SecretionPeptide 1 receptorGlucoseProglucagonMetabolismPeptidesExpressionRegulatesHormonesMutationsProteinMissense mutationIntravenousPancreasIntestinalMutationLigandIsletsActivatesSequencesChromosomeCandidate genesDiabetesCellsCircadianEndogenousHumansPancreatic genePhenotypesPathwayReceptorsMetabolicModulatorsMiceLiverProteinsRegulateMiRNAMechanismCalcineurinModificationVariantsHyperplasiaTherapiesRegulationDevelopmentalPromoterMicrobiotaLevels
Secretion11
- In humans, obesity is also associated with reduced nutrient-stimulated secretion of the intestinal incretin hormone, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). (nih.gov)
- Activation stimulates insulin release from the islet β-cells in a glucose-dependent manner and suppresses glucagon secretion from islet α-cells. (tocris.com)
- Little is known about regulated glucagon secretion by human islet α-cells compared to insulin secretion from β-cells, despite conclusive evidence of dysfunction in both cell types in diabetes mellitus. (nature.com)
- Fig. 2: Transplanted human islets retain regulated glucagon secretion in GKO-NSG mice. (nature.com)
- Fig. 6: Excessive glucagon secretion by transplanted T2D islets in GKO-NSG mice. (nature.com)
- decreases glucagon secretion from the pancreas . (wikidoc.org)
- Stimulates insulin secretion, suppresses glucagon secretion and delays gastric emptying. (drugfuture.com)
- Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone that powerfully stimulates insulin secretion. (mayo.edu)
- Understanding how genes and the environment interact to affect insulin secretion, insulin action, weight and appetite will help inform more rational treatments for type 2 diabetes. (mayo.edu)
- Corticosteroids and, obviously, glucagon and also the tone of autonomic nervous system via peripheral M-cholinoreactive and α- and β-adrenoreactive structures take part in the activation of calcitonin secretion under insulin hypoglycemia. (scirp.org)
- An Association between Decreased Small Intestinal RNA Modification and Disturbed Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Secretion under High-Fat Diet Stress. (cdc.gov)
Peptide 1 receptor4
- Meta-analysis combining data from all participating cohorts identified a naturally occurring mutation, an alanine (Ala) to threonine (Thr) change at amino acid position 316, in the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) that regulates fasting glucose, with the Thr allele associated with reduced glucose levels. (cedars-sinai.edu)
- Recombinant expression, in vitro refolding, and biophysical characterization of the human glucagon -like peptide-1 receptor. (ncbcs.org)
- Activation of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) upon ligand binding results in the discharge of insulin from pancreatic cells. (ncbcs.org)
- Effects of insulin and the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist liraglutide on the kidney proteome in db/db mice. (lu.se)
Glucose15
- In this study, GLP-1 (100 nmol/l), in the presence of glucose (11 mmol/l), induced a ∼71-fold increase in insulin gene promoter activity in INS-1 pancreatic β-cells, an effect that was an order of magnitude larger than with either stimulant alone. (diabetesjournals.org)
- These data suggest that the synergistic action of glucose and GLP-1 to promote insulin gene transcription is mediated through NFAT via PKA- and calcineurin-dependent pathways in pancreatic β-cells. (diabetesjournals.org)
- Two signaling pathways arising from glucose metabolism converge to activate NFAT-mediated insulin gene transcription. (diabetesjournals.org)
- The second pathway also involves glucose metabolism but appears to be driven by glucose-derived factors that target insulin gene transcription independently of [Ca 2+ ] i . (diabetesjournals.org)
- It also increases insulin production by enhancing glucose-induced insulin gene expression. (diabetesjournals.org)
- Disruption of these clock genes affects locomotor activity, feeding behavior, metabolism, and glucose homeostasis [ 14 ]. (hindawi.com)
- One of these, glucagon, is a pancreatic hormone that counteracts the glucose-lowering action of insulin by stimulating glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Shalev and her team explored root causes of diabetes, like pancreatic islet dysfunction and imbalance of glucose-lowering insulin and glucose-raising glucagon, as well as new therapeutics that would target these underlying causes. (uab.edu)
