• The MDH1 gene maps within the RP28 arRP linkage interval and encodes cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase, an enzyme functionally related to IDH3B. (molvis.org)
  • As a proof of concept for candidate gene screening to be routinely performed by ultra high throughput sequencing (UHTs), we analyzed MDH1 in a patient from each of the two families described so far to show linkage between arRP and RP28 . (molvis.org)
  • With genomic long-range PCR, we amplified all introns and exons of the MDH1 gene (23.4 kb). (molvis.org)
  • The MDH1 gene is not the cause of RP28 -linked arRP. (molvis.org)
  • One of the genes within the RP28 linkage interval, MDH1 , encodes for the cytosolic form of malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37), which is directly connected to the Krebs cycle via the malate-aspartate shuttle. (molvis.org)
  • However, since pathogenic mutations can sometimes be located deep within introns, as was recently shown for retinal degeneration genes as well [ 7 , 8 ], we decided to analyze the full MDH1 sequence. (molvis.org)
  • Among them, three genes, namely chalcone synthase (CHS), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH1) were present in both cultivated and wild grapes and peaches. (reading.ac.uk)
  • Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Rat Malate Dehydrogenase 1 (MDH1) in tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids. (operatiebrp.nl)
  • Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Double-antibody Sandwich method for detection of Rat Malate Dehydrogenase 1 (MDH1) in samples from tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species. (operatiebrp.nl)
  • Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Human Malate Dehydrogenase 1 (MDH1) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates or other biological fluids. (operatiebrp.nl)
  • Studies of a pckA-lacZ gene fusion indicated that when cells were grown in minimal media with various carbon sources, such as succinate, malate, pyruvate, lactate, or ethanol, under both anaerobic light and aerobic dark conditions, the pckA gene was induced in log phase, irrespective of the carbon source. (asm.org)
  • A R. palustris No. 7 PEPCK-deficient strain showed growth characteristics identical to those of the wild-type strain either anaerobically in the light or aerobically in the dark when a C 4 -dicarboxylic acid, such as succinate or malate, was used as a carbon source. (asm.org)
  • Diarrhea-predominant IBS (IBS-D) demonstrated shifts in the metatranscriptome and metabolome including increased bile acids, polyamines, succinate pathway intermediates (malate, fumarate), and transcripts involved in fructose, mannose, and polyol metabolism compared to constipation-predominant IBS (IBS-C). A classifier incorporating metabolites and gene-normalized transcripts differentiated IBS-D from IBS-C with high accuracy (AUC 0.86). (biomedcentral.com)
  • New engineered strains of Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC 29007 were developed by deleting the D-lactate dehydrogenase (ldhA), phosphate acetyltransferase (pta), malate dehydrogenase (mdh), and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (acdh) genes to block the production of lactate, acetate, succinate, and ethanol, respectively. (korea.ac.kr)
  • Malate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial also known as malate dehydrogenase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MDH2 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • This would maintain the catalytic activity of the multienzyme system because alpha-ketoglutarate and citrate allosterically inhibit malate dehydrogenase and dissociate this enzyme from the multienzyme system. (wikipedia.org)
  • The pckA gene, encoding the gluconeogenic enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), was cloned by PCR amplification from the purple nonsulfur bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris No. 7. (asm.org)
  • The present study used shotgun metagenomics to determine the enzyme-coding genes of the microbiota found in two different groups of cocoa beans varieties during the fermentation process. (frontiersin.org)
  • Changes in the microbiota enzyme-coding genes over time pointed to the distinct ordering of fermentation at 24-48 h (T1), 72-96 h (T2), and 120-144 h (T3). (frontiersin.org)
  • At T1, the significantly more abundant enzyme-coding genes were related to threonine metabolism and those genes related to the glycolytic pathway, explained by the abundance of sugars in the medium. (frontiersin.org)
  • The enzyme is therefore called malate:quinone oxidoreductase, abbreviated to Mqo. (rhea-db.org)
  • The nucleotide sequence of the mqo gene was determined and is the first sequence known for this enzyme. (rhea-db.org)
