• Inbred mice show significant variation in multiple traits including iron metabolism. (nih.gov)
  • For example, inbred mice carrying the agouti viable yellow (A vy ) allele show a range of coat colours associated with different DNA methylation states at the locus. (researchgate.net)
  • Whole genome resequencing of two mice from the colony identified very few differences and these did not occur at or near the iiDMRs. (researchgate.net)
  • profiled expression of more than 23,000 genes in the third-generation offspring (F2) of two inbred strains of mice. (the-scientist.com)
  • Sex differences were noted in control mice, in which female islets showed 5 selenoproteins decreased and one increased versus male islets. (nih.gov)
  • Here, we apply allele-specific RNA-seq on isogenic B6D2F1 mice to assay imprinted genes in tissues from early embryonic tissues between E3.5 and E7.25 and in pluripotent cell lines to evaluate maintenance of imprinted gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this review, we will concentrate on genome-wide approaches in mice, which have resulted in the identification of genes regulating anxiety. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study, we examined differences in the stress response between FGF21 knockout (KO) mice and wild-type (WT) mice after social defeat stress (SDS). (tokushima-u.ac.jp)
  • When the amount of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and wakefulness were averaged over the dark period after SDS, only KO mice showed significant differences in NREM sleep and wakefulness. (tokushima-u.ac.jp)
  • Our real-time (RT) -PCR results revealed that the mRNA expression of the stress- and sleep-related gene gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor subunit alpha 2 was significantly lower in WT mice than in KO mice. (tokushima-u.ac.jp)
  • Moreover, KO mice showed lower plasma levels of ketone bodies, which also affect sleep/wake regulation, than WT mice. (tokushima-u.ac.jp)
  • Identification of genetic factors involved in the resistance of inbred strains of mice to an experimental infection with Yersinia pestis, the plague agent. (hal.science)
  • These results suggest that SEG/Pas mice are able to better activate innate immune response to Y. pestis than C57BL/6J mice.We further studied the expression of 44 genes in a kinetic study on macrophages in vitro of SEG/Pas, C57BL/6J and bicongenic mice (carrying QTLs on chromosome 4 and 6). (hal.science)
  • The genetic architecture of NAFLD among inbred strains of mice by DRC member Lusis and others in eLIFE (2015). (ucsd.edu)
  • To model reductions in the activity of FADS1/2 affected by the susceptibility alleles, we generated mutant mice heterozygously lacking both Fads1 / 2 genes. (nature.com)
  • These mice demonstrate that the α7 subunit is not essential for normal development or for apparently normal neurological function, but the mice may prove to have subtle phenotypic abnormalities and will be valuable in defining the functional role of this gene product in vivo . (jneurosci.org)
  • 7). Another example of class comparison is comparing gene expression in kidney tissue of mice after 2 hours of ischemia to gene expression in kidney tissue of normal mice. (nih.gov)
  • Prof. Dr. Hanno Würbel initiated a multi-laboratory study together with two colleagues and their co-workers to compare the effects of enriched housing in female mice on the expression of strain differences in standard behavioural tests. (forschung3r.ch)
  • In contrast, we used a multi-laboratory approach involving nine independent replicates (three in each of three laboratories) to study the effects of enriched versus barren housing on (i) variation in behavioural endpoints and (ii) reproducibility of behavioural differences between three strains of mice across these independent replicates. (forschung3r.ch)
  • We used mice of two inbred strains (C57Bl/6J, DBA/2) and their F1-hybrids (B6D2F1). (forschung3r.ch)
  • The supplement will enable the addition of female mice to experiments to permit statistically stronger comparisons of males and females, toward a better understanding of sex differences in cardiovascular disease. (nih.gov)
  • Three genetically diverse inbred mouse strains - C57BL/6J, A/J, and DBA/2J - differ significantly in their genomes (∼7 million variants), motor and cognitive behavior, and susceptibility to neurotoxins. (lih.lu)
  • We previously described the Mus spretus-derived SEG/Pas strain as the first to resist fully virulent Y. pestis, while most inbred strains, such as C57BL/6, are highly susceptible. (hal.science)
  • Our results show strong activation of cytokines in SEG/Pas macrophages in response to Y. pestis, which is not found in C57BL/6J macrophages. (hal.science)
  • Nevertheless no significant differences were observed in the bicongenic strain compared to C57BL/6J. (hal.science)
  • A CRISPR/Cas9 cocktail containing two gRNAs that targeted the Fads1 / 2 genes and two single-stranded DNA donor templates with the loxP sequence (Supplementary Table 3 ) was microinjected into mouse fertilized eggs (C57BL/6JJcl strain). (nature.com)
  • We found that RNA-Seq identified more differentially expressed genes and correlated with RT-qPCR quantification better than previously published microarray data. (molvis.org)
  • Differentially expressed genes involved in several important signaling pathways, lens structural components, organelle loss, and denucleation were also highlighted to provide insights into lens development and lens fiber differentiation. (molvis.org)
  • Here, we quantified the response of three cytolines to heat stress as differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and studied gene expression patterns in the context of existing polymorphism in their organellar genomes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our study unveils a plethora of new genes and GO terms that are differentially expressed or enriched, respectively, in response to heat stress. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Interestingly, transcription factors were significantly underrepresented among the differentially expressed genes, and only one transcription factor, Pttg1, showed significant differences between all three strains. (lih.lu)
  • While previously identified copper-related genes were not differentially expressed in tolerant vs. sensitive strains, genes involved in metabolism, reproduction, and protease induction contributed to the differential stress response. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The objective of class comparison studies is to identify the genes that are differentially expressed in cells from different types of tissue, different kinds of patients, or in cells exposed to different experimental conditions. (nih.gov)
