- Several alleles of B51 (B*5101, B*5108, B*5105, and B*5104) are found in disease, and linkage to markers, D6S285, in the HLA locus was strong (P>0.005). (wikipedia.org)
- For A*02, the α chain is encoded by the HLA-A*02 gene and the β chain is encoded by the B2M locus. (wikipedia.org)
- HLA-A*02 is one particular class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) allele group at the HLA-A locus. (wikipedia.org)
- For A1, the alpha "A" chain are encoded by the HLA-A*01 allele group and the β-chain are encoded by B2M locus. (wikipedia.org)
- While type 1 diabetes shows an extended association on the HLA A1-B8-DR3-DQ2 haplotype, the association appears not to extend beyond the HLA-B locus. (wikipedia.org)
- The second SNP lies 35 kb upstream of the HLA-C locus and is associated with increased expression of both HLA-C mRNA and protein at the cell surface in subjects homozygous for the protective " C " allele ( 1 , 4 ). (jimmunol.org)
major histoco
- Associations between alleles of the major histocompatibility complex and type 1 autoimmune hepatitis. (springer.com)
- An association between class I and II alleles of the major histocompatibility complex and idiopathic chronic urticaria has previously been observed in different populations, but there are still no studies on Brazilian populations in this regard. (scielo.br)
- DNA was extracted from the blood of 42 patients with idiopathic chronic urticaria and major histocompatibility complex classes I and II alleles were determined using the polymerase chain reaction and a laboratory test for oligonucleotide hybridization using a single-filament probe. (scielo.br)
- HLA-B ( major histocompatibility complex, class I, B ) is a human gene that provides instructions for making a protein that plays a critical role in the immune system . (wikipedia.org)
- HLA is the human version of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), a gene family that occurs in many species. (wikipedia.org)
frequencies
- The frequencies of these alleles in patients with chronic urticaria were compared with the frequencies in 1000 genetically unrelated voluntary blood donors from the same region of Brazil. (scielo.br)
5101
- B*5201 likely formed as a result of a gene conversion event between another HLA-B allele and HLA-B*5101. (wikipedia.org)
susceptibility genes
- To date, significant progress has been made towards the identification and functional characterization of HT susceptibility genes. (springer.com)
frequency
- The Yucpa have an HLA-DQ8 frequency of ~80%, the highest DQ allele frequency in the world, this tribe shows little evidence of European genetic introgression, in addition the closest DQ8 frequency in terms of Africa are the isolated !Kung of Namibia. (wikidoc.org)
- In order to identify HLA-B alleles associated with autism in Thai population, we compared the frequency of HLA-B allele in 364 autistic subjects with 952 normal subjects by using a two-stage sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe system (PCR-SSOP) method based on flow-cytometry technology. (hindawi.com)
- We found an increased frequency of mutations in individuals with highly expressed HLA-C alleles, which also correlated with IFN-γ production by HLA-C-restricted CD8 + T cells. (jimmunol.org)
haplotypes
- HLA-DQ1 is a serotype that covers a broad range of HLA-DQ haplotypes. (wikipedia.org)
- In addition, there are several HLA-A*02 haplotypes that appear to contribute heavily to higher or lower viral loads in HIV patients. (wikipedia.org)
- HLA B*48 haplotypes indicate a means of passage to the New World along the Siberian Coast, a possible land route of passage through Beringia or later by boat across the bering strait into the New World. (wikidoc.org)
0103
- 2006, Homozygous Status for HLA-E*0103 Confers Protection from Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease and Transplant-Related Mortality in HLA-Matched Sibling Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Transplantation 2006 82(11) 1436-1440. (usc.edu)
- These data suggest that the homozygous state for HLA-E*0103 allele behaves as a protective genetic factor against aGVHD and TRM and likely contributes to improved survival in HLA-genoidentical bone marrow transplantation. (usc.edu)
- The other alleles, A*0102 and A*0103, may confer specific risks. (wikipedia.org)
serotypes
- As of December 2013, there are 456 alleles identified (mostly by sequence homology) as being A2, of those 27 are nulls, and a large majority have unknown serotypes, although it is highly probable that they will all return A2 serotypes. (wikipedia.org)
