• Later, numerous disorders caused by mutations in the nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial proteins were found. (nih.gov)
  • A group of these diseases are due to defects of mitochondrial carriers, a family of proteins named solute carrier family 25 (SLC25), that transport a variety of solutes such as the reagents of ATP synthase (ATP, ADP, and phosphate), tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, cofactors, amino acids, and carnitine esters of fatty acids. (nih.gov)
  • Predisposition to PGL is due to inheritance of surprising mutations - errors in the nuclear genes that encode subunits of the mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) complex, part of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle of oxidative energy metabolism. (mayo.edu)
  • Transcriptional profiling showed downregulation of genes involved in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and the tricarboxylic-acid cycle and increased expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) genes in SAT in T2D, whereas genes involved in proteasomal degradation were upregulated in the skeletal muscle in T2D. (sdu.dk)
  • Phylogenetic analyses based on DNA sequences of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA and COI genes supported the new species as an independent lineage. (bvsalud.org)
  • High-resolution melting curve (HRM) analysis of the mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA gene was performed to determine the maternal species. (bvsalud.org)
  • [ 11 ] In the CALERIE phase 1 study, however, we demonstrated that 6 months of 25% CR in healthy human s increased the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number. (medscape.com)
  • [ 12 ] The activity of key mitochondrial enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, β-oxidation, and the electron transport system, conversely, were unchanged, [ 12 ] leaving many unanswered questions regarding the effects of CR on muscle-specific mitochondrial function in humans. (medscape.com)
  • Pithukpakorn M. Disorders of pyruvate metabolism and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Citrate synthase encodes the first enzyme of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and is highly conserved among all Rickettsia species, serving as a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) target to identify any rickettsial infection. (cdc.gov)
  • It is also one of the few metabolites that can act as a precursor to other metabolites of both the urea cycle and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. (hmdb.ca)
  • The objective of this research is to identify genes associated to desiccation-rehydration cycle in the transcriptome of H. cruentum to better understand the genetic dynamics behind its desiccation tolerance mechanism. (frontiersin.org)
  • Succinate is an essential intermediate of the tricarboxylic acid cycle that exerts pleiotropic roles beyond metabolism in both physiological and pathological conditions. (haematologica.org)
  • The metabolite succinate or succinic acid is at the hub of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and it is mainly produced by succinyl coenzyme A synthetase from succinyl coenzyme A, in a reversible reaction that generally occurs under aerobic conditions ( Figure 1 ). (haematologica.org)
  • Succinate is an intermediate of several metabolic pathways, i.e. tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle under normoxic conditions (blue lines), and glutamine-dependent anerplerosis and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) shunt under anaerobic conditions (red lines). (haematologica.org)
  • Its genomic and transcriptomic analyses have revealed that it possesses many genes that are involved in methane metabolism and secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathways, including the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, the ribulose monophosphate (RuMP) cycle, the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas (EMP) pathway, the pentose phosphate (PP) pathway, the Entener-Doudoroff (EDD) pathway, and the methylerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway [ 10 , 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is a Krebs tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of citrate from oxaloacetate and acetyl coenzyme A. The enzyme is found in nearly all cells capable of oxidative metabolism. (thermofisher.com)
  • We found that the tricarboxylic acid cycle-associated enzyme α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) dehydrogenase (KGDH) entered the nucleus, where it interacted with various JMJs to regulate α-KG-dependent histone demethylations by JMJs, and thus controlled genome-wide gene expression in plants. (bvsalud.org)
  • Tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) intermediates, such as citrate, isocitrate and fumarate also increased upon EPO expression. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • In normal cells, glucose participates in cellular energy production through glycolysis as well as through its complete catabolism via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). (hindawi.com)
  • When oxygen is limited, as in muscles that have undergone prolonged exercise, pyruvate is not consumed in the TCA cycle but is rather converted into lactic acid by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in a process termed anaerobic glycolysis. (hindawi.com)