  • Using the example in the previous paragraph, class comparison involves identifying the genes that are differentially expressed between patients who respond to a specified treatment and those who don't respond. (nih.gov)
  • Overall, by combining genome-wide approaches with environmental association analysis, and functional analysis of candidate genes, our study provides a unique perspective on the genetic and environmental factors that shape copper tolerance in natural D. melanogaster populations and identifies new genes, transposable elements, and physiological traits involved in this complex phenotype. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 4Tran provides new insight into the manner in which transposons contribute to chromosome architecture and identifies target genes that transposable elements can potentially control. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We assessed the effects of sublethal insecticide exposure, with the neonicotinoid imidacloprid, on DNA methylation in the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, examining both global changes in DNA methylation and specific changes found within genes and transposable elements. (potatobeetle.org)
  • We found that exposure to insecticide led to decreases in global DNA methylation for parent and F2 generations, and that many of the sites of changes in methylation are found within genes associated with insecticide resistance, such as cytochrome P450s, or within transposable elements. (potatobeetle.org)
  • Indeed, using a set of 41 Recombinant Inbred strains, Liao et al. (nih.gov)
  • Coming from a very different experimental paradigm, this observation is concordant with the study in the Recombinant Inbred strains, and reinforces the notion that CR does not work to the same extent in different genetic backgrounds. (nih.gov)
  • Corn event MON 87403 was developed by Monsanto Canada Inc. using recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid (rDNA) technology, resulting in the introduction of the coding region of the full-length ATHB17 gene from Arabidopsis thaliana . (canada.ca)
  • To enhance understanding of the genetic basis of cotton earliness, we constructed an intra-specific recombinant inbred line population (RIL) containing 137 lines, and performed linkage map construction and quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The concept of the 'high-penetrance major gene' is derived from classical genetics and has been adopted uncritically by cancer researchers, even though it does not seem to represent an appropriate paradigm for understanding population variation in the predisposition to common cancers. (medscape.com)
  • Genetics offer an ideal route to the molecular background of anxiety as any identified genes can directly be linked to their function within the cell and the neural circuits. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To facilitate genetics and biological control research, colonies of C. maculata were kept in continuous culture and inbred for over 64 generations since 2009. (scirp.org)
  • However, within the mouse community the paradigm shift required to switch from single genes to systems genetics and the full incorporation of new genetic/genomic/evolutionary data and tools to investigate every biological process has not yet taken broad hold (Churchill et al. (unc.edu)
  • In reality, some animals are lucky and they have superior genetics despite inbreeding. (redwattle.com)
  • The extent of dependence of phenotype on environment can also be a function of the genes involved. (wikipedia.org)
  • Matters of heritability are complicated because genes may canalize a phenotype, making its expression almost inevitable in all occurring environments. (wikipedia.org)
  • In general two approaches can be taken: i) candidate gene studies have mostly used transgenic models to investigate a role of a specific gene in the regulation of anxiety, and ii) genome-wide approaches do not make any prior assumptions regarding which genes contribute to the phenotype. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Two expressed sequences from C. maculata that may be related to the new phenotype were compared to model insect genes encoding a melanin biosynthesis enzyme and a patterning transcription factor. (scirp.org)
  • Two sequences that were predicted as potential candidate genes contributing to the phenotype were identified, and compared with genes from model insects. (scirp.org)
  • The expected phenotype of all offspring from a homozygous 10sp parent mated to an individual with wild type twelve spotted pattern was all 10sp, but with a heterozygous moderate expression pattern. (scirp.org)
  • Epigenetics refers to changes in gene expression affecting phenotype that don't involve changes to the DNA nucleotide sequence itself, and yet are heritable. (eprbiotechnews.com)
  • 9] That is, the ratio of the heterotaxy phenotype to the situs inversus totalis phenotype decreased with progressive inbreeding. (medscape.com)
  • Phenotypic variability among inbred littermates reared in controlled environments remains poorly understood. (researchgate.net)
  • Heritability could increase if genetic variation increases, causing individuals to show more phenotypic variation, like showing different levels of intelligence. (wikipedia.org)
  • On the other hand, heritability might also increase if the environmental variation decreases, causing individuals to show less phenotypic variation, like showing more similar levels of intelligence. (wikipedia.org)
  • 2010). Overall, however, the success of this approach has been mixed, and greater progress has been hindered by insufficient sample sizes, stratified populations, the involvement of rare gene variants (i.e., alleles) that each only have a s Mal l effect size, and heterogenous phenotypic constructs (i.e., using different criteria to distinguish cases from controls). (nih.gov)
  • After further laboratory inbreeding, an additional phenotypic trait was identified and selected and was described here. (scirp.org)
  • In the modern industry, pigs have undergone strong genetic selection in the relatively inbred commercial lines for lean meat production, or in some cases, for adipose production, which has led to remarkable phenotypic changes and genetic adaptation, making these breed lines a perfect model for comparative studies. (eprbiotechnews.com)
