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Histocompatibility Antigens Class IIMinor Histocompatibility AntigensHistocompatibility Antigens Class IHistocompatibility AntigensHLA-DQ AntigensHLA-DR AntigensHLA-DQ beta-ChainsGenes, MHC Class IIHLA-D AntigensHLA-DRB1 ChainsMajor Histocompatibility ComplexHLA-DR Serological SubtypesHLA AntigensMinor Histocompatibility LociH-2 AntigensAllelesHLA-DP beta-ChainsAntigensHLA-DP AntigensHLA-B AntigensHLA-A AntigensH-Y AntigenHistocompatibilityT-Lymphocytes, CytotoxicT-LymphocytesHistocompatibility TestingGenes, MHC Class IAntigens, SurfaceAntigens, Neoplasmbeta 2-MicroglobulinEpitopesAntigens, BacterialAntigen PresentationGene FrequencyMolecular Sequence DataAmino Acid SequenceHaplotypesMice, Inbred StrainsIsoantigensAntigens, ViralLymphocyte ActivationCytotoxicity, ImmunologicHLA-B7 AntigenGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseCell LineImmunogeneticsInterferon-gammaPeptidesHistocompatibility Antigen H-2DIsoantibodiesMice, Inbred C57BLMice, Inbred BALB CAntibodies, MonoclonalHLA-A2 AntigenTransplantation, HomologousReceptors, Antigen, T-CellTransplantation ImmunologySkin TransplantationGraft vs Host DiseaseHLA-B40 AntigenBeta-GlobulinsGenotypeCD8-Positive T-LymphocytesHistocompatibility, Maternal-FetalCytotoxicity Tests, ImmunologicHLA-A1 AntigenHLA-B35 AntigenFlow CytometryB-LymphocytesSpleenAntigen-Presenting CellsLymphocytesGraft vs Leukemia EffectGraft vs Host ReactionBase SequenceCD4-Positive T-LymphocytesImmune ToleranceClone CellsAntigens, CD8Lymphocyte Culture Test, MixedGraft RejectionAntigens, CDHLA-C AntigensAntigen-Antibody ReactionsCells, CulturedDendritic CellsBone Marrow TransplantationMice, Inbred C3HAntigens, Differentiation, B-LymphocyteEpitopes, T-LymphocytePolymorphism, GeneticAntigens, ProtozoanTumor Cells, CulturedGraft vs Tumor EffectAntibody FormationChromium IsotopesImmunity, CellularReceptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-betaPeptide FragmentsHLA-B27 Antigen
PeptidesHumansLymphocytesMacrophagesSuppresses major histocoGeneticPrimarily on antigen-preseInvolved in antigen presentationProteinsAllelesTransmembranePeptideInterrogating antigen-specificRECEPTORSRegulationImmunologicHaplotypesMiceCellsInvariant chainGenotypeProtein antigensGlycoproteinsAntibodiesDRB1PolymorphicReceptorMonoclonalCellularEncodesHumanGraft rejectionPresentationMajor histocompatibEpitopesAdaptivePolysaccharideExpressionDQB1Polymorphism2021GenomicComplexMolecularLocusAntibodyAllogeneicLeucocyteAminoRecombinantCellChainAlphaSerologicalPolymorphisms
Peptides13
  • MHC class II proteins display these peptides to the immune system. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Binding to Ii ensures that no antigen peptides from the endogenous pathway meant for MHC class I molecules accidentally bind to the groove of MHC class II molecules. (wikipedia.org)
  • CLIP blocks peptide-binding until HLA-DM interacts with MHC II, releasing CLIP and allowing other peptides to bind. (wikipedia.org)
  • Antigens are peptides or recombinant or native dependent on the production method. (histoready.com)
  • Peptides that are antigenic for T lymphocytes are ligands for two receptors, the class I or II glycoproteins that are encoded by genes in the major histocompatibility complex, and the idiotypic / chain T-cell antigen receptor1-9. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • From a compilation of known antigenic peptides, two algorithms have been proposed to predict antigenic sites in proteins. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Sequence-based predictive systems, based on identifying patterns in peptides with experimentally determined binding strength, are widely used to facilitate the identification of binding peptides to MHC class II molecules. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The peptide-binding groove of MHC class II molecules can accommodate peptides of 13-25 amino acids in length. (tutorialspoint.com)
  • Ii is synthesized in the ER and binds to the peptide-binding groove of the MHC class II molecule, preventing it from binding to peptides in the ER. (tutorialspoint.com)
  • Once the MHC class II molecule has been transported to the cell surface, the invariant chain is cleaved and removed by proteases, allowing peptides to bind to the peptide-binding groove. (tutorialspoint.com)
  • The peptides that bind to the MHC class II molecule are derived from extracellular proteins that have been internalized by the cell via endocytosis or phagocytosis. (tutorialspoint.com)
  • The peptide-binding groove of MHC class II molecules has a high degree of specificity for certain amino acids, allowing the binding of a wide variety of peptides. (tutorialspoint.com)
  • Endogenous antigens degraded into peptides within cytosol by proteasomes. (oneclass.com)
Humans4
  • HLA class II histocompatibility antigen gamma chain also known as HLA-DR antigens-associated invariant chain or CD74 (Cluster of Differentiation 74), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD74 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • The genes are found in the HLA-D region in humans and include H-2M, I-A, and I-E loci in mice. (nih.gov)
