Gene glucose uptake adipose tissue fatty acids. Medical search. Frequent questions

The observed reduction in ECS tone may promote fatty acid mobilization from body fat stores, and favor carbohydrate metabolism in skeletal muscle of hibernating bears. (biomedcentral.com)
PPARs do a bunch of things, including regulating fatty acid storage and glucose metabolism. (stumptuous.com)
While the physiological role of adipose tissue in cholesterol and oxLDL metabolism remains to be established, the induction of OLR1 is a potential means by which PPARγ ligands regulate lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity in adipocytes. (jci.org)
Hormones produced by adipose tissue play a critical role in the regulation of energy intake, energy expenditure, and lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. (diabetesjournals.org)
Adipose tissue plays a crucial role in the regulation of energy homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, and lipid/carbohydrate metabolism. (diabetesjournals.org)
which, when activated, stimulate expression of genes involved in energy homeostasis, specifically the metabolism of glucose and fatty acids (Blaschke et al. (bodybuilding.com)
Phospholipid cardiolipin (CL) and phosphatidic acid (PA) jointly regulate mitochondrial membrane architecture and dynamics, with mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs) serving as the platform for phospholipid biosynthesis and metabolism. (bvsalud.org)
When activated, PPAR-γ up-regulates the transcription of genes mainly involved in fatty acid metabolism and triglyceride storage, promoting adipogenesis and lipids uptake to the adipose tissue [ 17 , 18 ] improving whole body insulin sensitivity. (biomedcentral.com)
Of the numerous lipid classes implicated in eliciting lipotoxicity, sphingolipid: ceramides are among the most deleterious as they modulate signaling pathways involved in regulating glucose metabolism, triglyceride synthesis, apoptosis, and fibrosis. (frontiersin.org)
The functions of FGF21 are mainly manifested in glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and insulin resistance. (cyagen.com)
PPAR-γ also induces FGF21 expression in white adipose tissue, indicating that it also regulates metabolism in the feeding state. (cyagen.com)
On the other hand, the terminal differentiation phase was enriched with genes involved in energy production, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
The name glucocorticoid derives from early observations that these hormones were involved in glucose metabolism . (wikidoc.org)
This study will be of high interest to those in the adipose tissue biology and metabolism fields. (elifesciences.org)
In adipocyte Senp2-de﫿ciency mice, accumulation of the SUMOylated Setdb1 suppressed the expression of Pparg and Cebpa genes as well as lipid metabolism-related target genes, which would decrease the ability of lipid storage in adipocytes. (deepdyve.com)
2010). Senp2 also regulates fatty acid metabolism in skeletal Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/jmcb/article-abstract/10/3/258/4763638 by Ed 'DeepDyve' Gillespie user on 26 June 2018 Senp2 regulates adipose lipid storage by de-SUMOylation of Setdb1 j 259 muscle (Koo et al. (deepdyve.com)
To our knowledge this is the first report on identification of a short peptidefrom adiponectin with positive effects on glucose or fatty acid metabolism. (phoenixpeptide.com)
Activation of adiponectin receptors (AdipoRs) by its natural ligand, adiponectin has been known to be involved in modulating critical metabolic processes such as glucose metabolism and fatty acid oxidation as demonstrated by a number of in vitro and in vivo studies over last two decades. (phoenixpeptide.com)
These nuclear hormone receptors play an important role in lipid and glucose metabolism, and inflammatory responses. (bmindfuloflove.com)
Insulin NPH/Isophane, Novolin NPH/Novolin N/Humulin N works on liver, muscle and adipose (fat) tissue to regulate the metabolism of carbohydrates, protein, and fats. (advochealth.com)
It increases fat production by increasing fatty acid release from the liver in the form of lipoproteins which adipose tissue converts to fatty acids then to triglycerides for storage whilst also stopping the metabolism of triglycerides (fat). (advochealth.com)
Recent studies focusing on the intricate network of lipid, carbohydrate, and amino acids metabolism 23 October 2011. (vpncy.com)
The The discovery of regulation of energy metabolism by long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) is a fairly recent event and is still emerging. (vpncy.com)
The insulin signaling pathway is a central regulator of energy metabolism, particularly in the context of glucose homeostasis. (alliedacademies.org)
Since its discovery, adiponectin has been identified as one of the key regulators involved in glucose and lipid metabolism. (encyclopedia.pub)
Its pathophysiology is likely to involve insulin resistance at the level of both skeletal muscle and visceral adipose tissue and altered fluxes of metabolic substrates between these tissues that in turn impair liver metabolism. (erudit.org)
A deeper understanding of the effects of these medications on glucose metabolism and their underlying mechanisms of action is crucial for the treatment of diabetic patients with sleep disorders. (vdocuments.mx)
In this review we focus on the bene ﬁ cial impact of sleep on glucose metabolism and suggest a possible strategy for therapeutic intervention against sleep-related metabolic disorders. (vdocuments.mx)
However, it is important to note that some studies have indicated that REM sleep plays an important role in glucose metabolism. (vdocuments.mx)
Treatment with melatonin improves glu- cose metabolism by increasing insulin sensitivity in target tissues in T2D ani- mals. (vdocuments.mx)

