• In combination with subsequent co-expression of the tomato immune receptor Ve1 and the corresponding Verticillium effector Ave1 through Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transient transformation (agroinfiltration), we established a rapid system for assessing the requirement of candidate plant genes for Ve1-mediated immune signaling. (wur.nl)
  • The effects of a maize knotted1 ( kn1) gene under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter on genetic transformation efficiencies of six citrus genotypes were tested. (springer.com)
  • Our results demonstrate that expression of the kn1 gene enhances transformation efficiencies from 3 to 15 fold compared to a control vector, 3-11 fold relative to the highest transformation efficiencies reported for these citrus genotypes. (springer.com)
  • With all six genotypes of citrus tested including Eureka lemon, a cultivar difficult to be transformed, our results demonstrate that the kn1 gene may provide an effective molecular tool to enhance genetic transformation efficiencies of various citrus varieties. (springer.com)
  • High transformation efficiency of citrus is of great importance for large scale characterization of gene functions and also cultivar development via transgenic and genome editing technologies. (springer.com)
  • The PAT encoding gene (bar) was introduced into the soybean genome by micro-particle acceleration (biolistic) transformation, and the resulting soybean lines displayed field tolerance to phosphinothricin-containing herbicides, thereby permitting farmers to use this herbicide for weed control in soybean cultivation. (cbd.int)
  • The success of transformation was checked by PCR and evaluation of gene expression was performed by analyzing the starch content. (isaaa.org)
  • Serra O. (2021) Gene Downregulation in Potato Roots Using Agrobacterium rhizogenes -Mediated Transformation. (udg.edu)
  • Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Agrobacterium rhizogenes -mediated transformation of potato and the promoter activity of a suberin gene by GUS staining. (udg.edu)
  • In the study reported here, the potato cultivar Aviva was transformed with a cytosolic Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase gene from Arabidopsis thaliana using Agrobacterium-mediated gene transformation. (scielo.org.za)
  • This study aims to speed up the process of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of cucumber. (researchsquare.com)
  • Thus, an effective protocol for Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation of cucumber was optimized. (researchsquare.com)
  • In pursuit of this vision, Veena went on to study at Purdue University and the Danforth Center, focusing on the molecular basis of Agrobacterium -mediated transformation to improve the efficiency of genetic transformation of economically important plants and to prevent crown gall disease on grape and other susceptible plant species. (danforthcenter.org)
  • While at Monsanto (now Bayer) as a Senior Scientist, she contributed towards the development of novel, high-throughput tools for the evaluation of genes, promoter elements for binary vectors, genome-modification technologies for the plant transformation pipeline, and the establishment of the selectable-marker free transgenic pipeline. (danforthcenter.org)
  • Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain, LBA4404 with pCAMBIA1303 vector and construct pCAMBIA1303 TPS1 were individually used for transformation. (ias.ac.in)
  • Plasmid stabilization/stability protein-encoding genes were observed in some plasmids but were not established for participating in plasmid segregation. (frontiersin.org)
  • Advantage has been taken of the natural ability of Agrobacterium to transfer plasmid DNA into the nuclei of susceptible plant cells. (jrank.org)
  • Agrobacterium cells with a genetically-modified plasmid, containing a gene for the desired trait and a marker gene, usually conferring antibiotic resistance, are incubated with protoplasts or small pieces of plant tissue. (jrank.org)
  • Understanding the presence of plasmid vectors requires an appreciation of the basics of gene-editing, which, confusingly, are considerably distinct from what the word 'editing' means in ordinary English. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • The strain carried the pCAMBIA2300s plasmid, a double vector with the marker gene neomycin phosphotransferase II (npt II). (researchsquare.com)
  • The Agrobacterium transfers DNA to plants through part of a large tumour inducing (Ti-)plasmid. (biobasedpress.eu)
  • Agrobacterium tumefaciens and A. rhizogenes are soil bacteria that infect plant roots, causing crown gall or "hairy roots" diseases. (jrank.org)
  • Ssiv gene was inserted into pK7WG2D-35S:SSIV:T35S vector. (isaaa.org)
  • Afterward, this new vector was transformed into tobacco plants using Agrobacterium tumefaciens . (isaaa.org)
  • This method has proven valuable for maize, rice, and sugar cane, species that are outside the host range for vector transfer by Agrobacterium . (jrank.org)
  • Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA 4404 carrying a binary vector pCAMBIA1301 harboring the CaMV35S promoter driven modified GUS gene was used. (ajol.info)
  • driven by the 35S promoter was singly transformed into two lettuce cultivars, Cobham Gree and Diana, using the binary vector system of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. (tubitak.gov.tr)
  • Single, segregating flank-tagged T3-generation T-DNA lines generated by vacuum infiltration of Columbia (Col) plants with Agrobacterium tumefaciens vector pROK2. (arabidopsis.info)
  • Nuclear Markers Reveal Predominantly North to South Gene Flow in Ixodes scapularis, the Tick Vector of the Lyme Disease Spirochete. (cdc.gov)
  • Replication genes were not identified in some plasmids, a situation that has led to the possibility of host interaction involvement. (frontiersin.org)
  • Some plasmids were also void of par genes and intriguingly, repA gene was also not discovered in these plasmids. (frontiersin.org)
  • Conjugation genes were identified portraying the conjugation ability amongst Pandoraea plasmids. (frontiersin.org)
  • Additionally, we found a shared region amongst some of the plasmids that consists of conjugation genes. (frontiersin.org)
  • The identification of genes involved in replication, segregation, toxin-antitoxin systems and conjugation, would aid the design of drugs to prevent the survival or transmission of plasmids carrying pathogenic properties. (frontiersin.org)
  • Additionally, genes conferring virulence and antibiotic resistance were identified amongst the plasmids. (frontiersin.org)
  • The ubiquitous grapevine-associated octopine/cucumopine Ti plasmids of biotype III Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains carry two T regions, TA and TB, with a complex oncogene arrangement. (nih.gov)
  • Since then, we have continued to warn our regulators that the CaMV 35S promoter will be extra prone to spread by horizontal gene transfer and recombination [7-9]. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • The procedure, in which bone marrow cells are genetically modified outside the body and re-implanted, was previously thought to avoid creating infectious viruses and causing cancer, both recognized major hazards of gene therapy. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • The comments, "it is extremely unlikely that genes from genetically modified (GM) food can end up in bacteria in the gut of people who eat them", and "the findings had been assessed by several Government experts who had ruled that humans were not at risk", are seriously misleading. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • Callus extracts of two independent T-DNA mutant rice which have T-DNA insertions at the same gene on chromosome 6 but in different exons showed highly reduced band intensity on a western blots using an anti-Lewis a antibody. (bvsalud.org)
  • GM corn and cotton contain bacterial genes that kill insects and confer herbicide-resistance on the crops. (jrank.org)
  • The company produces the herbicide Roundup, and also seeds whose genes have been engineered to survive Roundup's active plant-killing ingredient. (popsci.com)
  • As prominent GMO opponent and biologist, Dr Mae-Wan Ho of the Institute of Science in London has noted, companies such as Monsanto build into their seeds herbicide-tolerance (HT) due to glyphosate-insensitive form of the gene coding for the enzyme targeted by the herbicide. (infiniteunknown.net)
  • The bar coding sequence is under control of Arabidopsis thaliana ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase small subunit ( rbcS ) protomer and A. tumefaciens transcript 7 gene 3' untranslated region. (cbd.int)
  • Terminator: native terminator from the FB_MR5 gene. (admin.ch)
  • Another challenge to using transgenic plant technology in citrus is the long juvenile phase of immature tissues that ranges from 5 to 20 years, which greatly delays analysis of the effects of candidate genes. (springer.com)
  • I therefore characterized three GalT candidate genes on different chromosomes in Oryza sativa. (bvsalud.org)
  • Plant genomes can be engineered by physical methods or by use of Agrobacterium for the delivery of sequences hosted in T-DNA binary vectors. (wikipedia.org)
  • The sequence of the Ex4 fused to CTB subunit gene, with Bam HI and Sac I restriction enzymes sites at the beginning of CTB and at the end of EX4 gene. (ac.ir)
  • A gene encoding L-serine dehydrogenase (L-SerDH) that exhibits extremely low sequence identity to the Agrobacterium tumefaciens L-SerDH was identified in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrobaculum calidifontis. (rcsb.org)
  • The transformed lines were analyzed using PCR for marker sequence and gusA gene expression by GUS activity assays. (ajol.info)
  • We published another article about CRISPR gene editing in crop improvement ( https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/HS1334 ). (ufl.edu)
