• Diagram describing the respective places of culture-, poly- merase chain reaction-, serology- and histology-based approaches for culture of the Whipple bacillus, support the effectiveness of the diagnosis of acute bacterial infections, according to the natural this technique (2). (cdc.gov)
  • 1907: Whipple proposed the name of "intestinal lipodystrophy" for a new, distinctive clinical syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • Whipple pointed out the existence of great numbers of peculiar rod-shaped bacteria found in extracts of lymph node tissue and lamina propria of the intestine. (medscape.com)
  • He identified periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-staining granules, most likely representing degenerating bacterial forms, within macrophages isolated from the small bowel as well as other tissue and fluid specimens (eg, pericardium, endocardium, lymph nodes, synovia, lung, brain, meninges) obtained from patients in whom Whipple disease was suspected. (medscape.com)
  • In addition to aiding in dis- covering new pathogens, these techniques also contributed to studies of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment response of the newly recognized diseases, providing further evidence for causal relationships between disease and organ- ism (1). (cdc.gov)
  • In modern usage, "Tissue culture" generally refers to the growth of cells from a multicellular organism in vitro. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tissue culture is an important tool for the study of the biology of cells from multicellular organisms. (wikipedia.org)
  • In practice, the term "cell culture" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes , especially animal cells, in contrast with other types of culture that also grow cells, such as plant tissue culture , fungal culture, and microbiological culture (of microbes ). (wikipedia.org)
  • In contrast, three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures, e.g., multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTS), maintain tissue-like properties and therefore provide a more realistic background for experimental studies, e.g., screening of pharmaceutical agents [ 1 ] [ 2 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Multicellular (tumor) spheroids have gained significance in preclinical studies, as they appear to be more appropriate for studies of cell physiology, cell metabolism, or tissue diagnostics. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • It provides an in vitro model of the tissue in a well defined environment which can be easily manipulated and analysed. (wikipedia.org)
  • Eric Simon, in a 1988 NIH SBIR grant report, showed that electrospinning could be used to produced nano- and submicron-scale polymeric fibrous scaffolds specifically intended for use as in vitro cell and tissue substrates. (wikipedia.org)
  • The first is organ culture where whole organs from embryos or partial adult organs are used to initiate the organ culture in vitro. (wikipedia.org)
  • These tools are not only antigenic during the clinical course of the disease and persist generally for and serologic assays but also in vitro and in vivo disease mod- months or years. (cdc.gov)
  • It can be isolated aseptically from the bulk of maternal tissues of ovule, seed, or capsule and cultured in vitro under aseptic and controlled physical conditions to grow directly into plantlets. (cbsetuts.com)
  • But it is now possible to raise a hybrid plant by culturing the inviable embryos in vitro. (cbsetuts.com)
  • Radiosensitisation caused by titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO 2 -NPs) is investigated using phantoms (PRESAGE ® dosimeters) and in vitro using two types of cell lines, cultured human keratinocyte (HaCaT) and prostate cancer (DU145) cells. (medsci.org)
  • Anatase TiO 2 -NPs were synthesised, characterised and functionalised to allow dispersion in culture-medium for in vitro studies and halocarbons (PRESAGE ® chemical compositions). (medsci.org)
  • Bac- disease and to study the clinical and biological features of terial DNA can be detected during the same period and also as far as dead microorganisms remain in tissues. (cdc.gov)
  • It was noted that as opposed to the flattened morphology typically seen in 2D culture, cells grown on the electrospun fibers exhibited a more rounded 3-dimensional morphology generally observed of tissues in vivo. (wikipedia.org)
  • The classical in vivo tests are conducted with tissues, such as bone marrow, peripheral blood cells, and hepatocytes of animals, using rodents. (afsacollaboration.org)
  • Identification of emerging bacterial pathogens generally results from a chain of events involving micros- copy, serology, molecular tools, and culture. (cdc.gov)
  • As a diagnostic and research laboratory specializing in fastidious, intracellular bacteria, we have been particularly interested in assessing the specific role played by culture in identifying emerging pathogens. (cdc.gov)
  • An infection is the invasion of tissues by pathogens , their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious agent and the toxins they produce. (wikipedia.org)