  • It was demonstrated that glutamine deprivation affected the expression of most studied genes in ERN1 depen-dent manner and that these changes possibly contributed to the suppression of glioma growth from cells without ERN1 signaling enzyme function. (ukrbiochemjournal.org)
  • Since MDH2 plays a major role in malate-aspartate shuttling in ATP production, its overexpression likely supplies additional energy for P-glycoprotein to pump chemotherapeutic drugs out of the cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Overexpression of malate dehydrogenase in transgenic alfalfa enhanced organic acid synthesis and confers tolerance to aluminum. (usda.gov)
  • In addition, association of malate dehydrogenase with these other two enzymes enhances malate dehydrogenase activity due to a marked decrease in the Km of malate. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some of them are the protein-coding genes for RNA polymerase subunits, ribosomal proteins, enzymes of lipid metabolism, and many other enzymes. (blogspot.com)
  • I looked first at the genes encoding the enzymes for gluconeogenesis and glycolysis. (blogspot.com)
  • Our goals were twofold: 1) to characterize the gene expression, protein expression, and activity of key synthesizing and regulating enzymes of energy metabolism in the whole mouse retina, retinal compartments, and/or cells and 2) to provide an integrative analysis of the results related to function. (molvis.org)
  • The Affymetrix data revealed varied gene expression patterns of the ATP synthesizing and regulating enzymes found in the muscle, liver, and brain. (molvis.org)
  • Also, genes for enzymes in the pathways for production of organic acids and for nitrogen uptake compounds were simultaneously expressed at similar levels in nitrogen-fixing nodules. (usda.gov)
  • Genes for enzymes involved in organic acid synthesis (carbonic anhydrase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, malate dehydrogenase, and citrate synthase) along with genes involved in nitrogen metabolism (asparagine synthetase and glutamine synthetase) were co-expressed in effective nodules of M. truncatula. (usda.gov)
  • In this study, we evaluated the fungicide effect on the incidence of rot grains and expression of catalase (CAT), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) enzymes in commercial maize hybrids grown with conventional and reduced spacing in Guarapuava, PR, Brazil. (geneticsmr.com)
  • 4]Schnarrenberger C, Martin W. Evolution of the enzymes of the citric acid cycle and the glyoxylate cycle of higher plants: A case study of endosymbiotic gene transfer. (chinacrops.org)
  • Citrate also inhibits malate oxidation, but only at low malate or NAD concentrations. (wikipedia.org)
  • When both malate and NAD concentrations are high (10 mmol/L and 5 mmol/L, respectively), citrate can actually augment MDH2 activity. (wikipedia.org)
  • All three effectors (malate, oxaloacetate and citrate) bind to the same putative allosteric site. (wikipedia.org)
  • The potential ability of the aminotransferase to transfer directly alpha-ketoglutarate to the alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex in this multienzyme system plus the ability of succinyl-CoA, a product of this transfer, to inhibit citrate synthase could play a role in preventing alpha-ketoglutarate and citrate from accumulating in high levels. (wikipedia.org)
  • In order to investigate the function of citrate synthase gene, the cDNA encoding citrate synthase was cloned from rapeseed leaf by RT-PCR. (chinacrops.org)
  • Alignment analysis showed that citrate synthase gene had high homology in plants. (chinacrops.org)
  • Under different stresses, we tested the expression of citrate synthase gene in rapeseed leaf by using semi-quantitative PCR. (chinacrops.org)
  • The expression of citrate synthase gene had no obvious change in stresses of salt, dark, high illumination, while was increased at different time in treatments of water logging, drought, IAA, and 6-BA. (chinacrops.org)
  • In the treatment of sclerotium blight, the expression of citrate synthase gene was depressed. (chinacrops.org)
  • There was a saddle curve of citrate synthase gene expression in the treatment of gibberellin. (chinacrops.org)
  • Cloning of Citrate Synthase Gene in Rapeseed( Brassica napus L.) and Its Expression under Stresses[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2009, 35(1): 33-40. (chinacrops.org)
  • 5]Morgunov I, Srere P A. Interaction between citrate synthase and malate dehydrogenase. (chinacrops.org)
  • 8]Koyama H, Takita E, Kawamura A, Hara T, Shibata D. Over expression of mitochondrial citrate synthase gene improves the growth of carrot cells in Al-phosphate medium. (chinacrops.org)
