Genes pre b cell receptors. Medical search. Frequent questions

RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation endproducts), also called AGER, is a 35 kilodalton transmembrane receptor of the immunoglobulin super family which was first characterized in 1992 by Neeper et al. (wikipedia.org)
B-cell disorders are divided into defects of B-cell development/immunoglobulin production ( immunodeficiencies ) and excessive/uncontrolled proliferation ( lymphomas , leukemias ). (medscape.com)
Therapies for these disorders (eg, intravenous immunoglobulin [IVIG], bone marrow transplantation, gene therapy) are very costly and require highly advanced facilities. (medscape.com)
Memory cells travel to the primary follicle, where, after exposure to dendritic cells, they differentiate into centroblasts (immunoglobulin class-switch). (medscape.com)
Immunoglobulin gene rearrangement begins with heavy-chain gene rearrangement followed by light-chain gene rearrangement. (medscape.com)
Extracellularly the receptor is made up of five immunoglobulin-like domains. (creation.com)
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily and is expressed selectively at the early stages of B cell development, namely, in proB and early preB cells. (nih.gov)
As leukemic Slp65-deficient pre-B cells express the recombination activating genes (Rag)1 and Rag2, and manifest ongoing immunoglobulin (Ig) light-chain rearrangement, it has been hypothesized that deregulated recombinase activity contributes to malignant transformation. (eur.nl)
For other B-cell defects, such as specific Ig deficiencies (eg, immunoglobulin A [IgA] or immunoglobulin G [IgG] subclass deficiencies), refer to the article B-Cell Disorders . (medscape.com)
Early stages of B-cell differentiation can be identified by the status of the immunoglobulin genes and by the cell surface markers CD34, CD19, and surface immunoglobulin (sIg). (medscape.com)
The B-cell receptor is formed from the noncovalent association between surface IgM or IgD and 2 transmembrane proteins, IgA and immunoglobulin B. The presence of CD22 and CD19/CD21 on the cell surface, playing the role of coreceptorlike molecules, is necessary for the activation of the receptor. (medscape.com)
they have receptors for the crystallizable fragment (Fc) region of immunoglobulin (Ig) G and for complement, which enable them to bind with immune complexes and present the complex to B cells in germinal centers of secondary lymphoid organs. (msdmanuals.com)

Based on the promising results achieved from antibody-mediated PD-1 blockade in the treatment of hematological and solid tumors, we are confident that PD-1 knockout CAR T cells enhance the potency of CAR T cell therapies for treatment of cancers without the side effects of antibody-based therapies. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
NK cells are specialized effectors of the innate immune system that destroy their targets by antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, have prominent antitumor effects, and are potent killers of virally infected cells. (medscape.com)
Targeting viral vector particles to predetermined cell types will be obtained through genetic engineering of retroviral envelopes or adenoviral capsid proteins, by using single chain antibody fragments or tumour cell receptor ligands. (europa.eu)
Moreover, blocking FSH signaling by anti-FSHβ antibody or ablating the FSH receptor ( FSHR ) gene could effectively prevent hypercholesterolemia induced by FSH injection or high-cholesterol diet feeding. (nature.com)
Primary B-cell immunodeficiencies refer to diseases resulting from impaired antibody production due to either molecular defects intrinsic to B-cells or a failure of interaction between B-cells and T-cells. (medscape.com)
Centroblasts progress to centrocytes with high-affinity antibody production, then differentiate further to long-term memory cells and plasmablasts. (medscape.com)
T-cells play a crucial role in the immune response to pathogens by mediating antibody formation and clearance of infected cells, and by defining an overall response strategy. (elifesciences.org)
The present study is usually a cross-sectional analysis aimed to evaluate the significance of the presence of SE genes, defined as em DRB1*01 /em or em DRB1*04 /em , in relation to anti-CCP antibodies, antikeratin antibody (AKA) and RF in individuals who developed RA. (exposed-skin-care.net)
Applications Tested: This 12G5 antibody has been pre-titrated and tested by flow cytometric analysis of normal human peripheral blood cells. (thermofisher.com)
A test is defined as the amount (µg) of antibody that will stain a cell sample in a final volume of 100 µL. (thermofisher.com)
NEW YORK--( BUSINESS WIRE )-- Rgenix , Inc., a clinical stage biopharmaceutical company developing first-in-class small molecule and antibody cancer therapeutics, announced that it has raised $40 million in a Series C financing in support of further development of the company's clinical and pre-clinical oncology programs and for general corporate purposes. (biospace.com)
Defective antibody production and low circulating numbers of B cells were described in some female infants and in males in whom no Btk abnormalities were detected. (medscape.com)

The neuraminidase (NA) gene encodes the other surface protein of the virus. (cdc.gov)
X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA), also known as Bruton agammaglobulinemia, results from a mutation of the BTK gene, which encodes the pre-B-cell receptor (Pre-BCR) and BCR. (medscape.com)
4 It encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase involved in the development and homeostasis of several cell lines including melanocytic (pigment), hematologic (blood), mast, and germ cells. (creation.com)
This gene encodes the iota polypeptide chain that is associated with the Ig-mu chain to form a molecular complex which is expressed on the surface of pre-B cells. (nih.gov)
This gene encodes a member of the protein kinase C (PKC) family of serine/threonine protein kinases. (nih.gov)

