Genes oligonucleotide probes. Medical search. Frequent questions

Microarrays are a significant advance because of their small size and are therefore useful when one wants to survey a large number of genes quickly or when the study sample is small. (medscape.com)
Microarrays may be used to assay gene expression within a single sample or to compare gene expression in 2 different cell types or tissue samples, such as in healthy versus diseased tissue. (medscape.com)
DNA microarrays are simply platforms that consist of small solid supports onto which the sequences from thousands of different genes are attached at fixed locations. (medscape.com)
The 2 most common microarray technologies in use are the oligonucleotide microarrays and the robotically spotted complementary DNA (cDNA) microarrays. (medscape.com)
Oligonucleotide microarrays are manufactured by Affymetrix (Santa Clara, Calif) using photolithographic techniques. (medscape.com)
Whole genome cDNA microarrays as well as oligonucleotide microarrays including leukocyte-relevant genes will be used to characterize potential hgh-specific genes by comparing gene expression profiles of treated and untreated cells. (wada-ama.org)
Particularly in cancer research, where data are obtained by microarrays, identifying "biomarker" genes can potentially improve diagnostic accuracy for applying individual therapeutic or preventive treatments [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In today's research laboratory, two common ways that gene expression is assessed is by using quantitative polymerase chain reaction techniques (QTPCR) for monitoring expression of smaller numbers of genes, and by employing DNA microarrays for the highly parallel monitoring of thousands of genes (or the whole transcriptome). (ddw-online.com)
DNA microarrays take advantage of the major feature of the DNA double helix, the sequence complementarity of the two-paired strands, by using DNA capture probes which are the complement of the expressed target sequence (mRNA, cRNA or cDNA made from the mRNA). (ddw-online.com)
Two of the most common uses of the DNA microarrays are genetic analysis and the analysis of gene expression. (ddw-online.com)
This report will focus in using DNA microarrays for the analysis of gene expression or expression profiling, and how DNA chips are used for drug discovery and development. (ddw-online.com)
Affymetrix GeneChip microarrays are a powerful tool to study global gene expression profiles and have been used on many species. (cambridge.org)
Besides demonstrating that the probe selection method can be used to study the ovine transcriptome, the benefits of this approach are that it can greatly increase the number of annotated and novel genes that can be studied beyond those currently possible using ovine- or bovine-specific microarrays. (cambridge.org)
Transcribed RNA levels are often measured by hybridization to microarrays of oligonucleotide probes, in which each transcript is represented by multiple probes. (biomedcentral.com)
Data reduction is an issue because Affymetrix GeneChip oligonucleotide microarrays assay each target mRNA with a set of 11 to 16 pairs of 25-nucleotide DNA probes. (biomedcentral.com)
In short, the behavior of oligonucleotide microarrays is not adequately explained by models that only consider base complementarity. (biomedcentral.com)
The main advantage of aCGH over conventional CGH is the increased resolution achieved by microarrays with a large number of individual probes, routinely up to hundreds of thousands, covering the entire genome [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Multiplex assay is supplied with a tube of primers mixed in 1.5 mL aqueous solution and a tube of probes mixed in 1.5 mL aqueous solution. (cdc.gov)
The Chlamydia trachomatis assay uses LCR TM (ligase chain reaction) amplification technology in the LCx Probe System for the direct, qualitative detection of plasmid DNA of Chlamydia trachomatis. (cdc.gov)
The four oligonucleotide probes in the LCx assay recognize and hybridize to a specific target sequence within the C. trachomatis plasmid DNA. (cdc.gov)
The Neisseria gonorrhoeae assay uses LCR TM (ligase chain reaction) amplification technology in the LCx Probe System for the direct, qualitative detection of a specific target nucleic acid sequence in the Opa gene of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. (cdc.gov)
The probes for each assay were synthesised 5' FAM, TET, CIV, VIC, HEX or NED and 3' MGB - Eclipse Dark Quencher (EDQ), by both Biosearch Technologies (blue) and Competitor X (purple). (biosearchtech.com)
A point of note is that probe selection for the Affymetrix gene expression assay is biased towards the 3' end of transcripts. (xenbase.org)
For the eukaryotic gene expression assay, labeled antisense cRNA target is hybridized to the complementary 25mer probes. (xenbase.org)