- We discovered TXNIP almost 20 years ago as the top gene upregulated by glucose in human islets, and subsequently, as a major factor contributing to islet cell death and dysfunction. (uab.edu)
- Alpha cells are responsible for synthesizing and secreting glucagon, which elevates glucose levels in the blood. (oredigger.net)
- The CHARGE diabetes working group has searched for rare mutations altering the proteins coded by genes that affect diabetes, glucose, insulin, obesity and other related traits. (cedars-sinai.edu)
- The association of variation in GLP-1R with fasting glucose and Type 2 diabetes represents the third instance wherein genetic epidemiology identified a gene that codes for a direct drug target in Type 2 diabetes, the other examples being KCNJ11 (codes for the target of sulfonylureas) and PPARG (codes for the target of thiazolidinediones). (cedars-sinai.edu)
- It has been shown that individuals with the diabetes-associated variants of this gene secrete less insulin during oral glucose tolerance tests. (mayo.edu)
- Dr. Vella's team is working to understand how variation in the TCF7L2 locus affects glucose homeostasis in humans with and without impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance or both - and ultimately, how this gene contributes to the development of diabetes. (mayo.edu)
- Pancreatic endocrine islet β-cells create and release the two crucial hormones that regulate blood glucose levels: insulin, which acts to lower blood sugar, and glucagon, which raises blood sugar. (frontiersin.org)
Proglucagon4
- Here, we use CRISPR-Cas9 editing to remove glucagon codons 2-29 in immunocompromised NSG mice, preserving the production of other proglucagon-derived hormones. (nature.com)
- Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is derived from the transcription product of the proglucagon gene. (wikidoc.org)
- Glucagon-like peptide 1 (1-37) (human, rat) is a pancreatic hormone synthesized by post-translational processing of proglucagon. (tocris.com)
- Finally, GLP-2 did not alter other markers of intestinal or pancreatic gene expression, including levels of mRNA transcripts for ornithine decarboxylase, multidrug resistance gene, amylase, proglucagon, proinsulin, and prosomatostatin. (nih.gov)
Metabolism3
- abstract = 'The glucagon gene (GCG) encodes several hormones important for energy metabolism: glucagon, oxyntomodulin and glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 and -2. (ku.dk)
- Shalev's study, "Identification of an Anti-diabetic, Orally Available Small Molecule that Regulates TXNIP Expression and Glucagon Action," published in Cell Metabolism, researched new therapies for diabetes. (uab.edu)
- Interestingly, most mRNAs involved in lipid metabolism are overexpressed after hatching (FASN, SCD1, ACOX1), whereas genes implicated in carbohydrate metabolism (HK1, GAPDH, GLUT1) and development (HGF, IGF, FGFR2) are predominantly overexpressed from E12 to E20. (biomedcentral.com)
Peptides3
- The protein encoded by this gene is actually a preproprotein that is cleaved into four distinct mature peptides. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- The 37 amino acid peptides α-CGRP and β-CGRP are encoded by different genes on chromosome 11. (bachem.com)
- Several mechanisms controlling these processes are conserved in Drosophila, where homeostasis and energy mobilization are regulated by the glucagon-related adipokinetic hormone (AKH) and the Drosophila insulin-like peptides (DILPs). (ruc.dk)
Expression21
- GIPR gene expression in testis is mouse specific and can impact male mouse fertility. (nih.gov)
- increases beta cells mass and insulin gene expression. (wikidoc.org)
- Furthermore, mRNA expression of circadian clock genes is dampened in peripheral leucocytes of subjects with poor sleep quality. (hindawi.com)
- A heterozygous mutation of the GNAS gene that encodes the G stimulatory α subunit (Gsα) of guanine nucleotide-binding protein leads to a loss of expression or function of the Gsα, which impairs the transmission of stimulatory signals to adenylate cyclase, limiting cyclic AMP (cAMP) generation necessary for hormone action. (medscape.com)
- We recently reported that Pax2 is expressed in pancreatic endocrine cell lines and adult islets of Langerhans and activates glucagon gene expression. (unige.ch)