HMGB1 is an intracellular DNA-binding protein important in chromatin remodeling which can be released by necrotic cells passively, and by active secretion from macrophages, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells. (wikipedia.org)
Isoforms of the RAGE protein, which lack the transmembrane and the signaling domain (commonly referred to as soluble RAGE or sRAGE) are hypothesized to counteract the detrimental action of the full-length receptor and are hoped to provide a means to develop a cure against RAGE-associated diseases. (wikipedia.org)
Ligands which have so far been found to bind RAGE are: AGE HMGB1 (Amphoterin) S100A12 (EN-RAGE) S100B S100A7 (psoriasin) but not highly homologous S100A7A (koebnerisin) S100P S100A8/A9 complex referred to as calprotectin Amyloid-β-protein Mac-1 Phosphatidylserine. (wikipedia.org)
This was accomplished using non-viral CRISPR/Cas9 via pre-assemble Cas9 protein and in vitro-transcribed sgRNA (Cas9 RNP). (uni-wuerzburg.de)
The discovery of the gene sequences and predicted protein structures, role of CCR5 alleles has prompted studies of but their ligands have not been identified the possible role of many other host genes in (orphan receptors). (cdc.gov)
If you require a native form of the protein please use the live cell version - found here . (abcam.com)
This complex gene codes for a complex protein important in a number of pathways. (creation.com)
This complex organization of the gene reflects the complex nature of the protein receptor it produces. (creation.com)
The specificity of T-cells is determined by the T-cell receptor (TCR), a heterodimer of alpha and beta protein chains. (elifesciences.org)
The adapter protein Slp65 and Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) are key components of the precursor-B (pre-B) cell receptor (pre-BCR) signaling pathway. (eur.nl)
This work has focused on molecular signals initiated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a cell protein that famously is activated by a variety of common environmental chemicals. (bu.edu)
Using novel AhR inhibitors that the laboratory developed, and state-of-the-art molecular technologies including CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, the lab demonstrated that pre-cancers and cancers were exploiting this receptor/signaling protein to up-regulate expression of genes that drive cancer invasion, metastasis, and longevity. (bu.edu)
In vivo verification was shown by a 70% reduction in GIP-R protein expression in islets from PANC PPARγ −/− mice and a twofold increase in islets of 14-day post-60% Px Sprague-Dawley rats that hyperexpress β-cell PPARγ. (diabetesjournals.org)
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is a 42-amino acid incretin hormone that binds to a seven-transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptor (GIP-R) that is expressed in numerous tissues including islet β-cells and α-cells ( 1 , 2 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
ADAMDEC1 protein was mainly released from PDGFRalpha+ cells and accumulated in the mucosal layer lamina propria space near the epithelial basement membrane. (stanford.edu)
Activation of chemomigration-related cell signaling (extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC)) was evaluated by Western blot analysis. (unimi.it)
CD184 is a member of the G-protein-coupled chemokine receptor family with seven membrane-spanning domains, and functions as a coreceptor for X4 HIV-1 entry into CD4+ cells. (thermofisher.com)
The v-ets oncogene was originally discovered as part of a fusion protein expressed by a transforming retrovirus (avian E26), and later shown to be transduced from a cellular gene. (embl.de)
Mutations in bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 ( BMPR2 ) cause familial pulmonary arterial hypertension (FPAH), but the penetrance is reduced and females are significantly overrepresented. (ersjournals.com)
Familial pulmonary arterial hypertension (FPAH) is caused, in 80% of families, by autosomal dominant mutations in the gene encoding bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 ( BMPR2 ). (ersjournals.com)
8. Løvås T, Bruusgaard JC, Øynebråten I, Gundersen K, Bogen B. DNA vaccines: MHC II-targeted vaccine protein produced by transfected muscle fibres induces a local inflammatory cell infiltrate in mice. (southernbiotech.com)
We assessed CSC effects on hippocampal glucocorticoid (GC) receptor (GR), mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), and FK506 binding protein (FKBP51) expression, acute heterotypic stressor-induced GR translocation, as well as GC effects on gene expression and cell viability in isolated hippocampal cells. (uni-regensburg.de)
Two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and mass spectrometry (MS) based quantitative proteomics were used to study differential protein abundance in various B cell types during B cell maturation. (lu.se)
Differential protein expression was studied in eight human cell lines representing various maturation stages from early pre-B cell until terminally differentiated plasma cell (see Supplementary Table 1 ). (lu.se)
The Stnd is a pooled protein sample prepared by combining protein extracts from the different B cell lines included in the experiment. (lu.se)
2063 protein spots across the eight cell lines were clustered on the basis of the relative average protein abundance (see Supplementary Figure 1 ). (lu.se)

One major discovery was that members of the chemokine receptor family serve as cofactors for HIV entry into cells. (cdc.gov)

One example is adoptive cell therapy with T cells that were genetically modified with gamma-retroviral and lentiviral (LV) delivery vectors to express a CD19-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) for cancer treatment. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
In conclusion, we provide a novel platform for virus-free genetic engineering of CAR T cells that can be broadly applied in T-cell cancer therapy. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
Access thousands of knockout cell lysates, generated from commonly used cancer cell lines. (abcam.com)
Ongoing anti-cancer gene therapy clinical trials have highlighted the need for more efficient and safer vectors. (europa.eu)
Thus, we will develop novel targeted viral vectors for applications to cancer gene therapy. (europa.eu)
The characteristics, efficiency, and toxicity of targeted vectors will first be assessed in vitro on relevant cell lines and primary cell cultures, then in vivo using animal models of brain and liver cancer. (europa.eu)
Novel gene editing systems were deployed in NK cells to disrupt CD38 - a cell surface immune modulator that can be targeted in the development of cancer immunotherapy - and to integrate a CAR construct that led to robust CAR-directed cellular cytotoxicity. (businesswire.com)
however, the development of radioresistance in cancer cells and radiation toxicity to normal tissues are still the major concerns. (nih.gov)
Thus agents are needed that could improve the efficacy of radiation killing of cancer cells and prevent the damage to normal cells and tissues caused by the direct and bystander effects of radiation, without have its own systemic toxicity. (nih.gov)
These radiosensitizing and counter radioresistance mechanisms of phytochemicals in cancer cells are also associated with changes in epigenetic gene regulation. (nih.gov)
Because radioresistance involves multiple mechanisms, more studies are needed to discover novel phytochemicals having multiple mechanisms of radiosensitization and to overcome radioresistance of cancer cells. (nih.gov)
Genomic instability creates a permissive state in which a potential cancer cell is allowed to acquire enough mutations to become a cancer cell. (proteinlounge.com)
Specifically, the AhR was shown to enforce the development of cancer stem cells, a small but critical subset of tumor cells that are highly resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy and are prone to metastasize. (bu.edu)
While the Sherr laboratory has historically been oriented towards understanding the biologic effects of environmental chemicals to prevent cancer and to understand the basic molecular mechanisms behind cancer aggression and immunosuppression, it has most recently begun investigating how to detect the changes in cells that precede cancer formation and how to intercept cancer at these inflection points before it develops. (bu.edu)
To this end, the laboratory is now exploiting its proprietary AhR inhibitors and advanced gene editing techniques to boost anti-cancer immunity and to block transformation of benign cells into malignant cells. (bu.edu)
Researchers at Weill Cornell Medicine have discovered that radiation therapy combined with two types of immunotherapy-one that boosts T cells, and another that boosts dendritic cells-can control tumors in preclinical models of triple negative breast cancer, a cancer type that's typically resistant to immunotherapy alone. (medicalxpress.com)
Cold tumors are often referred to as impregnable fortresses that can't be infiltrated by the immune system's T cells, which directly attack viruses, bacteria, as well as cancer cells. (medicalxpress.com)
Taking the brakes off these checkpoints with inhibitors allows the immune system to find and destroy cancer cells. (medicalxpress.com)
Radiation directly kills cancer cells and sends out inflammatory signals that attract "killer" T cells. (medicalxpress.com)
Cancer cells, suggesting how the growth inhibitory effects exerted by mibolerone. (showyou.com)
RGX-202 is a small molecule compound that suppresses gastrointestinal cancer progression by inhibiting a novel cancer metabolism pathway involved in supplying energy to cancer cells. (biospace.com)
Our data have provided evidence for a comparable prediction of clinical outcome in CMF-treated breast cancer patients using conventional clinical variables and gene expression based markers. (lu.se)
Possible mechanisms for gram for breast cancer in southern Sweden issued 1991, pre- recurrence after treatment are low initial drug sensitivity or menopausal lymph node positive (N+) breast cancer patients an acquired drug resistance. (lu.se)
Cancer Lett, 300:215-224.doi:10.1016/j. squamous cell carcinoma in north-eastern Iran. (who.int)
99:209 -215.doi:10.1007/s11060 - 010 - 0129 -5 cell carcinoma-a population-based study in with and without cervical cancer in Tbilisi, Georgia. (who.int)
Resolving the Pathogenesis of Anaplastic Wilms Tumors through Spatial Mapping of Cancer Cell Evolution. (lu.se)
Lip cancer and pre-cancerous lesions harbor TP53 mutations, exhibit allelic loss at 9p, 9q, and 17p, but no BRAFV600E mutations. (cdc.gov)