Through the promotion of fatty acid oxidation and lipogenesis inhibition, leptin was found to control the release of stored glucose from adipose tissues. (wikipedia.org)
Additionally, high circulating level of the endocannabinoid-like compound N-oleoylethanolamide (OEA) in winter could favor lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation in peripheral tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
BAIBA is one of the myokines, affectionately known as "exercise factors", which play a powerful role behind the benefits of regular exercise-increased glucose uptake, increased free fatty acid oxidation, and reduced fat mass. (naturalscience.com)
Lipins also act in the nucleus as transcriptional co-activators with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator-1α (PGC-1α) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α to regulate target genes involved in fatty acid oxidation. (aocs.org)
PGC-1α and PPARα are both master regulators of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and fatty acid oxidation, respectively [reviewed in 6]. (aocs.org)
The functions of the lipins in co-regulating the effects of PGC-1α and PPARα and also acting as a PAP demonstrate the unique abilities of lipins to regulate both glycerolipid synthesis and fatty acid oxidation. (aocs.org)
In mice, prolonged fasting of PPAR-α strongly induces FGF21 expression in the liver, which induces the transcriptional coactivator PGC-1α, and stimulates liver gluconeogenesis, fatty acid oxidation, and ketogenesis. (cyagen.com)
DNA microarray expression profiling indicated that dietary administration of NDGA upregulated the expression of certain genes involved in fatty acid oxidation and their transcription regulator, PPARα, decreased the expression of a number of lipogenic genes and relevant transcription factors, and differentially impacted the genes of fatty acid transporters, acetyl CoA synthetases, elongases, fatty acid desaturases and lipid clearance proteins in liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
These findings suggest that NDGA ameliorates hypertriglyceridemia and steatosis primarily by inhibiting lipogenesis and enhancing fatty acid catabolism in three major insulin responsive tissues by altering the expression of key enzyme genes and transcription factors involved in de novo lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation. (biomedcentral.com)
Conversely, it activates enzymes involved in ATP-generating processes, such as fatty acid oxidation (e.g., carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1, CPT1) and glucose uptake (e.g., translocation of GLUT4). (alliedacademies.org)
Adiponectin is the adipokine associated with insulin sensitization, reducing liver gluconeogenesis, and increasing fatty acid oxidation and glucose uptake. (encyclopedia.pub)

For example, lipin-1 is the major PAP in adipose tissue, and cardiac and skeletal muscle since lipin-1-deficient mice had little if any detectable PAP activity [2]. (aocs.org)
Notably, recent studies suggest that the accumulation of sphingolipids, namely ceramides and it's metabolites, play essential roles in the development of insulin resistance in tissues such as skeletal muscle, liver and, adipose tissue in obese rodents, and humans ( 6 - 20 ). (frontiersin.org)
In the present study, a high-fructose diet fed rat model of hypertriglyceridemia, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis was employed to investigate the global transcriptional changes in the lipid metabolizing pathways in three insulin sensitive tissues: liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue in response to chronic dietary administration of NDGA. (biomedcentral.com)
Moreover, we hypothesized that these mice would have accumulation of TGs in other tissues, such as the liver or skeletal muscle, resulting in lipotoxicity and metabolic derangements, such as insulin resistance or fatty liver disease. (elifesciences.org)
We also found that ADP-1 activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in an adaptor protein, phosphotyrosine interacting with PH domain and leucine zipper 1 (APPL1)-dependent pathway and stimulates glucose uptake in rat skeletal muscle cells (L-6 myotubes). (phoenixpeptide.com)
Insulin-dependent tissues, adipose tissue and primarily skeletal muscles, are responsible for the remaining 25% of glucose utilization. (justia.com)
REV-ERB is a family of proteins that are found in skeletal muscle, liver, brain, and adipose tissue. (bmindfuloflove.com)
This effect was also extended to metabolic genes found in the liver, skeletal muscle, and fat tissue, changing their circadian expression and causing them to use up more energy. (bmindfuloflove.com)

