Genes gene expression regulation developmental. Medical search. Frequent questions

Recent work has shown that these proteins are also involved in hormonal regulation of breast cancer cells. (ucsc.edu)
Development of bacterial and mammalian vectors for the expression of eukaryotic proteins. (academictree.org)
Research reported in The Plant Cell shows that microRNAs control the accumulation of transcription factor proteins that regulate the expression of genes in the auxin response pathway. (sciencedaily.com)
Messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules are encoded by genes and are themselves templates for the proteins that carry the main metabolic functions in a cell. (sciencedaily.com)
There are many AGO1-like proteins in animals and other eukaryotes as well, indicating that the RNA-induced silencing complex is of ancient evolutionary origin, and that microRNA-mediated regulation of gene expression is shared among many eukaryotes. (sciencedaily.com)
The MBD5 gene provides instructions for a protein that likely regulates the activity (expression) of genes, controlling the production of proteins that are involved in neurological functions such as learning, memory, and behavior. (medlineplus.gov)
It is likely that any changes in MBD5 protein levels impair its regulation of gene expression, leading to the uncontrolled production of certain proteins. (medlineplus.gov)

Developmental genetics and tumour genetics. (lu.se)

Sophisticated programs of gene expression are widely observed in biology, for example to trigger developmental pathways, respond to environmental stimuli, or adapt to new food sources. (wikipedia.org)
Cancer research at UC Santa Cruz includes faculty in a wide range of departments, including Applied Math and Statistics, Biomolecular Engineering, Chemistry and Biochemistry, Electrical Engineering, Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, and Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology. (ucsc.edu)
Detlef Weigel received his PhD in 1988 from the Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology. (elifesciences.org)
Since 2002, he has been director of the Department of Molecular Biology at the Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology. (elifesciences.org)
He serves on the Editorial Boards of Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology and Genome Biology. (elifesciences.org)
She is currently a Senior Investigator leading the Chromosome Structure and Epigenetics Mechanism Unit within the Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression at the Center for Cancer Research of the NCI/NIH in Bethesda. (elifesciences.org)
Gene regulation in developmental biology and the cell cycle. (lu.se)

Further, gene length analysis of the differentially expressed genes showed that the loss of Elp1 mainly impacts the expression of long genes and that by gradually restoring Elongator their expression is progressively rescued. (figshare.com)
Using RNA sequencing, we found negative correlations between differentially expressed genes and DMRs localized to gene bodies and regions upstream of transcription start sites. (nih.gov)

Her lab focuses on mutations that cause changes in gene expression by affecting a process called alternative splicing of RNA. (ucsc.edu)
One in eight women in the United States will develop breast cancer in her lifetime, yet only about 15 percent of these cancers have been linked to inherited gene mutations. (ucsc.edu)
This paper reports that loss of function of the Drosophila gene cabeza (the Drosophila equivalent of the human FUS gene, mutations in which can cause a familial form of the motor neurodegenerative disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or ALS) induces muscle developmental defects. (europa.eu)
Independent researchers have identified mutations in the histone H3.3-coding gene H3F3A in a large proportion of pediatric cases of gliobastoma multiforme (GBM) and diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), an aggressive brainstem astrocytic tumor that occurs almost exclusively in children. (genengnews.com)
Researchers for the St. Jude Children's Research Hospital-Washington University Pediatric Cancer Genome Project simultaneously reported data from exon sequencing studies demonstrating that 78% of DIPGs and 22% of nonbrainstem pediatric glioblastomas (non-BS-PGs) harbor somatic mutations in H3F3A or in the related gene HIST1H3B, which encodes H3.1. (genengnews.com)
Their published paper is titled "Driver mutations in histone H3.3 and chromatin remodeling genes in pediatric glioblastoma. (genengnews.com)
Because the three genes weren't sequenced as part of the 600-gene The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Glioblastoma project, and mutations in H3F3A, ATRX, or DAXX weren't identified in another adult GBM sequencing study, the researchers wanted to see whether H3F3A mutations were indeed specific to GBM and/or pediatric cases. (genengnews.com)
Less frequently, MAND is caused by mutations that affect only the MBD5 gene. (medlineplus.gov)
Because mutations in the MBD5 gene and changes on chromosome 2 that involve this gene both cause MAND, researchers believe that MBD5 gene changes underlie most of the signs and symptoms of the condition. (medlineplus.gov)
MBD5 gene mutations and deletions prevent one copy of the MBD5 gene in each cell from producing any functional protein, which reduces the total amount of this protein in cells. (medlineplus.gov)
Resistance to antimicrobial drugs of convenience, the examples will be taken mainly from in bacteria can result from mutations in housekeeping the work carried out in the author's laboratory, although structural or regulatory genes. (cdc.gov)
SCID results from mutations in any of more than 15 known genes. (medscape.com)

