• Co-precipitation studies with the host Mycobacterium smegmatis identified the ATPase MoxR as an interacting partner protein. (bvsalud.org)
  • Gene toxicity provides potential insights into function, and here we screened 193 unrelated genes encoded by 13 different mycobacteriophages for their ability to impair the growth of Mycobacterium smegmatis. (bvsalud.org)
  • To study the ESX complex containing this fusion protein in more detail, we replaced the original eccB 5 and mycP 5 of the Mycobacterium xenopi esx-5 locus, reconstituted in Mycobacterium smegmatis, with the chimeric gene. (amsterdamumc.org)
  • Mycobacterium smegmatis str. (lbl.gov)
  • Based on all three methods, 38 purified bacterial isolates, which are well-known pathogens in humans as well as in fish, were identified: nine isolates of M. fortuitum, nine M. marinum, seven M. smegmatis, four M. terrea, four M. flavescens, three M. gordonae and two isolates of M. asiaticum. (chula.ac.th)
  • Mycobacterium marinum, M. fortuitum, M. smegmatis and M. flavescens were common in both diseased and healthy fish groups. (chula.ac.th)
  • Besides pathogenic NTMs, Mycobacterium smegmatis is often used as a model organism for understanding mycobacterial physiology and has been studied extensively for understanding the mycobacterial biofilms. (microbialcell.com)
  • M marinum infection occurs following skin and soft-tissue injuries that are exposed to an aquatic environment or marine animals. (medscape.com)
  • For additional information on cutaneous M marinum infection, see the Medscape Reference article Dermatologic Manifestations of Mycobacterium Marinum Infection of the Skin . (medscape.com)
  • M marinum infection commonly develops as a complication of skin and soft-tissue injuries exposed to aquatic equipment such as fish lines and fishhooks, among others. (medscape.com)
  • M marinum infection was once called swimming pool granuloma, but that term is rather obsolete because of the widespread use of chlorination in swimming pools. (medscape.com)
  • At least 150 fish and frog species, aquatic mammals (eg, dolphins), eels, oysters, African toads, and royal pythons are known to acquire natural M marinum infection. (medscape.com)
  • To the authors' knowledge, nosocomial M marinum infection has never been reported. (medscape.com)
  • The international incidence and prevalence of M marinum infection are unknown owing to a lack of surveillance. (medscape.com)
  • One French study found the incidence of M marinum infection to be 0.04 per 100,000 inhabitants per year. (medscape.com)
  • Feng et al described an outbreak of a cutaneous M marinum infection in China in 2008. (medscape.com)
  • M marinum infection responds slowly to appropriate antibiotic therapy. (medscape.com)
  • M marinum infection may result in persistent ulceration, draining sinuses, or septic arthritis. (medscape.com)
  • Aggressive M marinum infection may cause extensive osteomyelitis, resulting in amputation of the involved digit. (medscape.com)
  • Disseminated M marinum infection and more invasive skin infections have been reported in significantly immunosuppressed individuals. (medscape.com)
  • however, the reports do not include deaths directly related to M marinum infection. (medscape.com)
  • M marinum infection has no known racial predilection. (medscape.com)
  • The differential diagnoses for unusual chronic cutaneous ulcers and those nonresponsive to conventional therapy should include Mycobacterium ulcerans infection. (cdc.gov)
  • Progression of lesions caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans infection before, during, and after treatment. (cdc.gov)
  • The successful use of a bacteriophage cocktail to treat a Mycobacterium abscessus infection suggests that phages could play a role in tuberculosis therapy. (bvsalud.org)
  • To assemble a phage cocktail with optimal therapeutic potential for tuberculosis, we have explored mycobacteriophage diversity to identify phages that demonstrate tuberculocidal activity and determined the phage infection profiles for a diverse set of strains spanning the major lineages of human-adapted strains of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. (bvsalud.org)
  • Based on our results, it would seem that this target gene has an influence on the survival of the infection and could possibly impair the survival from the infection. (howest.be)
  • If the infection experiments are repeated for the different target genes, and the same results are gained, the next step is testing the setting in the mouse ( mus musculus ) model. (howest.be)
  • Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection that is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is often found in human lungs. (howest.be)
  • Unlike most bacteria, those responsible for TB, called Mycobacterium tuberculosis , can survive inside lysosomes, allowing the infection to spread within macrophages in the lungs. (topsciencenews.com)
  • Infection is spread by the aerosol route and Mycobacterium tuberculosis must drive lung destruction to be transmitted to new hosts. (ersjournals.com)