  • To understand this variation, Brakefield's team addressed two main issues in their experiment: how eyespots are generated developmentally and evolutionarily, and how phenotypic plasticity, or the responsiveness of genetic expression to the environment, alters the generation of eyespots. (asu.edu)
  • For example, we have shown [ 45 ] that alleles determining the activity of the enzymes CYP2C9 and UGT1A6 influence whether aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are effective in preventing colon neoplasia. (medscape.com)
  • They share a common gene pool, which refers to the collective group of alleles in the individuals in the population. (csbsju.edu)
  • American chestnut represents the rare case in which the pathogen is pervasive (it survives on other hosts) and lethal susceptibility is so nearly universal that the species may be rescuable only by incorporating extraspecific alleles or genes through interspecific hybridization or genetic transformation. (springer.com)
  • 2. Discover genomic regions and candidate genes/alleles associated with high yield, reduced environmental impacts, resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, beneficial microbial interactions, and novel/superior grain qualities that are expressed across environments and management systems (GxExM) by developing and utilizing bioinformatics tools, high throughput phenotyping, and omics-driven analyses. (usda.gov)
  • Genomic imprinting is an epigenetic process resulting in the expression of genes in a parent-of-origin specific manner. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The aim was to purify cardiac myocyte nuclei from hearts of different species by magnetic- or fluorescent-assisted sorting and to determine the nuclear and cellular RNA expression profiles and epigenetic marks in a cardiac myocyte-specific manner. (nih.gov)
  • DNA methylation, histone modification and microRNA (miRNA) expression are examples of epigenetic mechanisms that have recently been identified as important regulators of gene expression in many biological systems. (eprbiotechnews.com)
  • It has become evident that epigenetic factors, such as D N A methylation and miRNA expression, have essential roles in obesity development. (eprbiotechnews.com)
  • That data analysis shows global epigenetic similarity and difference among breeds, sexes and anatomic locations. (eprbiotechnews.com)
  • For instance, epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation that modify gene expression without changing the underlying genetic code, may facilitate the emergence of resistant phenotypes in complex ways. (potatobeetle.org)
  • HZ'), and 120 recombination inbred lines (RILs) were obtained through successive multi-generational selfing. (chinbullbotany.com)
  • The structural organization of the genome is regulated at different levels to establish a functional framework that facilitates cellular processes such as gene expression and programmed somatic recombination. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Treating variations in expression levels as quantitative traits, and using. (the-scientist.com)
  • Therefore, its use conveys the incorrect impression that behavioral traits are "inherited" or specifically passed down through the genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Behavioral geneticists also conduct heritability analyses based on the assumption that genes and environments contribute in a separate, additive manner to behavioral traits. (wikipedia.org)
  • Characterization of gene networks can shed light on the biological pathways underlying complex traits and provide the functional context for identifying those genes that contribute to disease development. (nih.gov)
  • This article will provide an overview of approaches used to identify or construct gene networks and describe how systems biology approaches are helping to better understand complex traits such as behavioral responses to beverage alcohol (i.e., ethanol) and alcoholism. (nih.gov)
  • The predominant experimental strategy used by contemporary geneticists to identify the genetic factors involved in complex traits, such as behavioral responses to alcohol, essentially is an expansion of the gene mapping approach proposed by Botstein and colleagues (1980) over 30 years ago. (nih.gov)
  • Refers to differences in traits observed between individuals of a population. (csbsju.edu)
  • Identify optimum gene combinations using modeling of interactions between agronomic traits, reduced environmental impacts, biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, the plant-microbiome, and rice grain quality parameters that are expressed across environments and management systems (GxExM). (usda.gov)
  • Brakefield and his team showed that abnormal expression of the Dll gene in the four stages results in abnormal traits. (asu.edu)
  • 7 In another country, such as the province of Antalya, Turkey, there has been a significant increase in the incidence of consanguineous marriages, approximately 40.7% between populations and the results showed that the most frequent type of marriage was between first cousins. (omjournal.org)
  • The use of transgenic mouse technology to drive the expression of reporter molecules in neurons is rapidly becoming an important tool for visualizing neuronal populations and their neural circuitry. (molvis.org)
  • Comparisons of gene expression between populations from these regions revealed constitutively elevated expression of an array of detoxification genes in the East, but no evidence of additional induction when exposed to imidacloprid. (potatobeetle.org)
  • Population geneticists develop abstract mathematical models of gene frequency dynamics, extract predictions about the likely patterns of genetic variation in actual populations, and test the predictions against empirical data. (stanford.edu)
  • Section 4 discusses random drift (the chance fluctuations in gene frequency that arise in finite populations), and coalescence (the joining up of gene lineages as we trace them back in time). (stanford.edu)
  • We propose to identify loci underlying strain specific differences in iron metabolism through a combination of in silico SNP association and gene expression profiling. (nih.gov)
  • Revealing the loci that control gene expression levels. (the-scientist.com)
  • These differences may themselves be under genetic control, and sequence variations at some loci may exert local or regional influences affecting these same levels of expression . (the-scientist.com)