This rearrangement process requires the recombination activating genes RAG1 and RAG2, which are controlled by IL-7 and perhaps other factors. (medscape.com)

Figure 1 Illustration demonstrating a hypothetical summary of the potential effect of aryl-hydrocarbon receptor activation on multipotent mesenchymal stromal cell function. (wjgnet.com)

Besides the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6), the increased expression of receptor repertoire (pattern recognition receptors, PRR) on APCs, mostly macrophages and dendritic cells, occurs as a result of the release of endogenous and exogenous antigens (damage-associated molecular patterns, DAMPs, and pathogen-associated molecular patterns, PAMPs). (hindawi.com)
However, the cellular origin for this gene expression is controversial as it is also known to be expressed in intestinal macrophages. (stanford.edu)
SL is an antigen-dependent process and requires the collaboration of antigen presenting cells (dendritic cells and macrophages), CD4 + T lymphocytes, and different cytokines. (medscape.com)
Tumor-induced glaucoma may be produced by obstruction of outflow pathways by pigment cells (pigment dispersion syndrome), melanin-laden macrophages (melanomalytic glaucoma), or tumor cells. (medscape.com)
Monocytes migrate into tissues, where over about 8 hours, they develop into macrophages under the influence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), secreted by various cell types (eg, endothelial cells, fibroblasts). (msdmanuals.com)
At infection sites, activated T cells secrete cytokines (eg, interferon-gamma [IFN-gamma]) that induce production of macrophage migration inhibitory factor, preventing macrophages from leaving. (msdmanuals.com)
Based on different gene expression profiles, subtypes of macrophages (eg, M1, M2), which have different roles in amplifying or limiting the inflammatory response, have been identified. (msdmanuals.com)

Expanded natural killer cells killed both allogeneic and autologous primary myeloma cells avidly via a perforin-mediated mechanism in which the activating receptor NKG2D, natural cytotoxicity receptors, and DNAX-accessory molecule-1 played a central role. (haematologica.org)

A chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) construct was also shown to be integrated in up to 60 percent of T cells. (businesswire.com)
These cells had been gene-edited using new base-editing technology and fitted with a Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) that allow them to recognise, hunt down and kill cancerous T-cells without attacking each other. (gosh.org)

Natural-killer (NK) cells are specialized lymphocytes that have cytotoxic properties in addition to their ability to produce cytokines that assist in the orchestration of adaptive immunity. (medscape.com)
The adaptive immune system consists of 2 types of lymphocytes: T cells (70-75% of the adaptive immune force) and B cells (10-20% of the adaptive immune force). (medscape.com)
T lymphocytes (T cells) are pivotal in the cellular immune response ( 1 , 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes were determined as the cellular effectors of GVHD, and the key role of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in T-lymphocyte activation was established during the following years [ 11 , 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
Age-related loss of bone marrow pre-B- and immature B-lymphocytes in the autoimmune-prone flaky skin mutant mice. (southernbiotech.com)
More than 300 CDs have been identified many of which are absent from lymphocytes but present on other cells of the immune system. (msdmanuals.com)

The generation of receptors specific for antigens is a unique and complex process that generates 10 12 specific receptors for each cell type of the adaptive immune system, including T and B cells. (medscape.com)

Due to their efficient gene delivery, viral vectors have been successfully used in T-cell engineering to provide gene transfer medicinal products for the treatment of human disease. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
However, there are persistent concerns and limitations with the use of viral vectors for CAR T cell generation with regard to safety, cost and scale of vector production. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
In order to address these concerns, we aimed to improve non-viral gene transfer and genome editing tools as an effective, safe and broadly applicable alternative to viral delivery methods for T-cell engineering. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
In the first part of the study, we engineered CAR T cells through non-viral Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposition of CAR genes from minimalistic DNA vectors called minicircles rather than conventional SB plasmids. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
The high level of gene transfer rate and efficient genome editing, superior safety profile as well as ease-of-handling and production of non-viral MC vectors and Cas9 RNP position our developed non-viral strategies to become preferred approaches in advanced cellular and gene-therapy. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
This proposal brings together European leaders with expertise covering from the development of novel viral vectors to the implementation of clinical trials of gene therapy. (europa.eu)
Once new generation targeted viral vectors are generated, they will be sent to the appropriate partners for the in vitro testing of the efficiency of the novel vectors in various cell lines. (europa.eu)
Analysis of this HA gene shows that it is closely related to avian A(H5) viruses in HA clade 2.3.4.4b and lacked amino acid changes that improve recognition of mammalian receptors or fusion of the viral membrane with the host endosomal membranes. (cdc.gov)
Following specific binding of T cell receptors to viral and bacterial-derived peptides bound to MHC ( 5 ), or from neo-antigens ( 8 - 10 ), the appropriate T cells expand, resulting in the increased frequency of T cells carrying such receptors. (frontiersin.org)
KIT has also gone by several other names including c-kit , v-kit Hardy-Zuckerman 4 feline sarcoma viral oncogene homolog, stem cell factor receptor, mast cell growth factor receptor, and CD117 . (creation.com)
A(H5) viruses in HA clade 2.3.4.4b and lacked amino acid changes that improve recognition of mammalian receptors or fusion of the viral membrane with the host endosomal membranes. (cdc.gov)
Chinese hamster ovary) cell suspension culture and purified by chromatography including specific viral inactivation and removal procedures. (who.int)