  • Figueras, M. & Stark R.E. (2021) A chemical window into the impact of RNAi silencing of the StNAC103 gene in potato tuber periderms: Soluble metabolites, suberized cell walls, and antibacterial defense. (udg.edu)
  • Antibiotic resistance genes spreading to pathogenic bacteria. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • The impact is enhanced if coupled with the presence of functional genes for antibiotic resistance. (frontiersin.org)
  • Each of Recombinetics' calves possessed two antibiotic resistance genes, along with other segments of superfluous bacterial DNA. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • This involves luck as much as careful searching - Monsanto first produced "Roundup Ready" glyphosate-tolerant plants using a gene from bacteria found growing near a Roundup factory. (popsci.com)
  • Disease-associated genes spreading and recombining to create new viruses and bacteria that cause diseases. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • That part, the T(ransfer)-DNA, contains the genes responsible for growth of the tumour if they come to expression in the plant cells. (biobasedpress.eu)
  • 𝛽-Glucuronidase (GUS) expression in the seedlings and spikelets of emerging cob was the first indication of transformability in T 0 generation which was further confirmed by PCR analysis using hpt and TPS1 gene-specific primers. (ias.ac.in)
  • Transgene expression in tick cells using Agrobacterium tumefaciens. (cdc.gov)
  • An example is when a gene from a soil bacterium (Bt) was spliced into corn DNA to create an insect-resistant corn. (popsci.com)
  • The enzyme is derived from soil bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens . (infiniteunknown.net)
  • Insect-resistance is due to one or more toxin genes derived from the soil bacterium Bt ( Bacillus thuringiensis ). (infiniteunknown.net)
  • genes are duplicated in a host bacterium" (Pence, 1998, p. 11). (echeat.com)
  • We conclude that the TA-iaaM gene of 'large TA' strains is specifically required to counteract the tumour growth inhibiting activity of the T-ipt gene. (nih.gov)
  • Transcription of the Ex4 fused to cholera toxin B subunit gene in leaves was confirmed by RT-PCR analysis. (ac.ir)
  • She was working on functional characterization of gene called glyoxalase I. In mammals, this gene was understood to be involved in Alzheimer's and cancer, but no one knew what this gene did in plants. (danforthcenter.org)
  • Glufosinate tolerance in W62 and W98 soybean lines is the result of introducing a gene encoding the enzyme phosphinothricin-N-acetyltransferase (PAT) isolated from the common aerobic soil actinomycete, Streptomyces hygroscopicus, the same organism from which glufosinate was originally isolated. (cbd.int)
  • When the gene is overexpressed in a plant, it can tolerate adverse soil conditions. (danforthcenter.org)
  • Transgenic plants expressing the WMV II CP gene generally showed better protection against these potyviruses than those expressing the ZYMV CP gene. (apsnet.org)
  • Given this and other reports, it appears that transgenic plants that express a potyvirus CP gene will show at least a noticeable level of protection against symptom development when challenged by other potyviruses. (apsnet.org)
  • This approach is known as 'CRISPR' gene editing. (ufl.edu)
  • We anticipate that, over the next decade, CRISPR and other gene editing techniques will be used to rapidly develop elite strawberry varieties with improved disease resistance, fruit quality, and other valuable attributes. (ufl.edu)
  • What is CRISPR gene editing? (ufl.edu)
  • CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) is one form of gene editing that can be used to precisely modify a gene of interest without otherwise compromising the favorable traits of an elite variety (Rani et al. (ufl.edu)
  • By using CRISPR technology, these genes or gene variants can be moved into desirable genetic backgrounds that can be further moved via conventional crossing in later generations. (ufl.edu)
  • Does CRISPR gene editing = transgenic technology? (ufl.edu)
  • In higher plants, starch synthase ( SS ) enzymes are encoded by five gene groups called GBL (granule-bound starch synthase), SSI, SSII, SSIII, and SSIV . (isaaa.org)
  • Based on policy discussions, it is possible that the first-generation plants containing the edited genes will not require extensive regulation, and these tools will be extremely valuable in the long-term efforts of every strawberry breeding program. (ufl.edu)
  • Most recently, the potential for plant breeding has advanced significantly, with the advent of methods for the incorporation of genes from other organisms into plants via recombinant DNA-techniques. (jrank.org)
  • The gene encoding Bt, as well as genes conferring resistance to viral diseases, have been introduced into plants by this method. (jrank.org)
  • Transgenic N. benthamiana plants expressing the CP gene of WMV II or ZYMV showed protection against symptom development when inoculated with WMV II and six other potyviruses: bean yellow mosaic (BYMV), potato Y (PVY), pea mosaic (PeaMV), clover yellow vein (CYVV), pepper mottle (PeMV), and tobacco etch (TEV). (apsnet.org)