  • Introduction of citrate synthase gene(cs) into an elite indica rice restorer line Minghui 86 by a grobacterium-mediated method. (chinacrops.org)
  • The HSP70 gene family encodes the major heat shock protein of molecular weight 70,000. (blogspot.com)
  • One group of symbiosis-specific transcripts identified by the in silico analysis encodes eight genes with similarity to putative plant disease resistance (R) genes. (usda.gov)
  • Here, we generated transgenic tomato plants by overexpressing Dwarf , a BR biosynthetic gene that encodes the CYP85A1, and compared the photosynthetic capacity with the BR biosynthetic mutant d im and wild type. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 16. Knauss, S., Rohrmeier, T. & Lehle, L. The auxin-induced maize gene ZmSAUR2 encodes a short-lived nuclear protein expressed in elongating tissues. (reading.ac.uk)
  • The alfalfa ( Medicago sativa ) TDY1 gene encodes a mitogen-activated protein kinase homolog. (usda.gov)
  • Binding experiments indicate that mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase can associate with the alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex and that mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase can associate with this binary complex to form a ternary complex. (wikipedia.org)
  • Formation of this ternary complex enables low levels of the alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, in the presence of the aminotransferase, to reverse inhibition of malate oxidation by glutamate. (wikipedia.org)
  • The coordinated expression of genes for organic acid and nitrogen metabolism is expected to play a vital role in the regulation of nitrogen assimilation during Medicago symbiosis. (usda.gov)
  • RNA-Seq analysis unveils gene regulation of fruit size cooperatively determined by velocity and duration of fruit swelling in peach. (reading.ac.uk)
  • It was shown previously that inhibition of ERN1 (endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1) pathway, a central mediator of the unfolded protein response, leads to suppression of tumor growth through down-regulation of key pro-proliferative and up-regulation of tumor suppressor factors and modifies the sensitivity of these genes to glucose and glutamine deprivation. (ukrbiochemjournal.org)
  • indole-3-pyruvate decarboxylase (ipdC), glutamine tRNA synthase (gltX) and cysteine tRNA synthetase (cysS) genes (GenBank accession no. (ibppm.ru)
  • Quantitative cytochrome oxidase (COX) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was determined histochemically. (molvis.org)
  • Among several EPS-defective mutants, we identified a mutant, SL341P4, with a Tn5-insertion in a gene encoding a putative NDP-sugar epimerase, a putative membrane protein with sugar-modifying moiety, in a reverse orientation to EPS biosynthesis gene cluster. (ppjonline.org)
  • Finally gene might serve simply because a good molecular biomarker and potential therapeutic focus on. (tech-strategy.org)
  • Thus, glutamate can react with the aminotransferase in this complex without glutamate inhibiting production of oxaloacetate by the malate dehydrogenase in the complex. (wikipedia.org)
  • The conversion of glutamate to alpha-ketoglutarate could also be facilitated because in the trienzyme complex, oxaloacetate might be directly transferred from malate dehydrogenase to the aminotransferase. (wikipedia.org)
  • Catalyzes the reversible oxidation of malate to oxaloacetate. (decodon.com)
  • It oxidizes L-malate to oxaloacetate and donates electrons to ubiquinone-1 and other artificial acceptors or, via the electron transfer chain, to oxygen. (rhea-db.org)
  • A biolistic method for high-throughput production of transgenic wheat plants with single gene insertions. (org.kz)
  • Alfalfa NADH-dependent glutamate synthase: structure of the gene and importance in symbiotic N 2 fixation. (usda.gov)
  • Isolation and characterization of the genes encoding basic and acidic chitinase in Arabidopsis thaliana . (usda.gov)
  • Recent studies of mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase are focused into the nature of the inactivation processes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Alterations in the expression of genes involved in gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis and inactivation results in increased and decreased biomass accumulation, respectively, which is positively correlated with the photosynthetic rates at the whole plant level [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The cell lines had been also fingerprinted and types was verified by isoelectric concentrating of aspartate transaminase malate dehydrogenase and nucleoside phosphorylase. (tech-strategy.org)
