• Expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP-1), ATP-citrate lyase (ACL), fatty acid synthase (FAS), malic enzyme (ME), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), and stearoyl-CoA (?9) desaturase 1 (SCD1) genes in ad lib birds declined from their highest levels just prior to photo-stimulation to reduced levels as the birds came into and maintained egg production. (usda.gov)
  • Interestingly, most mRNAs involved in lipid metabolism are overexpressed after hatching (FASN, SCD1, ACOX1), whereas genes implicated in carbohydrate metabolism (HK1, GAPDH, GLUT1) and development (HGF, IGF, FGFR2) are predominantly overexpressed from E12 to E20. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Results: Walnut oil treatment significantly increased cholesterol efflux through decreasing the expression of the lipogenic enzyme stearoyl CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) in MDFC. (psu.edu)
  • Polymorphisms in the casein alpha S1 (CSN1S1), beta-casein (CSN2), kappa-casein (CSN3), beta-lactoglobulin (LGB), acyl-CoA diacylglycerol transferase 1 (DGAT1), leptin (LEP), fatty acid synthase (FASN), stearoyl CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), and 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 6 (AGPAT6) genes were genotyped, and association analysis to the SCS in the cow's milk was performed. (vuzv.cz)
  • Insulin and a hormone called leptin, released by fat cells, control long term fat storage levels by manipulating the level of saturation of body fat via their effects on an enzyme called stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD1). (fireinabottle.net)
  • Polyunsaturated fatty acids suppress the expression of genes such as fatty acid synthase in the liver. (pediaa.com)
  • Then, Acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA are coupled to the acyl-carrier protein domain of the rate-limiting enzyme fatty acid synthase (FASN) [ 4 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Methods: We investigated the oncogenic roles of fatty acid synthase in 33 cancers based on the cancer genome atlas and gene expression omnibus. (aging-us.com)
  • The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project and gene expression omnibus (GEO) dataset contain useful genomic information sets of various tumors [ 1 - 3 ] and can be employed to identify the potential oncogenic role of fatty acid synthase (FASN). (aging-us.com)
  • The resulting acetyl-CoA is carboxylated to yield malonyl-CoA by acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (Δ-9-desaturase) is an endoplasmic reticulum enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the formation of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), specifically oleate and palmitoleate from stearoyl-CoA and palmitoyl-CoA. (wikipedia.org)
  • In humans, the enzyme is encoded by the SCD gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 is a key enzyme in fatty acid metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
  • The systematic name of this enzyme class is stearoyl-CoA,ferrocytochrome-b5:oxygen oxidoreductase (9,10-dehydrogenating). (wikipedia.org)
  • It catalyzes the chemical reaction stearoyl-CoA + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O2 + 2 H+ ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } oleoyl-CoA + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + 2 H2O The 4 substrates of this enzyme are stearoyl-CoA, ferrocytochrome b5, O2, and H+, whereas its 3 products are oleoyl-CoA, ferricytochrome b5, and H2O. (wikipedia.org)
  • This gene encodes an enzyme involved in fatty acid biosynthesis, primarily the synthesis of oleic acid. (antikoerper-online.de)
  • A gene encoding a similar enzyme is located on chromosome 4 and a pseudogene of this gene is located on chromosome 17. (antikoerper-online.de)
  • Abdominal fat pad weights were significantly higher in the ad lib as compared to restricted birds following photo-stimulation and the expression of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in this tissue showed a similar pattern of expression to that observed for the hepatic lipogenic enzyme genes. (usda.gov)
  • Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) synthesizes monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and has been associated with the development of metabolic syndrome, tumorigenesis, and stem cell characteristics. (nih.gov)
  • In this study, we employed a high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip to genotype 386 Nellore steers, a Bos indicus breed and, a Bayesian approach to identify genomic regions and putative candidate genes that could be involved with deposition and composition of IMF. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These genes increase oxygen availability by inducing erythropoiesis and angiogenesis, and also reduce its demand via regulation of energy metabolism by reducing oxidative phosphorylation and inducing non-oxygen-demanding glycolysis [ 5 , 6 , 7 ]. (springer.com)
  • This manuscript examined the effects of full feeding versus feed restriction of female broiler breeder chickens during egg production on the functioning of genes related to fat metabolism. (usda.gov)
  • In conclusion, the ad lib and restricted feeding regimes produced significantly different effects on hepatic gene expression related to lipid metabolism in broiler breeders. (usda.gov)
  • Queries of genes that impact mitochondrial function or pathways leading to transcription of lipid metabolism genes identified the fatty acid importer CD36 as highly expressed in Treg but not Teff from subjects with prediabetes. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • The significant module (royal blue) identified was associated with TC, TG and non-HDL-C. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses revealed that the genes in the royal blue module were associated with carbon metabolism, steroid biosynthesis, fatty acid metabolism and biosynthesis pathways of unsaturated fatty acids. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Genes related to lipid metabolism and proteolysis were found among those upregulated in IB. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We investigated the effect of high density lipoprotein from egg yolk (EYHDL) on serum, hepatic and fecal lipid and fatty acids (FAs) levels and on gene expression involved in FAs metabolism. (kosfaj.org)