  • STARD12 co-expressed genes participated in cell cycle and DNA replication, and STARD14 were enriched in ECM-receptor interaction. (medsci.org)
  • Pyruvate enters the tricarboxylic acid cycle to generate energy. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Under low-oxygen conditions, pyruvate does not enter the tricarboxylic acid cycle, but is instead metabolized to lactate. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Particular focus is given to the role of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and its participation within various biological processes. (helsinki.fi)
  • Thioredoxin, a master regulator of the tricarboxylic acid cycle in plant mitochondria. (helsinki.fi)
  • In silico simulation of a genome-scale metabolic model ( i ZX637) further verified that pyruvate carboxylase ( pyc ) via the reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle strengthened carbon flux for PMA synthesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It represses the expression of genes involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle while promoting expression of genes involved in electron transfer chain. (lu.se)
  • Andersen et al suggested that this limitation results from glycolytic flux impairment, which causes a "metabolic bottleneck" in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. (medscape.com)
  • Complex II (Succinate-ubiquinone oxidoreductase) is an importnat enzyme complex for the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the aerobic respiratory chain of motochondria and procaryotic organisms (12, 24). (bvsalud.org)
  • At T1, the significantly more abundant enzyme-coding genes were related to threonine metabolism and those genes related to the glycolytic pathway, explained by the abundance of sugars in the medium. (frontiersin.org)
  • 1 Similarly, succinate may derive from the γ-aminobutyric acid shunt pathway that correlates with levels of expression of the γ-aminobutyric acid transporters solute carrier family 6 members 12 and 13 (SLC6A12, SLC6A13). (haematologica.org)
  • However, given the important role of miR-145-5p as a tumor suppressor, we attempt a novel approach called gene-specific microRNA antagonism to preserve CFTR function in the context of HIV and cigarette smoke without blocking the entire TGF-β signaling pathway or interfering with the broader miRNA-mediated regulation of other genes. (fiu.edu)
  • In addition to its role in glucose metabolism, this pathway also regulates the redirection of free amino acids to protein synthesis via the mTOR-signaling pathway. (hindawi.com)
  • Some studies in arsenic metabolism suggest that methylation of inorganic arsenic may be a toxification, rather than a detoxification pathway and that trivalent methylated arsenic metabolites, particularly monomethylarsonous acid and dimethylarsinous acid, have a great deal of biological activity [Kitchin 2001]. (cdc.gov)
  • These include modes that are predominately genotoxic (i.e., chromosomal abnormalities, oxidative stress, and gene amplification) vs. more nongenotoxic (i.e., altered growth factors, enhanced cell proliferation and promotion of carcinogenesis, and altered DNA repair). (cdc.gov)
  • GOT plays a role in amino acid metabolism and the urea and tricarboxylic acid cycles. (wikipedia.org)
  • As a consequence of such coordination, the nutrient-limited region of the community maintained an unexpectedly high level of metabolism, enabling it to express many signaling genes and functionally unknown genes with potential sociality functions. (nature.com)
  • At T2, the genes linked to the metabolism of ceramides and hopanoids lipids were clearly dominant, which are associated with the resistance of microbial species to extreme temperatures and pH values. (frontiersin.org)
  • In T3, genes linked to trehalose metabolism, related to the response to heat stress, dominated. (frontiersin.org)
  • Hence, succinate links metabolism to processes like gene expression and intercellular communication. (haematologica.org)
  • As one of the genes that can regulate the level of lipid metabolism, abnormal APOE expression was associated with carcinogenesis. (jcancer.org)
  • Genes coding for defense-related transcription activators, reactive oxygen species metabolism, terpene biosynthesis, and energy conversion pathways were upregulated in inoculated samples of L. dendroidea , indicating an integrated defensive system in seaweeds. (asm.org)
  • 0.001) enrichment in genes associated with amine metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To study the role of fat metabolism in GSD type V, Andersen et al manipulated the availability of free fatty acid for oxidation during exercise in 10 patients with the disease. (medscape.com)
  • Click on genes, proteins and metabolites below to link to respective articles. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition, the non-optimized expression of enzyme genes may facilitate the accumulation of toxic intermediate metabolites, which decreases the production yield. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Lipids, amino acids, and nucleotides necessary for the biosynthesis of the daughter cells are mostly provided by intermediate metabolites of these pathways. (hindawi.com)
  • RIViT-seq technology could speed up associating transcription factors with their target genes. (doe.gov)
  • Nonetheless, SDH mutations inherited from a parent set the stage for random and accidental loss of the remaining healthy SDH gene copy in somatic cells. (mayo.edu)