  • The mechanisms whereby Mtb disseminates from the initial Ghon focus are not well understood, but studies in the zebrafish model of M. marinum infection suggest that Mtb is transported within infected monocytes [ 4 ]. (ersjournals.com)
  • Although most cases of human tuberculosis (TB) are caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis , there are rising concerns over infection with Mycobacterium bovis . (scielo.br)
  • Elevated levels of CTSB was observed in the lungs of mice and rabbits following infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) H37Rv as well as in plasma from acute tuberculosis patients. (frontiersin.org)
  • The pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β is thought to play a major role in host protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection ( 1 - 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • In this work, we used a calf ileal loop model to evaluate whether the preincubation of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) with antibodies from healthy, MAP-positive or Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) immunized cows could affect the results of infection after 3.5 h. (hiv-pharmacogenomics.org)
  • Zn2+ intoxication of Mycobacterium marinum during Dictyostelium discoideum infection is counteracted by induction of the pathogen Zn2+ exporter CtpC. (unog.ch)
  • It can also induce granulomatous infection in humans called "fish tank disease" [ 2 ] and, as other nontuberculous mycobacteria, is responsible for opportunistic infections in immune-deficient patients [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • During the infection, Mycobacterium tuberculosis is able to remain dormant in the human host without causing active disease for prolonged periods. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Whole genome sequence of M. marinum (M strain) was first published in 2008 and later with the emergence of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), marinum type strain or patient isolates genome sequences were published. (wikipedia.org)
  • Biochemical, molecular, and virulence characteristics of select Mycobacterium marinum isolates in hybrid striped bass Morone chrysops x M. saxatilis and zebrafish Danio rerio. (oregonstate.edu)
  • A panel of 15 Mycobacterium marinum isolates was characterized by biochemical tests, sequencing the ribosomal DNA intergenic spacer (ITS) region and the heat shock protein 65 gene (hsp65) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). (oregonstate.edu)
  • Of these samples, 174 isolates simultaneously grew on Löwenstein-Jensen (LJ) and Stonebrink (SB)-containing media and presented phenotypic and molecular profiles of Mycobacterium tuberculosis , whereas 12 had molecular profiles of M. tuberculosis based on the DNA analysis of formalin-fixed paraffin wax-embedded tissue samples (paraffin blocks). (scielo.br)
  • One patient produced two sputum isolates, the first of which simultaneously grew on LJ and SB media and presented phenotypic and molecular profiles of M. tuberculosis , and the second of which only grew on SB media and presented phenotypic profiles of Mycobacterium bovis . (scielo.br)
  • The 252 isolates were identified as M. avium complex (21), M. marinum (15), M. kansasii (30), M. simiae (20), M. szulgai (19), M. xenopi (16), M. malmoense (11), M. fortuitum (37), M. chelonae (50) and M. abscessus (33). (who.int)
  • A total of 252 isolates were identi- ria such as M. abscessus , M. mucogenicum , using the monophasic-biphasic culture fied as Mycobacterium spp. (who.int)
  • However, several studies test-tube represents a biphasic environ- M. simiae (comprising 25.8% of total have failed to identify nontuberculous ment (a liquid phase in contact with isolates), scotochromogens, identified mycobacteria in water samples, often be- solid one), while the upper portion is as M. szulgai (7.5% of total isolates) and cause of unsuitable isolation techniques single phase (solid only). (who.int)
  • Collectively, we conclude that the M. marinum G strains are unique and may represent a distinct virulence phenotype in HSB, but this trend was not consistent in zebrafish. (oregonstate.edu)
  • With this experiment we want to optimize the production of knockout strains of Mycobacterium marinum and the identification of true knockout strains among the colonies. (howest.be)
  • Electroporation of a plasmid that is unable to replicate in mycobacteria is used to construct possible knockout strains of the mycobacteria via homologous recombination consisting of two subsequent cross-over events. (howest.be)
  • The plasmid also contains other marker genes (LacZ and sucrose sensitivity), these genes can be used for colony PCR and sucrose test of potential single- and double-crossover strains. (howest.be)
  • Furthermore, the possible knockout strains to confirm the insertion site of the hygromycin resistance gene, in the bacteria. (howest.be)
  • However, only the hly, cnf, pap and iroN genes occurred significantly Selleck PD 332991 more frequently when comparing the strains from pregnant women (48) with those from nonpregnant women (38) (Table 2). (proteasomesignaling.com)
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains of Beijing lineage have induced nice concern due to their fast emergence of drug resistance and worldwide unfold. (stjosephs-hospital.com)