  • Moreover, the genes related to fat metabolism that were up-regulated following VK2 treatment play key roles in improving survival. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, our results showed that VK2 can significantly influence the expression of genes related to fat metabolism, including those that regulate fatty acid elongation, desaturation, and synthesis of fatty acid-CoA. (frontiersin.org)
  • The intestinal microbiota impact obesity, fatty liver diseases, and weight loss by way of the ability to induce the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism ( 6 , 10 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Additionally, several features (e.g., gene expression, survival prognosis, genetic alteration, DNA methylation, protein phosphorylation, immune cells, or relevant cellular pathways) were gathered to evaluate the regulatory mechanism of FASN in the tumorigenesis of cancers. (aging-us.com)
  • Based on the UCSC genome browser on human Dec. 2013 (GRCh38/hg38) assembly [ 14 ], information related to the genome location of the FASN gene was obtained. (aging-us.com)
  • We obtained the difference in FASN expression using the "Gene_DE" module of tumor immune estimation resource, version 2 (TIMER2). (aging-us.com)
  • Therefore, the aim of the present study was to analyze a wide range of genes involved in liver development, cell stress, lipid and carbohydrate metabolisms throughout embryogenesis in mule ducks to better understand the ontogeny of pathways related to liver fattening. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Interestingly, carbohydrate-related genes appear to be highly expressed at the start of kinetics, while most lipid-related genes are overexpress after hatching, revealing greater sensitivity to the food transition that occurs at this stage. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Catalysis of the reaction: stearoyl-CoA + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O2 + 2 H+ = oleoyl-CoA + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + H2O. (systemsbiology.net)
  • A series of redox reactions, during which two electrons flow from NADH to flavoprotein cytochrome b5, then to the electron acceptor cytochrome b5 as well as molecular oxygen introduces a single double bond within a row of methylene fatty acyl-CoA substrates. (wikipedia.org)
  • Other names in common use include Delta9-desaturase, acyl-CoA desaturase, fatty acid desaturase, and stearoyl-CoA, hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase. (wikipedia.org)
  • Long-chain fatty acyl CoA is the inhibitor of lipogenesis, while malonyl CoA is the inhibitor of lipolysis. (pediaa.com)
  • ELOVLs are located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and catalyze FA elongation via the condensation of a malonyl-CoA to an acyl-CoA molecule to yield 3-ketoacyl-CoA, which is the first rate limiting step in the elongation cycle of FAs [ 8 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Then, 3-ketoacyl-CoA is reduced and dehydrated to produce trans-2-enoyl-CoA, which is finally reduced to form the elongated acyl-CoA. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • The Delta9 Fatty Acid Desaturase (Delta9-FADS)-like CD includes the delta-9 and delta-11 acyl CoA. (systemsbiology.net)
  • Hepatic leptin receptor gene expression did not differ significantly for ad lib as compared to restricted birds at any time. (usda.gov)
  • The general hype surrounding genetic research has led to a deterministic view of disease susceptibility: the "It does not matter what I eat or how active I am, my genes dictate my health outcomes" syndrome. (sciencewatch.com)
  • The objective of this work was the evaluation of muscle transcriptome profile in piglets of both genetic types, in order to identify genes, pathways and regulatory factors responsible for their phenotypic differences. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Piglets (14 from each genetic type) were slaughtered at weaning (28 days) and longissimus dorsi was sampled for composition and gene expression studies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Correlation among the expression of these RF and DE genes show relevant differences between genetic types. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The genes present in these regions were identified and some can help explain the genetic basis of deposition and composition of fat in cattle. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The genomic regions and genes identified contribute to a better understanding of the genetic control of fatty acid deposition and can lead to DNA-based selection strategies to improve meat quality for human consumption. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The OLE1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes the delta 9 fatty acid desaturase and can be ceremonyally redigsd nigh the rat stearoyl-CoA desaturase gene. (upb.ro)
  • Since liver sampling was only possible from the 12th day of embryogenesis (E12), we analyzed hepatic gene expression at 7 sampling points every 4 days from this point up to 4 days post-hatch (D4) and revealed different patterns of expression depending on the cellular pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mitochondria provide most of the cellular energy via their oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system, which requires the coordinated expression of genes encoded by both the nuclear (nDNA) and mitochondrial genomes (mtDNA). (biomed.news)
  • Our understanding of mitochondrial transcription in mammalian cells has largely progressed, but the mechanisms regulating mtDNA gene expression are still poorly understood despite their profound importance for human disease. (biomed.news)