  • We are investigating the impact of specific classes of gene mutations, such as ATM, BRCA1, and MYBL2 on genome integrity. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • Several gene mutations have been described. (medscape.com)
  • Findings were validated by qRT-PCR and western blotting of selected genes and proteins. (sdu.dk)
  • Bioinformatics strategies were used to find other homologous genes and proteins, which can also degrade HCH present in various bacteria for controlling of pollution and offer clue to prevent its entry in the food chain. (ispub.com)
  • The statistical evaluation of the most abundant genes in each group and time studied allowed us to identify the potential metabolic pathways involved in the success of the different microorganisms. (frontiersin.org)
  • In cell engineering fields, such as synthetic biology and metabolic engineering, gene expression is fine-tuned for the robust operation of artificially designed genetic systems and enhanced production of a desired substance via manmade metabolic pathways [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • DH-1 genome also contains a group of genes related to conventional type II methanotrophic metabolic pathways, such as tetrahydromethanopterin and tetrahydrofolate pathways [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Transcriptomic changes in L. dendroidea in the presence of V. madracius include the upregulation of genes that participate in signaling pathways described here for the first time as a response of seaweeds to microbes. (asm.org)
  • Finally, although genotype by environment interaction in gene expression could potentially disrupt genetic networks, the co-expression networks are highly conserved across environments. (nature.com)
  • The functions of APOE co-expressed genes were mainly enriched in adaptive immune response, protein-lipid complex subunit organization, actin cytoskeleton reorganization, cell chemotaxis, protein activation cascade and transcriptional misregulation in cancer. (jcancer.org)
  • Identification and alignment of the promoter regions of the transcriptional start sites of glycolytic genes revealed strong similarities to the σ A consensus promoter sequences of Gram-positive bacteria. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Inhibiting miRNA processing using Aurin-tricarboxylic acid (ATA), a small molecule inhibitor of the pri-miRNA processing enzyme Drosha completely rescues TGF-β -mediated CFTR suppression suggesting an important role for miRNA mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing. (fiu.edu)
  • Only in +M plants mature berries maintained the balance of sugars to organic acids and increased the Arg-to Pro-ratio under elevated temperatures. (unav.edu)
  • Using whole-genome quantitative gene expression as a model, here we study how the genetic architecture of regulatory variation in gene expression changed in a population of fully sequenced inbred Drosophila melanogaster strains when flies developed in different environments (25 °C and 18 °C). We find a substantial fraction of the transcriptome exhibited genotype by environment interaction, implicating environmentally plastic genetic architecture of gene expression. (nature.com)
  • In terms of the distribution of identified genes in a specific category relative to the whole genome, only the categories of PE/PPE and conserved hypotheticals have statistical significance. (hindawi.com)
  • Here, we review the arrival of genetic screens in malaria parasites to analyse parasite gene function at a genome-scale and their impact on understanding parasite biology. (portlandpress.com)
  • While each DNA blueprint, or gene, encodes for a different machine or structure, the genome, the collection of DNA wrapped up inside the nucleus, is much more active than a quiet library of neatly stacked blue-prints. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • That significant fractions of the bacterial genome could be involved in, or affected during, biofilm formation was shown in Escherichia coli in a genome-wide screen using random chromosomal insertions of a lacZ reporter gene fusion construct [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Instead, in different studies different genes are found up- and down-regulated, in varying numbers ranging from 1% to 38% of the total genome. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Gene regulation by steroid hormones plays important roles in health and disease. (sdbonline.org)
  • The present study used shotgun metagenomics to determine the enzyme-coding genes of the microbiota found in two different groups of cocoa beans varieties during the fermentation process. (frontiersin.org)
  • Changes in the microbiota enzyme-coding genes over time pointed to the distinct ordering of fermentation at 24-48 h (T1), 72-96 h (T2), and 120-144 h (T3). (frontiersin.org)
  • Streamlining Regulon Identification in Bacteria Regulons are a group of genes that can be turned on or off by the same regulatory protein. (doe.gov)
  • The ∼30 Mb genomes of the Plasmodium parasites that cause malaria each encode ∼5000 genes, but the functions of the majority remain unknown. (portlandpress.com)