Blockade/knockdown of RAGE resulted in impaired cell adhesion, and increased cell proliferation and migration A number of small molecule RAGE inhibitors or antagonists have been reported. (wikipedia.org)
Sex steroid receptors (SSRs), which are involved in BC etiology and progression, promote BCSC proliferation, dedifferentiation and migration. (wjgnet.com)
Combined treatment with selumetinib and a dose of palbociclib sufficient to reinforce G1 arrest in selumetinib-sensitive cells, but not to impair proliferation of resistant cells, delays the emergence of resistant colonies, meaning that escape from G1 arrest is critical in the formation of resistant clones. (babraham.ac.uk)
Its best-known actions in β-cells are to augment meal-related insulin secretion and over the long-term to increase proinsulin synthesis and β-cell proliferation and survival ( 3 , 4 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
In preparation to apply various toxicants to the developed in vitro human neuronal stem cells, the team has characterized a number of PCB's and PAH compounds for their ability to (a) induce various signal transduction mechanisms and (b) inhibit gap junctional intercellular communication regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. (nih.gov)
The Ets family of transcription factors includes nuclear phosphoproteins that are involved in cell proliferation, differentiation and oncogenic transformation. (embl.de)
Data suggest that, unlike the weak mitogen 2-OHE, 16α-OHE 1 stimulates cellular proliferation by constitutively activating the oestrogen receptor. (ersjournals.com)
These pathways converge toward the activation of transcription factors, resulting in B-cell activation and proliferation. (medscape.com)

These receptors trigger inflammation through the NFkB-dependent and interferon regulatory factor-dependent signaling pathway. (medscape.com)
Mutations in these genes affect proteins involved in the signaling pathway for pigment production and explain a large amount of the color variation in mammals. (creation.com)
As reviewed here, the generation of such RAR and RXR germline mutations, combined with pharmacological approaches to block the RA signaling pathway, has provided many valuable insights on the developmental functions of RA receptors. (degruyter.com)
We conclude that spatio-temporally controlled somatic mutations generated in animal models in given cell-types/tissues and at chosen times during pre- and postnatal life, are required to reveal the physiological and pathophysiological functions of the receptor genes involved in the retinoid signaling pathway throughout the life of the mouse. (degruyter.com)
Also disruption of this signaling pathway may account for the lowered β-cell GIP-R expression and resulting GIP resistance in type 2 diabetes. (diabetesjournals.org)

These PanIN lesions are in turn associated with somatic alterations in canonical oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. (proteinlounge.com)
The new, preclinical study found that activating another type of immune cell called a dendritic cell, in addition to the other two approaches, produced a synergistic effect that elicited tumor regression. (medicalxpress.com)
While this approach activated the immune system, the T cells couldn't overcome the immune suppression of the tumor. (medicalxpress.com)
While the combination of radiation with CTLA4 inhibition converted cold tumors into T-cell-inflamed tumors, this was not enough to significantly reduce the tumor. (medicalxpress.com)
While earlier work characterized PDAC as an immunologically privileged tumor poorly recognized by the immune system, recent studies revealed the important and nuanced roles of immune cells in the pathogenesis of PDAC. (stanford.edu)
Distinct lymphoid, myeloid, and stromal cell types in the TME exert opposing influences on PDAC tumor trajectory, suggesting a more complex organization than the classical "hot" versus "cold" tumor distinction. (stanford.edu)
SH2D2A modulates T cell mediated protection to a B cell derived tumor in transgenic mice. (southernbiotech.com)
2. Active metastatic tumor cell invasion into CNS 3. (mycancergenome.org)
Its metastatic potential depends on the phenotype of the tumor cells, and it frequently disseminates before diagnosis. (medscape.com)

In the second part of the study, we ablated expression of PD-1, a checkpoint and negative regulator of T cell function to improve the therapeutic index of CAR T cells. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
VK5211 belongs to a family of novel orally available, non-steroidal SARM compounds based on tissue-specific gene expression and other functional, cell-based technologies. (prnewswire.com)
Transcriptional targeting of transgenes expression to tumour cells will be obtained using tumour cell type specific promoter. (europa.eu)
This was associated with increased islet Regenerating (Reg) genes expression, and elevated IL-22-producing Th17 T-cells in the pancreas. (bepress.com)
We hypothesized that IL-22 was responsible for the increased Reg gene expression in the pancreas. (bepress.com)
We therefore quantified the Reg1, Reg2, and Reg3δ (INGAP) mRNA expression in isolated pre-diabetic NOD islets treated with IL-22. (bepress.com)
We measured IL-22, and IL-22 receptor(R)-α mRNA expression in the pancreas and spleen of pre-diabetic and diabetic NOD mice. (bepress.com)
Hill T, Krougly O, Nikoopour E, Bellemore S, Lee-Chan E, Fouser LA, Hill DJ and Singh B. The involvement of Interleukin-22 in the expression of Pancreatic Beta cell Regenerating REG genes. (bepress.com)
post-menopausal women with a higher serum FSH (≥78.3 IU/L) had higher serum TC and LDL-C levels than those with relatively lower FSH levels (40-78.3 IU/L), and ovariectomized mice had higher serum FSH and lipid levels and reduced hepatic LDL receptor expression. (nature.com)
B Cell Development and Its Deregulation to Transformed States at the Pre-B Cell Receptor-Expressing Pre-BII Cell Stage -- Gene Expression Patterns in Human and Mouse B Cell Development -- New Insights into the Phenotype and Cell Derivation of B Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia -- Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Molecular Genetics and Animal Models -- What Do Somatic Hypermutation and Class Switch Recombination Teach Us About Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia Pathogenesis? (epa.gov)
Thus, IL-22 does not directly control the regenerative capacity of crypt stem cells but rather boosts Paneth cell numbers, as well as the expression of AMPs in all cell types. (amolf.nl)
Background Patients with gene expression profiling-defined high-risk myeloma in relapse have poor outcomes with current therapies. (haematologica.org)
We tested whether natural killer cells expanded by co-culture with K562 cells transfected with 41BBL and membrane-bound interleukin-15 could kill myeloma cells with a high-risk gene expression profile in vitro and in a unique model which recapitulates human myeloma. (haematologica.org)
This is followed by showing that the same inter-cellular communication mechanism can change the collective behavior of oscillatory gene expression (involving so-called ``clock genes'') thereby reproducing all the empirically observed dynamical transitions in somitogenesis, a fundamental developmental process in all vertebrates. (imsc.res.in)
Selumetinib causes long-term G1 arrest accompanied by reduced expression of DNA replication and repair genes, but cells stochastically re-enter the cell cycle during treatment despite continued repression of pERK1/2. (babraham.ac.uk)
Our studies have shown physiologic and pharmacologic regulation of GIP-R expression in β-cells by PPARγ signaling. (diabetesjournals.org)
We have recently found abundant and selective expression of Adamdec1 in colonic mucosal PDGFRalpha+ cells. (stanford.edu)
Hepcidin, ferritin and transferrin receptor gene expression was evaluated by PCR. (unimi.it)
In addition, gene expression data implicating the oestrogen-metabolising enzyme CYP1B1 suggests a detrimental role of oestrogens or oestrogen metabolites. (ersjournals.com)
Increasing expression of IgD in the transitional cells finally results in the mature B cell with IgM and IgD both expressed on their cell surface. (medscape.com)
At each maturation stage, expression of proteins affects the commitment to move to the next stage and cellular functions, such as rearrangement and expression of Ig genes. (lu.se)
How Reliable Are Gene Expression-Based and Immunohistochemical Biomarkers Assessed on a Core-Needle Biopsy? (lu.se)