  • Here, we review mechanisms of mitochondrial gene expression with a focus on the recent findings in the field of mammalian mtDNA transcription and disease phenotypes caused by defects in proteins involved in this process. (biomed.news)
  • [ 11 ] In the CALERIE phase 1 study, however, we demonstrated that 6 months of 25% CR in healthy human s increased the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number. (medscape.com)
  • It identifies gene-nutrient interactions associated with the nutritional deficiencies that people with IBD commonly experience, and the role of the Western diet in influencing these. (mdpi.com)
  • Gene-nutrient interactions may help explain this variability in response to food that is associated with IBD. (mdpi.com)
  • A group of about 20 scientists at that multidisciplinary meeting met and agreed that understanding gene-nutrient (or gene-environment) interactions would require the knowledge and technologies of many disciplines and international alliances. (sciencewatch.com)
  • In addition to in vitro experiments with primary cardiomyocytes and cell lines, we also use mice with cardiac-specific metabolic gene alterations. (unl.edu)
  • By analyzing the expression of specific genes involved in the synthesis, transport, and storage of fat, as well as other metabolic pathways, it may be possible to assess the potential metabolic consequences of feed restriction and other management practices on growth, body composition and performance of broiler breeders. (usda.gov)
  • Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in conjunction with capillary electrophoresis and laser-induced fluorescence detection (RT-PCR/CE-LIF) was used to quantify hepatic expression of specific genes relative to that of b-actin in total RNA samples. (usda.gov)
  • Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of gene polymorphisms and nongenetic factors on the somatic cell score (SCS) in the milk of Holstein (n = 148) and Simmental (n = 73) cows and their crosses (n = 6). (vuzv.cz)
  • Weighted gene co-expression network (WGCNA) analysis was used to analyse the gene expression profile, and the royal blue module was considered to have the highest correlation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The membrane fatty acid desaturase (Membrane_FADS)-like CD includes membrane FADSs, alkane. (systemsbiology.net)
  • Rodent primary hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), mouse liver tumor-initiating stem cell-like cells (TICs), and human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines were exposed to Wnt signaling inhibitors and changes in gene expression patterns were analyzed. (nih.gov)
  • Candidate genes with known effects on muscle growth were found among the DE genes upregulated in DU×IB. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To this end, a kinetic study was designed to determine the level of expression of selected genes involved in steatosis-related liver functions throughout embryogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • At the end of the experiment, the effects of treatments on biochemical parameters, FAs profiles and involved gene expression were analyzed. (kosfaj.org)
  • VK2 enhanced the fatty acid β-oxidation activity in peroxisome to degrade and digest fatty acid-CoA. (frontiersin.org)
  • Since genotypes and cultures vary across the world, it was not a great leap to realize that the study of gene-nutrient-phenotype associations could only be done through international collaborations. (sciencewatch.com)
  • Gene co-expression network-based methods have been widely used in processing microarray data and have especially been used to identify meaningful functional modules [ 18 , 19 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For better management of the disease, we are trying to identify putative prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic biomarkers associated with cancer and cancer stemness at the gene and RNA (coding and non-coding) level. (edu.in)
  • Lisa Schlager of Chevy Chase, Maryland, demonstrates outside of the Supreme Court as arguments were made in a case seeking to determine whether human genes can be patented. (howstuffworks.com)
  • The livers of 20 mule duck embryos were collected every 4 days from the 12th day of embryogenesis (E12) until 4 days after hatching (D4), and gene expression analysis was performed. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) is one of the most effective methods of gene co-expression network analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In tumors without contrast tissues or enough contrast group, the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis, version 2 (GEPIA2) web server [ 15 ] was utilized from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) ( P = 0.01, log2 fold change = 1). (aging-us.com)
  • On June 13, 2013, though, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that human genes could not be patented -- but that brand new inventions that used or replicated DNA could. (howstuffworks.com)
  • Even before the 2013 ruling that human genes could not be patented, the judicial road that has led to today's laws regarding patent rights to substances made inside the human body has not always been bump-free. (howstuffworks.com)
  • This was followed by the first gene patent to be issued in 1982 to the University of California for an engineered hormone involved with breast development in pregnant women [source: DeGiulio]. (howstuffworks.com)
  • It is present whenever the RNA that codes for the gene is being made. (fireinabottle.net)
  • In contrast, the restricted birds displayed a dramatic increase in the expression of these genes following photo-stimulation at first egg with a subsequent decline in expression levels as they reached peak egg production. (usda.gov)
  • It is responsible for forming a double bond in stearoyl-CoA. (wikipedia.org)