  • The class II antigens in humans are called HLA-D ANTIGENS and are coded by a gene on chromosome 6. (edu.au)
  • In humans, highly polymorphic genes on CHROMOSOME 6 encode the alpha subunits of class I antigens and play an important role in determining the serological specificity of the surface antigen. (edu.au)
Lymphocytes10
  • It detects a polymorphic determinant present on B cells, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and activated T lymphocytes from mice carrying the H-2 b, H-2 d, H-2 q, H-2 p, H-2 r and H-2 u but not from mice carrying the H-2 s or H-2 f haplotypes. (thermofisher.com)
  • The antigens are found on B-lymphocytes, macrophages, epidermal cells, and sperm and are thought to mediate the competence of and cellular cooperation in the immune response. (edu.au)
  • The process by which antigen is presented to lymphocytes in a form they can recognize. (edu.au)
  • Molecules on the surface of T-lymphocytes that recognize and combine with antigens. (edu.au)
  • The amounts of class II mRNA expressed by NS1 cells were at least equivalent to those found in splenic lymphocytes. (ox.ac.uk)
  • MHC-I and MHC-II proteins are key components of the antigen presentation machinery responsible for neoantigen presentation to CD8 + and CD4 + T lymphocytes, respectively. (portlandpress.com)
  • McIntosh R.S., Tandon N., Pickerill A.P., Davies R., Barnett D., Weetman A.P. IL-2 receptor-positive intrathyroidal lymphocytes in Graves' disease. (rusmedserv.com)
  • This analysis is consistent with the possibility that position B74 of exon 2 of the DRB1 molecule may have a specific and central role in autoantigen presentation by DRB1 to T lymphocytes. (lincoln.ac.uk)
  • Human immune-response or Class II antigens found mainly, but not exclusively, on B-lymphocytes and produced from genes of the HLA-D locus. (edu.au)
  • Recent studies using cloned antigen-specific T lymphocytes and monoclonal antibodies directed at their various surface glycoprotein components have led to identification of the human T cell antigen receptor as a surface complex comprised of a clonotypic 90 kDa Ti heterodimer and the invariant 20 and 25 kDa T3 molecules. (ox.ac.uk)
Macrophages6
  • MHC (major histocompatibility complex) class II molecules are transmembrane glycoproteins expressed on the surface of professional antigen-presenting cells, such as macrophages, dendritic cells and B cells. (thermofisher.com)
  • MHC class II molecules are found primarily on antigen-presenting cells (APCs), such as dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells. (tutorialspoint.com)
  • Class ii molecules restricted to b cells, macrophages & dendritic cells * apc. (oneclass.com)
  • in blood and tissues, monocytes Антигенпрезентуючі клітини in blood, macrophages Антигенпрезентуючі клітини in tissues) ingest and destroy invading antigens. (msdmanuals.com)
  • These macrophages, in addition to smooth muscle cells, activate T cells by presenting antigens, including oxidized LDL. (medscape.com)
  • Other trophic factors, such as IL-2, TNF-α, and granulocyte-macrophage stimulating factor, cause activated T cells to produce interferon-γ, TNF-α, and TNF-β, leading to stimulation of macrophages and further up-regulation of leukocyte adhesion molecules. (medscape.com)
Suppresses major histoco1
Genetic4
  • Genetic loci in the vertebrate major histocompatibility complex that encode polymorphic products which control the immune response to specific antigens. (nih.gov)
  • The co-expression of MHC class I protein and I-A and I-E region gene transcripts provides strong evidence that the MHC gene cluster is structurally intact, and that lack of class II expression is due to a genetic regulatory mechanism. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Tomer Y., Barbesino G., Greenberg D.A., Concepcion E., Davies T.F. Mapping the major susceptibility loci for familial Graves' and Hashimoto's diseases: Evidence for genetic heterogeneity and gene interactions. (rusmedserv.com)
  • These findings demonstrate for the first time that type 1 diabetes-associated genetic variants that restore immune tolerance to islet antigens also result in functional changes in the gut immune system and resultant changes in the microbiota. (biomedcentral.com)
Primarily on antigen-prese1
  • Mouse monoclonal to HLA-DR.HLA-DR a human class II antigen of the major histocompatibility complex(MHC),is a transmembrane glycoprotein composed of an alpha chain (36 kDa) and a beta subunit(27kDa) expressed primarily on antigen presenting cells:B cells, monocytes, macrophages and thymic epithelial cells. (cell-signaling-pathways.com)
Involved in antigen presentation1
Proteins7
  • MHC class II genes provide instructions for making proteins that are present on the surface of certain immune system cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • This fuses with a late endosome containing the endocytosed antigen proteins (from the exogenous pathway). (wikipedia.org)
  • Selection involves B cells competing for T cell help based on the amount of antigen they capture and present on their MHC class II (MHCII) proteins. (ox.ac.uk)