  • Traditional genetic approaches, such as genetic association studies (including genome-wide association studies) and analyses of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in both humans and laboratory ani Mal s already have helped identify some candidate genes. (nih.gov)
  • This study provides new clues for further cloning of heading date-related genes and cultivar selection by mining the QTL loci related to heading date in rice. (chinbullbotany.com)
  • Our strategy to decipher genetic determinants involved in resistance to plague combines Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) mapping with gene expression analysis. (hal.science)
  • Population recovered to 30,000, however in 24 gene loci tested, there is no genetic variation. (csbsju.edu)
  • Genome-wide association studies of inbred mouse strains by Lusis and colleagues revealed three loci associated with hepatic TG accumulation. (ucsd.edu)
  • The differential impact of Sbp2 deletion on selenoprotein transcription between sexes suggests sex-specific hierarchical mechanisms of selenoprotein expression that may influence islet biology and consequentially metabolic disease risk. (nih.gov)
  • Paired-comparisons between libraries showed 319 transcripts differently expressed between embryos and females, 1242 between embryos and males, and 464 between sexes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Dr. O'Brien will focus on the physiological, cellular and biochemical relevance of these genes in male fertility. (unc.edu)
  • This project will use genetic resources, genomic sequence data, and high throughput phenotyping to understand the genes and physiological processes that impact rice yield and quality under changing cultural practices and climates. (usda.gov)
  • The participants suggested approaches to (1) improve reproducibility (e.g., consideration of microbiota, environmental controls, genetic interactions, and genetic diversity), (2) understand innate physiological processes (e.g., molecular factors in disease progression), and (3) enhance translatability for complex diseases (e.g., candidate gene identifications across multiple species). (nih.gov)
  • Proteins encoded by specific genes might directly enhance or inhibit tumorigenesis or progression. (medscape.com)
  • Nevertheless, some genetic risk factors (i.e., specific variants) associated with AUDs have been identified within many genes, some of which code for proteins involved in known biological pathways. (nih.gov)
  • Both work by using a pair of scissors, actually a complex of proteins known as RISC, to cut apart the longer messenger RNAs (mRNAs) that take information from the genes to the cell's protein-making machinery. (nature.com)
  • The small RNAs target mRNAs because their sequences match, and by destroying the messenger, RNA interference stops genes from making proteins. (nature.com)
  • ATHB17Δ113 can alter the activity of endogenous maize HD-Zip II proteins, which are predominantly expressed in ear tissue, and have been shown to play an important role in the modulation of plant growth and development. (canada.ca)
  • The crystal structure of the central domain of Aster-A broadly resembles the sterol-binding fold of mammalian StARD proteins, but sequence differences in the Aster pocket result in a distinct mode of ligand binding. (ucsd.edu)
  • Caspase-2, whose expression is ER-stress inducible and elevated in human and mouse NASH, controls the buildup of hepatic-free cholesterol and triglycerides by activating sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBP) in a manner refractory to feedback inhibition. (ucsd.edu)
  • In the prepattern stage, the Dll gene is activated to produce proteins in specific cells, forming large bands and smaller stripes in the wing. (asu.edu)
  • Using the population and gene pool model, a nother way to look at evolution is that it is a change in allele frequency in a gene pool over time. (csbsju.edu)
  • Taken together, our results show that Pttg1 contributes to gene regulatory variation between mouse strains and influences mouse midbrain transcriptome during aging. (lih.lu)
  • Graphical Expression of variation. (csbsju.edu)
  • genetic factors are then computationally predicted by identifying genomic regions where the pattern of genetic variation correlates with the distribution of trait values among the inbred strains [1]. (stanford.edu)
  • CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest a mechanism for geographic variation in rates of adaptation to insecticides, whereby baseline levels of gene expression determine a population's response to novel insecticides. (potatobeetle.org)
  • To characterize cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) expression in the retina of the thy1-CFP (B6.Cg-Tg(Thy1-CFP)23Jrs/J) transgenic mouse line. (molvis.org)
  • However, expression of the reporter molecule in retinal neurons must be carefully characterized and, in some cases, integrated with data from previous studies using cellular labeling techniques, such as Golgi and reduced silver staining, immunohistochemistry, and intracellular labeling [ 2 , 7 - 11 ], before the experimental utilization of these transgenic animals. (molvis.org)
  • Before we get to the inbreeding coefficient, it's helpful to be reminded of the basic operation of genes. (redwattle.com)
  • The inbreeding coefficient is a measure of the probability that the pair of genes will be identical, having originated with a common ancestor. (redwattle.com)
  • This study is aimed at determining the role of consanguinity on congenital malformations and the correlation of inbreeding coefficient with anomalies. (omjournal.org)
  • This study aims to determine the role of consanguinity on CM and the correlation of inbreeding coefficient with anomalies in Shahid Sadoughi hospital, Yazd, Iran. (omjournal.org)
  • My laboratory collaborated with Dr. Deborah O'Brien (uNC) in the identification and functional characterization two new mouse genes encoding for isoforms of a glycolytic enzyme. (unc.edu)
  • While some studies localized Cmv1 as distal to the Ly49 gene cluster, genetic and functional analysis identified Ly49h as a pivotal factor in resistance to MCMV. (silverchair.com)
  • Groups of areas with shared sexually dimorphic developmental trajectories reflect behavioral and functional networks, and expression of genes involved with sex processes. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Recent insights in molecular biology have identified changes in transcriptional activity of individual genes associated with environmental changes. (wikipedia.org)