In biochemistry, lipogenesis is the conversion of fatty acids and glycerol into fats, or a metabolic process through which acetyl-CoA is converted to triglyceride for storage in fat. (wikipedia.org)
Fatty acid esterification takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum of cells by metabolic pathways in which acyl groups in fatty acyl-CoAs are transferred to the hydroxyl groups of glycerol-3-phosphate and diacylglycerol. (wikipedia.org)
It is involved in the process by limiting fat storage through inhibition of glucose intake and interfering with other adipose metabolic pathways. (wikipedia.org)
Adipocytes, the key components of the adipose tissue, have unique ability to store excess energy in the form of triglycerides, sense systemic energy demands, and secrete factors (lipids, peptides, cytokines, and adipokines) to regulate other metabolic tissues. (frontiersin.org)
The presence of various types of adipocytes (white, brown, and beige) characterized by the number/size of lipid droplets, mitochondrial density, and thermogenic capacity, further highlights how intricate is the communication of these cell-types with other metabolic tissues to sense nutrients. (frontiersin.org)
Accumulation of neutral lipids, such as triglycerides, in key insulin target tissues, has been postulated to inhibit metabolic functions, however, they are less likely to be deleterious. (frontiersin.org)
In this review, we intend to provide a perspective on ceramides and ceramide metabolites in the maintenance of adipose tissue homeostasis and how adipose tissue ceramides contribute to the development of metabolic diseases. (frontiersin.org)
The FGF21 gene plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), obesity, and insulin resistance. (cyagen.com)
In this article, we review the FGF21 gene, a pathogenic gene of metabolic diseases, hoping to give you insights on FGF21 and its role in metabolic disorders. (cyagen.com)
Proliferation was characterized by enrichment in genes involved in basic cellular and metabolic processes (transcription, ribosome biogenesis, translation and protein folding), cellular remodelling and autophagy. (biomedcentral.com)
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease in patients with high blood glucose over prolonged period ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
The ordinary glucocorticoids do not distinguish among transactivation and transrepression and influence both the "wanted" immune and "unwanted" genes regulating the metabolic and cardiovascular functions. (wikidoc.org)
Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), the main metabolite of Creosote Bush, has been shown to have profound effects on the core components of metabolic syndrome, including lowering of blood glucose, free fatty acids and triglyceride levels, attenuating elevated blood pressure in several rodent models of dyslipidemia, and improving body weight, insulin resistance, diabetes and hypertension. (biomedcentral.com)
The favorable metabolic phenotype resulted from activation of energy expenditure, in part via BAT activation and beiging of white adipose tissue. (elifesciences.org)
This study introduces a valuable paradigm in the field of adipose tissue biology: blocking triglyceride storage in adipose tissue does not lead to lipodystrophy and impaired glucose homeostasis but instead improves metabolic health. (elifesciences.org)
Because energy sources are not always available from the environment, many metazoan organisms have evolved the ability to store large amounts of metabolic energy as triglycerides (TG) in adipose tissue. (elifesciences.org)
Exceeding the capacity to store TG in adipocytes occurs in obesity and is often accompanied by deposition of TG in other tissues and metabolic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. (elifesciences.org)
Glycogen metabolic genes are involved in trehalose-6-phosphate. (vpncy.com)
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with obesity, non-insulin dependent diabetes, and hypertriglyceridemia and represents the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome[ 4 ]. (wjgnet.com)
Normal metabolic balance is maintained by a complex homeostatic system involving multiple tissues and organs. (erudit.org)

We hypothesize that loss of ANGPTL4 function might improve glucose homeostasis and decrease risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). (nature.com)
Functional studies in Angptl4 -deficient mice confirm improved insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis. (nature.com)
Together, these observations suggest that genetic inhibition of ANGPTL4 function might have a favorable impact on glucose homeostasis in humans and reduce risk of type 2 diabetes. (nature.com)
It is not yet known whether p.E40K affects glucose homeostasis in non-diabetics, whether other variants that abolish ANGPTL4 function modify type 2 diabetes risk, or how loss of ANGPTL4 function modifies glucose homeostasis and type 2 diabetes risk. (nature.com)
There are conflicting published reports of the relationship between ANGPTL4 function and glucose homeostasis in animal models. (nature.com)
We also evaluate the functional consequences of rare and novel genetic variants identified by exome sequencing, as well as the effect of Angptl4 deletion on insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis. (nature.com)
The adipocyte is the major site of fatty acid storage in the body and plays a critical role in maintaining normal glucose and lipid homeostasis. (jci.org)
The prevailing dogma is that thermogenic brown adipose tissue (BAT) contributes to improvements in glucose homeostasis in obesogenic animal models, though much of the evidence supporting this premise is from thermostressed rodents. (diabetesjournals.org)
Excess or insuf﫿cient lipid storage in generation of the intermediate species of diacylglycerol (DAG) adipose tissues would impair nutrient homeostasis, which is and monoacylglycerol (MAG) (Young and Zechner, 2013). (deepdyve.com)
In his study, Glucose homeostasis is strongly linked to Neuropeptide, which falls under the umbrella field of Hypothalamus. (research.com)
The Ghrelin study combines topics in areas such as Adipose tissue, Adipocyte, Glucose uptake, Deoxyglucose and Glucose homeostasis. (research.com)
BACKGROUND: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) which controls body weight, glucose homeostasis, and adipocyte differentiation is a valuable candidate gene for insulin resistance (IR). (ac.ir)
Thus, an adequate quantity of sleep is important for the maintenance of glucose homeostasis. (vdocuments.mx)

Lipogenesis encompasses both fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis, with the latter being the process by which fatty acids are esterified to glycerol before being packaged into very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). (wikipedia.org)
Triacylglycerol synthesis, on the other hand, occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane of cells by bonding three fatty acid molecules to a glycerol molecule. (wikipedia.org)
Fatty acid synthesis starts with acetyl-CoA and builds up by the addition of two-carbon units. (wikipedia.org)
Fatty acid synthesis occurs in the cytoplasm of cells while oxidative degradation occurs in the mitochondria. (wikipedia.org)
Many of the enzymes for the fatty acid synthesis are organized into a multienzyme complex called fatty acid synthase. (wikipedia.org)
The major sites of fatty acid synthesis are adipose tissue and the liver. (wikipedia.org)
GH initially exerts insulin -like effects, increasing glucose uptake in muscle and fat, stimulating amino acid uptake and protein synthesis in liver and muscle, and inhibiting lipolysis in adipose tissue. (msdmanuals.com)
Furthermore, two intermediates in this pathway, phosphatidic acid and diacylglycerol, serve as essential precursors for the synthesis of phospholipids. (aocs.org)
This pathway results in the synthesis of glucose from non- hexose substrates such as amino acids and lipids and is particularly important in carnivores and certain herbivores. (wikidoc.org)
In the liver and muscles, it increases glycogen synthesis which is the immediate storage form of glucose. (advochealth.com)
In muscle tissue protein synthesis is increased. (advochealth.com)
2. Cholesterol is an extremely important biological molecule that has roles in membrane structure as well as being a precursor for the synthesis of the steroid hormones, the bile acids, and vitamin D.Both dietary cholesterol, and that synthesized de novo, are transported through the circulation in lipoprotein particles. (vpncy.com)
When activated, AMPK phosphorylates and inhibits enzymes involved in ATP-consuming processes, such as fatty acid synthesis (e.g., acetyl-CoA carboxylase, ACC) and protein synthesis (e.g., mammalian target of rapamycin, mTOR). (alliedacademies.org)
Thus, citric acid cycle intermedi- ates are not used for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and are shuttled out of the mitochondria, providing precursors for nucleotide, amino acid, and lipid synthesis path- ways for the dividing cell [13]. (who.int)