PQ at 10 uM induced transformation of normal human lung fibroblast WI-38 cells into myofibroblasts, as shown by the de nova synthesis of a-smooth muscle actin, and heightened production of inflammatory cytokines TNFa and IL-6 and growth factor TGFb1. (cdc.gov)
Inherited genetic variants such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of candidate genes, encoding various cytokines, chemokines, and inflammatory regulators, have become a subject of interest of genetic studies searching for independent predictors of GVHD development and HSCT outcome [ 4 - 7 ]. (hindawi.com)

Secondary lymphopoiesis (SL) begins when mature B cells enter the extrafollicular area of lymphoid tissue and differentiate into short-lived plasma cells and memory cells after being stimulated by antigen-presenting cells. (medscape.com)
Although some antigens (Ags) can stimulate the immune response directly, T cell-dependent acquired immune responses typically require antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to present antigen-derived peptides within major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. (msdmanuals.com)

Introduction of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-associated loss-of-function mutations in the IL-22 co-receptor gene IL10RB resulted in abolishment of Paneth cells in hSIOs. (amolf.nl)
Therefore, mutations have been introduced by homologous recombination (HR) in F9 embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells, a cell-autonomous system that differentiates in the presence of RA, in order to disrupt RAR and RXR genes and establish their cellular and molecular functions in RA-induced differentiation. (degruyter.com)
HR in embryonic stem (ES) cells, has therefore been used to generate null mutations of the various RARs and RXRs in the mouse germline. (degruyter.com)
However, due to (i) the complexity in "hormonal" signaling through transduction by the multiple RARs and RXRs, (ii) the functional redundancies (possibly artefactually generated by the mutations) within receptor isotypes belonging to a given gene family, and (iii) in utero or postnatal lethality of certain germline null mutations, these genetic studies through germline mutagenesis have failed to reveal many of the physiological functions of RARs and RXRs, notably in adults. (degruyter.com)
MSI occurs in approximately 15% of colon cancers and results from inactivation of the MMR (Mismatch Repair) system secondary to either MMR gene mutations or hypermethylation of MMR gene promoters. (proteinlounge.com)
Mutations and gene amplifications that confer drug resistance emerge frequently during chemotherapy, but their mechanism and timing are poorly understood. (babraham.ac.uk)
Melanoma in particular exhibits a high incidence of activating BRAF and NRAS mutations and such cells are addicted to the activity of these mutant oncoproteins. (babraham.ac.uk)
Identification of novel fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 gene mutations in actinic cheilitis and squamous cell carcinoma of the lip. (cdc.gov)

Following B-cell receptor activation, 2 waves of tyrosine kinase phosphorylation occur. (medscape.com)
In Bruton's honor, the gene responsible has been named Btk, which stands for Bruton tyrosine kinase. (medscape.com)
The BTK gene is present on Xq21.3-q22, and its defect results in deficiency of Bruton tyrosine kinase. (medscape.com)

The complex is thought to regulate Ig gene rearrangements in the early steps of B-cell differentiation. (nih.gov)
CD14+ monocytes from IBD patients had significantly decreased cleaved H3T22, suggesting they were epigenetically primed for macrophage differentiation.We describe the first systems-level quantification of histone modifications across immune cells from IBD patients at a single-cell resolution revealing the increased epigenetic heterogeneity that is not possible with traditional ChIP-seq profiling. (stanford.edu)
Temporal multimodal single-cell profiling of native hematopoiesis illuminates altered differentiation trajectories with age. (lu.se)
They can be distinguished by antigen-specific surface receptors and other cell surface molecules called clusters of differentiation (CDs), whose presence or absence define some subsets. (msdmanuals.com)

ii) gutless adenoviral vectors, by genetic modifications of the fibre and hexon proteins of the adenoviral capsids, as well as through the use of combined cell type specific and inducible promoters. (europa.eu)
To direct signals to specific target genes, Ets proteins interact with (other) transcription factors that promote the binding of Ets proteins to composite Ras-responsive elements. (embl.de)
Defects in genes and proteins important for B cell maturation cause primary immunodeficiencies (see IDbase ). (lu.se)
Bioinformatic analysis of the proteomic phenotypes revealed shared Gene Ontology (GO) terms and signaling pathways within the clusters of co-expressed proteins (see Tables 1-2 ). (lu.se)

Knockout cell lysate achieved by CRISPR/Cas9. (abcam.com)
In summary, this novel Type V CRISPR-associated nuclease is a promising new gene editing system for in vivo editing of the liver. (businesswire.com)
Novel CRISPR-Associated Gene Editing Systems Discovered in Metagenomic Samples Enable Efficient and Specific Genomic Engineering for Cell Therapy Development," three novel gene editing systems were used to make reproducible and efficient edits to human immune cells, demonstrating utility for the next generation of cell therapy development for blood cancers. (businesswire.com)
CRISPR/Cas9 mediated knock-out of VPREB1 gene induces a cytotoxic effect in myeloma cells. (nih.gov)

These cells develop into late pro-B cells in which rearrangement of the heavy chain genes occurs. (medscape.com)
Progression from this late pro-B-cell to the pre-B-cell stage involves the rearrangement and joining of the various segments of the heavy chain genes. (medscape.com)
The completion of rearrangement of the light and heavy chains and the presence of surface IgM results in the immature B cell, which then leaves the bone marrow. (medscape.com)

Importantly, CD19-CAR T cells modified by MC-based SB transposition were equally effective as LV transduced CD19-CAR T cells in vitro and in a murine xenograft model (NSG/Raji-ffLuc), where a single administration of CD8+ and CD4+ CAR T cells led to complete eradication of lymphoma and memory formation of CAR T cells after lymphoma clearance. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
and 5) an increased islet β- cell DNA synthesis in vitro in the presence of IL-22. (bepress.com)
In vitro studies of INS-1 cells confirmed that PPAR-γ binds to the putative PPRE sequence and regulates GIP-R transcription. (diabetesjournals.org)
In vitro the effect of corticosterone (CORT) on hippocampal cell viability and gene transcription was more pronounced in CSC versus SHC mice. (uni-regensburg.de)