  • It was concluded that Deoxyribonuclease, PPW38822 did not induce biologically relevant increases micronuclei in cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes following treatment in the absence and presence of a rat liver metabolic activation system (S-9). (europa.eu)
  • During the testing of deoxyribonuclease batch PPW42035 in micronuclei in cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes, some osmolality shifts were noted. (europa.eu)
  • It was concluded that deoxyribonuclease batch PPW42035 induced micronuclei in cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes following treatment in the absence and presence of an induced rat liver metabolic activation system (S-9) in two independently conducted experiments. (europa.eu)
  • These cells retain their differentiated character and functional activity in organ culture. (wikipedia.org)
  • The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture . (wikipedia.org)
  • In this case, young embryos are taken out from developing seeds and grown on a culture medium to form seedlings and then young plants. (cbsetuts.com)
  • Embryo culture in such cases allows seedling development from most of the embryos. (cbsetuts.com)
  • The objective of such a culture is to understand the control of differentiation and the nutritional requirements of such progressively developing embryos. (cbsetuts.com)
  • These embryos are the spherical mass of tissue lacking both radicle and plumule. (cbsetuts.com)
  • Such additional abortive embryos can be exploited in culture for clonal propagation. (cbsetuts.com)
  • The key steps that led to the discovery of emerging bacteria have been reviewed to determine the real contribution of each technique. (cdc.gov)
  • Isolation and culture were crucial, as all emerging bacteria have been grown on artificial media or cell lines or at least propagated in animals. (cdc.gov)
  • Isolation and culture are possible as long as live bacteria are present in tissues, i.e., from the colonization to the treat- other supplemental tools to elucidate the causes of microbial ment or to the end of the clinical manifestations (or shortly earlier). (cdc.gov)
  • Because culture as a tool is still threatened by the possible diagnosis but also as a route to enhance understanding of the existence of uncultivatable organisms, several authors have diversity and epidemiology of emerging bacteria and the infec- emphasized the critical role that molecular, culture-indepen- tions they cause. (cdc.gov)
  • Tissue culture is the growth of tissues or cells in an artificial medium separate from the parent organism. (wikipedia.org)
  • The technique of plant tissue culture, i.e., culturing plant cells or tissues in artificial medium supplemented with required nutrients, has many applications in efficient clonal propagation (true to the type or similar) which may be difficult via conventional breeding methods. (wikipedia.org)
  • Most cells require a surface or an artificial substrate to form an adherent culture as a monolayer (one single-cell thick), whereas others can be grown free floating in a medium as a suspension culture . (wikipedia.org)
  • The technique of maintaining and growing cells, tissues, or organs, especially on artificial medium in suitable containers under controlled environmental conditions is known as tissue culture. (cbsetuts.com)
  • The callus culture is maintained on an agar medium. (cbsetuts.com)
  • Approximately 10e8 cells from a 16-hour culture of each indicator strain are added to separate test tubes containing 2.0 ml of molten overlay agar supplemented with biotin and a trace of histidine. (europa.eu)
  • Embryo culture is useful in the multiplication of such plants e.g., makapuno nut. (cbsetuts.com)
  • In 1996, the first use of regenerative tissue was used to replace a small length of urethra, which led to the understanding that the technique of obtaining samples of tissue, growing it outside the body without a scaffold, and reapplying it, can be used for only small distances of less than 1 cm. (wikipedia.org)
  • Von Giordano is usually credited with performing the first pubovaginal sling operation in 1907, using a gracilis muscle graft around the urethra. (medscape.com)
  • Tissue culture commonly refers to the culture of animal cells and tissues, with the more specific term plant tissue culture being used for plants. (wikipedia.org)
  • On the other hand, the strict meaning of "tissue culture" refers to the culturing of tissue pieces, i.e. explant culture. (wikipedia.org)
  • Organoids are a type of 3D cell culture containing organ-specific cells that have been grown from a range of organs, including kidney, breast and liver (for a review see e.g., [ 15 ] [ 16 ] ). (encyclopedia.pub)
  • The distribution of the 14C-labelled test substance was studied using collected samples of blood, organs and tissues by radioassay. (europa.eu)
  • This is because the physical-chemical nature of many lignocellulosic substrates naturally lends itself to solid phase culture, and thereby represents a means to reap the acknowledged potential of this fermentation method. (mdpi.com)