proteins
- as of December 2013 there are 456 different HLA-A*02 proteins. (wikipedia.org)
- In essence, every individual's immune system is tuned to the specific set of HLA and self proteins produced by that individual. (wikipedia.org)
- HLA research didn't heat up until the 1980s when a group of researchers finally elucidated the shape of the HLA-A*02 protein (just one of many specific HLA proteins). (wikipedia.org)
- Even more recently, in 2010, the WHO committee responsible for naming all HLA proteins revised their standards for naming to introduce more clarity and specificity in the naming system. (wikipedia.org)
- The HLA complex helps the immune system distinguish the body's own proteins from proteins made by foreign invaders such as viruses and bacteria . (wikipedia.org)
- MHC class I genes provide instructions for making proteins that are present on the surface of almost all cells. (wikipedia.org)
- Human class II major histocompatibility comlex genes and proteins. (springer.com)
variants
- HLA-A*02 is globally common, but particular variants of the allele can be separated by geographic prominence. (wikipedia.org)
viral
- HLA-A*02-C*16 and HLA-A*02-B*45 have been shown to contribute to significantly increased viral loads (greater than 100,000 copies per milliliter). (wikipedia.org)
- Ablation of "tolerance" and induction of diabetes by virus infection in viral antigen transgenic mice. (springer.com)
- Whether individuals with "high" HLA-C expression show a stronger HLA-C-restricted immune response exerting better viral control than that of their counterparts has not been established. (jimmunol.org)
Autoimmunity
- Potential role of molecular mimicry between Helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide and host Lewis blood-group antigens in autoimmunity. (springer.com)
polymorphism
- 2005, Association of HLA-E polymorphism with severe bacterial infection and early transplant-related mortality in matched unrelated bone marrow transplantation. (usc.edu)
- Delayed HIV-1 disease progression is associated with a single nucleotide polymorphism upstream of the HLA-C gene that correlates with differential expression of the HLA-C Ag. (jimmunol.org)
- This polymorphism was recently shown to be a marker for a protective variant in the 3′UTR of HLA-C that disrupts a microRNA binding site, resulting in enhanced HLA-C expression at the cell surface. (jimmunol.org)
class
- The assessment of spontaneous and vaccine-induced CD8+ T cell responses has been limited to a small number of known NY-ESO-1 epitopes presented by MHC class I alleles. (aacrjournals.org)
- Transfection of target cells with NY-ESO-1 combined with different HLA class I alleles confirmed that the NY-ESO-1 peptide was naturally processed and recognized by HLA-B51-restricted CD8+ T cell lines and clones. (aacrjournals.org)
- HLA-E belongs to the HLA class I heavy chain paralogues. (usc.edu)
- HLA-E binds a restricted subset of peptides derived from the leader peptides of other class I molecules. (usc.edu)
- AK098434 - Homo sapiens cDNA FLJ25568 fis, clone JTH03907, highly similar to HLA CLASS I HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGEN, ALPHA CHAIN E E*0101/E*0102 PRECURSOR. (usc.edu)
- AK316327 - Homo sapiens cDNA, FLJ79226 complete cds, highly similar to HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alphachain E precursor. (usc.edu)
- AK225048 - Homo sapiens mRNA for HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain E precursor variant, clone: adKA03449. (usc.edu)
- In humans, the HLA-B gene and two related genes, HLA-A and HLA-C , are the major genes in MHC class I. (wikipedia.org)
- Because of its linkage within the AH8.1 haplotype many studies showed association with A1 or A1,B8 only later to show the association drift toward the class II region gene alleles, DR3 and DQ2.5. (wikipedia.org)
- The previous report demonstrated that Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) alleles are involved in ASD, especially HLA class I molecules playing a vital role in brain development [ 12 - 14 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Ultimately, disease association with genetic factors has often been defined in terms of human leukocyte antigens (HLA), particularly those for the highly polymorphic class I and class II genes. (springer.com)
infection
- Among people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, a version of HLA-B designated HLA-B*5701 is associated with an extreme sensitivity to abacavir . (wikipedia.org)