  • BACKGROUND: The SMYD2 gene adjusts lysine residues on histones and non-histone proteins such as transcription factors, signaling kinases, and cell cycle regulators affecting the cell fate and other genes' expression. (bvsalud.org)
  • These proteins are classified into two groups: MHC class I and MHC class II. (tutorialspoint.com)
  • History Among heritable elements that impact phenotypic manifestation are series polymorphisms in genic areas that influence gene manifestation rather than proteins framework [1,2]. (cell-signaling-pathways.com)
  • Attack by phagocytic cells can be facilitated when antigens are coated with antibody (Ab), which is produced as part of acquired immunity, or when complement proteins opsonize antigens. (msdmanuals.com)
Alleles8
  • Here, we defined the MHC class II alleles for immunodominant Gag CD4 + T cell epitopes in clade C virus infection, constructed MHC class II tetramers, and then used these to define the magnitude, function, and relation to the viral load of HIV-specific CD4 + T cell responses in a cohort of untreated HIV clade C-infected persons. (nih.gov)
  • Researchers have identified hundreds of different versions (alleles) of the HLA-DQA1 gene, each of which is given a particular number (such as HLA-DQA1*05:01 ). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Recent findings: Human leukocyte antigen studies conducted in European workers have defined major histocompatibility complex class II alleles and haplotypes associated with diisocyanate asthma. (cdc.gov)
  • Blue squares indicate phenotypes directly attributed to mutations/alleles of this gene. (jax.org)
  • While specific DP, DQ or DR alleles at the HLA class II locus have been shown to correlate with particular autoimmune diseases, a variety of confounding factors including strong linkage disequilibrium between the different HLA alleles, especially DR and DQ, complicates the exact identification of MHC susceptibility alleles. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mhc genes tightly linked and generally inherited as a block from parents groups of alleles called haplotypes. (oneclass.com)
  • Mhc genes are polymorphic many alleles exist for each genes polygenic many different genes exist with a single domain. (oneclass.com)
  • Proteasomes and transporters involved in antigen processing (before t cell recognition) Mhc alleles influence immune responsiveness and antigen presenting ability also susceptibility to many diseases. (oneclass.com)
Transmembrane2
  • HLA-DR is a transmembrane human major histocompatibility complex 2 (MHC II) family member and consists of a 34 kDa (alpha) subunit and one of several 28 kDa (beta) subunits. (rndsystems.com)
  • Each chain has two domains: an extracellular domain (ECD) and a transmembrane domain (TMD). (tutorialspoint.com)
Peptide10
  • These data identify an association between HIV-specific CD4 + T cell targeting of immunodominant Gag epitopes and immune control, particularly the contribution of a single class II MHC-peptide complex to the immune response against HIV-1 infection. (nih.gov)
  • Our results demonstrate an association between the frequency of HIV-specific CD4 + T cell responses targeting an immunodominant DRB1*11-Gag41 complex and HIV control, highlighting the important contribution of a single class II MHC-peptide complex to the immune response against HIV-1 infections. (nih.gov)
  • It is involved in the formation and transport of MHC class II peptide complexes for the generation of CD4+ T cell responses. (wikipedia.org)
  • Peptide and peptide mimetic inhibitors of antigen presentation by HLA-DR class II MHC molecules. (rcsb.org)
  • Molecular features of ligand binding to MHC class II HLA-DR molecules have been elucidated through a combination of peptide structure-activity studies and structure-based drug design, resulting in analogues with nanomolar affinity in binding assays. (rcsb.org)
  • These studies illustrate the complementary roles played by phage display library methods, peptide analogue SAR, peptide mimetics substitutions, and structure-based drug design in the discovery of inhibitors of antigen presentation by MHC class II HLA-DR molecules. (rcsb.org)
  • That a peptide must bind to an MHC molecule to interact with a T-cell antigen receptor is the molecular basis of the MHC restriction of antigen-recognition by T lymphocytes10,11. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • In such a trimolecular interaction the amino-acid sequence of the peptide must specify the contact with both receptors: agretope residues bind to the MHC receptor and epitope residues bind to the T-cell antigen receptor12,13. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • MHC class II molecules are specialized peptide receptors that play a critical role in initiating and regulating immune responses by binding peptide fragments that are 10-30 amino acids long [ 1 ] and present them on the surface of antigen-presenting cells for recognition by CD4 + T cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To extend previous results, the amino acid sequence of the exon 2-encoded peptide-binding domain of DRB1 was predicted for each subject, and, by use of logistic regression, each position was analyzed for association with GD. (lincoln.ac.uk)