  • Tissue culture is used in creating genetically modified plants, as it allows scientists to introduce DNA changes to plant tissue via Agrobacterium tumefaciens or a gene gun and then generate a full plant from these modified cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • The lifespan of most cells is genetically determined, but some cell-culturing cells have been "transformed" into immortal cells which will reproduce indefinitely if the optimal conditions are provided. (wikipedia.org)
  • The cells are bathed in a culture medium, which contains essential nutrients and energy sources necessary for the cells' survival. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, current 3D systems often lack a vasculature, which might support tissues with oxygen and nutrients, remove waste and build up an immune system. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • He suggested that the potentialities of individual cells via tissue culture as well as that the reciprocal influences of tissues on one another could be determined by this method. (wikipedia.org)
  • Gottlieb Haberlandt first pointed out the possibilities of the culture of isolated tissues, plant tissue culture. (wikipedia.org)
  • Plant tissue culture in particular is concerned with the growing of entire plants from small pieces of plant tissue, cultured in medium. (wikipedia.org)
  • The details of the plant tissue culture technique and its utilization are emphasized here as follows. (cbsetuts.com)
  • 3D cultivation techniques commonly prevent cell attachment to surfaces, using hanging drop methods, liquid overlay methods or agitation-based approaches [ 11 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • In animal tissue culture, cells may be grown as two-dimensional monolayers (conventional culture) or within fibrous scaffolds or gels to attain more naturalistic three-dimensional tissue-like structures (3D culture). (wikipedia.org)
  • Cell culture or tissue culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. (wikipedia.org)
  • Speaking generally, the more intense the reaction, the more likely the infection to be localized. (drjosephpengecir.com)
  • The same inflammatory cascade can occur when no microbes exist, triggered as a consequence of tissue injury and/or excessive tissue stress. (drjosephpengecir.com)
  • Because of the spectacular molecular techniques developed in the last decades, some authors think that these techniques will shortly supplant culture. (cdc.gov)
  • Culture has irreplaceable advantages for studying emerging bacterial diseases, as it allows antigenic studies, antibiotic susceptibility testing, experimental models, and genetic studies to be carried out, and remains the ultimate goal of pathogen identification. (cdc.gov)
  • Experimental and pre-clinical life cell approaches traditionally use two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures, which are easy to establish, but frequently provide results of limited significance, since cells are lacking a physiological microenvironment. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the current World Health Organization (WHO) Hb cutoffs for defining anemia among persons who are apparently healthy and to assess threshold validity with a biomarker of tissue iron deficiency and physiological indicator of erythropoiesis (soluble transferrin receptor [sTfR]) using multinational data. (cdc.gov)
  • The second method is primary explant culture, in which fragments derived from animal tissue are attached to a surface using an extracellular matrix component (ECM), such as collagen or a plasma clot. (wikipedia.org)
  • This culture is known as a primary explant, and migrating cells are known as outgrowth. (wikipedia.org)
  • In callus culture, the explant undergoes cell division and forms an unorganized and undifferentiated mass of cells called Callus. (cbsetuts.com)
  • Since Haberlandt's original assertions, methods for tissue and cell culture have been realized, leading to significant discoveries in biology and medicine. (wikipedia.org)
  • There are three common methods to establish cell culture from animals. (wikipedia.org)
  • Just of the norm behind aroma Postmodernism with techniques of notable electromagnetics sent sought for the detection of details by Ludwig Boltzmann and J. methods between 11th endorsement and primary top, reflecting the voor Covenants by Rolf Landauer in the publications, have caused in defence in students and fire review. (cdseidel.de)
  • These include the traditional tech- niques of microscopy, serology, and culture, as well as more recent molecular tools (Figure 1). (cdc.gov)
  • The Pel-Freez Rabbit reagent is RUO (Research Use Only) to test human serum or cell culture lab samples. (carlosvaldivieso.es)
  • This teacher is that it had generally late Martin Heidegger who dug flood in the aware time, but then Lev Shestov, a aforementioned western, foreign, and complex series of the well-to-do private flannel, who was a human design that ended the small Springer. (hallwachs-it.de)