- Genetically predisposed individuals could be influenced by an environmental trigger (i.e., dietary iodine, infection, pregnancy, cytokine therapy) that induces an autoimmune response against thyroid-specific antigens by infiltrating immune cells. (springer.com)
- This is, to our knowledge, the first in vivo evidence supporting the protective role of HLA-C-restricted responses in nonwhites during HIV infection. (jimmunol.org)
- One is in strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) with HLA-B*5701, an allele strongly associated with good clinical outcome of HIV infection. (jimmunol.org)
- Behçet disease Crohn's disease Fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis Granulomatosis with polyangiitis HLA-B27 related uveitis Juvenile idiopathic arthritis Sarcoidosis Spondyloarthritis Sympathetic ophthalmia Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome Uveitis may be an immune response to fight an infection inside the eye. (wikipedia.org)
tumor cells
- NY-ESO-1 p94-102 specific CD8+ T cells recognized naturally processed NY-ESO-1 presented by HLA-B51+ monocyte-derived dendritic and tumor cells. (aacrjournals.org)
- Clones from three patients with a partial response or stable disease recognized antigens expressed on renal cell carcinoma tumor cells. (aacrjournals.org)
- CD8 + CTL-recognizing minor H antigens on tumor cells can be isolated posttransplant and could contribute to the graft- versus -tumor effect. (aacrjournals.org)
Human
- The association between geographic tongue and psoriasis has been demonstrated in various studies, based on observation of its fundamental lesions, microscopic similarity between the two conditions and the presence of a common genetic marker, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) HLA-C*06. (scielo.br)
- HLA-A*02 (A*02) is a human leukocyte antigen serotype within the HLA-A serotype group. (wikipedia.org)
- Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) began as a list of antigens identified as a result of transplant rejection. (wikipedia.org)
- Susceptibility to autoimmune chronic active hepatitis: human leukocyte antigens DR4 and A1-B8-DR3 are independent risk factors. (springer.com)
- HLA-B is part of a family of genes called the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex. (wikipedia.org)
- Most of the previous reports showed the relationship between the Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) gene and etiology of autism. (hindawi.com)
- HLA disease associations-Models for the study of complex human genetic disorders. (springer.com)
- Biochemical characterization of a second family of human la molecules, HLA-DS, equivalent to murine I-A subregion molecules. (springer.com)
histocompatibility
- This phase I trial assessed the safety, efficacy, and immunologic responses to minor histocompatibility antigens following nonmyeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation as treatment for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. (aacrjournals.org)
- Patients were monitored for donor engraftment of myeloid and lymphoid cells, for clinical response by serial imaging, and for immunologic response by in vitro isolation of donor-derived CD8 + CTLs recognizing recipient minor histocompatibility (H) antigens. (aacrjournals.org)
transplant rejection
- Serotyping can identify as far as HLA-A*02, which is typically enough to prevent transplant rejection (the original motivation for HLA identification). (wikipedia.org)
diseases
- B51 is associated with several diseases, including Behçet's disease. (wikipedia.org)
- HLA-B27 is associated with the spondyloarthropathies , a group of disorders that includes ankylosing spondylitis and other inflammatory joint diseases. (wikipedia.org)
- A1 serotype was associated with a number of diseases as "HL-A"' antigens were first being described. (wikipedia.org)
- A1-B58 haplotype (A1-B17 where B58 is dominant) may remain associated with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) With the exception of type 1 diabetes, most of the evidence for direct association of A1 with autoimmune diseases evaporated as DR3 and DQ2 genes were characterized. (wikipedia.org)
- Yet most HLA-associated diseases (which include infectious diseases and some forms of cancer) do not reveal a simple Mendelian mode of inheritance, either recessive or dominant, are only partially penetrant, and may involve a number of different HLA alleles in addition to non-HLA loci (3). (springer.com)
protective