  • Fluconazole-resistant Candida parapsilosis strains with a Y132F substitution in the ERG11 gene causing invasive infections in a neonatal unit, South Africa. (cdc.gov)
  • M marinum infections are rare but well described in the literature. (medscape.com)
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the leading cause of death by infections reported in many developing countries. (slu.se)
  • Pasnik and Smith of the Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, produced a vaccine based on the Mycobacterium marinum Ag85A gene, and tested it on Striped bass, Morone saxatilis, a species particularly susceptible to mycobacteriosis infections. (practicalfishkeeping.co.uk)
  • The therapeutic potential of bacteriophages against Mycobacterium tuberculosis offers prospects for shortening antibiotic regimens, provides new tools for treating multiple drug-resistant (MDR)-TB and extensively drug-resistant (XDR)-TB infections, and protects newly developed antibiotics against rapidly emerging resistance to them. (bvsalud.org)
  • If an interesting gene affecting the survival is discovered, it could be used in the development of new medicine and drugs against Mycobacterium infections in humans. (howest.be)
  • R. salmoninarum is the causative agent of bacterial kidney disease, a Gram-positive bacterium mostly known for causing chronic infections in salmonid fish, while multiple species belonging to the Mycobacterium genus have been associated with mycobacteriosis in fish as well as in human. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Do Mycobacterium marinum infections occur in India? (gcwtvm.ac.in)
  • M marinum is a pathogen classified in Runyon group 1 and is a photochromogen, meaning it produces pigment when cultured and exposed to light. (medscape.com)
  • For this research, it is more feasible to use Mycobacterium marinum, a zebrafish pathogen that is less contagious than M. tuberculosis. (howest.be)
  • Ranjan, D. "Advanced Phylogenomics of the Human and Animal Pathogen Mycobac- terium Marinum" $100,000. (odu.edu)
  • Mycobacterium marinum is a waterborne pathogen of fish and other ectotherms, closely related to Mycobacterium tuberculosis . (biomedcentral.com)
  • As both species share a conserved skeleton of host-pathogen interactions, M. marinum is also widely used as a surrogate to decipher many aspects of the immunopathogenesis of tuberculosis [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The uptake of mycobacteria by professional phagocytes, such as macrophages, is dependent upon the early recognition of the pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by specific pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) that are crucial in initiating and driving the host immune response. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A major hallmark of mycobacteria is the very thick and highly impermeable cell envelope, which plays a critical role in innate resistance to many antimicrobial agents and in directing host-pathogen interactions [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mycobacterium marinum is an atypical Mycobacterium species found in cold or warm, fresh or salted water. (medscape.com)
  • M marinum is water-borne atypical Mycobacterium species that commonly infects fish and amphibians. (medscape.com)
  • Similar ferredoxin encoding genes were identified across Mycobacterium species, including in the pathogenic M. tuberculosis and M. ulcerans , as well as in a wide range of other bacteria such as Rhodococcus and Streptomyces . (rsc.org)
  • This research reported by this article was aimed at understanding the mechanism of bedaquiline resistance in the model NTM species Mycobacterium marinum ( M. marinum ). (zoonoses-journal.org)
  • Weinvestigatedacaseofcutaneousinfectioninanim- brought genomewide analyses into common use munocompromised patient in China that was caused by a novel species within the Mycobacterium gordonae com- to delineate species ( 10 - 12 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Seventy-eight unhealthy and forty-two apparently healthy looking freshwater aquarium fish belonging to twenty-six different species were collected from local aquarium stores in different cities and were investigated for the presence of mycobacteria in north-western Iran by culture and molecular methods. (chula.ac.th)
  • A number of non-tuberculous mycobacterium species are opportunistic pathogens and ubiquitously form biofilms. (microbialcell.com)
  • We have discussed the biofilms of several pathogenic non-tuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) species in context to the in vivo pathologies. (microbialcell.com)
  • Four major LOS species, designated LOS-I to LOS-IV, have been identified and characterized in M. marinum . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Naser SA, Sagramsingh SR, Naser AS, Thanigachalam S. Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis causes Crohn's disease in some inflammatory bowel disease patients. (wjgnet.com)
  • One theory in particular is that Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is intimately linked to the etiology of CD. (wjgnet.com)