[ 6 ] Both technologies use hybridization of labeled nucleic acid transcripts to measure the gene expression. (medscape.com)
Incorporating Locked Nucleic Acid into oligonucleotides increases thermal duplex stability 2 and improves the specificity of oligonucleotide hybridization to target sequences. (sigmaaldrich.com)
In addition, the improved hybridization of the PCR primer or qPCR probe to its target may increase the melting temperature (T m ) by up to 8 °C per Locked Nucleic Acid monomer substitution in medium salt conditions compared to native-state DNA oligonucleotides 4 ( Table 1 ). (sigmaaldrich.com)
Due to Locked Nucleic Acid's improved hybridization characteristics with accompanied increase in T m , Locked Nucleic Acid oligonucleotides can be synthesized to be shorter, which overcomes certain design limitations that occur with native-state DNA oligonucleotides. (sigmaaldrich.com)
To find additional hgh-candidate genes, suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) technology will be applied on hgh-treated PBMCs and on those cultured leukocyte subsets which showed a response to hgh before during in vitro studies. (wada-ama.org)
The method is based upon the broadly-applicable principles of fluorescence-resonance energy transfer (FRET) and nucleic acid hybridization using fluorogenic oligonucleotide signaling probes originally reported for in tubo qRT-PCR applications, transfected into living cells. (genelink.com)
In the presence of target sequence, hybridization of the sequence-specific probe results in a fluorogenic conformational change. (genelink.com)
Hybridization capture is a targeted next generation sequencing method that uses long, biotinylated oligonucleotide baits (probes) to hybridize to the regions of interest. (idtdna.com)
Hybridization capture, also called target enrichment, is one method of targeted next generation sequencing (other methods include the use of amplicons or molecular inversion probes). (idtdna.com)
To do this, we used 3 -end differential display, oligonucleotide chip array hybridization, and two-dimensional protein electrophoresis (2DE). (yale.edu)
This approach involves the intramolecular cross-linking of 5′ amine- and 3′ disulfide-modified MO oligonucleotides using appropriately functionalized tethers, generating macrocyclic structures that conformationally resist RNA hybridization. (cdc.gov)

The introduction of complementary DNA (cDNA) microarray technology in 1995 has helped to facilitate the identification and classification of DNA sequence information and the assignment of functions to these new genes by allowing investigators to analyze expression of thousands of genes simultaneously in a single experiment. (medscape.com)
[ 5 ] Because a microarray can be used to examine the expression of hundreds or thousands of genes at once, it promises to revolutionize the way gene expression is examined. (medscape.com)
Example of an approximately 40,000 probe spotted oligo microarray with enlarged inset to show detail. (medscape.com)
This cDNA can then be fluorescently labeled and hybridized to the target gene sequences on the microarray. (medscape.com)
Using an oligonucleotide-based microarray, we normalized the transcriptomic data by genomic DNA signals in order to have access to inter-gene comparison data. (biomedcentral.com)
Microarray technology will be used to search for changes in leukocyte gene expression which are directly related to the application of human growth hormone (hgh). (wada-ama.org)
After confirming SSH-genes to be differentially expressed in a series of microarray experiments, oligonucleotide probes will be designed for both SSH-genes and the candidate genes identified along gene expression profiling using whole genome/leukocyte relevant arrays. (wada-ama.org)
To establish a selective "hgh-chip" the newly designed oligonucleotide probes for the hghcandidate genes will be printed on a microarray. (wada-ama.org)
We take a look at the use of DNA microarray for gene expression or expression profiling and how DNA chips are used for drug discovery and development as a whole. (ddw-online.com)
Here, we show, by microarray analysis, that wtp53 lost the target gene activation following stable knockdown of HIPK2 (HIPK2i) in colon cancer cell line. (aacrjournals.org)
In the present study, we explored the interaction network of DEGs between responders and non-responders along with interrelated signaling pathways in LACC by analyzing the expression profile of gene expression microarray data (GSE56303-GPL10191, GSE56303-GPL16025, and GSE56363) using bioinformatics tools. (researchsquare.com)
For normalization of array-CGH data, methods initially developed for gene expression microarray analysis have, in general, been directly adopted and used. (biomedcentral.com)
In much the same way as for gene expression microarray analysis, relative ratios must be normalized to account for systemic technical bias while retaining relevant biological changes [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The differentially expressed genes can be classified as genes involved in protein synthesis, cell cycle, signal transduction, apoptosis, mitochondrial-related proteins, and immune responses. (usda.gov)
Then they perform supervised analyses to identify differentially methylated or expressed genes. (scientistlive.com)
b) To create cell lines, one or more Chromo-Tagged cDNAs are transfected into cells, the transfected cells are exposed to differentially-labeled signaling probes and individual positive cells are isolated using flow cytometry. (genelink.com)
The majority of the top 15 differentially expressed genes for each tissue were known to either be expressed in a tissue-specific manner or relate to specific functions of that tissue. (cambridge.org)
Gene ontology analysis of the differentially expressed genes revealed the expected differences in gene expression profiles between the two tissues. (cambridge.org)
We identified 580 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in LACCk, which were mainly invovled in Human papillomavirus infection, focal adhesion, and ECM-receptor interaction signaling pathways. (researchsquare.com)
In both cases, DNA from two samples are differentially labeled with fluorescent dyes and co-hybridized to immobilized genomic capture probes. (biomedcentral.com)