- Both alleles might have a protective role in disease development. (hindawi.com)
- These findings show that immune pressure on HIV is stronger in subjects with the protective genotype and highlight the potential role of HLA-C-restricted responses in HIV control. (jimmunol.org)
peptides
- This is a significant decrease and is almost certainly a result of the abnormally efficient binding of HLA-A*02 to peptides originating from EBV. (wikipedia.org)
- This high affinity increases the probability of CD8+ t-cell recognition of EBV peptides held by HLA-A*02 complexes. (wikipedia.org)
- Researchers speculate that HLA-B27 may abnormally display to the immune system peptides that trigger arthritis. (wikipedia.org)
spontaneous
- Therefore, NY-ESO-1 p94-102 is a new candidate peptide antigen for cancer immunotherapy and for the monitoring of spontaneous and vaccine-induced NY-ESO-1-specific T cell responses in HLA- B51+ patients with NY-ESO-1 expressing malignancies. (aacrjournals.org)
- The HLA-A*02 antigen has been associated with spontaneous abortion in infertile couples. (wikipedia.org)
association
- We found that in this population group, there was no specific association between the HLA alleles studied and chronic urticaria. (scielo.br)
- In all instances so far, HLA-A1 has been found to be linked to disease by association, but there are few that define HLA-A1 has a predominant genetic risk relative to other gene-alleles in the vicinity of the A1 gene on the larger haplotype. (wikipedia.org)
- Early in the study of HLA an association was found between HL A1,B8 in allergic disease, these are found to link to extended HLA A1-B8 region. (wikipedia.org)
- 1 The HLA-B51 gene shows the strongest association with this disease in a variety of ethnic groups, including Iranians, Koreans, Arabs, and Greeks. (arvojournals.org)
- It is most commonly associated with HLA-B27, which has important features: HLA-B27 AAU can be associated with ocular inflammation alone or in association with systemic disease. (wikipedia.org)
recognition
- The serotype is determined by the antibody recognition of the α2 domain of the HLA-A α-chain. (wikipedia.org)
peptide
- In the illustration on the right, DQ1 serotyping antibodies recognizes the DQ α (magenta), where antibodies to DQA1* gene products bind variable regions close to the peptide binding pocket. (wikipedia.org)
- Using a modified approach we identified the NY-ESO-1 p94-102 peptide as being recognized by CD8+ T cells in the context of HLA- B51. (aacrjournals.org)
- The latter are detected by complementary methods, such as HLA-A2/peptide tetramers, ELISPOT and cytotoxicity assays ( 11 , 12 ). (aacrjournals.org)
- Thus any alteration to the HLA that induces decreased binding to a certain peptide or increased binding to a certain peptide, is expressed as, respectively, increased susceptibility to disease or decreased susceptibility to disease. (wikipedia.org)
responses
- NY-ESO-1 is one of the most immunogenic cancer antigens known to date, inducing humoral and cellular immune responses in a high proportion of patients with advanced NY-ESO-1-expressing cancers. (aacrjournals.org)
group
- There are a large number of alleles within the B*51 allele group. (wikipedia.org)
- There are a number of alleles within the B*52 allele group. (wikipedia.org)
- Among patients with EBV+ HL, only 35.5% of people expressed HLA-A*02 compared to 50.9% in the EBV-HL group and 53% in the control group. (wikipedia.org)
- B*4801 is part of a group of alleles including B*4201 that share Intron 1 sequence with B*0702, which is common over Western and Central Asia, and has a distribution indicating an early and long presence in Eurasian humans. (wikidoc.org)
5801
- Another version, HLA-B*5801, is associated with an increased risk of severe skin reactions in people treated with allopurinol (a drug used to treat gout , which is a form of arthritis caused by uric acid in the joints). (wikipedia.org)
5701
- Although previous studies have reported that − 35 SNP is in LD with HLA-B*5701, several groups have shown that − 35 SNP independently associates with HIV control ( 1 , 4 , 5 ). (jimmunol.org)
contributes
- HLA-DQ beta gene contributes to susceptibility and resistance to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. (springer.com)
uveitis
- However, anterior uveitis is often one of the syndromes associated with HLA-B27. (wikipedia.org)
disease
- Homozygotes of B51 showed considerably high risk for disease indicating a possible gene-dose effect. (wikipedia.org)