  • The multiple genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors that play a role in the development of alcohol use disorders (AUDs) make it difficult to identify individual genes linked to these disorders. (nih.gov)
  • Such genes include those involved in metabolism and bioavailability. (medscape.com)
  • In a mouse model of GWI we developed, corticosterone was shown to act synergistically with an OP (diisopropylflurophosphate) to dramatically increase proinflammatory cytokine gene expression in the brain. (cdc.gov)
  • To address this question of genetic liability, we tested the impact of OP and glucocorticoid exposure in a genetic reference population of 30 inbred mouse strains. (cdc.gov)
  • Selenocysteine insertion sequence binding protein 2 (Sbp2) in the sex-specific regulation of selenoprotein gene expression in mouse pancreatic islets. (nih.gov)
  • Notably, two EpiSC-NT lines show aberrant silencing of Rian and Meg3, two critically imprinted genes in mouse iPSCs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As anxiety is an evolutionarily conserved response, mouse models can be used to carry out genome-wide searches for specific genes in a setting that controls for the environmental factors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Several methods, such as quantitative trait locus mapping, gene expression profiling, and proteomics, have been used in various mouse models of anxiety to identify genes that regulate anxiety or play a role in maintaining pathological anxiety. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We then describe how several genes have been identified through genome-wide methods in mouse models and subsequently investigated in human anxiety disorder samples as candidate genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To complement human genetic studies several groups have used mouse models of anxiety-like behavior for identification of genes and biological pathways that regulate anxiety. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In collaboration with Dr. Gary Churchill (Jackson Laboratory) we set out to use the 109 million mouse genotypes recently released by NIEHS to examine the ancestral subspecific origin of classical inbred strains (Yang et al. (unc.edu)
  • This combination of genetic dissection and gene expression analysis of resistant and susceptible mouse strains will enhance our ability to better understand the host response to plague. (hal.science)
  • To reduce the cost and the time frame for genetic research, we have developed a novel computational method that rapidly identifies the genetic basis for biomedical trait differences among inbred mouse strains [1-3] [4]. (stanford.edu)
  • Mouse MRI shows brain areas relatively larger in males emerge before those larger in females. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Cardiac myocyte nuclear and cellular RNA expression profiles showed differences, especially for metabolic genes. (nih.gov)
  • The search for genes involved in sex-determination and differentiation, and in metabolic pathways associated with communication and mating behaviour, contributes with key information to the development of genetic control strategies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 1 transcriptome and to obtain an initial evaluation of genes associated with main metabolic pathways by the expression analysis of specific transcripts identified in embryos and adults. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using this information and genes searches based on published studies from other tephritid species, we evaluated a set of transcripts involved in development, courtship and metabolic pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Genes associated with metabolic pathways ( maltase 2- like , androgen-induced gene 1 ) showed differential expression between embryos and adults. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Estimates of heritability use statistical analyses to help to identify the causes of differences between individuals. (wikipedia.org)
  • The emerging field of systems biology, which allows for analyses of entire gene networks, may help researchers better elucidate the genetic basis of alcoholism, both in humans and in ani Mal models. (nih.gov)
  • Such networks can be identified using approaches such as high-throughput molecular profiling (e.g., through microarray-based gene expression analyses) or strategies referred to as genetical genomics, such as the mapping of expression QTLs (eQTLs). (nih.gov)
  • Fine-map and conduct candidate gene analyses for kernel fissure resistance (FR)… 2H. (usda.gov)
  • The supplement will add hearts to the heart-tissue bank funded by the parent application to enable further analyses of sex differences. (nih.gov)
  • the level of methylation was maintained in tissue from other germ layers and the level of mRNA from the neighbouring gene inversely correlated with methylation state. (researchgate.net)
  • Furthermore, T3/NSCs and GDNF-T3/NSCs grafting increased the expression of mRNA for PDGF α R, GalC, and MBP in lesion areas of brain compared with NSCs grafting, and the expression of mRNA for GalC and MBP in GDNF-T3/NSCs group was higher than that in T3/NSCs group. (hindawi.com)
  • Because not all Gulf War participants became sick, the question arises as to whether differential genetic constitution might underlie individual differences in susceptibility. (cdc.gov)
  • Furthermore, we identified one OP-glucocorticoid locus and nominated a candidate gene - Spon1 - that may underlie the marked differences in response. (cdc.gov)
  • We also highlight how the genetic tools available in D. melanogaster , such as GAL4/UAS targeted transgene expression system combined with RNAi lines to any gene in the genome including the different nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit genes, are set to elucidate the mechanisms that underlie the sub-lethal effects of these common pesticides. (frontiersin.org)
  • Genomic imprinting, resulting in parent-of-origin specific gene expression, plays a critical role in mammalian development. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 2010) were utilized as inquiries in BLAST alignments to recognize genomic scaffolds and chromosomes formulated with immunoglobulin genes. (resistiresmiderecho.org)