- Differences in the ambient profile across samples are not uncommon when dealing with strong experimental perturbations where strong expression of a gene in a condition-specific cell type can "bleed over" into all other cell types in the same sample. (bioconductor.org)
- We then sum the counts for each gene across these barcodes to obtain an expression vector representing the ambient profile for each sample. (bioconductor.org)
- Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is caused by mutations in the SMN1 gene, which encodes survival motor neuron 1, leading to reduced protein expression levels and degeneration of motor neurons in the spinal cord, with the consequent muscle atrophy. (bioworld.com)
- Researchers at University of Pennsylvania found a way to modify cell nuclear material called chromatin to induce the expression of beta cell genes in alpha cells. (oredigger.net)
- These studies were confirmed by immunostaining, microscopy and gene expression profiling on isolated cells. (harvard.edu)
- Gene expression profiling studies of cytofluorometrically sorted β-cells from 4 and 12 week old NOD mice provided new insights into the genetic programs at play of different stages of type-1 diabetes development. (harvard.edu)
- To this end, a kinetic study was designed to determine the level of expression of selected genes involved in steatosis-related liver functions throughout embryogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
- The livers of 20 mule duck embryos were collected every 4 days from the 12th day of embryogenesis (E12) until 4 days after hatching (D4), and gene expression analysis was performed. (biomedcentral.com)
- Since liver sampling was only possible from the 12th day of embryogenesis (E12), we analyzed hepatic gene expression at 7 sampling points every 4 days from this point up to 4 days post-hatch (D4) and revealed different patterns of expression depending on the cellular pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
- MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical regulators of gene expression in healthy and diseased states, and numerous studies have established their tremendous potential as a tool for improving the diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2D) and its comorbidities. (frontiersin.org)
- MiRNAs play a pivotal role in the regulation of gene expression and are estimated to regulate over 60% of all human genes ( 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
- Silencing of Dar-2 in these cells results in changes in gene expression and physiology associated with reduced DILP and AKH signaling and animals lacking AstA accumulate high lipid levels. (ruc.dk)
- Leucovorin is the folate most often used, but requires intracellular conversion to a reduced folate, and has high pharmacokinetic variability and limited bioavailability in patients with low folate pathway gene expression. (bvsalud.org)
- It is suitable for further investigation in mCRC and has the potential to improve treatment outcomes in patients with low folate pathway gene expression. (bvsalud.org)
- A Network Landscape of HPVOPC Reveals Methylation Alterations as Significant Drivers of Gene Expression via an Immune-Mediated GPCR Signal. (cdc.gov)
- Berry intake changes hepatic gene expression and DNA methylation patterns associated with high-fat diet. (lu.se)
Regulates1
- GLP-1R functions as a receptor for glucagon-like peptide 1 and regulates insulin and glucagon production. (rndsystems.com)
Hormones4
- The rate of insulin gene transcription in pancreatic β-cells is regulated by a complex integration of signals derived from nutrients, hormones, and neurotransmitters ( 1 - 5 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
- Some endogenous hormones, especially growth hormone, cortisol, and glucagon, also take part in the pathophysiological mechanism of dawn phenomenon [ 4 , 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
- This increase, which is due to a change in the number of islets per unit pancreas volume and in the size of individual islets, is not accompanied by significant modification in the insulin or glucagon content of the pancreas, indicating that the content of these hormones per cell is decreased. (unige.ch)
- Are there ways to mimic the effects of genes with hormones or small molecules? (medscape.com)
Mutations4