OLR1 expression in white adipose tissue is increased in obesity and is further induced by PPARγ ligand treatment in vivo. (jci.org)
BAIBA also instigates the "browning" of white adipose tissue, which increases energy expenditure, improves insulin sensitivity and helps regulate weight management. (naturalscience.com)
The mRNA expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ and lipocalin-2 in white adipose tissue were, respectively, down- and up-regulated. (biomedcentral.com)
Reduction of PPAR-γ expression and generation of a pro-inflammatory environment by increased lipocalin-2 expression in white adipose tissue may contribute to stress-induced glucose intolerance. (biomedcentral.com)
This study aims to unveil biological markers that establish the molecular basis of stress-induced glucose intolerance, with a special emphasis on the visceral white adipose tissue (vWAT). (biomedcentral.com)
Edward W. Kraegen regularly ties together related areas like White adipose tissue in his Endocrinology studies. (research.com)
He merges Insulin resistance with White adipose tissue in his study. (research.com)

In obesity the inherent capacity of adipose tissue to store and sense nutrients is compromised, causing spillover of the intermediate lipid metabolites into circulation and resulting in their ectopic deposition in tissues not suitable for lipid storage, a phenomenon known as lipotoxicity. (frontiersin.org)
In this study, we observed the overexpression of SUMO-speci﫿c protease 2 (Senp2) in adipose tissues during obesity. (deepdyve.com)
For example, variants of the ADIPOQ gene (the rs266729 single-nucleotide polymorphism) are associated with obesity and diabetes in various Arab countries. (who.int)
We previously hypothesized that apoCIII overexpression would compromise fatty acid delivery to adipose tissues and would thus contribute to resistance to diet-induced obesity, similarly to what was described for overexpression of apoCI [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Moreover, I3C exerts anti-obesity effects by reducing body weight and fat accumulation in epididymal adipose tissue in HFD-induced obese mice and thereby improves hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia [126]. (researchgate.net)
Enhanced sympathetic tone, desyn- chronization of tissue circadian clocks, abnormal secretion of hormones, and obesity are relevant to insulin resistance during sleep disturbances. (vdocuments.mx)
Obesity element binding protein 1 and fatty acid synthase. (cdc.gov)
Obesity was defi ned expression chronically in tissues. (cdc.gov)

The results revealed that oral administration of sesamin for 4 weeks (100 and 200 mg/kg body weight) marginally improved blood glucose levels, body weight and significantly ameliorated the effects on heart rate and blood pressure in rats with type 1 diabetes relative to control rats. (spandidos-publications.com)
Of note, ADP-1 decreased blood glucose levels and enhanced insulin production in pancreatic β cells in db/db mice. (phoenixpeptide.com)
DIM decreased STZ-increased high blood glucose levels and food and water intake in diabetic mice. (researchgate.net)
Sleep disturbances have been implicated in the dysregulation of blood glucose levels and reported to increase the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and diabetic complications. (vdocuments.mx)
Nateglinide is an amino acid derivative that stimulates insulin secretion from the pancreas (within 20 minutes of oral administration), which, in turn, reduces blood glucose levels. (medscape.com)

This study aimed to determine whether I3C or DIM could increase glucose uptake via enhanced insulin sensitivity in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes, as well as the mechanism involved. (researchgate.net)
It reduces hepatic glucose output, may decrease intestinal absorption of glucose, and may increase glucose uptake in peripheral tissues. (medscape.com)

They include inhibition of glucose uptake and use, causing blood glucose and lipolysis to increase, which increases plasma free fatty acids. (msdmanuals.com)
Stimulation of fat breakdown in adipose tissue: The fatty acids released by lipolysis are used for production of energy in tissues like muscle, and the released glycerol provide another substrate for gluconeogenesis. (wikidoc.org)
Under physiological conditions, the main- PPARγ mutation has been shown to link to familial partial lipody- tenance of normal adipose tissue mass is mainly the result of a strophy, a clinical disorder characterized by the loss of adipose balance of lipid storage and lipolysis (Bouchard et al. (deepdyve.com)
We measured body energy balance, tissue capacity to store exogenous lipids, lipogenesis and lipolysis rates in non-transgenic and apoCIII overexpressing mice fed a HFD during two months. (biomedcentral.com)
Thus, apoCIII overexpression resulted in increased NEFA availability to adipose uptake and decreased adipocyte lipolysis, favoring lipid enlargement of adipose depots. (biomedcentral.com)