Current knowledge about the most aggressive forms of BC points to the role of specific cells with stem properties located within BC, the so-called "BC stem cells" (BCSCs). (wjgnet.com)
We have optimized human small intestinal organoid (hSIO) culturing, constitutively generating all differentiated cell types while maintaining an active stem cell compartment. (amolf.nl)
IL-22 does not promote the expansion of stem cells but rather slows the growth of hSIOs. (amolf.nl)
Graft versus host disease (GVHD), a severe immunogenic complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), represents the most frequent cause of transplant-related mortality (TRM). (hindawi.com)
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) offers the only curative modality for many hematological disorders. (hindawi.com)
1 Significant advances have been made by combining novel agents with autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation which allows for long-term disease-free survival in the majority of transplant-eligible patients. (haematologica.org)

VK5211, the company's lead program for muscle and bone disorders, is an orally available, non-steroidal selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) being developed for the treatment of patients recovering from non-elective hip fracture surgery. (prnewswire.com)
In a pre-clinical model of osteoporosis, VK5211 demonstrated improvements in bone mineral density, bone mineral content, bone strength, and other measures. (prnewswire.com)
Both continue their development in the bone marrow through an antigen-independent process called primary lymphopoiesis (PL). Recognized stages of PL are pro-B cell, pre-B cell, immature B cell, and mature B cell. (medscape.com)
Design and Methods OPM2 and high-risk primary myeloma tumors were grown in human fetal bone implanted into non-obese diabetic severe combined immunodeficiency mice with a deficient interleukin-2 receptor gamma chain. (haematologica.org)
These mice are devoid of endogenous natural killer and T-cell activity and were used to determine whether adoptively transferred expanded natural killer cells could inhibit myeloma growth and myeloma-associated bone destruction. (haematologica.org)
The transferred, expanded natural killer cells proliferated in vivo in an interleukin-2 dose-dependent fashion, persisted up to 4 weeks, were readily detectable in the human bone, inhibited myeloma growth and protected bone from myeloma-induced osteolysis. (haematologica.org)
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant plasma cell disorder with debilitating symptoms related to anemia, immunosuppression, bone destruction, and renal failure. (haematologica.org)
When developing B cells in their bone marrow express this BCR, the V(D)J recombination machinery will be activated, allowing for secondary Ig light-chain gene rearrangements to occur. (eur.nl)
Just 28 days after receiving the cells, Alyssa was in remission and went on to receive a second bone marrow transplant to restore her immune system. (gosh.org)
Only after she received her CD7 CAR-T cell therapy and a second bone marrow transplant in GOSH she has become leukaemia free. (gosh.org)
These include the hospital's Bone Marrow Transplant team, CAR T-cell therapy experts, haematology service, research nurses, allied health professionals, Play team and so many more. (gosh.org)
Eosinophils are required for the maintenance of plasma cells in the bone marrow. (southernbiotech.com)
VEGFR1-positive haematopoietic bone marrow progenitors initiate the pre-metastatic niche. (southernbiotech.com)
In the fetal bone marrow, the first committed cell in B-cell development is the early pro-B cell, identified by its ability to proliferate in the presence of interleukin-7 (IL-7). (medscape.com)

Genes (Basel), 2023 Jan 18. (nih.gov)

Other cellular components of the innate immune system include mononuclear phagocytes, dendritic cells, and NK cells. (medscape.com)
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma evolves from a progressive cascade of cellular, morphological and architectural changes from normal ductal epithelium through pre-neoplastic lesions termed PanIN (Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia). (proteinlounge.com)
Sertoli-Germ (Spermatid)-cell interactions affect spermatogenesis at the molecular, cellular and biochemical levels. (proteinlounge.com)
Development of an organism from the embryonic stage involves a number of precisely timed events that arise as a result of interactions between several components including (i) morphogens which set up concentration gradients, (ii) cell-cycle oscillators which regulate mitosis and (iii) inter-cellular communication. (imsc.res.in)

In view of its inflammatory function in innate immunity and its ability to detect a class of ligands through a common structural motif, RAGE is often referred to as a pattern recognition receptor. (wikipedia.org)
citation needed] RAGE is able to bind several ligands and therefore is referred to as a pattern-recognition receptor. (wikipedia.org)

We describe the role of allelic polymorphism in the gene coding for the CCR5 chemokine receptor with regard to susceptibility to and disease course of HIV infection. (cdc.gov)
Analysis of the N1 NA gene from the Chile specimen showed that it did not have any known or suspected markers of reduced susceptibility to this class of antivirals (i.e., oseltamivir). (cdc.gov)
Association of VPREB1 Gene Copy Number Variation and Rheumatoid Arthritis Susceptibility. (nih.gov)
The potential role of VPREB1 gene copy number variation in susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis. (nih.gov)

Transformed glial cells share the common attributes of the invasion process, including cell adhesion to ECM (Extracellular Matrix) components, cell locomotion, and the ability to remodel extracellular space. (proteinlounge.com)
Extracellular antigens (eg, from many bacteria) must be processed into peptides and complexed with surface class II MHC molecules on professional APCs (which specialize in presenting antigens to T cells) to be recognized by CD4 helper T (Th) cells. (msdmanuals.com)

The interaction between RAGE and its ligands is thought to result in pro-inflammatory gene activation. (wikipedia.org)
Due to an enhanced level of RAGE ligands in diabetes or other chronic disorders, this receptor is hypothesised to have a causative effect in a range of inflammatory diseases such as diabetic complications, Alzheimer's disease and even some tumors. (wikipedia.org)
Dr. Gubatan's research is focused on translational studies using single-cell genomics to understand mechanisms of biologic therapy failure, elucidate the role of host immune and gut microbiome interactions in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and develop precision medicine strategies to improve outcomes in patients with IBD. (stanford.edu)
Current understanding of histone post-translational modifications (histone modifications) across immune cell types in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) during remission and flare is limited. (stanford.edu)
Metalloendopeptidase ADAM-like Decysin 1 (ADAMDEC1) in Colonic Subepithelial PDGFRalpha+ Cells Is a New Marker for Inflammatory Bowel Disease. (stanford.edu)

PMID:21684805 oncoprotein in HPV 16-positive cells. (who.int)

MSC: Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cell. (wjgnet.com)

Despite this, clinical responses are typically transient as tumour cells develop resistance. (babraham.ac.uk)

Using TCR alpha and beta repertoire sequencing for T-cell subsets, as well as single-cell RNAseq and TCRseq, we track the concentrations and phenotypes of individual T-cell clones in response to primary and secondary yellow fever immunization - the model for acute infection in humans - showing their large diversity. (elifesciences.org)

In Type 1 diabetes, the insulin-producing β-cells within the pancreatic islets of Langerhans are destroyed. (bepress.com)
We showed previously that immunotherapy with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) or complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) of non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice can prevent disease process and pancreatic β-cell loss. (bepress.com)
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma, the malignant neoplasm of the exocrine duct cells, accounts for more than ninety percent of all pancreatic tumors (Ref.1). (proteinlounge.com)
immune destruction of insulin-pro- vestigate the relationship of VDR gene ducing beta cells by T-cell infiltration polymorphism to the risk of type 1 DM DNA isolation and PCR experiments of the pancreatic islets [1]. (who.int)