  • Numbers and positions of base pair differences between genomic sequences and concordant ESTs were decided for each VL segment, including the FR1, FR2, FR3, CDR1, and CDR2 regions. (resistiresmiderecho.org)
  • The level of significance for probable selection was set at a threshold of whereas show gaps in the genomic sequence Open in a separate window Fig. 2 Detailed representation of VLJLCL clusters in the medaka IGL1 locus. (resistiresmiderecho.org)
  • RESULTS: We found a striking increase in the overall abundance and expression of both virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance genes in COVID-19. (uni.lu)
  • The difficult and protracted task of incorporating extraspecific genes for resistance into a tree species with lethal susceptibility to a naturalized pathogen represents perhaps the most extreme of restoration challenges. (springer.com)
  • Early attempts to recover American chestnut focused on hybridizing C. dentata with Asian species of the genus, which carry genes for blight resistance. (springer.com)
  • However, regional differences in the evolution of resistance to novel insecticides suggests that other factors are influencing rates of adaptation. (potatobeetle.org)
  • Finally, we will assess candidate genes for a role in human iron metabolism through population based studies. (nih.gov)
  • Similarly, expression of specific genes might result in the modification of the rate of metabolism of agents, both preventive and chemotherapeutic, and, thus, influence drug efficacy, as well as unwanted effects. (medscape.com)
  • Here, we show that fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a lipid metabolism-related hormone, may play a role in this relationship. (tokushima-u.ac.jp)
  • Our data suggest that altered plant metabolism and increased activity of bacterial ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter genes are correlated with these shifts in community composition. (osti.gov)
  • Altogether, our analysis provides a comprehensive overview of imprinted gene expression in pluripotency and provides a benchmark to allow identification of cell lines that faithfully maintain imprinted gene expression and therefore retain full developmental potential. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We will test candidate genes for iron related function in Zebrafish, a complementary vertebrate model. (nih.gov)
  • Combination of the top 4 out of 6 promising candidate drugs with BRAF or MEK inhibitors, partially showed synergistic growth inhibition compared to individual BRAF/MEK inhibition. (uni.lu)
  • By analyzing the candidate genes in the QTLs interval, the related genes that may affect the heading date were screened out, and real-time quantitative PCR was used for gene expression analysis. (chinbullbotany.com)
  • In addition, the sequencing analysis showed that there were 4 differences in the 5'UTR, CDS region and 3'UTR of the candidate gene LOC_Os03g50310 between the parents, of which the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) difference in the CDS region caused a single amino acid change. (chinbullbotany.com)
  • QTL Mapping of Candidate Genes for Heading Date in Rice[J]. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2022, 57(5): 588-595. (chinbullbotany.com)
  • One candidate gene ( EMF2 ) was predicted and validated by quantitative real-time PCR in early-, medium- and late-maturing cultivars from 3- to 6-leaf stages, with highest expression level in early-maturing cultivar, CCRI74, lowest expression level in late-maturing cultivar, Bomian1. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The expression analysis of the selected candidate genes, along with a set of microsatellite markers, provides a valuable resource for further genetic characterization of A. fraterculus sp. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Li purchased two pieces of double-stranded RNA that were complementary to a DNA control sequence - known as a promoter - upstream of the gene that encodes the tumour-suppressor protein E-cadherin. (nature.com)
  • Refers to changes in DNA sequence of genes. (csbsju.edu)
  • A protein consists of one or more chains of amino acids (called polypeptides) whose sequence is encoded in a gene. (genome.gov)
  • Their work could shake the foundations of one of the hottest topics in biology - RNA interference - which studies how short pieces of RNA regulate the expression of genes. (nature.com)
  • In contrast to 4Tran-PCR, Capture-4Tran can uniquely identify both ends of an interaction that involve retroviral repeat sequences, providing a powerful tool for uncovering the individual transposable element insertions that interact with and potentially regulate target genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Transcript abundance and differential gene expression were estimated using the Cufflinks and DESeq packages, respectively. (molvis.org)
  • a protective effect appears to arise from genes encoded on the Y chromosome in males. (nih.gov)
  • miR -132:18.28 ± 0.34 vs 18.50±0.40,both P>0.05).Conclusion The immature dendritic spine development in fragile X syndrome is not associated with changes in post transcriptional expression levels of miR125b and miR-132. (wanfangdata.com.cn)
  • With only those two expression profiles, one cannot determine whether the expression profiles in the two RNA samples differ by more than experimental variability. (nih.gov)
  • This is because the magnitude of all of the relevant sources of variability cannot be estimated from the data consisting only of those two expression profiles. (nih.gov)
  • For example, the variability in expression profiles resulting from labeling the sample cannot be estimated. (nih.gov)
  • There may be substantial biological variability in gene expression among tissues of the same type and so comparing one RNA sample of one tissue type to one RNA sample of the other tissue type does not answer the biological question. (nih.gov)
  • To test the effects of enriched housing on the detection and reproducibility of strain differences in behaviour, we split the data by housing conditions and calculated for each replicate the proportion of variance in behavioural measures contributed by within-group variability and by laboratory x strain interactions. (forschung3r.ch)
  • 0.01) and, when stimulated ex vivo with LPS, showed more rapid up-regulation of pro-inflammatory gene expression than those from line 15I birds. (umd.edu)
  • Therefore, cell type-specific analysis is needed to gain mechanistic insight into the regulation of gene expression in cardiac myocytes. (nih.gov)