  • Seeds of rice lines that had T-DNA insertions in regions corresponding to individual putative GalT genes were obtained from a Rice Functional Genomic Express Database and plants grown until maturity. (bvsalud.org)
  • However, just as each cultivar has different traits and qualities, they also behave differently with respect to introduction of new genes. (ufl.edu)
  • Now the vast majority of this country's soybeans, corn, sugar beets and canola possess those engineered genes. (popsci.com)
  • For example, instead of breeding for many years to move a disease resistance gene from a wild strawberry into a modern strawberry, gene editing allows a direct introduction of the genetic information. (ufl.edu)
  • Potatoes carry the Bt gene to kill the Colorado potato beetle and a viral gene that protects the potato from a virus spread by aphids . (jrank.org)
  • The kn1 gene construct was used to transform 'Pineapple', 'Hamlin', 'Sucarri' and 'Valencia' sweet orange [ Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck], 'Carrizo' Citrange [ Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck × Poncirus trifoliate (L.) Raf. (springer.com)
  • They imply, at the very least, the need for strong measures to prevent contamination by stray DNA, along with thorough scrutiny of gene-edited cells and gene-edited organisms. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • Since then traits including dwarfing genes and rust resistance have been introduced in that manner. (wikipedia.org)
  • Recent technology has been developed to precisely engineer genes for traits of interest. (ufl.edu)
  • The UF/IFAS strawberry breeding program has identified several important gene regions controlling disease resistance traits that are directly relevant to Florida growers. (ufl.edu)
  • That inserted DNA comes with tools that the organism can use to turn the simple gene code (which is in essence an instruction manual) into RNA, and finally, into a protein. (popsci.com)
  • The avirulence of the TA-iaaM- mutant was shown to be due to an inhibitory effect of the T-ipt gene, since a TA-iaaM-/T-ipt- double mutant was fully virulent. (nih.gov)
  • The risk of cancer is highlighted by the recent report that gene therapy - genetic modification of human cells - claimed its first cancer victim [4]. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • Two methods have been developed for direct gene transfer into plant cells-electroporation and biolistics. (jrank.org)
  • I-SIS submitted written questions to the upcoming 'Open Meeting' of the Advisory Committee for Novel Food Products (ACNFP) in which horizontal gene transfer is to be discussed. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • Horizontal gene transfer is one of the most serious, if not the most serious hazard of transgenic technology. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • Transgenic DNA is in many respects optimised for horizontal gene transfer. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • Early indications suggest that gene editing should be regulated like conventionally bred crops, as the final product can simply match what may be done by conventional breeding. (ufl.edu)
  • In 1970 Hamilton Smith's lab discovered restriction enzymes that allowed DNA to be cut at specific places, enabling scientists to isolate genes from an organism's genome. (wikipedia.org)
  • Increasing starch yield using gene technology is one of the most important research priorities and is of primary interest to scientists. (isaaa.org)
  • In the standard method, a piece of DNA is inserted into cells, sometimes with a gene gun, and sometimes via a specialized bug called Agrobacterium tumefaciens . (popsci.com)
  • The gene-editing of DNA inside living cells is considered by many to be the preeminent technological breakthrough of the new millennium. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • In this study, ssiv gene from the KM140 cassava was isolated. (isaaa.org)
  • To study the role of each gene in the pTiTm4 context, several single and multiple pTiTm4 mutations were constructed. (nih.gov)
  • GM squash contains viral genes that confer resistance to viruses. (jrank.org)
  • Gene editing technology can be used to almost surgically adjust the gene or genes behind that deleterious trait. (ufl.edu)
  • There are many applications of plant gene technology now, and opportunities abound. (biobasedpress.eu)
  • An essential ingredient of plant gene technology is cell and tissue culture. (biobasedpress.eu)
  • Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is a rapid method for transient silencing of plant genes. (wur.nl)
  • For most commercial applications gene-editing's appeal is simplicity and precision: it alters genomes at precise sites and without inserting foreign DNA. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • Characterization of DNA and chromatin structures at Agrobacterium TDNA integration sites generated under non-selective conditions. (danforthcenter.org)