- B51 is capable of distinguishing several varieties of disease. (wikipedia.org)
- HLA-B51 is found more frequently in disease that has an eye involvement. (wikipedia.org)
- To date, significant progress has been made in identifying and characterizing those genes involved in the disease. (springer.com)
- HLA and disease 1982-A survey. (springer.com)
clinical
- HLA-B27 AAU has characteristic clinical features including male preponderance, unilateral alternating acute onset, a non-granulomatous appearance, and frequent recurrences, whereas HLA-B27 negative AAU has an equivalent male to female onset, bilateral chronic course, and more frequent granulomatous appearance. (wikipedia.org)
products
- The serotype identifies the more common HLA-B*51 gene products. (wikipedia.org)
- The serotype identifies the more common HLA-B*52 gene products. (wikipedia.org)
Associations
- The associations rapidly expanded to include 'HL-A8' HLA-B8, as the HLA A1 and B8 were found to be commonly linked. (wikipedia.org)
linkage
- HLA-B52 appears to have the strongest linkage to ulcerative colitis in Japan. (wikipedia.org)
Bodmer WF
- For terminology help see: HLA-serotype tutorial) Marsh SG, Albert ED, Bodmer WF, et al. (wikipedia.org)
protein
- HIV produces a protein called Nef that binds to the cytoplasmic tail of HLA-A and B and diverts it to the lysosomes for destruction. (wikipedia.org)
- Other research suggests that joint inflammation characteristic of this disorder may result from improper folding of the HLA-B27 protein or the presence of abnormal forms of the protein on the cell surface. (wikipedia.org)
transplantation
- Eight patients received conditioning with fludarabine and low-dose total body irradiation followed by hematopoietic cell transplantation from an HLA-matched sibling donor. (aacrjournals.org)
- Such antigens may represent therapeutic targets for posttransplant vaccination or adoptive T-cell therapy to augment the antitumor effects of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. (aacrjournals.org)
subset
- Publication Note: This RefSeq record includes a subset of the publications that are available for this gene. (usc.edu)
SUMO4
- However, B51 tends not to be found in ABD when a certain SUMO4 gene variant is involved, and symptoms appear to be milder when HLA-B27 is present. (wikipedia.org)
clones
- CD8 + CTL clones recognizing minor H antigens were isolated from five patients studied. (aacrjournals.org)
infectious
- HLA are not typical antigens, like those found on surface of infectious agents. (wikipedia.org)
immune response
- In essence, there are indicators, albeit from a small study comparing HLA expression in fertile and infertile couples, that HLA-A*02 may induce increased maternal immune response to the fetus. (wikipedia.org)
patients
- Although most patients with ankylosing spondylitis have the HLA-B27 variation, many people with this particular variation never develop the disorder. (wikipedia.org)
tissue antigens
- The most accepted hypothesis proposes that for the initiation of an autoimmune disease, an immune response with pro-inflammatory characteristics needs to be directed against specific tissue antigens in genetically susceptible individuals. (frontiersin.org)
- Tissue Antigens. (wikipedia.org)
serotype
- HLA-" prefix trimmed from serotype names. (wikipedia.org)
- HLA-B51 (B51) is an HLA-B serotype. (wikipedia.org)
- The serotype identifies the more common HLA-B*51 gene products. (wikipedia.org)
- B51 is a split antigen of the broad antigen B5, and is a sister serotype of B52. (wikipedia.org)
- For terminology help see: HLA-serotype tutorial) Marsh SG, Albert ED, Bodmer WF, et al. (wikipedia.org)
- HLA-DQ1 is a serotype that covers a broad range of HLA-DQ haplotypes. (wikipedia.org)
- The serotype is positive in individuals who bear the DQA1*01 alleles. (wikipedia.org)
- HLA-A*02 (A*02) is a human leukocyte antigen serotype within the HLA-A serotype group. (wikipedia.org)
- The serotype is determined by the antibody recognition of the α2 domain of the HLA-A α-chain. (wikipedia.org)
- A1 serotype was associated with a number of diseases as "HL-A"' antigens were first being described. (wikipedia.org)
- The serotype identifies the more common HLA-B*52 gene products. (wikipedia.org)
highly polymorphic
- HLA class I antigens are encoded by a family of highly polymorphic genes, with each allele responsible for a different repertoire of antigen presentation. (beds.ac.uk)
- Ultimately, disease association with genetic factors has often been defined in terms of human leukocyte antigens (HLA), particularly those for the highly polymorphic class I and class II genes. (springer.com)