- To the our best of knowledge, this is the first study to report the existence of homozygous and heterozygous mutations at positions 554, 555 and 559 in exon 4 of SLC35A3 gene in Indian Holstein cattle. (researchgate.net)
- Fabry disease is a metabolic disease characterized by a deficiency in the lysosomal α-galactosidase enzyme caused by mutations in the GLA gene. (bioworld.com)
- CFTR mutations only affect a handful of cell types, but the gene is present in every cell of the body. (childrenscolorado.org)
- Several gene mutations have been described. (medscape.com)
Protein9
- We have previously identified NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T-cells) as a key regulator of insulin gene transcription in pancreatic β-cells that is activated by the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase 2B (calcineurin) in response to increased [Ca 2+ ] i ( 10 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
- The glucagon receptor is a 62 kDa protein that is activated by glucagon and is a member of the class B G-protein coupled family of receptors, coupled to G alpha i, Gs and to a lesser extent G alpha q. (wikipedia.org)
- Furthermore, the structural dynamics of an active state complex of the Glucagon receptor, Glucagon, the Receptor activity-modifying protein, and the G-protein C-terminus has been determined using a computational and experimental approach. (wikipedia.org)
- On the other hand, mechanisms that impair the circadian clock genes, such as circadian locomotor output cycles kaput ( CLOCK ), brain and muscle Arnt-like protein 1 ( BMAL1 ), and period genes ( PER1 , PER2 , and PER3 ), contribute to defective beta-cell function and development of type 2 diabetes [ 7 - 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
- The molecular defects in the gene ( GNAS1 ) encoding the α subunit of the stimulatory G protein (Gsα) contribute to at least 4 different forms of the disease: PHP-1a, PHP-1b, PHP-1c, and PPHP. (medscape.com)
- Glucagon is a ligand for a specific G-protein linked receptor whose signalling pathway controls cell proliferation. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Shalev says, "No oral medications are currently available for type 1 diabetes and none of the approved therapies target the additional problems associated with diabetes, namely the elevation in glucagon (a hormone that leads to even higher blood sugar) and the increase in TXNIP (a detrimental protein that leads to death of insulin-producing pancreatic islet cells). (uab.edu)
- Researchers at Johns Hopkins University found that a protein known for turning on genes to help them survive low oxygen conditions also slows down the copying of DNA strands. (oredigger.net)
- The protein HIF-1α can switch hundreds of genes on or off in response to low oxygen conditions. (oredigger.net)
Missense mutation2
- A missense mutation at 17q25 in the GCGR gene is associated with diabetes mellitus type 2. (wikipedia.org)
- A paired box gene 6 ( PAX6 ) missense mutation, p.T391A, has been described in a patient with bilateral ONA, nystagmus, and normal anterior eye segments. (molvis.org)
Intravenous1
Pancreas2
- We have shown here that the Pax2 gene is expressed during pancreas development as early as embryonic day 10.5. (unige.ch)
- Its absence, as assessed in Pax2(1Neu) mutant mice, results in a two- to threefold increase in the average pancreas volume occupied by the islets in both heterozygous and homozygous mutant mice with a gene-dependent dosage effect. (unige.ch)
Intestinal3
- Suzuki et al (2003) Glucagon-like peptide 1 (1-37) converts intestinal epithelial cells into Ins-producing cells. (tocris.com)
- Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) stimulates small intestinal growth through induction of intestinal epithelial proliferation. (nih.gov)
- Here, we hypothesised that prebiotic modulation of gut microbiota lowers intestinal permeability, by a mechanism involving glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) thereby improving inflammation and metabolic disorders during obesity and diabetes. (bmj.com)
Mutation6
- Inactivating mutation of glucagon receptor in humans causes resistance to glucagon and is associated with pancreatic alpha cell hyperplasia, nesidioblastosis, hyperglucagonemia, and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, also known as Mahvash disease. (wikipedia.org)
- It is caused by a point mutation (G→T) at nucleotide position 559 of the gene, bovine solute carrier family 35 member 3 (SLC35A3). (researchgate.net)