Increased OLR1 expression, resulting either from TZD treatment or adenoviral gene delivery, significantly augments adipocyte cholesterol content and enhances fatty acid uptake. (jci.org)
Overall, our study demonstrates the coordinated expression of functionally related genes during proliferation and differentiation of rainbow trout adipocyte cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Adipocyte Senp2 de﫿ciency resulted in less adipose lipid storage accompanied by an ectopic fat accumulation and insulin resistance under high-fat diet feed- ing. (deepdyve.com)
2003). Selective Cellular uptake of fatty acids and following storage in the form of disruption of Pparγ2 or adipocyte-speci﫿c Pparγ knockout leads TGs in adipocytes are key steps in lipid storage. (deepdyve.com)
Although less fat stor- adqcKO pose lipid storage in adipocyte-speci﫿c Senp2 knockout mice fed age was shown in Senp2 adipose tissues, the increased with high-fat diets (HFD). (deepdyve.com)
Therefore, adipocyte-speci﫿c remain in adipose tissues. (deepdyve.com)
adqcKO Mechanistically, adipocyte Senp2 de﫿ciency caused the downregula- Senp2 mice exhibit an ectopic lipid accumulation and tion of Pparg and Cebpa as well as their downstream target genes insulin resistance related to lipid storage. (deepdyve.com)

Here we report that antidiabetic thiazolidinediones (TZDs) and other ligands for the nuclear receptor PPARγ dramatically upregulate oxidized LDL receptor 1 (OLR1) in adipocytes by facilitating the exchange of coactivators for corepressors on the OLR1 gene in cultured mouse adipocytes. (jci.org)
TZDs markedly stimulate the uptake of oxidized LDL (oxLDL) into adipocytes, and this requires OLR1. (jci.org)
These data identify OLR1 as a novel PPARγ target gene in adipocytes. (jci.org)
Stimulates glucose uptake by differentiated adipocytes by inducing the glucose transporter SLC2A1/GLUT1 (instead of SLC2A4/GLUT4). (cyagen.com)
Mature adipocytes are known to play an important role controlling energy balance in mammals by storing fatty acids in the form of triglycerides in periods of excess of energy and by releasing fatty acids when are needed. (biomedcentral.com)
In order to understand the development of adiposity, it is crucial to identify the factors and mechanisms that regulate the recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) of the vascular stromal fraction of the adipose tissue and its transformation into lipid-filled adipocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
Therefore, growth of adipose tissue includes the hypertrophy of already existing adipocytes and the proliferation and differentiation of new ones from MSCs. (biomedcentral.com)
We have previously shown that fish primary preadipocytes differentiate into mature adipocytes in vitro and that these cells represent a very helpful model system to study adipose tissue development in fish [ 5 , 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
DIM also enhanced glucose uptake by increasing expression of glucose transporter 4 in adipocytes. (researchgate.net)
3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM)-a natural compound produced from indole-3-carbinol, found in cruciferous vegetables-enhances glucose uptake by increasing the activation of the insulin signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. (researchgate.net)

VLDL particles are secreted directly into blood, where they function to deliver the endogenously derived lipids to peripheral tissues. (wikipedia.org)
We explored circulating lipids in serum and the ECS in plasma and metabolically active tissues in free-ranging subadult Scandinavian brown bears when both active and hibernating. (biomedcentral.com)
SR9011 works by regulating certain protein functions, including lipids, glucose levels, and removes dead cells. (bmindfuloflove.com)

Triglycerides are synthesized by esterification of fatty acids to glycerol. (wikipedia.org)
Three fatty acid chains are bonded to each glycerol molecule. (wikipedia.org)
Each of the three -OH groups of the glycerol reacts with the carboxyl end of a fatty acid chain (-COOH). (wikipedia.org)
A lipase is an enzyme that helps break down fats into glycerol and fatty acids that can then be absorbed into the bloodstream. (bodybuilding.com)

Mobilization of amino acids from extrahepatic tissues: These serve as substrates for gluconeogenesis . (wikidoc.org)
Additionally, insulin signaling inhibits gluconeogenesis, the process of glucose production from non-carbohydrate sources, in the liver. (alliedacademies.org)

After being packaged into VLDL in the liver, the resulting lipoprotein is then secreted directly into the blood for delivery to peripheral tissues. (wikipedia.org)
However, soft-tissue swelling occurs, and the peripheral nerves are enlarged. (msdmanuals.com)
In response to hyperglycemia after a meal, pancreatic insulin secretion is stimulated and the combination of hyperinsulinemia plus hyperglycemia promotes glucose uptake (by splanchnic and peripheral, primarily muscle, tissues) and suppresses hepatic glucose production. (justia.com)
Adiponectin connects energy balance regulation in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues [ 10 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)

PPARs are nuclear receptor proteins, which means basically that they're proteins that are active within a cell, and their job is to regulate the expression of genes. (stumptuous.com)

In addition to the change in plasma fatty acid levels, hepatic apoA-I andapoA-II are increased by PPAR-alpha activation, which improves cholesterol levels by increasing HDL levels (Chinetti et al. (bodybuilding.com)
At the end of the trial, PPAR-γ gene expression was significantly different between the UDA and the DASH diet groups (P = 0.040) and this difference remained significant after adjustment for BMI, and physical activity (P = 0.030).CONCLUSION: The result of the study showed that the DASH diet significantly decreased the expression of PPAR-γ. (ac.ir)
There are several factors regulating the expression of adiponectin gene ( AdipoQ ), such as: forkhead box O1 (FOXO1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ), CCAAAT-enhancer binding protein α, and sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) [ 9 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)