Interrogating antigen-specific1
  • Recently, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II tetramers have emerged as a powerful tool for interrogating antigen-specific CD4 + T cells without relying on effector functions. (nih.gov)
RECEPTORS3
  • The receptors are non-covalently associated with a complex of several polypeptides collectively called CD3 antigens (CD3 COMPLEX). (edu.au)
  • Interferons exert their pleiotropic effects through two different receptors. (lookformedical.com)
  • Triggering of the T3-Ti receptor complex induces a rapid increase in free cytoplasmic Ca2+ and gives rise to specific antigen-induced proliferation through an autocrine pathway involving endogenous interleukin-2 production, release and subsequent binding to interleukin-2 receptors. (ox.ac.uk)
Regulation4
  • Histones also playing a role in gene regulation and occur in all eukaryotes. (histoready.com)
  • We have studied the mechanism of down-regulation of MHC class II expression in a BALB/c strain-derived murine plasmacytoma cell line, NS1. (ox.ac.uk)
  • A key mechanism of immune evasion deployed by tumour cells is to reduce neoantigen presentation through down-regulation of the antigen presentation machinery. (portlandpress.com)
  • MHC class II deficiency: a disease of gene regulation. (lu.se)
Immunologic2
  • To assess changes in SARS-CoV-2 spike binding antibody prevalence in the Dominican Republic and implications for immunologic protection against variants of concern, we prospectively enrolled 2,300 patients with undifferentiated febrile illnesses in a study during March 2021-August 2022. (cdc.gov)
  • Innate (natural) immunity does not require prior exposure to an antigen (ie, immunologic memory) to be fully effective. (msdmanuals.com)
Haplotypes5
  • At least two specific combinations of HLA gene variants (HLA haplotypes) have been found to increase the risk of developing celiac disease, a disorder in which inflammation damages the intestinal tract and other organs and tissues. (medlineplus.gov)
  • One of these haplotypes, known as DQ2, is composed of the protein produced from HLA-DQA1 gene variants known as HLA-DQA1*05:01 or HLA-DQA1*05:05 bound to the protein produced from HLA-DQB1 gene variants known as HLA-DQB1*02:01 or HLA-DQB1*02:02 . (medlineplus.gov)
  • Type 1 diabetes risk is most increased by two HLA haplotypes involving variations of the HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1 genes and another HLA gene called HLA-DRB1 . (medlineplus.gov)
  • The M5/114 mAb is reported to inhibit I-A-restricted T cell responses of the H-2 b, H-2 d, H-2 q, H-2 u but not H-2 f, H-2 k, or H-2 s haplotypes. (thermofisher.com)
  • All the hybrid cell lines expressed MHC class I antigens of either or both parental haplotypes but did not express MHC class II. (ox.ac.uk)
Mice4
  • In mice, adipocyte MHCII increased within 2 weeks on HFD, paralleling increases in proinflammatory ART markers and decreases in anti-inflammatory ART markers, and preceding adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) accumulation and proinflammatory M1 polarization. (nih.gov)
  • This paper aims to explore the therapeutic effect of TLR-2 agonist Pam3CSK4 on Leishmania-infected mice and the underlying immune molecular mechanisms. (bvsalud.org)
  • In mice, two genes named IA and IE on chromosome 17 code for the H-2 antigens. (edu.au)
  • We tested 20 uncloned hybrid cell lines obtained from the fusion of NS1 cells with MHC class II-expressing splenic B cells prepared from CBA, SJL or BALB/c mice. (ox.ac.uk)
Cells31
  • The Ii is then cleaved by cathepsin S (cathepsin L in cortical thymic epithelial cells), leaving only a small fragment called CLIP remaining bound to the groove of MHC class II molecules. (wikipedia.org)
  • This experimental vaccine was well-tolerated, and those who received the adjuvanted vaccine had stronger anti-HCV immune responses (enhanced magnitude, breadth and proliferative capacity of anti-HCV-specific T-cells) compared with volunteers who received the vaccine that lacked the Ii adjuvant. (wikipedia.org)
  • How GC B cells are able to rapidly and repeatedly transition between mutating their B cell receptor genes and then being selected shortly after is not known. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Through ectopic expression of a photoconvertible MHCII-mKikGR chimeric gene, we found that individual GC B cells differed in the rates of MHCII protein turnover. (ox.ac.uk)
  • https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20230106 ) discovered that interleukin-22 (IL-22) represses MHC class II expression by epithelial cells with an opposite impact on chronic inflammatory disease and viral infection. (rupress.org)
  • Before their exposition on the cell surface, the MHC class II molecules react with endocytosed exogenous antigens, which are then presented to the T cells. (thermofisher.com)
  • Mouse 3T3-L1 and primary adipocytes activated T cells in an antigen-specific, contact-dependent manner, indicating that adipocyte MHCII is functional. (nih.gov)
  • This is performed by antigen presenting cells (APCs). (edu.au)
  • A heterogeneous group of immunocompetent cells that mediate the cellular immune response by processing and presenting antigens to the T-cells. (edu.au)