  • For practical application of the promoter library, we fine-tuned the expressions of cadA and cadB genes, required for cadaverine synthesis and export, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In metabolic engineering, the overexpression of enzyme genes may fail to increase the production yield because cellular resources are excessively consumed for enzyme synthesis, resulting in decreased cell growth and thereby a decreased yield. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Recent genomic and proteomic studies have identified many of the genes and gene products differentially expressed during biofilm formation, revealing the complexity of this developmental process. (biomedcentral.com)
  • But a comparison of the differentially expressed gene sets identified in several recent DNA microarray studies [ 7 - 10 ] reveals that no common expression pattern for biofilms has yet emerged. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The main challenge of analyzing microarray data is not in finding differentially expressed genes, but in gaining insights into the biological processes underlying phenotypic differences. (rna-seqblog.com)
  • Currently, the most popular use of RNA-Seq is to identify genes which are differentially expressed between two or more conditions. (rna-seqblog.com)
  • Thereafter, the DNA sequences of five nuclear genes (SIAH, TYR, POMC, RAG1, and C-MYC) were analyzed to determine their parental species and hybrid status. (bvsalud.org)
  • DNA sequencing of the five nuclear genes revealed 37 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites, and STRUCTURE analysis showed a two-group structure as the most likely grouping solution. (bvsalud.org)
  • Glucose depletion led to a rapid repression of most glycolytic genes and a corresponding two- to fivefold increased expression of the gluconeogenic genes pps, pck and malE , which are induced by pyruvate, lactate, acetate and/or other organic acids. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Furthermore, the adaptation of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-Associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) technology has dramatically improved gene editing efficiency at the single gene level. (portlandpress.com)
  • 2] The patients, who cycled at a constant workload corresponding to 70% of their maximum oxygen consumption, received either nicotinic acid or 20% Intralipid infusion, which, respectively, reduced or increased free fatty acid availability. (medscape.com)
  • Fatty acids and glucose serve as substrates for energy production. (medscape.com)
  • The uncorrected genetic distances between the 16S rRNA and COI genes in the new species and its closest congener were 0.7% and 2.6%, respectively, which are higher than or at the same level as those among many pairs of congeners. (bvsalud.org)
  • The raw data were deposited to the Gene Expression Omnibus ( GSE197541 for RAINBOW-seq data and GSE213531 for RNA-seq Δ sapD biofilm periphery and pyrimidine biosynthesis heterogeneity). (nature.com)
  • Genetic variance in expression increases at 18 °C relative to 25 °C for most genes that have a change in genetic variance. (nature.com)
  • Although the majority of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) for the gene expression traits in the two environments are shared and have similar effects, analysis of the environment-specific eQTLs reveals enrichment of binding sites for two transcription factors. (nature.com)
  • Genes with higher network connectivity are under stronger stabilizing selection, suggesting that stabilizing selection on expression plays an important role in promoting network robustness. (nature.com)
  • In this study, we performed a new bioinformatics analysis on microarray-based gene expression data obtained from the public domain to explore genes that were differentially induced by drugs between the group of capreomycin and PA-824 and the group of mainly the first-line TB drugs. (hindawi.com)
  • Construction of a tunable promoter library to optimize gene expression in Methylomonas sp. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, cell growth and lysine (a precursor of cadaverine) production assays suggested that gene expression optimization through transcription tuning can afford a balance between the growth and precursor supply. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The tunable promoter library provides standard and tunable components for gene expression, thereby facilitating the use of methanotrophs, specifically Methylomonas sp. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To resolve this problem, promoters with different strengths are widely employed to fine-tune the expression levels of enzyme genes [ 8 , 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The seaweed RNA was sequenced, providing an unprecedentedly high coverage of the transcriptome of Laurencia , and the gene expression levels were compared between control and inoculated samples after 24, 48, and 72 h. (asm.org)
  • Interestingly, muscle expression of proteasomal genes correlated positively with SAT expression of ECM genes but inversely with the expression of ADIPOQ in SAT and plasma adiponectin. (sdu.dk)