susceptibility
- 2 - 4 Additionally, genes encoding TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-12 have also been associated with susceptibility to BD. (arvojournals.org)
- HLA-DQ beta gene contributes to susceptibility and resistance to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. (springer.com)
- This is the first report on HLA-B associated with Thai autism and may serve as a marker for genetic susceptibility to autism in Thai population. (hindawi.com)
- Thus any alteration to the HLA that induces decreased binding to a certain peptide or increased binding to a certain peptide, is expressed as, respectively, increased susceptibility to disease or decreased susceptibility to disease. (wikipedia.org)
renal cell carc
- Dannenmann SR, Hermanns T, Bransi A, Matter C, von Boehmer L, Stevanovic S, Schraml P, Moch H, Knuth A, van den Broek M (2013) Spontaneous peripheral T cell responses towards the tumor-associated antigen Cyclin D1 in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. (immunology-tuebingen.de)
- This phase I trial assessed the safety, efficacy, and immunologic responses to minor histocompatibility antigens following nonmyeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation as treatment for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. (aacrjournals.org)
Serotypes
- As of December 2013, there are 456 alleles identified (mostly by sequence homology) as being A2, of those 27 are nulls, and a large majority have unknown serotypes, although it is highly probable that they will all return A2 serotypes. (wikipedia.org)
Haplotype
- Because of its linkage within the AH8.1 haplotype many studies showed association with A1 or A1,B8 only later to show the association drift toward the class II region gene alleles, DR3 and DQ2.5. (wikipedia.org)
- In all instances so far, HLA-A1 has been found to be linked to disease by association, but there are few that define HLA-A1 has a predominant genetic risk relative to other gene-alleles in the vicinity of the A1 gene on the larger haplotype. (wikipedia.org)
- A1-B58 haplotype (A1-B17 where B58 is dominant) may remain associated with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) With the exception of type 1 diabetes, most of the evidence for direct association of A1 with autoimmune diseases evaporated as DR3 and DQ2 genes were characterized. (wikipedia.org)
epitopes
- The assessment of spontaneous and vaccine-induced CD8+ T cell responses has been limited to a small number of known NY-ESO-1 epitopes presented by MHC class I alleles. (aacrjournals.org)
Genotype
- The χ 2 test was performed to compare allele and genotype distributions and Bonferroni correction was applied for multiple comparisons. (arvojournals.org)
subtypes
- for example, at least 28 very similar alleles are subtypes of HLA-B27. (wikipedia.org)
- These subtypes are designated as HLA-B*2701 to HLA-B*2728. (wikipedia.org)
- Influence of HLA-B27 Subtypes on Ankylosing Spondylitis Phenotype: Comment on the Article by Akassou et al، Sasan Fallahi1 , 2 ، در Clinical Medicine Insights: Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Disorders Volume 11: 1، سال چاپ 2018. (ac.ir)
genetic
- The association between geographic tongue and psoriasis has been demonstrated in various studies, based on observation of its fundamental lesions, microscopic similarity between the two conditions and the presence of a common genetic marker, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) HLA-C*06. (scielo.br)
- HLA disease associations-Models for the study of complex human genetic disorders. (springer.com)
- Genes can further be separated by genetic sequencing and analysis. (wikipedia.org)
molecules
- Biochemical characterization of a second family of human la molecules, HLA-DS, equivalent to murine I-A subregion molecules. (springer.com)
- The previous report demonstrated that Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) alleles are involved in ASD, especially HLA class I molecules playing a vital role in brain development [ 12 - 14 ]. (hindawi.com)
human
- Previous studies indicate that alterations in Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) class I expression are frequent in colorectal tumors. (beds.ac.uk)
- HLA-B is part of a family of genes called the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex. (wikipedia.org)