  • The expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigens is down-regulated when B cells differentiate into plasma cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • NS1 cells express MHC class I antigens but not MHC class II antigens. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We found that NS1 cells express correctly sized mRNA for the MHC class II genes A alpha, E alpha and the invariant chain. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Their expression in tumour cells is modulated by a complex interplay of genomic, transcriptomic and post translational factors involving multiple intracellular antigen processing pathways. (portlandpress.com)
  • The discovery of MHC-II on tumour cells has been less characterized. (portlandpress.com)
  • However, this finding has triggered further interest in utilising tumour-specific MHC-II to harness sustained anti-tumour immunity through the activation of CD4 + T helper cells. (portlandpress.com)
  • This review provides a comprehensive overview of physiologically conserved or novel mechanisms utilised by tumour cells to reduce MHC-I or MHC-II expression. (portlandpress.com)
  • The ETP-ALL patients were older (P = 0.013), presented with lower white blood cell (WBC) count (P = 0.001) and lower percentage of peripheral blood (PB) blast cells (P = 0.037), more likely to have hyperdiploid karyotype (P = 0.009), and had been associated with TCRA/D gene amplification (P = 0.014) compared to other T-ALL patients. (bvsalud.org)
  • They play a critical role in initiating and regulating adaptive immune responses by presenting exogenous antigens to CD4+ T cells. (tutorialspoint.com)
  • MHC class II molecules are essential for the presentation of exogenous antigens to CD4+ T cells. (tutorialspoint.com)
  • It has been implicated in the expression of CLASS II HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS in cells that do not normally produce them, leading to AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES. (lookformedical.com)
  • This Technical Bulletin provides instructions for CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing and maintenance of human CD34 + cells, including optimized pre- and post-editing culture conditions and methods to evaluate genome editing efficiency. (stemcell.com)
  • The ArciTect™ CRISPR-Cas9 RNP is then prepared and delivered into CD34 + cells using electroporation, and cells are plated in StemSpan™ SFEM II supplemented with StemSpan™ CD34 + Expansion Supplement post-electroporation. (stemcell.com)
  • Mhc encodes class i, ii molecules functioning in antigen presentation to t cells, class iii molecules with diverse functions. (oneclass.com)
  • Class i molecules expressed on almost all nucleated cells. (oneclass.com)
  • Class i molecules present endogenous antigen to cd8+ tc cells. (oneclass.com)
  • Class ii molecules present exogenous antigen to cd4+ th cells. (oneclass.com)
  • In research with human cells, these efforts possess characterized cis series results on gene manifestation as common and heritable [13] and also have utilized both unrelated and related people to quantify such cis series results [15,18]. (cell-signaling-pathways.com)
  • Class I antigens are found on most nucleated cells and are generally detected by their reactivity with alloantisera. (edu.au)
  • or actively by prior immunization of the recipient with graft antigens which evoke specific antibodies and form antigen-antibody complexes which bind to the antigen receptor sites of the T-cells and block their cytotoxic activity. (lookformedical.com)
  • bronchoalveolar lavage cells from control and CBD subjects to evaluate the beryllium salt-specific production of endogenous IL-10 and the effects of exogenous human rIL-10 (rhIL-10) on HLA expression, on the production of IL-2, IFN- , and TNF- , and on T lymphocyte proliferation. (cdc.gov)
  • They are expressed on endothelial cells and bind to the integrins CD 11a/CD 18 (lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1) and VLA-4, respectively. (medscape.com)
Invariant chain3
  • The invariant chain (Abbreviated Ii) is a polypeptide which plays a critical role in antigen presentation. (wikipedia.org)
  • The invariant chain also facilitates the export of MHC class II from the RER in a vesicle. (wikipedia.org)
  • The association is mediated by a chaperone protein called the invariant chain (Ii). (tutorialspoint.com)
Genotype1
  • The aim was to analyze the prevalence of HLA class I phenotypes and HLA-DRB1* genotype in patients with CIU associated with ASA and NSAIDs hypersensitivity (AICU). (univr.it)
Protein antigens1
  • The process of immune response to bacteria challenge needs GILT to catalyze the reduction of disulfide bond and unfolding native protein antigens, promoting their hydrolysis by proteases. (bvsalud.org)
Glycoproteins3
  • Description: The M5/114.15.2 monoclonal antibody reacts with the mouse major histocompatibility complex class II, both I-A and I-E subregion-encoded glycoproteins (I-A b, I-A d, I-A q, I-E d, I-E k, not I-A f, I-A k, or I-A s). (thermofisher.com)
  • Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules are heterodimeric glycoproteins consisting of α and β chains, with approximate molecular mass of 33 kDa and 28 kDa respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Membrane glycoproteins consisting of an alpha subunit and a BETA 2-MICROGLOBULIN beta subunit. (edu.au)
Antibodies1
  • We tested serum samples for spike antibodies and tested nasopharyngeal samples for acute SARS-CoV-2 infection using a reverse transcription PCR nucleic acid amplification test. (cdc.gov)
DRB12
  • 2 HIX0018378 6p21.32 HLA-DRB1 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DRB1-15 beta chain precursor (MHC class I antigen DRB1*15) (DW2.2/DR2.2). (h-invitational.jp)
  • The human leukocyte antigen class II genes DRB1, DQB1, and DQA1 are associated with Graves disease (GD), but, because of strong linkage disequilibrium within this region, the primary etiological variant(s) remains unknown. (lincoln.ac.uk)
Polymorphic2
  • The H2 complex contains 3 major classes of highly polymorphic gene sets: class I (H2-K, H2-D, H2-Q, H2-T18 genes), class II (H2-I genes), and class III (H2-S genes). (jax.org)
  • They are extremely polymorphic families of glycopeptides, each consisting of two chains, alpha and beta. (edu.au)
Receptor3
  • Mutations in the gene coding for interleukin 2a receptor ( IL-2Ra ) have similarly caused diarrhea , candidiasis , and lymphoproliferation. (medscape.com)
  • Chazenbalk G.D., McLachlan S.M., Pichurin P., Yan X-M., Rapoport B. A prion-like shift between two conformational forms of a recombinant thyrotropin receptor receptor A-subunit module: Purification and stabilization using chemical chaperones of the form reactive with Graves' autoantibodies. (rusmedserv.com)
  • The ontogeny, structure and function of the human T lymphocyte receptor for antigen and major histocompatibility complex. (ox.ac.uk)
Monoclonal1
  • The following product was used in this experiment: MHC Class II (I-A/I-E) Monoclonal Antibody (M5/114.15.2), NovaFluor™ Blue 610-70S, eBioscience™ from Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog # M024T02B06, RRID AB_2910831. (thermofisher.com)
Cellular3
  • An immune response with both cellular and humoral components, directed against an allogeneic transplant, whose tissue antigens are not compatible with those of the recipient. (lookformedical.com)
  • Нейтрофіли The immune system consists of cellular components and molecular components that work together to destroy antigens. (msdmanuals.com)
  • В-клітини The immune system consists of cellular components and molecular components that work together to destroy antigens. (msdmanuals.com)
Encodes1
  • It encodes a non-classical heavy chain that forms a heterodimer with a beta-2 microglobulin light chain, with the heavy chain anchored in the membrane. (nih.gov)
Human12
  • The HLA-DQA1 gene is part of a family of genes called the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The HLA complex is the human version of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), a gene family that occurs in many species. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The Ii molecule-fused with a viral vector to a conserved region of the Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome-has been tested as an adjuvant for a HCV vaccine in a cohort of 17 healthy human volunteers. (wikipedia.org)
  • Rats genes from rodents of the genus Rattus norvegicus are often studied in vivo as a model of human genes in Sprague-Dawley or Wistar rats. (histoready.com)
  • For long term storage, keep the Recombinant human HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP beta 1 chain protein frozen at -20 or -80 degrees Celsius. (histoready.com)
  • The Human HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP beta 1 chain protein is shipped on ice packs. (histoready.com)
  • It is transmitted from human to human through the bite of mosquitoes of the genus Aedes [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Linkage disequilibrium between the human leukocyte antigen class II region of the major histocompatibility complex and Graves' disease: Replication using a population case control and family-based study. (rusmedserv.com)
  • Increased T1D disease risk from IL-2 pathway loci in the TwinsUK cohort of human subjects resulted in some similar microbiota changes to those observed in the NOD mouse. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Athan ES, Lee JH, Arriaga A, Mayeux RP, Tycko B. Polymorphisms in the promoter of the human APP gene: functional evaluation and allele frequencies in Alzheimer disease. (jamanetwork.com)
  • Human Gene Therapy. (wustl.edu)
  • matory response, IL-10 has been shown to inhibit macrophage and Chronic beryllium disease (CBD) provides a human disorder in T lymphocyte cytokine synthesis and MHC class II and B7 ex- which to study the delayed type hypersensitivity response to persistent pression. (cdc.gov)
Graft rejection1
Presentation7
  • Without CLIP, MHC class II aggregates disassemble and/or denature in the endosomes, and proper antigen presentation is impaired. (wikipedia.org)