Probe and primer sequences are identical to InfA sequences used by the CDC Human Influenza Real-Time RT-PCR Diagnostic Panel [510(k) no. (cdc.gov)
Probe labeled with Yakima Yellow reporter at the 5′ end, a ZEN quencher between nt 9 and 10, and an Iowa Black FQ quencher at the 3′ end (Integrated DNA Technologies, Inc.). Probe and primer sequences identical to InfB sequences used by the CDC Human Influenza Virus Real-Time RT-PCR Detection and Characterization Panel [510(k) no. (cdc.gov)
This process is repeated to build specific oligonucleotide sequences. (medscape.com)
Specifically, Locked Nucleic Acid oligonucleotides can be designed to address traditionally problematic target sequences, such as AT- or GC-rich regions. (sigmaaldrich.com)
CHROMOVERT® PROCESS a) cDNAs are subcloned for expression of mRNAs comprising 3' untranslated plasmid-encoded Chromo-Tag™ sequences for detection using fluorogenic oligonucleotide signaling probes. (genelink.com)
Two basic types of probe sets are created: 1) those that represent gene sequences uniquely, 2) those that represent multiple closely related gene sequences. (xenbase.org)

The Oligo ExplorerTM stand alone application package contains tools for designing and searching primers and probes. (softlookup.com)
Furthermore, LNA® offers the possibility to adjust Tm values of primers and probes in multiplex assays. (eurogentec.com)

MGB assays were designed for the E. coli gene lacZ. (biosearchtech.com)
We also give guidelines for primer design and for the evaluation of assays using synthetic oligonucleotides. (lu.se)

While transcription of prokaryotic protein-coding genes creates messenger RNA (mRNA) that is ready for translation into protein, transcription of eukaryotic genes leaves a primary transcript of RNA (pre-RNA), which first has to undergo a series of modifications to become a mature RNA. (wikipedia.org)
Because the locations of the probes are known, the intensity and pattern of the labeled mRNA can be used to measure the expression of the targeted gene. (medscape.com)
Our analysis showed that mRNA abundances, gene organization (operon) and gene essentiality are correlated in Buchnera (i.e., the most expressed genes are essential genes organized in operons) whereas no link between mRNA abundances and gene strand bias was found. (biomedcentral.com)
We identified a large number of genes whose mRNA levels are modulated during differentiation of MPRO cells. (yale.edu)
We used an oligonucleotide chip containing 13,179 probe sets corresponding to about 7000 murine genes to analyze patterns of mRNA expression in the same RNA samples used for DD. (yale.edu)

In addition, we provide tutorials on model validation (evaluation of target gene and ligand activity), model construction and parameter optimization such that users can benchmark their methods against NicheNet and construct their own models (for example, with their own data sources to include more cell type specificity). (nature.com)
The improved stability increases the specificity to the target and allows for a shorter probe design. (biosearchtech.com)
The MGB moiety at the 3' end increases the melting temperature (Tm) and stabilises binding, allowing a shorter probe with improved sequence specificity. (biosearchtech.com)
Independent measurements provided by multiple probes are required for specificity and sensitivity. (xenbase.org)
Compared to DNA Double-Dye probes, LNA® Double-Dye probes exhibit higher thermal stabilities, specificity and reproducibility. (eurogentec.com)
Non-natural oligonucleotides are valuable probes of biological systems, as they can convey synthetic control of endogenous nucleic acids with high sequence specificity. (cdc.gov)