  • A basic pattern of gene expression and of relative expression levels during different growth phases was obtained for Corynebacterium glutamicum R grown on different carbon sources. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Growth in the presence of glucose gave rise to abundant expression of most glycolytic genes, with the level of gapA transcript being the highest. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • This type of "systems-level" analysis is critical to the understanding of patterns of gene expression that underlie biological processes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 10,000) and affected by historical, demographic and selective constraints, providing a framework for the partitioning of variation in gene expression within and among populations. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These characteristics make F. heteroclitus an ideal species to investigate adaptive variation in gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • One explanation for these apparent discrepancies is that DNA microarrays provide a sensitive but transient snapshot of gene expression and that gene expression does not necessarily directly correlate with phenotype. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We then extracted the expression of cuproptosis-related genes and established a prognostic model by lasso cox regression analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Then, the prognostic model and the expression levels of the three genes were validated using the dataset from GEO. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Finally, we determined that knockdown of LIPT1 gene expression inhibited proliferation and invasion of hepatoma cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As gene expression measurement technology is shifting from microarrays to sequencing, the statistical tools available for their analysis must be adapted since RNA-seq data are measured as counts. (rna-seqblog.com)
  • Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) is gradually replacing microarrays for high-throughput studies of gene expression. (rna-seqblog.com)
  • Over the last few years transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) has almost completely taken over microarrays for high-throughput studies of gene expression. (rna-seqblog.com)
  • In order to trigger gene amplification of both genes, DG44-I and DG44-C cells were incubated and sub cultured in the presence of 250 nM MTX for 35 days, leading to EPO titers of 0.123 and 0.15 pg/ul/cell respectively without affecting maximum viable cell density (VCD). (manchester.ac.uk)
  • In this study, we established RAINBOW-seq and profiled the transcriptome of Escherichia coli biofilm communities with high spatial resolution and high gene coverage. (nature.com)
  • Moreover, since more than half of Plasmodium genes are required for normal asexual blood-stage reproduction, and cannot be targeted using knockout methods, we discuss how CRISPR/Cas9 could be used to scale up conditional gene knockdown approaches to systematically assign function to essential genes. (portlandpress.com)
  • In this study, we developed a novel prognostic model for hepatocellular carcinoma based on cuproptosis-related genes that can effectively predict the prognosis of LIHC patients. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Two distinct subtypes of LIHC were identified based on cuproptosis-related genes, with different prognosis and immune characteristics. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using lasso cox regression analysis, we developed a prognostic risk model based on three cuproptosis-related genes (GCSH, LIPT1 and CDKN2A). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Tools like the TIGR Gene index [ 35 ] and Unigene [ 36 ] provide significant information on many species, yet these databases do not meet the needs of functional genomics projects for many non-model species. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In an attempt to clone some specific parasite antigen genes, a Trypanosoma cruzi cDNA library was constructed in lambda gt11. (bvsalud.org)
  • See Help:Gene_ontology for help entering or editing GO terms and GO annotations in EcoliWiki. (ecoliwiki.org)
  • Primary annotations based on sequence similarity are linked to networks of systematic annotation in Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and can be queried and computationally utilized in downstream analyses. (biomedcentral.com)
  • All other glycolytic genes except pps, glk and pgi were transcribed as monocistronic mRNAs under all tested conditions. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • In addition, STARD12/14 could regulate the ferroptosis related genes. (medsci.org)
  • A single transcript chosen for a gene which is the most conserved, most highly expressed, has the longest coding sequence and is represented in other key resources, such as NCBI and UniProt. (ensembl.org)
  • Metabolomics data obtained through gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GS-MS) of a tetracycline (tet) inducible CHO T-RExTM cell line capable of expressing 0.09 pg/ul/cell EPO, revealed that 0.1% v/v tet addition does not affect consumption of carbon sources such as glucose, and pyruvate, but concentration of waste products, such as glycerol, threitol, alanine and phenyllactic acid increases towards the end of each batch culture. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • Characterization of a recently evolved flavonol-phenylacyltransferase gene provides signatures of natural light selection in Brassicaceae. (helsinki.fi)
  • The results obtained in this study provided insights into the potential functionality of microbial community succession correlated to gene function, which could improve cocoa processing practices to ensure the production of more stable quality end products. (frontiersin.org)