- Human endogenous retrovirus env genes: Potential blood biomarkers in lung cancer، Mokhtar Zarea , Shayan Mostafaeib , Ali Ahmadic , Sadegh Azimzadeh Jamalkandid , Atefeh Abedinie , Zahra Esfahani-Monfarede , Ruhollah Dorostkarf , ∗ , Mojtaba Saadatia , ∗∗ ، در Microbial Pathogenesis، سال چاپ 2018. (ac.ir)
- Most of the previous reports showed the relationship between the Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) gene and etiology of autism. (hindawi.com)
- We found that short tandem repeat (STR) analysis, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genomic analysis, mitochondrial DNA sequencing, and gene expression analysis by microarray can be used to fully describe any hESC culture in terms of its identity, stability, and undifferentiated state. (biomedcentral.com)
phenotype
- Alterations in HLA class I phenotype were observed in 8 (38%) of the 21 tumors and comprised loss of a single A or B alleles in 4 cases, and loss of all four A and B alleles in the other 4 cases. (beds.ac.uk)
- Seven of these 8 tumors were located on the right side of the colon, and those showing loss of both HLA-A and -B membranous expression were all of the MSI-H phenotype. (beds.ac.uk)
- Hence, an effective tumor immune escape mechanism could occur through a subtle alteration of the tumor cell HLA phenotype, circumventing both CTL and NK cell attack. (beds.ac.uk)
- A recent study of DR3-DQ2/DR4-DQ8 phenotype found that A1-cw7-B8 was actually lower than expected relative to other A-B types, indicating that risk associated genes are located between B8 and DR3. (wikipedia.org)
susceptible
- Many susceptible causative genes have been identified. (hindawi.com)
cytoplasmic
- HLA staining by IHC is often strongly cytoplasmic, which could potentially obscure functionally relevant membranous co-expression and result in a false negative interpretation. (beds.ac.uk)
- HIV produces a protein called Nef that binds to the cytoplasmic tail of HLA-A and B and diverts it to the lysosomes for destruction. (wikipedia.org)
ocular
- It is most commonly associated with HLA-B27, which has important features: HLA-B27 AAU can be associated with ocular inflammation alone or in association with systemic disease. (wikipedia.org)
strongest
- HLA-B52 appears to have the strongest linkage to ulcerative colitis in Japan. (wikipedia.org)
Thus
- Thus, even the loss of a single allele could potentially allow the escape from an antigen-specific anti-tumor response. (beds.ac.uk)
found
- HLA-B51 is found more frequently in disease that has an eye involvement. (wikipedia.org)
- The MICA*009 allele has been found to also associated with ABD when B51 is also present, IL-8 and other cytokines may also be involved. (wikipedia.org)
- The associations rapidly expanded to include 'HL-A8' HLA-B8, as the HLA A1 and B8 were found to be commonly linked. (wikipedia.org)
- In Hodgkin's lymphoma HLA-A1, but DR3 was not found higher. (wikipedia.org)
- HLA are not typical antigens, like those found on surface of infectious agents. (wikipedia.org)
expression
- Distinct patterns of HLA surface expression might conceal different immune escape mechanisms employed by the tumors and are worth further study. (beds.ac.uk)
- Vogel R, Al-Daccak R, Drews O, Alonzeau J, Mester G, Charron D, Stevanovic S, Mallet J (2013) Mass spectrometry reveals changes in MHC I antigen presentation after lentivector expression of a gene regulation system. (immunology-tuebingen.de)
- 19. Farhadi N , Doosti A, Mohammadi J, Mohammadi R. Effects of orally-administered melatonin and long-term exposure to light and dark on serum indices and gene expression of insulin and glucagon in male Wistar rats. (ac.ir)
- In essence, there are indicators, albeit from a small study comparing HLA expression in fertile and infertile couples, that HLA-A*02 may induce increased maternal immune response to the fetus. (wikipedia.org)
presence
- Other research suggests that joint inflammation characteristic of this disorder may result from improper folding of the HLA-B27 protein or the presence of abnormal forms of the protein on the cell surface. (wikipedia.org)
different
- The HLA-B gene has many different normal variations, allowing each person's immune system to react to a wide range of foreign invaders. (wikipedia.org)
individuals
- Individuals who have HLA-B*1502 are more likely to experience a severe skin disorder called Stevens-Johnson syndrome in response to carbamazepine (a drug used to treat seizures). (wikipedia.org)
peripheral
- HLA-A*02 appears to stimulate peripheral blood mononuclear cells in a manner that inhibits HIV replication. (wikipedia.org)