In this study, we conducted a comprehensive chicken gene expression profiling using oligonucleotide-based Affymetrix GeneChip Chicken Genome Arrays. (usda.gov)

These arrays contain probes for 32,773 chicken transcripts corresponding to more than 28,000 chicken genes. (usda.gov)
These chicken genome arrays have considerable promise as a valuable tool in understanding the molecular mechanism regulating MDV cytolytic and latent infection, and providing insights into the chicken gene expression pattern and associated biological pathways in response to different phases of viral pathogenesis. (usda.gov)
Results obtained from gene expression profiling utilising whole genome arrays were in accordance with published data. (wada-ama.org)
The information obtained by oligonucleotide arrays was collected in the database dbMCa. (yale.edu)
Currently, specialized high-density arrays with oligonucleotide probes or probes derived from BAC clones are predominately used. (biomedcentral.com)

In the first phase of the project cell lines of specific leukocyte subsets (THP-1/monocyte, IM-9/T lymphocyte, H9/B lymphocyte), PBMCs (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) from healthy donors, respectively will be treated in vitro with hgh to identify candidate genes influenced by hghapplication. (wada-ama.org)
Human papillomavirus infection, focal adhesion, and ECM-receptor interaction signaling pathway are related to the failure of CCRT for LACC, which warrants further research to improve CCRT sensitivity in LACC targeting on these candidate genes or pathways. (researchsquare.com)

Previous studies were critical on Methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and Methicillin sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) which has posed a serious therapeutic challenge and multidrug resistance among hospitalized individuals with the detection of mec A genes and other virulence genes 3 , 4 . (scialert.net)
However, owing to paucity of information on the methicillin sensitive strains and the detection of both resistant and virulent genes from other studies have not been linked with wound and burn samples, thus the need for this study. (scialert.net)
Locked Nucleic Acid PCR primers and qPCR probes are compatible with all real-time thermocyclers and end-point analytical detection instruments. (sigmaaldrich.com)
In the present work we combined the use of fluorescence labelled oligonucleotides with ARMS technology for the simultaneous detection of 4 SNPs without using common primers. (biomedcentral.com)
Probes that enable the visualisation and detection of intracellular RNA have become important tools to measure and quantify how a cell responds to external stimuli such as exposure to drugs or toxins. (outsourcing-pharma.com)

Minor Groove Binder (MGB) Probes are dual-labeled 5' hydrolysis probes consisting of a 5' fluorescent reporter dye and a 3' Eclipse Dark Quencher (EDQ) conjugated to a MGB moiety. (biosearchtech.com)
Here, we describe a protocol to quantify microRNA editing isoforms using two-tailed RT-qPCR, with either SYBR Green or hydrolysis probes. (lu.se)

The intensity of fluorescence is analyzed and correlates with expression of the gene. (medscape.com)
Fluorescence Probing, Da An Gene Co. (bvsalud.org)

In this study, we demonstrate that gDNA-based probe selection on the Affymetrix Human U133+2 GeneChip array can be used to study gene expression profiles in sheep tissues. (cambridge.org)

In combination with transgenic organisms, such enzyme-actuated antisense tools will enable gene silencing in specific cell types, including tissues that are not amenable to optical targeting. (cdc.gov)

As a leading supplier of premium custom oligonucleotides, siRNA, fluorescent probes, genetic tools and reagents, researchers turn to Gene Link products for demanding applications and consistent results. (softlookup.com)
"In addition to their use in the context of siRNA knockdown experiments, nano-flares will also be of utility in other areas such as cell sorting, gene profiling and real-time drug validation studies," write the authors. (outsourcing-pharma.com)

Double-Dye Oligonucleotides have a fluorescent reporter dye and a quencher at their 5' and 3' ends, respectively. (eurogentec.com)

While exome capture methods using PCR, hybrid capture and molecular inversion probes exist, the most common and efficient strategies are in-solution capture methods. (digitaljournal.com)