  • Tissue samples weighing 100-200 mg were cut in duplicate from the liver, kidneys, spleen, heart, lungs and hind leg (gastrocnemius muscle) for radioassay. (europa.eu)
  • A Feature Paper should be a substantial original Article that involves several techniques or approaches, provides an outlook for future research directions and describes possible research applications. (mdpi.com)
  • The earliest bronze dates to 4500 BCE in the Vinca culture in modern Serbia. (leodeanjansen.com)
  • The oldest examples of the lost wax technique have been dated to around 4500 BCE. (ucdavis.edu)
  • Viral culture is also related, with cells as hosts for the viruses. (wikipedia.org)
  • Growing viruses in cell cultures allowed preparation of purified viruses for the manufacture of vaccines . (wikipedia.org)
  • This early use of electrospun fibrous lattices for cell culture and tissue engineering showed that various cell types would adhere to and proliferate upon polycarbonate fibers. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cell culture techniques were advanced significantly in the 1940s and 1950s to support research in virology . (wikipedia.org)
  • The injectable polio vaccine developed by Jonas Salk was one of the first products mass-produced using cell culture techniques. (wikipedia.org)
  • This vaccine was made possible by the cell culture research of John Franklin Enders , Thomas Huckle Weller , and Frederick Chapman Robbins , who were awarded a Nobel Prize for their discovery of a method of growing the virus in monkey kidney cell cultures. (wikipedia.org)
  • The new imperative for Covax, and for international relief efforts more generally, will be to support delivery at scale to ensure that recipient countries are able to outperform Mosquirix, though it has yet to be administered and whether to extend vaccination to children in the pursuit of herd immunity. (boltongrouplondon.com)
  • The new imperative for Covax, and for international relief efforts more generally, will be to support delivery at scale to ensure that recipient countries are able to reach their coverage goals quickly. (zalonlondon.com)
  • Most advances have evolved in a series of small steps based on several techniques that have been used successively by different investigators who faced clinically suspect diseases. (cdc.gov)
  • A complete necropsy was performed on each animal and tissues were fixed in 10 % neutral buffered formalin. (europa.eu)
  • In 1907 the zoologist Ross Granville Harrison demonstrated the growth of frog embryonic cells that would give rise to nerve cells in a medium of clotted lymph. (wikipedia.org)
  • The medium generally contains auxin like 2, 4-D, and often a Cytokinin like BAP (Benzyl-aminopurine). (cbsetuts.com)
  • Sterile surgical arenas, general anesthesia, and improved surgical techniques have made death from thyroid surgery extremely rare today. (medscape.com)
  • The term "tissue culture" was coined by American pathologist Montrose Thomas Burrows. (wikipedia.org)
  • There were additional touches such as washing up liquid, cleaning products, tissues, plasters etc which were much appreciated. (xn--orthopde-halle-bib.de)
  • [ 12 ] Adopting these earlier techniques, McGuire was the first to describe a modern version of the pubovaginal sling (PVS) in the 1970s, using a strip of rectus fascia that remained attached laterally on one side. (medscape.com)
  • This inflammatory response can, in-and-of-itself, become chronic and cause additional tissue damage. (drjosephpengecir.com)
  • Two-dimensional cell cultures have a well-established protocol in biomedical research and provide a simple, fast, and cost-effective tool for e.g., drug discovery assays. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Scientists have been trying to produce a treatment against buy luzu with prescription malaria, caused by the Plasmodium buy luzu online no prescription parasite, since 1907. (boltongrouplondon.com)
  • They used these techniques to produce lead, copper, tin and bronze. (mathisfunforum.com)
  • Loads of good-looking produce, reasonable prices generally and a lot of low-priced just-off-perfect marked-down produce supplementing the regular goods. (carlosvaldivieso.es)
  • The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a population of cells descended from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup) separated from their original tissue source became more robust in the middle 20th century. (wikipedia.org)
  • Similarly, other selected tissues are removed from animals, after being euthanized. (afsacollaboration.org)
  • After the cells of interest have been isolated from living tissue , they can subsequently be maintained under carefully controlled conditions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Elle co-dirige également un projet sur la création de standards internationaux concernant les conditions de détention personnes condamnées à mort, en lien avec une ONG. (implications-philosophiques.org)
  • Skoog and Miller (1957) observed that the growth and morphogenesis were controlled by hormones, auxin (root formation), and cytokinin (shoot formation) in tissue culture. (cbsetuts.com)