A molecular explanation for this may be that several of the engulfment genes expressed by macrophages, including the ABC1 transporter (believed to be part of the phagocytic machinery conserved from Caenorhabditis elegans to mouse), are not upregulated by these 'stand-in' phagocytes. (bris.ac.uk)
A complex interaction between the cleavage and polyadenylation molecular complex and cis -elements determine the polyadenylation site, which may result in the choice of non-canonical sites, resulting in alternative polyadenylation events, involved in the regulation of more than 80% of the genes expressed in plants. (frontiersin.org)
Molecular mechanisms for regulation of gene expression at different levels: remodeling of chromatin, initiation of transcription, nuclear transport and signalling, and RNA interference. (lu.se)
Gene technology: basic and applied molecular genetic methods. (lu.se)

Methylation of DNA is a common method of gene silencing. (wikipedia.org)
Often, DNA methylation and histone deacetylation work together in gene silencing. (wikipedia.org)
Methylation of cytosine residues in DNA influences chromatin structure and gene transcription, and its regulation is crucial for brain development. (nih.gov)
We analyzed genome-wide changes in DNA methylation and their relationship to gene regulation in the brain of Xenopus tadpoles during metamorphosis, a thyroid hormone-dependent developmental process. (nih.gov)
Our findings show that the genome of tadpole neural cells undergoes significant changes in DNA methylation during metamorphosis, and these changes likely influence chromatin architecture, and gene regulation programs occurring during this developmental period. (nih.gov)
Of the 526 unique eQTL associated genes, 293 correlated significantly not only with genetic variation but also with methylation levels. (biomedcentral.com)
We observed that meQTL were more stable between tissues than eQTL and a very strong tissue-specificity for the identified associations between CpG methylation and gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
It is essential to have a better understanding on inter-individual variation of gene expression, methylation and genetic effects specific to liver, and on different conditions, e.g. developmental stages. (biomedcentral.com)
The epigenetic code is determined by several mechanisms that affect gene expression, the most well-known of which is DNA methylation (See Figure 1). (cdc.gov)
This happens because BPA decreases DNA methylation so that more offspring have unmethylated Agouti genes. (cdc.gov)
When pregnant mice are exposed to BPA along with a vitamin B cocktail (including B12 and folic acid) which increase methylation of the Agouti gene, the offspring are no longer predominantly yellow and obese. (cdc.gov)

We compare the dynamics of differential expression, isoform switching and functional interactions in the sexual development of the model parasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis, a system that permits genome wide analysis of sex bias from early embryos to adults. (lu.se)
discrete on/off states for individual genes in these states), and time-resolved transcriptome data, a comprehensive model of spontaneous and perturbed gene expression dynamics was developed. (fu-berlin.de)

Given the substantial inter-individual variation seen in metabolism, regulation of nutrients, protein synthesis, and detoxification of xenobiotics. (biomedcentral.com)
2019 ) Regulation of Intestinal Stem Cell Proliferation by Enterocyte Mitochondrial Pyruvate Metabolism. (academictree.org)
This technique, for example, was used successfully to study the have to protect themselves from the products of their own extent of variations in penicillinase genes that generate secondary metabolism. (cdc.gov)