The technology utilizes fluorogenic oligonucleotide signaling probes and flow cytometry to detect and isolate individual living cells expressing one or more genes. (genelink.com)
In-solution capture utilizes pools of oligonucleotides or probes bound to magnetic beads, whose sequence has been designed to hybridize to exon regions. (digitaljournal.com)

When choosing between exome and whole genome sequencing (WGS), consider that exome sequencing has the advantage that oligonucleotides are designed to particular genomic regions where typical coverage with WGS is not enough for SNP calling. (digitaljournal.com)

RNA polymerase I is responsible for transcription of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. (wikipedia.org)
RNA polymerase III transcribes 5S rRNA, transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and some small non-coding RNAs (e.g., 7SK). (wikipedia.org)
This method was used to measure the number of copies of repeated genes such as rRNA genes (2) and to measure whether specific genes were under-replicated during the replication process used in forming polytene chromosomes (3). (ddw-online.com)

[ 2 , 3 ] Conventional techniques of gene investigation in cancer rely on the identification of single genetic alterations associated with disease. (medscape.com)
Since genetic dissection of genes within alien segments in wheat was not possible due to lack of recombination, the question arose as to whether the apparent durability of such resistances might be due to multiple genes rather than a single gene. (nature.com)
Genetic disorders are generally caused by any mutation in a gene or human genome. (kaminenihospitals.com)
Multifactorial genetic inheritance disorders are caused by or influenced by more than one factor including genes and other factors too. (kaminenihospitals.com)
Inheritance being multifactorial, genetic variants in multiple genes interact both with each other and with the environment [ 13 - 20 ]. (hindawi.com)
For more than two decades Gene Link has been providing researchers with the finest genetic research tools. (softlookup.com)
Data from these define genetic and non-genetic variation, define a measure of heritability for expression of individual genes, and provide the basis for a new method of data reduction for genetical genomics. (biomedcentral.com)

Some genes, such as RELA and GADD45B , were predicted to extensively involve these critical pathways, indicating their potential functions in OA mechanisms. (frontiersin.org)
In conclusion, this study identified the significant modules, signaling pathways, and hub genes relevant to OA and highlighted the potential clinical value of anisomycin and MG-262 as novel therapies in OA management. (frontiersin.org)
Thus, the key pathways and genes associated with CCRT in LACC should be identified urgently. (researchsquare.com)
Therefore, we need to look for genes and signaling pathways associated with the treatment of LACC. (researchsquare.com)

[ 7 ] They consist of a glass surface onto which oligonucleotides consisting of 25 bases are built a single nucleotide at a time. (medscape.com)
Mutational genomics and targeted exome capture identify Sr26 and Sr61 as separate single genes that encode unrelated (34.8%) nucleotide binding site leucine rich repeat proteins. (nature.com)

The agarose gel electrophoresis of the PCR products of mec A and sea genes showed amplicon size of 657 bp for mec A and 526 bp for sea genes after amplification of the antibiotic resistant S. aureus strains. (scialert.net)

The completion of the sequencing of the human genome has uncovered 32,000 to 35,000 predicted genes, offering the prospect for many more drugable targets. (ddw-online.com)
However, many of the probes are difficult to transfect and can be unstable in cellular environments, often leading to high background signals and a diminished ability to detect targets. (outsourcing-pharma.com)

The individual DNA strands are called probes. (medscape.com)
The asymmetry of the distribution of the genes between the two strands of DNA is explained as being a means of minimizing interruptions in gene transcription due to collisions between the DNA and RNA polymerases. (biomedcentral.com)

The use of recombinant inbred lines allows an estimate of the heritability of expression measured by individual probes. (biomedcentral.com)

The termini of the signaling probes are covalently linked to a fluorophore or quencher paired to absorb its emission. (genelink.com)
Researchers from Northwestern University, US, led by Professor Chad Mirkin, have published details in an early access article in the Journal of the American Chemical Society of how oligonucleotide-modified gold nanoparticle probes can be hybridised to fluorophore components to enable RNA quantification in living cells. (outsourcing-pharma.com)
3' exonuclease activity of the Taq DNA polymerase cleaves the fluorophore from the probe. (eurogentec.com)