  • We propose that pMHCII complexes are periodically targeted for degradation in centroblasts to favor the presentation of recently acquired antigens, thereby promoting the fidelity and efficiency of selection. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We also find that duplicated regions show enrichment for genes associated with "antigen processing and presentation" and other immune related categories. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Microarray analysis of primary adipocytes revealed that multiple genes involved in MHCII antigen processing and presentation increased in obese women. (nih.gov)
  • The enzyme gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) plays an important role in promoting the processing and presentation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted antigens. (bvsalud.org)
  • Antigen processing consists of ingestion and partial digestion of the antigen by the APC, followed by presentation of fragments on the cell surface. (edu.au)
  • The major histocompatibility complex and antigen presentation (chapter 8) summary. (oneclass.com)
Major histocompatib10
Epitopes2
  • Here, we employed MHC class II tetramers designed to immunodominant Gag epitopes and used them to characterize CD4 + T cell responses in HIV-1 clade C infection. (nih.gov)
  • The authors provide a computer model to show that each MHC II gene has relevant epitopes that recognize the antigens associated with both diseases. (ucm.es)
Adaptive5
  • This interaction is central to antigen specificity in the adaptive immune response. (rndsystems.com)
  • They identified genomic islands of speciation between them, containing potentially adaptive genes associated with mate choice. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is also involved in MHC I-restricted antigens catalyzing disulfide bond reduction in fishes' adaptive immunity. (bvsalud.org)
  • MHC class II molecules are essential for initiating and regulating adaptive immune responses. (tutorialspoint.com)
  • Acquired (adaptive) immunity requires prior exposure to an antigen to be fully effective and takes time to develop after the initial encounter with a new invader. (msdmanuals.com)
Polysaccharide1
  • Inadequate antibody responses directed against bacterial polysaccharide antigens cause an increased risk for sinopulmonary infections caused by encapsulated organisms. (medscape.com)
Expression12
  • Scholars@Duke publication: Renal tubular cell expression of MHC class II (I-Eb) is insufficient to initiate immune injury in a transgenic kidney transplant model. (duke.edu)
  • This study assessed the abundance and expression of Stx genes and the expression of host immune genes, aiming to determine factors affecting these measures and potential gene markers to differentiate Stx gene expression in the recto-anal junction of feedlot beef cattle. (frontiersin.org)
  • Additionally, the identified relationship between expressions of host immune genes and stx2 suggests that the host animal may regulate stx2 expression in colonizing STEC through immune functions. (frontiersin.org)
  • The expression of immune-related genes, spleen lymphocyte subsets and liver RNA-seq were employed to reveal possible molecular mechanisms. (bvsalud.org)
  • Thus, our results suggest that the NS1 plasmacytoma suppresses MHC class II expression by a phenotypically dominant regulatory mechanism. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Tumour-specific expression of MHC-I and MHC-II has been associated with improved patient survival in most clinical studies. (portlandpress.com)
  • In this prospective study, our main aim was to determine the association of SMYD2 gene expression with the prognostic parameters of childhood B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) and evaluate its influence on disease prognosis. (bvsalud.org)
  • METHODS: SMYD2 gene expression was measured in the peripheral blood (PB) samples of 116 newly diagnosed B-ALL patients and 23 controls using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). (bvsalud.org)
  • A family of transcription factors that share an N-terminal HELIX-TURN-HELIX MOTIF and bind INTERFERON-inducible promoters to control GENE expression . (lookformedical.com)
  • Stat1 interacts with P53 TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEIN and regulates expression of GENES involved in growth control and APOPTOSIS . (lookformedical.com)
  • We determined SU-5402 a subset of applicant genes with abundant gene and series expression variation. (cell-signaling-pathways.com)
  • Low shear stress up-regulates expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), while increased shear stress can lead to increased gene expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1). (medscape.com)
DQB13
  • The protein produced from the HLA-DQA1 gene attaches (binds) to the protein produced from another MHC class II gene, HLA-DQB1 . (medlineplus.gov)
  • The other haplotype, known as DQ8, is composed of the protein produced from HLA-DQA1 gene variants known as HLA-DQA1*03:01 or HLA-DQA1*03:02 bound to the protein produced from the HLA-DQB1 gene variant known as HLA-DQB1*03:02 . (medlineplus.gov)
  • 4 HIX0078231 6p21.32 HLA-DQB1 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ(W1.1) beta chain precursor (DQB1*0501). (h-invitational.jp)