Given that FD is caused by a reduction, not loss, of ELP1, we generated two new mouse models by introducing different copy numbers of the human FD ELP1 transgene into the Elp1 knockout mouse (Elp1-/-) and observed that human ELP1 expression rescues embryonic development in a dose dependent manner. (figshare.com)

Any step of gene expression may be modulated, from signaling to transcription to post-translational modification of a protein. (wikipedia.org)
citation needed] Regulation of transcription thus controls when transcription occurs and how much RNA is created. (wikipedia.org)
Transcription of a gene by RNA polymerase can be regulated by several mechanisms. (wikipedia.org)
This stably repressed state is linked with a loss of gene priming for transcription through the exclusion of PRC1 (Ring1B) and RNA polymerase II complexes at bivalent, lineage-inappropriate genes upon trophoblast lineage commitment. (cnrs.fr)
By analyzing the methylomes and transcriptomes of 14 fetal and 181 adult livers, we identified 657 differentially methylated genes with adult-specific expression, these genes were enriched for transcription factor binding sites of HNF1A and HNF4A. (biomedcentral.com)
Gli transcription factors are regulated by Hh-signaling and act as downstream effectors of the pathway to activate Hh-target genes. (zfin.org)
One of these targets is the transcription factor AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR17 (ARF17), which is thought to repress the expression of a number of other genes involved in auxin responses. (sciencedaily.com)
Stochastic models of gene transcription with upstream drives: exact solution and sample path characterization. (crossref.org)

Expression of the mCherry transgene reporter during embryogenesis and early larval development faithfully replicated known expression domains of Hh-signaling in zebrafish, and abrogating Hh-signaling in transgenic fish resulted in the suppression of reporter expression. (zfin.org)
In zebrafish, the oscillatory transcriptional repressor genes her1 and her7 are crucial for genesis of the oscillations, which are thought to arise from negative autoregulation of these genes. (zfin.org)

In multicellular organisms, gene regulation drives cellular differentiation and morphogenesis in the embryo, leading to the creation of different cell types that possess different gene expression profiles from the same genome sequence. (wikipedia.org)
This is a review of research that supports a hypothesis regarding early restriction of gene expression in the vertebrate embryo. (duke.edu)
A gene expression oscillator called the segmentation clock controls somite segmentation in the vertebrate embryo. (zfin.org)
The sequence of this gene is defined by 16 cDNA clones and 18 elements defined by RNA-seq, some from mixed (seen 7 times), embryo (5), l2 (once). (nih.gov)
prc1 (protein regulator of cytokinesis 1) gene expression in Xenopus laevis embryo, assayed via in situ hybridization, NF stage 14/15, dorsal view, anterior up. (xenbase.org)

We find relatively little sex-bias in embryos and larvae at the gene level, but several sub-networks show sex-biased functional interactions in early developmental stages. (lu.se)
Auxin influences development by affecting the expression of numerous genes that control the processes of cell division and cell expansion in specific plant tissues at specific stages during the plant life cycle - e.g. for leaves, roots, and floral organs to develop in the correct patterns and correct time sequence. (sciencedaily.com)
According to AceView, this gene is expressed at high level , 2.6 times the average gene in this release, at all stages of development [Kohara cDNAs]. (nih.gov)