RNA polymerase II (Pol II) transcribes all protein-coding genes but also some non-coding RNAs (e.g., snRNAs, snoRNAs or long non-coding RNAs). (wikipedia.org)
Indeed, bacterial genomes carry, on average, from 78% (for genomes containing the polymerase PolC) to 58% (for the other genomes) of their genes on the leading strand [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The imaging results were consistent with reverse transcriptase PCR (polymerase chain reaction) measurements and flow cytometry experiments showed uniform cellular internalisation of the probes. (outsourcing-pharma.com)
A small amount of DNA can be amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) process, which can produce millions of copies of a gene or gene segments. (msdmanuals.com)

The increased quenching efficiency of MGB Probes improves sensitivity with lower background noise and a higher signal-to-noise ratio. (biosearchtech.com)

The oligonuleotides are designed to be complementary to the target sequence so that in the presence of target, the probes will bind adjacent to one another. (cdc.gov)
T m of duplex between an oligonucleotide and its complementary sequence. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Analysis of gene expression can include measuring expression levels of a small set of genes to whole genome expression monitoring. (ddw-online.com)

This approach can greatly increase the number of potential annotated genes that can be studied beyond that which is currently available, particularly for species that do not have comprehensively characterised genomes. (cambridge.org)

Laboratories are demanding ever more sensitivity and reliability from their gene expression analysis technologies. (scientistlive.com)

The quantification of PCR products indicated that sea genes (virulence enterotoxin factor) were detected from the antibiotic resistant staphylococci ranging from 0-13551.84 nmoles while, the quantification of mec A genes detected ranged from 0-2601.76 nmoles. (scialert.net)

Regulation of gene expression gives control over the timing, location, and amount of a given gene product (protein or ncRNA) present in a cell and can have a profound effect on the cellular structure and function. (wikipedia.org)
Regulation of gene expression is the basis for cellular differentiation, development, morphogenesis and the versatility and adaptability of any organism. (wikipedia.org)
Gene regulation may therefore serve as a substrate for evolutionary change. (wikipedia.org)
Gene organization in the bacterial chromosome has very well known effects on transcription and a standard example is the organization of genes into operons, which allows for a sophisticated regulation of gene expression [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Genes for non-apoptotic cell death and regulation of osmotic pressure were down-regulated. (wada-ama.org)
Given the ability of these materials to also act as gene regulation agents, these probes may be easily adapted to simultaneously transfect, control and visualise gene expression in real time. (outsourcing-pharma.com)
MicroRNAs are short non-coding RNAs with important functions in the regulation of gene expression in healthy and diseased tissues. (lu.se)

ligand-to-target signaling path visualization and assessment of how well prioritized ligands explain changes in gene expression in the receiver cell. (nature.com)
This study aims to explore its mechanism by defining changes in gene expression between neoplastic and normal tissue samples before and after treatment. (karger.com)

It could be employed in place of RT-PCR or other reverse transcriptase-based methods to detect RNA via RNA-based probe ligation, and could also be used to detect RNA mutations. (genomeweb.com)
To detect and quantify antibiotic resistant and virulence genes present in methicillin sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) strains from wounds and burns patients. (scialert.net)
Objective: To detect the presence and transmission of S. mutans carrier of the spaP gene in samples of bacterial plaque in mother/child pairs from municipal child education centers, and the possible association with dental caries. (bvsalud.org)
Gene probes can detect a number of disorders before and after birth. (msdmanuals.com)

687 genes differentiated tumor samples before and after treatment, among which 310 genes did not show the same differential expression in the placebo group or normal samples. (karger.com)
The present invention relates to methods, kits and systems for predicting the benefit from inclusion of taxane in a chemotherapy regimen based on the measurements of gene expression levels in tumor samples of breast cancer patients. (justia.com)

Computational methods that model how gene expression of a cell is influenced by interacting cells are lacking. (nature.com)
Databases used to create the NicheNet model are mentioned and referred to in the Methods section Collection of ligand-receptor, intracellular signaling and gene regulatory interactions , in Supplementary Table 1 and in the Supplementary Notes . (nature.com)
To investigate the effects of loss of β1 function in vivo , we have used gene-targeting methods to produce β1(-/-) mice, and we have analyzed their neuronal phenotypes. (jneurosci.org)
Several alternative methods have been proposed to combine multiple probe-specific values into a single expression estimate. (biomedcentral.com)
RMA provides statistically robust averaging methods, dChip fits a model that allows probe-specific binding affinities, and PDNN fits a model that allows sequence-specific binding affinities and nearest-neighbor stacking interactions. (biomedcentral.com)