  • the complete genome sequence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis continues to provide an invaluable resource to understand tuberculosis (TB), the leading cause of global infectious disease mortality. (jci.org)
  • Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of M. tuberculosis and related mycobacteria is now routine, allowing comparisons across time and space. (jci.org)
  • 2008) and another Mexican study identified, through microbiological methods, the presence of mycobacteria in sputum samples of human TB patients with chronic respiratory problems. (scielo.br)
  • The first study evaluated a recombinant vaccine with a Brucella abortus strain RB51 vector expressing the Mycobacterium bovis Ag85A. (vt.edu)
  • Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) efficacy as an immunotherapy tool can be influenced by the genetic background or immune status of the treated population and by the BCG substrain used. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • antigen 85A (Ag85A) were assessed for immunostimulatory and protective effects against M. marinum. (vt.edu)
  • A DNA vaccine was constructed utilizing the Mycobacterium marinum Ag85A gene and a commercially-available eukaryotic expression vector. (vt.edu)
  • Chronic skin ulcers consistent with Mycobacterium ulcerans disease ( Figure 1 ) were first described in The Mengo Hospital Notes (Kampala, Uganda) in 1897 by the British physician Albert Cook. (dovepress.com)
  • The rnpA gene which encodes RNase P protein has been found to be present downstream of the rpmH gene which encodes ribosomal protein L34 in general in bacteria. (slu.se)
  • These genes are essential for survival of bacteria. (slu.se)
  • Transcription analyses in both bacteria showed that rpmH is produced in excess over rnpA with down regulation in stationary phase relative to exponential phase but rnpB showed up regulation in M. marinum and down regulation in E. coli in stationary phase relative to exponential phase. (slu.se)
  • Here we demonstrate that many bacteria contain a set of unfamiliar ferredoxin encoding genes which are associated with those of cytochrome P450 (CYP) monooxygenases and as such are involved in anabolic and catabolic metabolism. (rsc.org)
  • During the optimisation of the PCR protocol, we observed small facts to look at: the use of the correct positive control (pTEC27 versus maxiprep plasmid), time of the growth of the bacteria and the "age" of the culture or the colonies on the plate of the mycobacteria. (howest.be)
  • To test this hypothesis, the phylogenetic composition of faecal microbiomes was investigated by a 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequence-based approach for Bacteria and Archaea . (springer.com)
  • The slow-growing that humans are infected with nontuber- (TB) broth to cover the lower portion of bacteria included: photochromogens, culous mycobacteria from environmen- the slant only. (who.int)
  • The lower portion of the identified as M. marinum , M. kansasii and tal sources [5]. (who.int)
  • Double-stranded DNA tailed bacteriophages typically code for 50-200 genes, of which 15-35 are involved in virion structure and assembly, DNA packaging, lysis, and DNA metabolism. (bvsalud.org)
  • Understanding bacterial metabolism and physiology is important to decipher the mechanism and pathways critical for persistence of mycobacteria inside host. (thsti.res.in)
  • The knowledge acquired on the genes involved in uptake and metabolism of cholesterol in Mtb is very likely to generate new and more efficient drug targets. (thsti.res.in)
  • Recombinant and DNA vaccines utilizing Mycobacterium sp. (vt.edu)
  • Background: Understanding the genetic range of candidate genes for malaria vaccines comparable to circumsporozoite protein (csp) could improve the event of vaccines for treating Plasmodium knowlesi. (stjosephs-hospital.com)
  • The M. marinum reference strain ATCC 927T did not produce mortality in HSB. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Importantly, it was found that the mode of binding of CoA is highly similar to that of M. marinum NAT1 but different from the modes reported for Bacillus anthracis NAT1 and Homo sapiens NAT2. (rcsb.org)
  • The 38 kDa protein is a serious antigen of mycobacterium tuberculosis and has been broadly utilized in TB serodiagnosis, on account of its extremely sensitivity and specificity. (tbdb.org)
  • 2005) - Immunogenic and protective effects of a DNA vaccine for Mycobacterium marinum in fish. (practicalfishkeeping.co.uk)
  • Fish receiving the DNA vaccine developed protective responses to high-dose M. marinum challenge 90 days post-vaccination, as demonstrated by increased relative percent survival and by reduced splenic bacterial counts over control fish. (vt.edu)
  • but only the DNA vaccine showed promise for conferring protection against M. marinum challenge. (vt.edu)
  • Similarly, no fish were found positive for Mycobacterium in 2017 but in 2018, the prevalence was found to be 37.03% in the Kamp river (4.08% across all rivers). (biomedcentral.com)