The increase in the uptake of glucose can occur through the use of glucose transporters directed to the plasma membrane or through the activation of lipogenic and glycolytic enzymes via covalent modification. (wikipedia.org)
Insulin signaling pathway activates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), which phosphorylates and activates Akt (also known as protein kinase B). Akt regulates glucose transport by promoting the translocation of glucose transporters, such as GLUT4, to the plasma membrane. (alliedacademies.org)

Excessive accumulation of adipose tissue in cultured fish is an outstanding problem in aquaculture. (biomedcentral.com)
Dietary administration of NDGA decreased plasma levels of TG, glucose, and insulin, and attenuated hepatic TG accumulation. (biomedcentral.com)
Although clinically relevant lesions become evident in middle-aged adults, it has been demonstrated that fat accumulation (known as fatty streaks) begins in early childhood [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
I ly region 4 gene was transferred to a retrovirus and inserted nfection with human adenovirus 36 (Adv 36) has been into preadipocytes in vitro, the gene was capable of induc- reported to cause a large accumulation of fat in 4 animals ing the enzymes and enhancing fat accumulation ( 13 ). (cdc.gov)

Lcn2 KO male mice exhibit an increase in the levels of CLs containing long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), a decrease in CLs containing monounsaturated fatty acids, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction. (bvsalud.org)

There is also evidence suggesting that acylation stimulating protein (ASP) promotes the aggregation of triglycerides in adipose cells. (wikipedia.org)

His Glycogen investigation overlaps with other areas such as Glucose uptake and Glycogen synthase. (research.com)
Glycogen overlaps with fields such as Glucose uptake and Glycogen synthase in his research. (research.com)
Edward W. Kraegen performs integrative study on Glucose uptake and Glycogen in his works. (research.com)

We used loss- and gain-of-function approaches including genetic manipulation of the lipolytic enzyme Pnpla2 , change in environmental temperature, and lifestyle interventions to comprehensively test the premise that a thermogenic-like BAT phenotype is coupled with enhanced glucose tolerance in female mice. (diabetesjournals.org)
Lcn2 deficiency disrupts mitochondrial fusion-fission balance and alters the acyl-chain composition of mitochondrial phospholipids in brown adipose tissue (BAT) of male mice. (bvsalud.org)
We studied the effect of cotadutide, a dual agonist glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1)/Glucagon, on interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) remodeling and thermogenesis of obese mice. (bvsalud.org)
Mice lacking lipin-1 ( fld or fatty liver dystrophy) develop fatty livers and hypertriglyceridemia in the pre-weaning period, and are also devoid of mature adipose tissue [reviewed in 1]. (aocs.org)
After a specific knockout of FGF21 in the liver, mice developed fatty liver and hyperlipidemia, reducing serum ketone body levels. (cyagen.com)
Mice with homozygous disruptions in the corticotropin -releasing hormone gene (see below) die at birth due to pulmonary immaturity. (wikidoc.org)
To generate mice lacking TGs in adipose tissue (ADGAT DKO), we crossed adipose tissue-specific Dgat1 knockout mice (Cre-transgene expressed under control of the mouse adiponectin promoter 3 ) with Dgat2 flox mice 4 . (elifesciences.org)
When tested in mice, it was found to impact the circadian pattern, which is expressed by clock genes located in the hypothalamus. (bmindfuloflove.com)
However, the adipose tissue mass (45 %) and leptin plasma levels (2-fold) were significantly greater in apoCIII mice. (biomedcentral.com)
Lipogenesis rates were similar, while exogenous lipid retention was increased in perigonadal (2-fold) and brown adipose tissues (40 %) of apoCIII mice. (biomedcentral.com)
A fat tolerance test evidenced delayed plasma triglyceride clearance and greater transient availability of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) during the post-prandial state in the apoCIII mice plasma. (biomedcentral.com)
Transgenic mice overexpressing human apoCIII have marked elevated TG and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels [ 21 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Objective Indole‐3‐carbinol (I3C), a naturally occurring compound found in cruciferous vegetables, and its metabolite 3,3′‐diindolylmethane (DIM) reduce body mass and serum glucose levels in high‐fat‐diet‐induced obese mice. (researchgate.net)
Previous studies have found that DIM can improve type 2 diabetes by enhancing glucose uptake through the activation of insulin signaling in 3T3-L1 cells, and by lowering the plasma glucose levels in high-fat-diet-fed obese mice [13, 14]. (researchgate.net)

Prostaglandins are hormone-like compounds produced in body tissue that help control blood pressure, smooth muscle activity, inflammation, glandular secretion, calcium movement, hormone regulation, and cell growth control. (bodybuilding.com)
The pharmacological properties of herbal remedies, including the amelioration of insulin sensitivity, the promotion of insulin secretion, the increase of glucose uptake by adipose and muscle tissues, the inhibition of sugar absorption in intestines and the generation of sugar by hepatocytes, have been demonstrated in several studies ( 15 , 16 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
The short chain fatty acid propionate stimulates GLP-1 and PYY secretion via free fatty acid receptor 2 in rodents. (research.com)
Because the pancreas is able to appropriately augment its secretion of insulin to offset the insulin resistance, glucose tolerance remains normal. (justia.com)
With time, however, the beta-cell fails to maintain its high rate of insulin secretion and the insulin resistance leads to the development of impaired glucose tolerance and eventually overt diabetes mellitus. (justia.com)