- Genetic testing for a mutation in the GNAS1 gene can confirm diagnosis and identify subtype. (medscape.com)
- Unlike rare genetic diseases that are caused by a single gene mutation, diabetes has many gene contributors whereby each variant has a small effect. (cedars-sinai.edu)
- When Dr. Zaretsky first got interested in applying CRISPR gene editing to prenatally diagnosed genetic conditions three years ago, he developed a few criteria: It had to be a single-gene mutation with in-utero manifestations that shortens the lifespan, causes significant morbidity and, importantly, attracts funding. (childrenscolorado.org)
- Already the team has created a CRISPR construct that targets f508del, the most common mutation of the CFTR gene, shared by nearly 90% of individuals with cystic fibrosis. (childrenscolorado.org)
Ligand1
- The ligand-bound glucagon receptor can also initiate a concurrent signaling pathway that is independent of cAMP by activating phospholipase C. Phospholipase C produces DAG and IP3 from PIP2, a phospholipid phospholipase C cleaves off of the plasma membrane. (wikipedia.org)
Islets2
- Glucagon knockout NSG (GKO-NSG) mice have metabolic, liver and pancreatic phenotypes associated with glucagon-signalling deficits that revert after transplantation of human islets from non-diabetic donors. (nature.com)
- Glucagon hypersecretion by transplanted islets from donors with type 2 diabetes revealed islet-intrinsic defects. (nature.com)
Activates2
- NFAT binds to three distinct NFAT elements within the rat I insulin promoter and activates insulin gene transcription. (diabetesjournals.org)
- One pathway results from the direct effect of increased [Ca 2+ ] i , which activates calcineurin, and in turn, it upregulates insulin gene transcription via NFAT. (diabetesjournals.org)
Sequences2
- Distinct insulins in humans and mice permit in vivo studies of human β-cell regulation after human islet transplantation in immunocompromised mice, whereas identical glucagon sequences prevent analogous in vivo measures of glucagon output from human α-cells. (nature.com)
- Gene sequences from normal and carrier animals were compared using the software, codon code Aligner 4.0.4. (researchgate.net)
Chromosome2
- The human GLP-1 receptor gene is localized on chromosome 6p21. (tocris.com)
- TCF7L2 was discovered as a type 2 diabetes susceptibility gene after a strong linkage signal was mapped to chromosome 10q in a Mexican-American population. (medscape.com)
Candidate genes1
- Genomewide copy number screening using microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization (arrayCGH) revealed a microdeletion of 10q23.33q23.33, potentially implicating the cytochrome p450, subfamily XXVIA, polypeptide 1 ( CYP26A1 ) and cytochrome p450, subfamily XXVIC, polypeptide 1 ( CYP26C1 ) genes encoding retinoic acid (RA)-degrading enzymes as novel candidate genes for ONA. (molvis.org)
Diabetes13
- RNA sequencing of single human islet cells reveals type 2 diabetes genes. (nature.com)
- Discovering human diabetes-risk gene function with genetics and physiological assays. (nature.com)
- There are indications that this gene may play a role in cancer as well as in diabetes. (medscape.com)
- Our studies now show that a newly designed, orally available small molecule, lowered TXNIP and glucagon and showed strong anti-diabetic effects in mouse models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. (uab.edu)
- The results revive and underline the importance of glucagon as another hormone besides insulin having a major impact on blood sugar control in the context of diabetes. (uab.edu)
- Also, currently no oral medications are available for type 1 diabetes and none of the current therapies target the elevated glucagon or the increased TXNIP associated with diabetes. (uab.edu)
- This is the purpose of the gene therapy against type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity that Fractyl Health Inc. is developing. (bioworld.com)
- While knowing a person's genetic risk for diabetes is not significantly more predictive than a lifestyle assessment (family history, age, BMI, etc.) in determining whether a patient will develop diabetes, identifying genes contributing to the inherited risks for diabetes affords a greater understanding of the disease's pathophysiology. (cedars-sinai.edu)