Developmental regulation of neuronal gene expression by Elongator complex protein 1 dosage. (figshare.com)
Familial dysautonomia (FD), a hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy, is caused by a mutation in the Elongator complex protein 1 (ELP1) gene that lead to a tissue-specific reduction of ELP1 protein. (figshare.com)
Regulation of gene expression, or gene regulation, includes a wide range of mechanisms that are used by cells to increase or decrease the production of specific gene products (protein or RNA). (wikipedia.org)
Virtually any step of gene expression can be modulated, from transcriptional initiation, to RNA processing, and to the post-translational modification of a protein. (wikipedia.org)
Gene regulation is essential for viruses, prokaryotes and eukaryotes as it increases the versatility and adaptability of an organism by allowing the cell to express protein when needed. (wikipedia.org)
These defects are mediated by increased expression of a protein called Xrp1, which is involved in gene expression regulation. (europa.eu)
Xrp1 is a DNA-binding protein that is involved in gene expression regulation. (europa.eu)
The complex then cleaves the mRNA into smaller pieces, thereby preventing translation of the protein it encodes, and thus inhibiting or "silencing" gene expression. (sciencedaily.com)
Arabidopsis ago1 mutants lacking the AGO1 protein have numerous severe developmental defects, supporting the notion that regulation by microRNAs is critical for normal plant growth. (sciencedaily.com)
Expression and estrogen sensitivity of target genes and nuclear receptor coregulators were altered at mRNA and protein levels in adult uterus, prostate and brain. (researchgate.net)
The human forebrain has expanded in size and complexity compared to chimpanzees despite limited changes in protein-coding genes, suggesting that gene expression regulation is an important driver of brain evolution. (lu.se)
An increase or decrease in MBD5 protein disrupts gene expression that is normally well-controlled by this protein, which is likely why duplications and deletions involving the MBD5 gene lead to the same signs and symptoms. (medlineplus.gov)

When SRIF mRNA levels from each stage of development were quantified and normalized by the amount of poly (A) + RNA present at that stage of development, a unique pattern of SRIF gene expression was seen in each region. (northwestern.edu)
The 3' regulatory regions have a great diversity of cis -regulatory elements directly involved in polyadenylation, stability, transport and mRNA translation, essential to achieve the desired levels of gene expression. (frontiersin.org)
Polyadenylation is essential for the stability of the transcript, preventing the mRNA from being the target of posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS) via RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 6 (RDR6) in plants ( Luo and Chen, 2007 ). (frontiersin.org)
The plants showed increased accumulation of ARF17 mRNA and altered levels of mRNAs corresponding to several genes that may be regulated by ARF17. (sciencedaily.com)
Dr. Bellini and her colleagues found that the mutant plants over-accumulate ARF17 mRNA within the hypocotyl, pointing to ARF17 as a major regulator of adventitious rooting and microRNA-mediated regulation as a major regulator of ARF17. (sciencedaily.com)
Arrowheads show areas of high expression of PRC1 mRNA, including the brain, kidney, and tailbud. (xenbase.org)

Some of these modifications that regulate gene expression are inheritable and are referred to as epigenetic regulation. (wikipedia.org)
More examples on epigenetic regulation of ADME genes have been reviewed by Kacevska et al. (biomedcentral.com)

In three separate lines of transgenic mice, expression in fetal livers was high, and this level persisted into adulthood. (princeton.edu)
In the course of our studies concerning the evolution of Hox gene regulation, we produced a transgenic mouse model expressing fish Hox genes, which displayed a reduced number of thoraco-lumbar vertebrae and concurrent sacral homeotic transformations. (nih.gov)
Using a transgenic mouse model in which an ALS-like mutation was introduced in the mouse Fus gene, we could show that ALS pathology starts at the neuromuscular juction (the transition between motor nerves and skeletal muscle cells), long before motor neuron cell bodies in the spinal cord degenerate. (europa.eu)

MicroRNAs are tiny ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules (~22 nucleotides long) that recently have been found to play important roles in regulating gene expression in eukaryotic organisms, including plants and animals. (sciencedaily.com)

We show that dysregulation of appropriate expression of components of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) pathway contributes to muscle developmental defects in cabeza mutant Drosophila. (europa.eu)
These changes were correlated with dramatic development defects in leaves, roots, and flowers, showing that microRNA-mediated regulation of ARF17 is essential for normal plant development. (sciencedaily.com)

mRNAs corresponding to several regulatory genes that mediate auxin responses contain short stretches of sequence that are complementary to microRNAs, and therefore have been considered potential targets of microRNA-mediated regulation. (sciencedaily.com)
which remain susceptible to most antimicrobial drugs ing structural or regulatory genes or from acquiring foreign even though they can acquire plasmids from both entero- genetic information. (cdc.gov)