Inhibition of glucose uptake in muscle and adipose tissue: A mechanism to conserve glucose. (wikidoc.org)

Chronic stress is associated with increased risk of glucose intolerance and cardiovascular diseases, albeit through undefined mechanisms. (biomedcentral.com)
It follows, therefore, that defects at the level of the β-cell, muscle and liver can lead to the development of glucose intolerance and diabetes mellitus. (justia.com)

The inhibition of lipogenesis occurs through the down regulation of fatty acid and triglyceride gene expression. (wikipedia.org)
Importance of Glucose Regulation. (slideserve.com)
3 Text Recurring motifs of regulation Interplay of pathways Three key crossroads glucose 6-phosphate pyruvate acetyl-CoA Introduction. (vpncy.com)

Cardiovascular exercise and low-moderate carbohydrate diets containing essential fatty acids are recommended for reducing triglyceride levels. (bodybuilding.com)

Other hormones that prevent the stimulation of lipogenesis in adipose cells are growth hormones (GH). (wikipedia.org)
One proposed mechanism for how the hormone works is that growth hormones affects insulin signaling thereby decreasing insulin sensitivity and in turn down regulating fatty acid synthase expression. (wikipedia.org)

It is hypothesized that this effect occurs through the transcription factor SREBP-1, where the association of insulin and SREBP-1 lead to the gene expression of glucokinase. (wikipedia.org)
This binding activates a change in gene transcription. (bodybuilding.com)
The activated hormone receptor interacts with specific transcription factors and prevents the transcription of targeted genes. (wikidoc.org)
Glucocorticoids are able to prevent the transcription of any of immune genes, including the IL-2 gene. (wikidoc.org)
Mechanistically, FSH, via binding to hepatic FSHRs, activates the Gi2α/β-arrestin-2/Akt pathway and subsequently inhibits the binding of FoxO1 with the SREBP-2 promoter, thus preventing FoxO1 from repressing SREBP-2 gene transcription. (nature.com)
The mechanisms responsible for the increased adipos- of Patient with ity are changes in gene expression of multiple enzymes and transcription factors by the virus ( 8-15 ). (cdc.gov)

IL-22 is a particular kind of immune mediator that is produced by certain lymphocyte populations and regulates the function of several tissue cells but not immune cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Accordingly, IL-22 represents a novel type of immune mediators that, although produced by immune cells, regulates the function of quite few tissue cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Adipose tissue is a key nutrient-sensing depot that regulates excess energy storage and consumption. (frontiersin.org)

Under postabsorptive conditions in humans, the brain accounts for 50% of whole body glucose utilization (11, 53). (vpncy.com)

In adipose and muscle tissues of hibernating bears, we found significant lower concentrations of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), a major ligand of cannabinoid receptors 1 (CB1) and 2 (CB2). (biomedcentral.com)
Lower mRNA level for genes encoding CB1 and CB2 were also found in winter muscle and adipose tissue, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
La résistance à l'insuline du tissu adipeux (en particulier viscéral) et du muscle, qui se répercute sur le métabolisme hépatique, et les altérations des flux de substrats métaboliques entre ces tissus jouent un rôle majeur dans sa physiopathologie. (erudit.org)

Despite the importance of the PAP reaction, identification of the genes responsible for encoding PAP enzymes remained elusive until 2006 when the yeast PAP was identified and was shown to be an orthologue of a family of three mammalian proteins called lipins [reviewed in 1]. (aocs.org)

MitoBurn® (L-BAIBA) is an amino acid by-product of the branched-chain amino acid L-valine. (naturalscience.com)
FGF21 is induced in rodents and humans on a low protein diet and reduces dietary methionine levels of the essential amino acid. (cyagen.com)

Fatty acids are produced in the cytoplasm of cells by repeatedly adding two-carbon units to acetyl-CoA. (wikipedia.org)
They can affect lipid uptake (how we use fat) and adipogenesis (the creation of new fat cells). (stumptuous.com)
The main producers of IL-22 are CD4+ effector/memory T-cells including T-helper(Th)1-, Th17-, and Th22-cells as well as group 3 innate lymphoid cell (ILC3), the latter comprising natural killer cells, lymphoid tissue inducer like cells, and natural cytotoxicity receptor-positive ILCs [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Glucocorticoid receptors are found in the cells of almost all vertebrate tissues. (wikidoc.org)
It deactivates glucose-producing genes and triggers on genes that are creating new fat cells. (bmindfuloflove.com)
Fat cells - REV-ERB in these cells deactivates genes that create fat storage. (bmindfuloflove.com)
Atherosclerosis starts with dysfunctional changes in the endothelium induced by disturbed shear stress which can lead to endothelial and platelet activation, adhesion of monocytes on the activated endothelium, and differentiation into proinflammatory macrophages, which increase the uptake of oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and turn into foam cells, exacerbating the inflammatory signalling. (hindawi.com)
DIM, a major metabolite of indole-3-carbinol, which is naturally produced in broccoli and cabbage, enhances glucose uptake through the improvement of insulin sensitivity in 3T3-L1 cells [13] . (researchgate.net)
Inflammation is part of the complex biological response of vascular tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants. (absoluteastronomy.com)