  • The organization of chromatin in the nucleus plays an essential role in gene regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As a result, we only have a partial understanding of how transposons contribute to chromatin folding and how they impact gene regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In all cases, decreased transcription was observed in genes known to be regulated by NMD. (nih.gov)
  • However, there are a large number of genes whose transcription is not affected by the environment. (wikipedia.org)
  • The differential expression of several biologically important genes was confirmed using reverse transcription (RT)-quantitative PCR (qPCR). (molvis.org)
  • These widespread differences may be due to altered activity or expression of upstream transcription factors. (lih.lu)
  • The changes in Pttg1 expression were accompanied by consistent alterations in histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation at Pttg1 transcription start site. (lih.lu)
  • In order to better understand differences in the outcome of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) infection, we inoculated a very virulent (vv) strain into White Leghorn chickens of inbred line W that was previously reported to experience over 24% flock mortality, and three inbred lines (15I, C.B4 and 0) that were previously reported to display no mortality. (umd.edu)
  • In some other breeds, such as the Somali, individual cats that have two copies of this altered version of the gene (known as affected , homozygous or KK cats) develop a form of anaemia, called PK Deficiency (or PK Def), that can result in severe disease and ultimately euthanasia. (egyptianmaubc.org)
  • They display differential methylation in association with differential expression. (researchgate.net)
  • The researchers generated a genome-wide D N A methylation map as well as miRNA expression and gene expression maps for adipose and muscle tissues from three pig breeds living within comparable environments but displaying distinct fat levels. (eprbiotechnews.com)
  • Cotton earliness-related QTLs and QTL coincidence regions will provide useful materials for QTL fine mapping, gene positional cloning and MAS. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These genes encode fatty acid desaturases, rate-limiting enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of ω3 (n-3) and ω6 (n-6) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) (Fig. 1a ). (nature.com)
  • Modeling the genetic basis of individual differences in susceptibility to Gulf War Illness. (cdc.gov)
  • A null mutation for the α7 subunit was prepared by deleting the last three exons of the gene. (jneurosci.org)
  • The objectives are not based on gene-specific mechanistic hypotheses like objectives of many other biological experiments, but it is erroneous to conceive of DNA microarray investigations as aimless data mining in search of unanticipated patterns that will provide answers to unasked questions. (nih.gov)
  • Principle component analysis (PCA) identified the genes underlying the transcriptome shift and deconvolution of these bulk RNA-seq changes using midbrain single cell RNA-seq data suggested that the changes were occurring in several different cell types, including neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes. (lih.lu)
  • Induced Sbp2 deficiency in pancreatic β-cells altered expression of only 3 selenoprotein transcripts in male islets, whereas 14 transcripts were reduced in female islets. (nih.gov)
  • RNA-Seq analysis provided a comprehensive view of the relative abundance and differential expression of protein-coding and non-coding transcripts from lens epithelial cells and lens fiber cells. (molvis.org)
  • 2010). A complete of 11 cDNA libraries produced from different tissue from the HdrR inbred medaka stress had been scanned for putative IgL transcripts (Supplementary Document 1). (resistiresmiderecho.org)
  • Gene Ontology analysis showed that genes upregulated in the epithelial cells were enriched for extracellular matrix production, cell division, migration, protein kinase activity, growth factor binding, and calcium ion binding. (molvis.org)
  • The characteristic feature of class comparison studies is that the classes to be compared are defined independently of the expression data. (nih.gov)
  • If the sow and boar share a common ancestor (for example, the same grandmother) there is a chance - a mathematical probability - that the sow and boar will each be passing to their offspring the identical hair color gene that originated in that common ancestor, the grandmother. (redwattle.com)
  • If the COI of an animal is 0%, then there is no probability that the animals share a common ancestor that contributed a common gene to their offspring. (redwattle.com)
  • If the probability is 100% (a condition that almost never occurs), then it is a highly inbred animal and there is an absolute certainty that the same genes from a common ancestor will be paired in the offspring. (redwattle.com)
  • Genetic effects of consanguinity can be traced to the fact that the inbred individual may carry two copies of a gene that was present in a single copy in the common ancestor of his/her consanguineous parents. (omjournal.org)
  • Selenoprotein expression is determined by hierarchical mechanisms that result in tissue-specific levels. (nih.gov)
  • Sharma and colleagues show downregulation of MDM2 gene expression in both glomerular and tubulointerstitial compartments of kidney biopsy tissue from patients with diabetic nephropathy. (ucsd.edu)
  • The biologically relevant question is usually whether the two types of tissue differ with regard to expression profile, or to determine the effects on gene expression of changing the experimental conditions of the tissue culture. (nih.gov)
  • CFP expression was characterized using morphometric methods and immunohistochemistry with antibodies to neurofilament light (NF-L), neuronal nuclei (NeuN), POU-domain protein (Brn3a) and calretinin, which immunolabel ganglion cells, and syntaxin 1 (HPC-1), glutamate decarboxylase 67 (GAD 67 ), GABA plasma membrane transporter-1 (GAT-1), and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), which immunolabel amacrine cells. (molvis.org)