Furthermore, single-cell transcriptome sequencing was used to elucidate the cell type composition of the cervix sample and analyze the expression levels of key genes in cells. (researchsquare.com)

The locus of the psl polysacchide genes encode the cells to adhere to a surface and thus maintaining the biofilm structure. (ukessays.com)
These nucleic acid polymers encode for the all of the materials an organism needs to live in the form of genes. (wikibooks.org)

Green) mutant DNA analysis with native-state DNA mutant probe (25mer). (sigmaaldrich.com)
Red) wild-type DNA with native-state DNA mutant probe (25mer). (sigmaaldrich.com)
Gene transcripts are represented by probe sets that consist of multiple 25mer oligonucleotides. (xenbase.org)
A probe pair consists of a 25mer perfect match oligo and a reference 25mer mismatch oligo. (xenbase.org)

Locked Nucleic Acid in PCR primers, qPCR probes, and other types of oligonucleotides is soluble in water and standard buffers as well as follows Watson-Crick base-pairing rules. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Table 1 Increasing the number of Locked Nucleic Acid bases in an oligonucleotide increases the T m . (sigmaaldrich.com)
The ability of oligonucleotides to discriminate between alleles via SNPs is greatly enhanced by the incorporation of Locked Nucleic Acid bases 6-8 ( Figure 2 ). (sigmaaldrich.com)
The presence of a single base mismatch has a greater destabilizing effect on the duplex formation between an Locked Nucleic Acid oligonucleotide and its target than with a native-state DNA oligonucleotide. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Shorter oligonucleotides incorporating Locked Nucleic Acid bases can be used at the same temperatures as longer native-state DNA oligonucleotides. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Locked Nucleic Acid Dual-Labeled Probes discriminate better than DNA Dual-Labeled Probes in SNP genotyping analysis9. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Pink) mutant DNA analysis with Locked Nucleic Acid mutant probe (16mer with 3 Locked Nucleic Acid bases). (sigmaaldrich.com)
Purple) wild-type DNA with Locked Nucleic Acid mutant Probe (16mer with 3 Locked Nucleic Acid bases). (sigmaaldrich.com)
With Locked Nucleic Acid oligonucleotides, the selective placement of Locked Nucleic Acid bases facilitates the optimal design of highly-specific, shorter oligonucleotides that perform well, even at lengths of only 13 to 20 bases. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Also, the design of oligonucleotides for targeting difficult SNPs, such as the relatively stable G:T mismatch, is greatly facilitated by Locked Nucleic Acid. (sigmaaldrich.com)
During the proposed project new, nucleic acid-based analytical techniques will be used to gain insight into specific effects of hgh on gene expression of leukocytes. (wada-ama.org)

This study detected the presence of antibiotic resistant and virulence genes associated with MRSA in MSSA, which calls for urgent clinical and pharmaceutical attention. (scialert.net)
These datasets included gene expression and clinical information from a total of 1,072 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. (bioconductor.org)

In addition, the nanoparticles were shown to be very resistant to enzymatic breakdown enabling the nano-flares to work as effective intracellular probes. (outsourcing-pharma.com)
To reduce the risk of analyzing cell line- pathway can be divided into distinct stages based on the specific features, we used several representative cell lines for recombination status of the Ig genes and on the expression each of four major stages in B cell development: pro-B, pre-B, pattern of surface markers and the presence of intracellular proteins [1- 6]. (lu.se)

Affymetrix probe sets typically consist of 11 to 16 probe pairs. (xenbase.org)
The probes consist of 13 nm gold nanoparticles, functionalised with an 18-base recognition element to a specific RNA transcript via a gold thiol bond. (outsourcing-pharma.com)

For example, AT-rich native-state DNA oligonucleotides often need to be over 30 bases long (sometimes over 40 bases) to satisfy amplicon design guidelines but may still perform poorly. (sigmaaldrich.com)
The optimal recommended length of Double-Dye Oligonucleotide probes is 25 bases. (eurogentec.com)
The maximum length of Double-Dye Oligonucleotides is 35 bases. (eurogentec.com)

However, the subsequent appearance of new, diverse virulent isolates means that most of these cloned Sr genes have been overcome by at least one Pgt race within and/or beyond the Ug99 lineage. (nature.com)
However, as there is no current Pgt race known to be virulent to either resistance gene, it was not possible to unambiguously determine whether the recombinant introgression carried a single or both genes. (nature.com)