- Genome mapping has allowed genetic researchers to discover greater numbers of genes affecting common traits or conditions such as diabetes. (cedars-sinai.edu)
- The insulin clearance genes may impact the risk of diabetes. (cedars-sinai.edu)
- Results of low-dose recombinant human insulin-like development factor-I on insulin sensitivity, development hormone and glucagon ranges in younger adults with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. (ncbcs.org)
- We've studied the results of low-dose bolus subcutaneous rhIGF-I (40 microg/kg and 20 microg/kg) on insulin sensitivity, development hormone (GH) and glucagon ranges in seven younger adults with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) utilizing a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover research design. (ncbcs.org)
- Type 2 diabetes is a common metabolic disorder that arises out of a complex interaction between genes and the environment. (mayo.edu)
Cells10
- 2019 ) . This is very similar to the WT chimera dataset we previously examined, only differing in that the Tal1 gene was knocked out in the injected cells. (bioconductor.org)
- Scientists from the Lexington, Mass.-based company have designed a strategy based on glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) to transform pancreatic cells and reverse the disease. (bioworld.com)
- According to lead author Klaus H. Kastner, "This would be a win-win situation for diabetics they would have more insulin-producing beta cells and there would be fewer glucagon-producing alpha cells. (oredigger.net)
- The team discovered that many genes in alpha cells are marked by histone modifications. (oredigger.net)
- Mutated recombinant human glucagon-like peptide-1 protects SH-SY5Y cells from apoptosis induced by amyloid-beta peptide (1-42). (ncbcs.org)
- The AstA receptor gene, Dar-2, is expressed in both the insulin and AKH producing cells. (ruc.dk)
- How gene editing will affect those other cells and systems remains to be answered. (childrenscolorado.org)
- This team showed that injection of just three genes- Neurog3, Mafa, and Pdx1 -into the pancreatic parenchyma of mice leads to conversion of exocrine cells to functional beta cells, a process popularly known as "reprogramming. (medscape.com)
- For example, how can genes be delivered at the precise dose to cells in humans? (medscape.com)
- [ 7 , 8 ] As background, in 2009, Collombat and colleagues [ 9 ] showed that pancreatic misexpression of the gene Pax4 led to the conversion of glucagon -producing alpha cells into functional beta cells. (medscape.com)
Circadian1
- Transcript levels of circadian clock genes ( BMAL1 , PER1 , PER2 , and PER3 ) were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. (hindawi.com)
Endogenous1
- It has been demonstrated that glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), which is an endogenous insulinotropic peptide secreted from the intestine, binds to its receptor within the mind and possesses neuroprotective results. (ncbcs.org)
Humans2
- In humans, the glucagon receptor is encoded by the GCGR gene. (wikipedia.org)
- Barrier agains t pathogen s gut bacterial genes in the MetaHIT ation when attempting to extrapolate [10], although Proteobacteria, Ver- catalogue were also well represent- results obtained in mouse models to rucomicrobia, and Fusobacteria are ed in the other metagenomes that the situation in humans. (who.int)
Pancreatic gene1
- Age-dependent pancreatic gene regulation reveals mechanisms governing human β cell function. (nature.com)
Phenotypes1
- Fig. 3: Human islet transplantation establishes a glucagon-signalling axis that corrects liver phenotypes in GKO-NSG mice. (nature.com)
Pathway1
- A glucagon receptor, upon binding with the signaling molecule glucagon, initiates a signal transduction pathway that begins with the activation of adenylate cyclase, which in turn produces cyclic AMP (cAMP). (wikipedia.org)
Receptors3
- Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptors are members of the glucagon receptor family that also includes glucagon , GLP-2 , secretin , GHRH and GIP receptors. (tocris.com)
- Tocris offers the following scientific literature for Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptors to showcase our products. (tocris.com)
- The hypothesis that the Thr allele may result in glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptors with increased basal activity but reduced response to GLP-1 may explain the observed associations. (cedars-sinai.edu)