Innate immunity resides in the skin, mucous membranes, polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells, complement system, and a select group of cells that possess cytotoxic capabilities. (medscape.com)
What's more, as these gene editing systems are taken from environmental samples as opposed to human pathogens, pre-existing immunity is expected to be rare. (businesswire.com)
RGX-104 is a first-in-class small-molecule immunotherapy that targets the Liver X Receptor (LXR) and modulates innate immunity by activating the ApoE gene. (biospace.com)

Recently, high-throughput DNA sequencing has enabled large-scale characterization of TCR sequences, producing detailed T cell repertoire (Rep-Seq) ( 11 ). (frontiersin.org)
The diverse repertoire of T-cell receptors (TCR) plays a key role in the adaptive immune response to infections. (elifesciences.org)
The resulting diverse naïve repertoire contains T-cell clones that recognize epitopes of yet unseen pathogens, and can participate in the immune response to infection or vaccination. (elifesciences.org)

This therapeutic approach has shown remarkable results against B-cell malignancies in pilot clinical trials. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
A common suicide/reporter gene will first be used for all vectors, and then additional therapeutic genes will be tested. (europa.eu)
The invasion of neoplastic cells into healthy brain tissue is a pathologic hallmark of Gliomas and contributes to the failure of current therapeutic modalities (surgery, radiation and chemotherapy). (proteinlounge.com)

Gastrointestinal toxicity occurs during the neutropenic (pre-engraftment) period. (hindawi.com)
While the role of morphogens has received enormous attention in developmental contexts, it is now becoming clear that juxtacrine signaling, which occurs between cells in physical proximity, can also play a key role in shaping the outcomes of such processes. (imsc.res.in)
Our findings demonstrate that acquisition of MEK inhibitor resistance often occurs through gene amplification and can be suppressed by impeding cell cycle entry in drug. (babraham.ac.uk)

The lab showed that, while the AhR in these cancers could be hyper-activated with environmental chemicals, the receptor was already in the "on" position, even in the absence of such chemicals. (bu.edu)
Checkpoints are a safety mechanism on T cells that stop the immune cells from attacking healthy cells, but some cancers use them to hide from the immune system. (medicalxpress.com)

When the heavy chain is produced, it is transported to the cell surface by the Ig-α (CD79a) and Ig-β (CD82) heterodimers or by the surrogate light chain. (medscape.com)

Several HLA genes or haplotypes immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as of mid-1996 (1). (cdc.gov)
Defects occurring at the CLP stage or those affecting processes common to B- and T-cell development result in combined immunodeficiency involving B, T, and NK cells (see Combined B-Cell and T-Cell Disorders ). (medscape.com)

Binding of complement to a foreign substance, or antigen, amplifies and augments the body's innate immune system by means of its role as an opsonin (a factor that enhances phagocytosis of unwanted particles) and as a chemoattractant (a factor that recruits cells to areas of inflammation). (medscape.com)

All vectors will express a reporter/suicide gene, and they will be tested using in vivo models of liver and brain tumours. (europa.eu)
A sub-set of eyes were stained ex vivo after 3 days for retinal cell apoptosis (TUNEL). (bvsalud.org)

We adapt and forge these naturally evolved systems into powerful gene editing systems that are ultra-small, extremely efficient, highly specific and have a decreased risk of immune response. (businesswire.com)
Mass-cytometry-based quantitation of global histone post-translational modifications at single-cell resolution across peripheral immune cells in IBD. (stanford.edu)
We used epigenetic profiling by time-of-flight (EpiTOF) to investigate changes in histone modifications within peripheral blood mononuclear cells from IBD patients.We discovered substantial heterogeneity in histone modifications across multiple immune cell types in IBD patients. (stanford.edu)
Overview of the Immune System The immune system distinguishes self from nonself and eliminates potentially harmful nonself molecules and cells from the body. (msdmanuals.com)

NF-κB controls several genes involved in inflammation. (wikipedia.org)
The study demonstrated that Res prevents PQ-induced ROS production, inflammation, and fibrogenic reactions in cultured cells by activating Nrf2 signaling. (cdc.gov)

Earlier HIV infec- receptor gene polymorphism in HIV infection, tion diagnosis, inhibition of ongoing HIV replica- only genes of the HLA system were thought to tion with antiretroviral therapy (in industrialized protect against HIV infection. (cdc.gov)
ABSTRACT Reported associations between vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphism and type 1 diabetes mellitus vary across ethnic groups. (who.int)

Adoptive transfer of expanded natural killer cells inhibited the growth of established OPM2 and high-risk primary myeloma tumors grown in the murine model. (haematologica.org)
Though radiation therapy has previously been combined with T-cell boosting immunotherapy, it rarely succeeds in eliminating cold tumors. (medicalxpress.com)
These tumors are resistant to immunotherapy and poorly infiltrated by T cells. (medicalxpress.com)
Clonal expansion of T cells in 4T1 tumors post-therapy. (medicalxpress.com)

Dendritic cells in the skin act as sentinel APCs, taking up antigen, then traveling to local lymph nodes where they can activate T cells. (msdmanuals.com)

Intracellular antigens (eg, viruses) can be processed and presented to CD8 cytotoxic T cells by any nucleated cell because all nucleated cells express class I MHC molecules. (msdmanuals.com)

Mechanistically, FSH, via binding to hepatic FSHRs, activates the Gi2α/β-arrestin-2/Akt pathway and subsequently inhibits the binding of FoxO1 with the SREBP-2 promoter, thus preventing FoxO1 from repressing SREBP-2 gene transcription. (nature.com)
We previously showed that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ in β-cells regulates pdx-1 transcription through a functional PPAR response element (PPRE). (diabetesjournals.org)
Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, siRNA, and luciferase gene transcription assay in INS-1 cells were performed. (diabetesjournals.org)
They had a higher proportion of less differentiated CD34 + hematopoietic progenitors, and a subset of CD56 bright NK cells and γδ T cells characterized by distinct histone modifications associated with the gene transcription. (stanford.edu)

This phenomenon, called receptor editing, will rescue autoreactive B cells from apoptosis. (eur.nl)
This kinase is found to be necessary for BCL-ABL-mediated resistance to drug-induced apoptosis and therefore protects leukemia cells against drug-induced apoptosis. (nih.gov)
TNF-α is a major mediator that is rapidly upregulated, diffusing also to the retina and causes apoptosis of the ganglion cells and degeneration of their optic nerve axons (mediating steps to glaucomatous damage). (bvsalud.org)
For efficacy, 4.0 mg adalimumab subconjunctivally in 0.08 mL provided practically full protection against retinal cell apoptosis 3 days following alkali burn, and infliximab 100 mg only slightly less. (bvsalud.org)