In the present study bioinformatics analysis demonstrated cardiac hypertrophy signaling may be the most important pathway for upregulating genes in sesamin-treated groups. (spandidos-publications.com)
Conclusions Our findings suggest that DIM may improve insulin sensitivity through the activation of the insulin signaling pathway, leading to enhanced glucose uptake. (researchgate.net)

Adv 36 DNA persists in multiple tissues of infected sition of visceral fat disproportional to total fat deposition animals for long periods after initial infection ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)

In the fasted state, cortisol stimulates several processes that collectively serve to increase and maintain normal concentrations of glucose in blood. (wikidoc.org)
Plasma glucose concentrations are normally maintained within a fairly narrow range despite wide fluctuations in the body's supply (e.g. meals) and demand (e.g. exercise) for nutrients. (justia.com)

Insulin also increases the cellular uptake of amino acids and some electrolytes such as potassium into the cell. (advochealth.com)
Massive adipose tissue depositions in the abdomen and increased, which results in noninsulin-mediated increases thorax suffi cient to interfere with respiration developed in a patient with multiple medical problems. (cdc.gov)

In this study, we examine the association of genetic variants that abolish ANGPTL4 function with fasting glucose, oral glucose tolerance, and risk for type 2 diabetes in 58,124 individuals of European ancestry sampled from a large US health care population, and in 13 additional datasets comprising 82,766 type 2 diabetes cases and 498,761 controls. (nature.com)
In addition, following CUS, fasting insulin levels were increased and were accompanied by signs of impaired glucose tolerance and elevated serum corticosteroid levels. (biomedcentral.com)
The initial stage of diabetes is characterised by impaired glucose tolerance and postprandial hyperglycemia. (justia.com)
It is characterized by a cluster of risk factors of atherosclerosis including insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and coagulation abnormalities. (erudit.org)

In a healthy person, excess fat is stored as triglycerides in the adipose tissue, and fatty acids are released into the bloodstream only in response to an increased energy requirement, for example, during fasting. (jci.org)

Insulin stimulation of lipogenesis also occurs through the promotion of glucose uptake by adipose tissue. (wikipedia.org)
by regulating lipogenesis-related genes (Ahmadian et al. (deepdyve.com)

GH-secreting tumors are largely sporadic, but genetic abnormalities in the X chromosome (X-linked acrogigantism), overexpression of the pituitary tumor transforming gene ( PTTG ), and mutations in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein (AIP) have been discovered. (msdmanuals.com)

Despite of the relevance of this issue, very little is known about the factors regulating the development of adipose tissue in fish, and the possible health alterations associated to an increased fat deposition. (biomedcentral.com)

A collagen domain-derived short adiponectin peptide activates APPL1 and AMPK signaling pathways and improves glucose and fatty acid metabolisms. (phoenixpeptide.com)

Moreover, during this phase an enrichment in genes involved in the formation of the lipid droplets was evidenced as well as the activation of the thyroid-receptor/retinoic X receptor (TR/RXR) and the peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) signalling pathways. (biomedcentral.com)

In addition to the well-known consequences of absolute leptin deficiency, subjects with heterozygous leptin gene mutations have low circulating leptin levels and increased body adiposity. (diabetesjournals.org)
There are many methods of maintaining normal blood sugar levels, including treatment with insulin focus to a therapy area by external pumps, blood glucose monitoring and physical exercise. (spandidos-publications.com)
Total adiponectin levels increased by approximately twofold in P+ in association with increased adipose tissue gene expression. (elsevierpure.com)
However, plasma free fatty acid and glucose levels were unchanged, and there were only minimal changes in other "adipokines. (elsevierpure.com)
Glucose fluxes ([3- 3 H]glucose infusion) were measured during 6-h euglycemic (5 mmol/l) "pancreatic clamp" studies (somatostatin/glucagon/growth hormone) with stepped insulin levels. (elsevierpure.com)

Furthermore, the information generated will allow future investigations of specific genes involved in particular stages of fish adipogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)

This pattern is preserved using a loop mechanism that turns your genes off and on. (bmindfuloflove.com)
This paper aims to summarize recent findings on the involvement of IR in the occurrence and development of PCOS and the mechanism of IR in various tissues. (biomedcentral.com)

Anatomy28

Organisms11

Diseases19

Chemicals and Drugs128

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment23

Psychiatry and Psychology2

Phenomena and Processes54

Technology, Industry, Agriculture6

Information Science2

Health Care3

Metabolism30

Oxidation11

Skeletal8

Metabolic20

Homeostasis13

Synthesis14

White adipos7

Obesity8

Blood glucose levels5

Increase glucose uptake2

Lipolysis5

Adipocyte7

Adipocytes10

Lipids3

Glycerol4

Gluconeogenesis2

Peripheral4

Regulate1

PPAR3

Transporters2

Accumulation4

Resulting in mitochondrial1

Triglycerides in adipose1

Glycogen3

Mice14

Secretion5

Inhibition of glucose1

Intolerance2

Regulation3

Triglyceride levels1

Hormones2

Transcription6

Regulates3

Utilization1

Muscle3

Enzymes1

Amino acid2

Cells9

Pathway2

Visceral1

Concentrations2

Increases2

Tolerance4

Released into the bloodstream1

Lipogenesis2

Overexpression1

Deposition1

AMPK1

Pathways1

Levels5

Adipogenesis1

Mechanism2