Polymorphism1
  • Kotsa K., Watson P.F., Weetman A.P. A CTLA-4 gene polymorphism is associated with both Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. (rusmedserv.com)
20211
  • SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence, cumulative infections, and immunity to symptomatic infection - A multistage national household survey and modelling study, Dominican Republic, June-October 2021. (cdc.gov)
Genomic1
  • We utilized produced genomic resequencing data and previously, for this scholarly study, quantified in vitro transcript amounts from thirty unrelated people at many hundred applicant genes commonly researched in tumor research. (cell-signaling-pathways.com)
Complex7
Molecular3
  • The open reading frame of tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) GILT (tsGILT) gene is 771 bp long, encoding 257 amino acids, with a calculated molecular weight of 28.465 kDa and isoelectric point (pI) of 5.35. (bvsalud.org)
  • Molecular analysis of an MHC class II deficiency patient reveals a novel mutation in the RFX5 gene. (lu.se)
  • Innate immunity recognizes mainly molecular patterns that are broadly distributed rather than an antigen specific to one organism or cell. (msdmanuals.com)
Locus2
  • Variation in the HLA-F gene locus with functional impact is associated with pregnancy success and time-to-pregnancy after fertility treatment. (nih.gov)
  • 5. Allogeneic pregnancies in which the paternal strain differed from the maternal strain only at the RT1A gene locus produced suppression of a subsequent maternal immune response. (portlandpress.com)
Antibody2
  • Applications Reported: This M5/114.15.2 antibody has been reported for use in flow cytometric analysis. (thermofisher.com)
  • Applications Tested: This M5/114.15.2 antibody has been tested by flow cytometric analysis of mouse splenocytes. (thermofisher.com)
Allogeneic2
  • 2. The antigenic targets for alloantibodies formed after leucocyte transfusions and multiple allogeneic pregnancies were defined by the EA rosette inhibition (EAI) assay in several congenic and recombinant inbred rat strains. (portlandpress.com)
  • 4. Alloantibodies produced as a consequence of multiple semi-allogeneic pregnancies (pregnancy-induced antisera) were directed only to RT1A antigens. (portlandpress.com)
Leucocyte1
  • 21 HIX0058040 6_mann_hap4 Pseudogene candidate (Leucocyte antigen A (Fragment). (h-invitational.jp)
Amino2
  • The antigen-binding grove between MHC class II alpha and beta chain is open at both ends and is 15-24 amino acid residues long. (thermofisher.com)
  • Prolamins are rich in proline and glutamine , two amino acids that are difficult to digest. (thehungrypicklee.com)
Recombinant1
  • responses to the latter three antigens could not be separated with available congenic recombinant inbred rat strains. (portlandpress.com)
Cell7
  • Furthermore, these results highlight the advantage of the use of class II tetramers in evaluating HIV-specific CD4 + T cell responses in natural infections. (nih.gov)
  • [ 2 ] and other entities linked with or part of T-cell lymphoma spectrum are covered elsewhere. (medscape.com)
  • Ubiquitin-mediated fluctuations in MHC class II facilitate efficient germinal center B cell responses. (ox.ac.uk)
  • K3 was fused to the MHC class II-expressing B lymphoma A20, and the seven resulting hybrid cell lines were again found to express MHC class I but not MHC class II antigens. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Since NS1 is a subclone of the P3-X63Ag8 murine plasmacytoma, we also tested one P3-X63Ag8 x splenic B cell hybrid, Sp2/0, and two Sp2/0 x splenic B cell hybrids. (ox.ac.uk)
  • This ensures that only properly folded MHC class II molecules are transported to the cell surface. (tutorialspoint.com)
  • Outcomes Gene manifestation data quality Thirty lymphoblastoid cell lines attracted from the SNP500Cancer source had been cultured in triplicate and total RNA extracted [discover Additional document 1]. (cell-signaling-pathways.com)
Chain18
Alpha5
  • MHC class II molecules are heterodimers consisting of two chains: alpha and beta. (tutorialspoint.com)
  • The interactions between the alpha and beta chains are critical for the stability of the MHC class II molecule. (tutorialspoint.com)
  • The MHC class II molecule is stabilized by disulfide bonds between the alpha and beta chains, as well as interactions with the TMDs. (tutorialspoint.com)
  • An interferon regulatory factor that binds upstream TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATORY ELEMENTS in the GENES for INTERFERON-ALPHA and INTERFERON-BETA . (lookformedical.com)
  • The alpha and beta subunits of Ti bear no precursor-product relationship to one another and are encoded by separate germline V, D, J and C segments which rearrange during intrathymic differentiation to form an active gene set. (ox.ac.uk)
Serological1
Polymorphisms2
  • This gene exhibits few polymorphisms. (nih.gov)
  • We examined potential cis series effects using specific solitary nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), all SNPs at an applicant gene considered and haplotype phylogenies and diplotypes jointly. (cell-signaling-pathways.com)