  • In silico analysis of the Medicago truncatula gene index release 8.0 at The Institute for Genomic Research identified about 530 putatively symbiosis-specific tentative consensus sequences (TCs) clustered from 2,700 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) derived solely from Sinorhizobium meliloti-inoculated root and nodule tissues. (usda.gov)
  • 12] These errors, mutations, can affect an organism's phenotype, especially if they occur within the protein coding sequence of a gene. (mercinewyork.com)
  • 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence (GenBank accession no. (ibppm.ru)
  • nitric oxide reductase (norB) gene, partial sequence (GenBank accession no. (ibppm.ru)
  • chemotaxis gene cluster, complete sequence (GenBank accession no. (ibppm.ru)
  • One of the annoying things about all three papers is that they use the words "gene" and "protein-coding gene" as synonyms. (blogspot.com)
  • CTP synthetase (pyrG) gene (GenBank accession no. (ibppm.ru)
  • genes for amino acid transporter, alpha-ketoglutaric semialdehyde dehydrogenase, malate/L-lactatedehydrogenase, partial and complete cds (GenBank accession no. (ibppm.ru)
  • Sandwalk: How many human protein-coding genes are essential for cell survival? (blogspot.com)
  • The human genome contains about 20,000 protein-coding genes and about 5,000 genes that specify functional RNAs. (blogspot.com)
  • Each group identified between 1500 and 2000 protein-coding genes that are essential in their chosen cell lines. (blogspot.com)
  • The only genes they screened were protein-coding genes but the authors act as though that covers ALL genes. (blogspot.com)
  • 2015). What they meant is that they represent 9.2% of protein-coding genes. (blogspot.com)
  • The leaf transcriptomic analysis of the diurnal and nocturnal periods revealed the expression of the significant number of genes involved in the carbon-fixation pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Comparison of 14 housekeeping genes among genome sequences of 4 Chlamydiaceae species and 7 strains. (cdc.gov)
  • In contrast, many genes underwent positive selection in this order and the majority of these sequences are clade-specific. (nature.com)
  • The main module page also shows the location of these motifs within the upstream sequences of the module member genes. (systemsbiology.net)
  • cMonkey tries to identify two motifs per modules in the upstream sequences of the module member genes. (systemsbiology.net)
  • Colors in circles 3, 4, 5 and 6 are consistent for each gene across genomes i.e., "blue" gene in each circle is ortholog in that genome for "blue" gene in C. trachomatis . (cdc.gov)
  • I hope it's just sloppy thinking when they say that their 1800 essential "genes" represent 9.2% of all genes in the genome (Wang et al. (blogspot.com)
  • This study presents a draft hybrid genome assembly for F. religiosa and its functional annotated genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, they generated a limited size of genome assembly and genes (23,929) for the Peepal tree when compared to the present study [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The goal of this study was to estimate the effect of glucose and glutamine deprivations on expression of cancer related genes in glioma U87 cells at ERN1 signaling inhibition for evaluation of their possible significance in ERN1 mediated control of glioma cell proliferation. (ukrbiochemjournal.org)
  • The sensitivity of MYL9 , TMED10 and CUL4B gene expression to glutamine deprivation in glioma cells with ERN1 knockdown was significantly modified, while CUL4A and SPOCK1 gene expression did not respond to ERN1 inhibition. (ukrbiochemjournal.org)
  • The present study demonstrates that glucose and glutamine deprivation affected the expression of the most studied genes in a specific manner and that inhibition of ERN1 signaling preferentially modified their expression at glucose and glutamine deprivation. (ukrbiochemjournal.org)
  • It was also shown that inhibition of ERN1, which controled cell proliferation and tumor growth, modified the effect of glutamine deprivation on the expression levels of most studied genes in U87 glioma cells: up-regulated the expression of ATF6 and HSPA5 genes and enhanced sensitivity of EIF2AK3 and BIRC5 genes to glutamine withdrawal. (ukrbiochemjournal.org)
  • Our experimental strategy shows that long-range genomic PCR followed by UHTs provides an excellent system to perform a thorough screening of candidate genes for hereditary retinal degeneration. (molvis.org)
  • A common approach to the mutational screening of candidate genes consists of sequencing their exons and immediate intron boundaries. (molvis.org)
  • Identification of candidate genes involved in anthocyanin accumulation using Illumina-based RNA-seq in peach skin. (reading.ac.uk)