We present NicheNet ( https://github.com/saeyslab/nichenetr ), a method that predicts ligand-target links between interacting cells by combining their expression data with prior knowledge on signaling and gene regulatory networks. (nature.com)
The scanner that records the intensity value is linked to digital image analysis software, which produces a color-coded image of the array, and a quantitative value is recorded for each target gene. (medscape.com)
Upon depletion of RBPJ using CRISPR/Cas9, we observed specific upregulation of Notch target gene expression. (mdpi.com)
In this study, we employed the weighted gene co-expression network (WGCNA) method and the connectivity map (CMap) database to identify the candidate target genes and potential compounds. (frontiersin.org)
The 3' MGB moiety binds non-covalently to the minor groove and stabilises the target-probe duplex, effectively increasing the T m of the duplex. (biosearchtech.com)
Our data show that the stable knockdown of HIPK2 led to wtp53 misfolding, as detected by p53 immunoprecipitation with conformation-specific antibodies, and that p53 protein misfolding impaired p53 DNA binding and transcription of target genes. (aacrjournals.org)
We present evidence that zinc supplementation to HIPK2i cells increased p53 reactivity to conformation-sensitive PAb1620 (wild-type conformation) antibody and restored p53 sequence-specific DNA binding in vivo and transcription of target genes in response to Adriamycin treatment. (aacrjournals.org)
The minor sensitive gene target was RdRP. (bvsalud.org)

A shorter probe has greater quenching efficiency because the dye is closer to the quencher. (biosearchtech.com)
They show better mismatch discrimination which allows the use of shorter probes. (eurogentec.com)

The polymorphic variants of the IGF genes may serve as a susceptibility factor for pancreatic cancer. (aacrjournals.org)
Apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene variants have been reported to influence psoriasis risk. (hindawi.com)
Exome sequencing is a capture based method developed to identify variants in the coding region of genes which affect protein function. (digitaljournal.com)

The expression analysis of limited viral and host transcripts have revealed differences in gene expression pattern during cytolytic and latent phases of MDV infection. (usda.gov)

Exon 8 of the mouse α 6 subunit gene was disrupted by homologous recombination. (jneurosci.org)
For example, cerebellar granule cells express six subunit genes abundantly (α 1 , α 6 , β 2 , β 3 , γ 2 , and δ), and so they probably have several distinct GABA A receptor subtypes of unknown subunit stoichiometry. (jneurosci.org)

Furthermore, as many applications, like genotyping or gene expression profiling, are requiring small amounts of several different probes, Eurogentec has developed a high-throughput platform to produce high quality small scale Real-Time qPCR Double-Dye probes. (eurogentec.com)

The sequence analysis of the 32-35,000 predicted genes indicates the there may be as many as 1,000 kinase or kinase-like genes. (ddw-online.com)

Previously, a probe-selection method based on hybridisation of genomic DNA (gDNA) was developed, which enables GeneChips to be used for species that they were not designed for. (cambridge.org)

Anatomy8

Organisms40

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs75

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment47

Phenomena and Processes74

Disciplines and Occupations6

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science8

Health Care16

Microarrays17

Assay7

Hybridization11

Microarray13

Differentially7

Sequences6

Primers and probes2

Assays2

MRNA5

Specificity6

Affymetrix Genechip1

Arrays5

Candidate genes2

Detection5

Hydrolysis probes2

Fluorescence2

Genechip1

Antisense1

SiRNA2

Fluorescent reporter dye1

Molecular inversion probes1

Utilizes2

Genomic regions1

RRNA3

Genetic7

Pathways4

Nucleotide2

Amplification1

Targets2

Strands2

Individual probes1

Fluorophore3

Polymerase4

Improves1

Complementary2

Whole genome1

Genomes1

Sensitivity1

Quantification1

Regulation7

Changes in gene expression2

Detect4

Tumor samples2

Methods5

Transcriptome1

Encode2

25mer4

Nucleic acid11

Clinical2

Intracellular2

Consist2

Bases3

Virulent2

Target8

Shorter2

Variants3

Differences in gene expression1

Subunit2

QPCR1

Kinase1

Hybridisation1