We then conducted a comprehensive transcriptome analysis in mouse embryos to identify genes and pathways whose expression correlates with the amount of ELP1. (figshare.com)
We find relatively little sex-bias in embryos and larvae at the gene level, but several sub-networks. (lu.se)

Such modifications are considered to be responsible for more or less permanent changes in gene expression levels. (wikipedia.org)

Sexual dimorphism requires regulation of gene expression in developing organisms. (lu.se)
This approach affords an efficient and rapid means of re-introducing genetically modified tissue into intact organisms and provides a system whereby the expression and regulation of cloned genes can be followed within the context of a well characterized developmental programme. (nature.com)
Strategies for gene therapy and production of medicines via genetically-modified organisms (expression vectors and viral vectors). (lu.se)

1. Catinozzi M, Mallik M, Frickenhaus M, Been M, Sijlmans C, Kulshrestha D, Alexopoulos I, Weitkunat M, Schnorrer F, Storkebaum E. The Drosophila FUS ortholog cabeza promotes adult founder myoblast selection by Xrp1-dependent regulation of FGF signaling. (europa.eu)
2022 ) Corrigendum to "GFP in living animals reveals dynamic developmental responses to ecdysone during Drosophila metamorphosis" [Dev. (academictree.org)

abstract = "Developmental regulation of somatostatin (SRIF) gene expression was studied in five regions of rat brain and in rat stomach. (northwestern.edu)

and the regulation of the expression of enzyme-coding genes associated with important metabolic pathways. (oregonstate.edu)

Although a small number of 3' regulatory regions have been identified and validated so far, many studies have shown that plant 3' regulatory regions have a higher potential to regulate gene expression in plants compared to widely used 3' regulatory regions, such as NOS and OCS from Agrobacterium tumefaciens and 35S from cauliflower mosaic virus. (frontiersin.org)

Furthermore, we could show that expression of the acetylcholine receptor in skeletal muscles of these mice is affected. (europa.eu)
Subsequent transplantation of the cells into lethally irradiated mice results in engraftment of the animals with donor haematopoietic tissue containing the bacterial gene. (nature.com)

These data suggest that there is differential expression of the SRIF gene in different regions of the brain and in the stomach during development. (northwestern.edu)
These developmental differences are caused by differential expression of genes and isoforms. (lu.se)
In contrast, sex-bias in pupae and adults is driven by the differential expression of genes. (lu.se)

ZNF558 evolved as a suppressor of LINE-1 transposons but has been co-opted to regulate a single target, the mitophagy gene SPATA18. (lu.se)
likely protects them occur at the level of the bacteria (clonal spread), replicons from contact with foreign DNA and accounts for their (plasmid epidemics), or of the genes (transposons). (cdc.gov)

In particular, such mechanisms can influence the expression of hepatic ADME genes. (biomedcentral.com)

Expression of ZNF558 is controlled by the size of a variable number tandem repeat that is longer in chimpanzees compared to humans, and variable in the human population. (lu.se)
Therefore, it is all the more surprising pathogenic for humans have evolved toward antimi- that genes commonly found on plasmids in the latter bac- crobial drug resistance. (cdc.gov)

The assembled transcriptome is estimated to have the complete sequence information for ~86% of the genes found in the Chia genome. (oregonstate.edu)
This diagram shows in true scale the gene on the genome, the mRNAs and the cDNA clones. (nih.gov)

This gene is associated to a phenotype (DumPY : shorter than wild-type). (nih.gov)

ZNF558 plays a role in mitochondrial homeostasis, and loss-of-function experiments in cerebral organoids suggests that ZNF558 influences developmental timing during early human brain development. (lu.se)