1 Some of these, such as the MC1R 2 and ASIP 3 genes, have been fairly well studied and useful information has been obtained by examining mutation patterns at these loci. (creation.com)
X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA), also known as Bruton agammaglobulinemia, is the result of a mutation of the BTK gene. (medscape.com)

The primary transcript of the human RAGE gene (pre-mRNA) is thought to be alternatively spliced. (wikipedia.org)
The HA is also the primary target of neutralizing antibodies elicited by infection or vaccination, and the HA of virus from this specimen is very closely related (99% identity) to the A/Astrakhan/3212/2020-like pre-pandemic candidate vaccine viruses (e.g. (cdc.gov)
Here, we investigate amplification events that underlie resistance to the MEK inhibitor selumetinib (AZD6244/ARRY-142886) in COLO205 cells, a well-characterized model for reproducible emergence of drug resistance, and show that amplifications acquired are the primary cause of resistance. (babraham.ac.uk)
B cells' primary function is to develop into plasma cells, which manufacture and secrete antibodies. (msdmanuals.com)

The hemagglutinin (HA) gene codes for one of the two surface glycoproteins and is central to species specificity because it is responsible for virus attachment and fusion with host cells. (cdc.gov)
The affinity of a TCR for a given peptide epitope and the specificity of the binding are governed by the heterodimeric αβ T-cell receptors ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
In both TCRα and TCRβ chains, CDR3 loops have the highest sequence diversity and are the principal determinants of receptor binding specificity. (frontiersin.org)

Autoimmune diseases, independent of the steroid test Cyp Testosterone popularity in the role of pre-competition steroid. (showyou.com)
Steroid cycle is ideal, and receptor and that will are given with the questions on pages 251 and 252. (showyou.com)

Mechanistic analyses revealed that Res activated the oxidant/antioxidant-activated receptor Nrf2 to induce cytoprotective genes. (cdc.gov)

The full receptor consists of the following domains: The cytosolic domain, which is responsible for signal transduction, the transmembrane domain which anchors the receptor in the cell membrane, the variable domain which binds the RAGE ligands, and two constant domains. (wikipedia.org)

Various cell types can process and present these antigens to T cells, or antigens may be soluble and bound to B-cell receptors. (medscape.com)

Several downstream signaling pathways from the β-cell GIP-R have been characterized. (diabetesjournals.org)

Investigation of UTR Variants by Computational Approaches Reveal Their Functional Significance in PRKCI Gene Regulation. (nih.gov)
Variants in blood pressure genes and the risk of Accardi R, Rubino R, Scalise M et col . (2011). (who.int)

Total length of the gene is about 1400 base pairs (bp) including the promoter region, which partly overlaps with the PBX2 gene. (wikipedia.org)
Gene Bank blast for a homologous nucleotide sequence revealed the same PPRE within the rat glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIP-R) promoter sequence. (diabetesjournals.org)

isoforms and the 6 major RXRα, β and γ isoforms that belong to the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily, and act as ligand-dependent transcriptional regulators. (degruyter.com)

and (5) the up-regulation of global immunosuppression, i.e ., the up-regulation of immunoregulatory genes. (wjgnet.com)
On the other hand, if germ cells are forced to remain attached to the seminiferous epithelium for a period of time longer than necessary to complete their development, they will degenerate and eventually be phagocytosed by Sertoli cells and for this, proper regulation of germ cell migration in the seminiferous epithelium and at blood-testes barrier (abbreviated as BTB) is essential (Ref.1). (proteinlounge.com)

Combined T- and B-cell deficiencies manifest with signs and symptoms related to both B- and T-cell deficiency (see Combined B-Cell and T-Cell Disorders ). (medscape.com)

Cell-to-cell interactions set off a cascade of events that may result in T- or B-cell activation and, ultimately, host defense. (medscape.com)

These agents suppress the radiation-induced activation of receptor tyrosine kinases and nuclear factor-κB signaling, can modify cell survival and DNA repair efficacy, and may potentiate ceramide signaling. (nih.gov)
CXCR4 is the receptor for the C-X-C chemokine CXCL12/SDF-1 that transduces a signal by increasing intracellular calcium ion levels and enhancing MAPK1/MAPK3 activation. (thermofisher.com)
Role of Fc gamma receptors in triggering host cell activation and cytokine release by Borrelia burgdorferi. (southernbiotech.com)
Dual role of CD38 in microglial activation and activation-induced cell death. (southernbiotech.com)
Further, B cell antigen receptor (BCR) activation induced proteome profiles were studied in anti-IgM stimulated Ramos cells in a time series. (lu.se)

Clinical and dermatoscopic predictors of squamous cell carcinoma of the lips: a case-control, multicentric study. (cdc.gov)

The patient, 13-year-old Alyssa from Leicester, was diagnosed with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL) in 2021. (gosh.org)

Although defects may occur in many steps in B-cell development and maturation resulting in the lack of Ig production, the most common and well-described defect is the one at the stage of pro-B-cell to pre-B-cell maturation (see the image below). (medscape.com)
To view our previous 2DE proteomic results, click on Proteome analysis of B cell maturation. (lu.se)
To view the latest results, click on 2D-DIGE analysis of B cell maturation. (lu.se)
Here you can compare interactive 2D-DIGE images representing B cell proteomes for different maturation stages. (lu.se)

Anatomy36

Organisms10

Diseases8

Chemicals and Drugs122

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment13

Phenomena and Processes66

Information Science3

Immunoglobulin12

Antibody12

Encodes5

Protein26

Chemokine receptor family1

Cancer27

Recombination activ1

Aryl-hydrocar1

Macrophages7

Cytotoxicity1

Chimeric antigen2

Lymphocytes6

Specific receptors1

Viral12

Proliferation8

Signaling pathway5

Tumor9

Expression22

Cytokines2

Antigen-prese2

Mutations8

Tyrosine kinase3

Differentiation4

Proteins4

CRISPR4

Rearrangement3

Vitro4

Stem6

Bone14

20231

Cellular4

Pattern recognit2

Susceptibility4

Extracellular2

Inflammatory5

PMID1

Stromal cell1

Tumour cells1

Phenotypes1

Pancreatic4

Immunity3

Repertoire3

Therapeutic3

Occurs3

Cancers2

Surrogate light chain1

Immunodeficiency2

Innate1

Vivo2

Immune4

Inflammation2

Polymorphism2

Tumors4

APCs1

Cytotoxic1

Transcription4

Apoptosis4

Mutation2

Primary4

Specificity3

Steroid2

Induce1

Ligands1

Antigens to T cells1

Pathways1

Variants2

Promoter2

Transcriptional1

Regulation2

Disorders1

Host defense1

Activation5

Squamous cell carc1

20211

Maturation4