Metabolic1
- Their ability to maintain cell and tissue homeostasis is critical, with many miRNA genes implicated in human diseases such as metabolic, inflammatory, and neurodegenerative diseases ( Vishnoi and Rani, 2017 ). (frontiersin.org)
Modulators1
- Over 500 products have been investigated for neuroprotective effects including those from the categories of free radical scavengers, anti-excitotoxic agents, apoptosis (programmed cell death) inhibitors, anti-inflammatory agents, neurotrophic factors, metal ion chelators, ion channel modulators, and gene therapy. (researchandmarkets.com)
Mice1
- We generated mice that possess a heterozygous deletion of the PTG gene. (jci.org)
Liver2
- The U.K. Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) and the Gene Therapy Advisory Committee (GTAC) have approved a clinical trial application (CTA) submitted by University College London (UCL) to initiate a phase I/II trial of BGT-OTCD, Bloomsbury Genetic Therapies Ltd.'s liver-targeted AAV-LK03 gene therapy, in pediatric patients with ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (OTCD). (bioworld.com)
- Therefore, the aim of the present study was to analyze a wide range of genes involved in liver development, cell stress, lipid and carbohydrate metabolisms throughout embryogenesis in mule ducks to better understand the ontogeny of pathways related to liver fattening. (biomedcentral.com)
Proteins1
- In this work, we present a different paradigm for predicting miRNA-regulated genes based on the encoded proteins. (frontiersin.org)
Regulate1
- MicroRNAs (miRNAs) post-transcriptionally regulate genes across all animals and plants. (frontiersin.org)
MiRNA2
- We conclude that duplicated paralogous genes that often changed their function, also diverse in their tendency to be miRNA regulated. (frontiersin.org)
- We accomplish this via two strategies: 1) by ranking miRNAs based on the number of T2D differentially expressed genes (DEGs) they target, and 2) using only the common DEGs between T2D and its comorbidity, Alzheimer's disease (AD) to predict and rank miRNA. (frontiersin.org)
Mechanism1
- Currently there is intense interest to define the mechanism of action of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in regulating β-cell function, including insulin gene transcription. (diabetesjournals.org)
Calcineurin1
- Age-dependent human β cell proliferation induced by glucagon-like peptide 1 and calcineurin signaling. (nature.com)
Modification1
- They found that in one state, when a certain gene is turned off, the gene can be activated by removing a modification that represses the histone. (oredigger.net)
Variants1
- Rocket Pharmaceuticals Inc. has received IND clearance from the FDA for RP-A601, an AAV.rh74-based gene therapy candidate for the treatment of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy due to plakophilin 2 pathogenic variants (PKP2-ACM). (bioworld.com)
Hyperplasia1
- Fig. 4: Human islet-derived glucagon corrects GKO-NSG α-cell hyperplasia. (nature.com)
Therapies1
- There is thus a need for new AAV gene therapies for SMA that confer better safety and efficacy. (bioworld.com)
Regulation1
- This is problematic for DE analyses between conditions, as DEGs detected for a particular cell type may be driven by differences in the ambient profiles rather than any intrinsic change in gene regulation. (bioconductor.org)
Developmental1
- The genetic basis of this condition remains largely unknown, as no developmental genes other than paired box gene 6 ( PAX6 ) are known to be implicated in sporadic bilateral ONA. (molvis.org)
Promoter1
- Correlation of CYP2R1 gene promoter methylation with circulating vitamin D levels among healthy adults. (cdc.gov)
Microbiota1
- The recent success gut microbial genes, obtained after has fantastic potential, it has only of faecal microbiota transplantation, sequencing whole faecal microbiota been about 10 years since the sci- especially in the context of Clostridi- metagenomes from 124 European indi- entific community first realized its im- um difficile infection, argues for such viduals [4]. (who.int)
Levels1
- The investigators showed that a class of antimalarial drugs known as artemisinins, typified by the FDA-approved drug artemether , were capable of inhibiting ARX levels, reducing glucagon, and increasing insulin in an in vitro alpha-cell model. (medscape.com)