This chapter discusses the relative merits of the basic approaches to assay tissue-specific gene expression. (princeton.edu)

Developmental regulation of central spindle assembly and cytokinesis during vertebrate embryogenesis. (xenbase.org)

Finally, through evaluation of co-expression modules, we identified gene sets with unique expression patterns that depended on ELP1 expression. (figshare.com)
Transient patterns of gene regulation were identified from model predictions. (fu-berlin.de)

Through APA, a single gene containing multiple PAS can generate a considerable number of transcript isoforms, thereby producing a highly diversified transcriptome ( Tian and Manley, 2013 ). (frontiersin.org)

Research conducted by three independent groups and reported in The Plant Cell shows that fundamental developmental processes controlled by the plant hormone auxin are regulated by microRNAs in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. (sciencedaily.com)
We are proposing that this is a basic, early embryonic switch that can cause the initiation of cascades of gene expression that are responsible for at least some early, diversification of cell phenotypes. (duke.edu)
The gene and cell approaches are more likely to be curative, but they are still under investigation. (medscape.com)

We found that ELP1 is essential for the expression of genes responsible for nervous system development. (figshare.com)
We observe sex-biased isoform switching consistently across development, but mostly in genes that are already differentially expressed. (lu.se)
Collectively, our results suggest a mutually exclusive role for Ring1B and Suv39h1 in regulating distinct chromatin states at key developmental genes and propose a novel mechanism by which lineage specification can be reinforced during early development. (cnrs.fr)
Chia () Gene Expression Atlas Elucidates Dynamic Spatio-Temporal Changes Associated With Plant Growth and Development. (oregonstate.edu)
with these three reports, we are beginning to understand the consequences of this regulation for the development of the plant. (sciencedaily.com)
In addition, selective and precise allocation of retinoic acid during early development through the interaction of Phase I enzymes throws the switch 'ON' in a predictable, developmental manner. (duke.edu)

The effect of expressing a gene is also influenced by which other genes are simultaneously expressed (functional interactions). (lu.se)

AceView: gene:dpy-21, a comprehensive annotation of human, mouse and worm genes with mRNAs or ESTsAceView. (nih.gov)

This is due to the assemblage of a rar-corepressor-histone deacetylase complex on retinoic acid response elements (RAREs) in regulatory regions of a subset of genes. (duke.edu)

Eukaryotes have a mechanism termed alternative polyadenylation (APA), which allows the selective use of PAS in genes containing multiple PAS. (frontiersin.org)
PERSPECTIVES antimicrobial drugs in animal feed also leads to the selec- tion of a pool of resistance genes that can be transferred to commensal bacteria in the human digestive tract and thus ultimately to human pathogens, even when selective pres- sure is absent (10). (cdc.gov)

Our analyses generated a comprehensive resource of factors involved in the regulation of hepatic gene expression, and allowed us to estimate the proportion of variation in gene expression that could be attributed to genetic and epigenetic variation, both crucial to understanding differences in drug response and the etiology of liver diseases. (biomedcentral.com)

Overall, 21 of 48 samples (44%) had a mutation in at least one of these three genes. (genengnews.com)
Loss of both gene functions, or mutation of her1 combined with knockdown of Hes6, which we show to be a binding partner of Her7, disrupts segmentation drastically. (zfin.org)

not unique for the embryonic system but are shared by other ogenesis regulation must consider different scales of multi-cellular modeling areas. (lu.se)
Therapeutic strategies for the dystrophinopathies can be categorized into 3 groups based on their approach: (1) Supportive pharmacologic therapy, (2) research gene therapy, and (3) research cellular therapy. (medscape.com)

Often, one gene regulator controls another, and so on, in a gene regulatory network. (wikipedia.org)

Anatomy23

Organisms16

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs65

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment32

Phenomena and Processes99

Disciplines and Occupations4

Information Science8

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Differentially expressed genes2

Mutations12

Molecular4

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Epigenetic regulation2

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Regulate gene expression1

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Humans2

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Vertebrate1

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