  • This survey constitutes the first insight into the prevalence rate of R. salmoninarum and Mycobacterium sp. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis contains eleven Ser/Thr kinases, two of which, PknA and PknB, are key signaling molecules that regulate cell division/morphology. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Within the T7S systems of mycobacteria, also known as the ESX systems, MycP is essential for secretion, which is probably linked to its stabilizing effect on the ESX membrane complex. (amsterdamumc.org)
  • Interestingly, FLU-exposed biofilms showed no significant changes in gene expression over the course of the experiment. (who.int)
  • In AMB-exposed biofilms, 2.7% of the genes showed altered expression, while in CAS-exposed biofilms, 13.0% of the genes had their expression modified. (who.int)
  • There was little overlap between AMB- or CAS-responsive genes in biofilms and those that have been identified as AMB, FLU, or CAS responsive in C. albicans planktonic cultures. (who.int)
  • While Wag31 Mtb appears to have a role in the protection of mycobacterial cells under stress conditions [ 13 ], these observations strongly suggested that Wag31 and its phosphorylation plays a critical role in modulating cell growth through regulating peptidoglycan biosynthesis in mycobacteria. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The 1,885 sequenced mycobacteriophages encompass over 200,000 genes in 7,300 distinct protein 'phamilies', 77% of which are of unknown function. (bvsalud.org)
  • In this study, we set out to create a chimeric fusion protein of EccB 5 and MycP 5 , based on a chimeric gene of eccB and mycP in the T7S locus of Bifidobacterium dentium. (amsterdamumc.org)
  • was isolated from 31.6% of the fish (38 cases), while it was obtained in 30.8% (37 cases) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for a 439 bp fragment of the heat shock protein 65kD gene (hsp65). (chula.ac.th)
  • Numerous mutations and insertions mapped to the gene MMAR_1007 (46/58), which encodes the homolog of Rv0678 (MmpR) in Mtb. (zoonoses-journal.org)
  • Application of PCR technologies, technical session in the two-day National workshop organized by DCE on PCR and Gene sequencing techniques on 20th and 21st October 2017 at Government Brennen College, Thalassery Kerala. (gcwtvm.ac.in)
  • 99% 16S rRNA gene similarity ymptomatic lesion initially appeared as a papule and with M. gordonae , which might also lead to confusion gradually developed into a dull red verrucous nod- about their classifi cation ( 2 , 3 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Insertional transposon mutagenesis is a frequently used technique with the enormous advantage not only of the generation of new phenotypes, but the identification of the mutated gene directly. (proteasomesignaling.com)
  • Identification of mycobacteria from unhealthy and apparently healthy a" by Mahdi Seyfahmadi, Seyyed Reza Moaddab et al. (chula.ac.th)
  • 2 In the Democratic Republic of the Congo (then the Belgian Congo), chronic ulcers caused by mycobacteria were reported in 170 patients in the 1940s and 1950s. (dovepress.com)
  • 2009. Characterisation of mjap genes encoding novel secreted proteins from the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica . (hutton.ac.uk)
  • The M. marinum surface-exposed lipooligosaccharides (LOS) are immunogenic molecules that participate in the early interactions with macrophages and modulate the host immune system. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Herein, we investigated the interactions between a panel of defined M. marinum LOS mutants that exhibited various degrees of truncation in the LOS structure, and human-derived THP-1 macrophages to address the potential of LOSs to act as pro- or avirulence factors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, a deeper shortening of the LOS structure was associated with increased entry of M. marinum into host cells and increased elimination of the bacilli by the macrophages. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mycobacterium marinum is a model organism for M. tuberculosis and it causes same cellular pathology in fish. (slu.se)
  • gene sequencing showed rpoB (365 bp) shared 97.53% and hsp65 (765 bp) 95.53% similarity with M. paragordonae 49061. (cdc.gov)
  • At CDC, immunohistochemical testing of tissue for mycobacteria showed extensive bacilli. (cdc.gov)
  • Acid-fast bacilli (AFB) were seen on the smears of 27 samples (22.5%) by direct microscopic examination method of Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN, for staining Mycobacterium spp. (chula.ac.th)
  • Ranjan, D. "Cellular and Molecular Interactions among Genes in Cerebellar Development over Time and Space" $22,000. (odu.edu)
  • Among the PRRs, Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and complement receptor 3 (CR3) have been demonstrated to play key roles in macrophage- Mycobacterium interactions [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this cross-sectional study, mycobacteria specimens from 189 tuberculosis (TB) patients living in an urban area in Brazil were characterised from 2008-2010 using phenotypic and molecular speciation methods ( pncA gene and oxyR pseudogene analysis). (scielo.br)