  • Global analysis shows that proper imprinted gene expression as observed in embryonic tissues is largely lost in the ESC lines included in this study, which mainly consisted of female ESCs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Differentiation of ESC lines to embryoid bodies or NPCs does not restore monoallelic expression of imprinted genes, neither did reprogramming of the serum-cultured ESCs to the pluripotent ground state by the use of 2 kinase inhibitors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Fertilized EpiSC and EpiSC-NT lines largely maintain imprinted gene expression, as did EpiSC-PGA lines that show known paternally expressed genes being silent and known maternally expressed genes consistently showing doubled expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Breeding programs nowadays are faced with an ever-shrinking gene pool [ 6 ] due to the use of elite inbred lines for the creation of hybrids, especially after World War II, while the others were discarded. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As many inbred lines were left behind, deemed to be unimportant at that time, the maize crop was faced with a major bottleneck in allelic richness, making it vulnerable to global warming. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The K gene has been in our breed s gene pool since the first Maus came to the UK in 1998 (it is in cats from my original import lines), and we do not yet have any confirmed cases of Maus getting sick with PK Def. (egyptianmaubc.org)
  • Recent work focusing on the study of alcohol-related gene networks is helping to shed light on the molecular factors affecting alcoholism and other complex diseases. (nih.gov)
  • The molecular mechanisms involved in these differences are still largely unknown, and an improved understanding of the relevant factors may open new avenues for pharmacological disease modification. (uni.lu)
  • To help address this challenge, we conducted a meta-analysis of disease-associated molecular sex differences in brain transcriptomics data from case/control studies. (uni.lu)
  • The underlying molecular differences were investigated by using microarrays. (hal.science)
  • For complex disorders such as alcoholism, identifying the genes linked to these diseases and their specific roles is difficult. (nih.gov)
  • However, because of technical obstacles, such as the s Mal l impact of any individual gene, these approaches only have limited effectiveness in identifying specific genes that contribute to complex diseases. (nih.gov)
  • In the current study, we have applied a refined version of the workflow to specifically predict both, common essential genes across various cancer types, and melanoma-specific essential genes that could potentially be used as drug targets for melanoma treatment. (uni.lu)
  • The RNA revolution began in 1998 with the discovery honoured by last year's Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine that small strands of RNA stuck together in pairs, like the strands that make up DNA, could turn off specific genes in roundworms 1 . (nature.com)
  • Mesoderm-specific transcript (Mest) predominantly expressed in mesoderm and its derivatives is also an imprinted gene whose expression is dependent on parental origin and is designated Peg1 (paternally expressed gene-1). (inrae.fr)
  • These data show that Caspase-2 inhibition offers a specific and effective strategy for preventing or treating stress-driven fatty liver diseases. (ucsd.edu)
  • Our results demonstrate the ability of MEMRI to reveal comprehensive developmental differences between male and female brains, which will improve our understanding of sex-specific predispositions to various neuropsychiatric disorders. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Changes in endogenous metabolites ( 1 H- 13 C 2-dimensional-NMR) [22] and gene expression (microarrays) in liver were simultaneously examined at 0, 3 and 6 hr after acetaminophen exposure [23]. (stanford.edu)
  • Those four stages of prepattern, focal determination , focal signaling, and differentiation are regulated by the Distal-less gene ( Dll ), a gene that helps develop organs or tissues in many other animals. (asu.edu)
  • Overall, our findings reveal the role of co-receptor-bound LCK in T cell biology, show that CD4- and CD8-bound LCK drive T cell development and effector immune responses using qualitatively different mechanisms and identify the co-receptor-LCK interactions as promising targets for immunomodulation. (bvsalud.org)
  • The major obstacles in treatment development are that gene-disease associations reveal very little about the underlying biology and that any implicated gene variant explains only a tiny proportion of an individual's overall risk for an AUD. (nih.gov)
  • Studies of low-dose effects of xenoestrogens have yielded conflicting results that may be attributed to differences in estrogen sensitivity between the rodent strains examined. (nih.gov)
  • Results of this study showed that reduced faceseal leakage for N95 FFRs and SMs improves source control. (cdc.gov)
  • Mutation results in the introduction of new genes and is the ultimate source of new genetic information. (csbsju.edu)
  • Our results significantly expand the available gene space of A. fraterculus sp. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To date, results suggest significant sex differences in pediatric heart failure. (nih.gov)
  • 3, including (1) the biomedical literature dataset used in the track, (2) how the topics were developed and the difference between the topics and actual clinical records, (3) how retrieval results were evaluated, (4) data on the participation in the track, and (5) an overview of the relevance assessment process. (nih.gov)
  • Heritability can also change as a result of changes in the environment, migration, inbreeding, or the way in which heritability itself is measured in the population under study. (wikipedia.org)
  • To our knowledge, this is the first study identifying the expression of 254 long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) in the lens, of which 86 lincRNAs displayed differential expression between the two cell types. (molvis.org)
  • The present study investigates whether transplantation of NSCs treated with T3 alone (T3/NSCs), or in conjunction with GDNF gene (GDNF-T3/NSCs), provides a better therapeutic effect than NSCs for chronic EAE. (hindawi.com)
  • And the gene, EMF2 , is promising for further study. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The focus of the study was on attempting to identify a new taxonomy of advanced melanoma based on gene expression. (nih.gov)
  • We recapitulate findings on canonically dimorphic areas, demonstrating MEMRI's ability to study neuroanatomical sex differences. (ox.ac.uk)