  • Inter-omic functional relationships were assessed by transcript/gene ratios and microbial metabolic modeling. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To identify genes in EPS production beyond the EPS biosynthetic gene operon, we selected the EPS-defective mutants of R. pseudosolanacearum strain SL341 from Tn5-inserted mutant pool. (ppjonline.org)
  • At T2, the genes linked to the metabolism of ceramides and hopanoids lipids were clearly dominant, which are associated with the resistance of microbial species to extreme temperatures and pH values. (frontiersin.org)
  • We would like to know how many of those genes are essential for the survival of an individual and for long-term survival of the species. (blogspot.com)
  • The blast clade genomes contain more secretome and avirulence effector genes, which likely play key roles in the interaction between Pyricularia species and their plant hosts. (nature.com)
  • Description: A sandwich ELISA kit for detection of Malate Dehydrogenase 1 from Rat in samples from blood, serum, plasma, cell culture fluid and other biological fluids. (operatiebrp.nl)
  • Longitudinal serum biomarker screening identifies malate dehydrogenase 2 as candidate prognostic biomarker for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. (cdc.gov)
  • nitrite reductase (nirS) gene, partial cds (GenBank accession no. (ibppm.ru)
  • nitrous oxide reductase (nosZ) gene, partial cds (GenBank accession no. (ibppm.ru)
  • dinitrogenase reductase ADP-ribosyl transferase (draT) gene and dinitrogenase reductase activating glycohydrolase (draG) gene, complete cds (GenBank accession no. (ibppm.ru)
  • mRNA expression data of energy-related genes were extracted from our whole retinal Affymetrix microarray data. (molvis.org)
  • Expression of these genes and others potentially involved in carbon and nitrogen metabolism was measured in roots, nodules producing nitrogen compounds, and nodules that were unable to fix nitrogen. (usda.gov)
  • One group of genes that were found to have enhanced expression in nitrogen-fixing nodules were similar to plant disease resistance genes. (usda.gov)
  • These techniques are useful tools for identifying genes involved in the symbiotic interaction and nitrogen uptake and for measuring expression of many genes simultaneously. (usda.gov)
  • The expression of symbiosis-specific R genes was enhanced in effective nodules, but transcripts were also detected in ineffective nodules at 14 days post-inoculation (dpi). (usda.gov)
  • To recognize genes potentially using an important function in the development of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) we screened global gene expression using cDNA expression array in 41 CRC tissues samples and 25 non-cancerous colorectal tissues samples. (tech-strategy.org)
  • Bioinformatics identification and expression analysis of grape auxin-responsive gene family. (reading.ac.uk)
  • We have studied the effect of glucose and glutamine deprivations on the expression level of cancer related genes encoding TMED10 (transmembrane p24 trafficking protein 10), MYL9 (myosin, light chain 9, regulatory), SPOCK1 (sparc/osteonectin, cwcv and kazal-like domains proteoglycan 1), CUL4A (cullin 4A), and CUL4B in U87 glioma control cells and cells with ERN1 knockdown. (ukrbiochemjournal.org)
  • It was shown that at glucose deprivation the expression level of MYL9 , SPOCK1 and CUL4B genes was significantly up-regulated in control glioma cells. (ukrbiochemjournal.org)
  • At glutamine deprivation the expression of MYL9 , CUL4A and CUL4B genes was shown to be up-regulated in control glioma cells. (ukrbiochemjournal.org)
  • The expression of a subset of genes encoding important tumor growth related factors in U87 glioma cells with ERN1 (endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1) loss of function as well as upon glutamine deprivation was studied. (ukrbiochemjournal.org)
  • Furthermore, the expression of all studied genes, except EIF2AK3 , was down-regulated in ERN1 knockdown glioma cells in the presence of glutamine. (ukrbiochemjournal.org)
  • In T3, genes linked to trehalose metabolism, related to the response to heat stress, dominated. (frontiersin.org)
  • What they should detect is all of the genes required in core metabolism. (blogspot.com)
  • gene for alpha-ketoglutaric semialdehyde dehydrogenase, D-5-Keto-4-deoxyglucarate dehydratase, complete and partial cds (GenBank accession no. (ibppm.ru)
  • The statistical evaluation of the most abundant genes in each group and time studied allowed us to identify the potential metabolic pathways involved in the success of the different microorganisms. (frontiersin.org)
  • The results showed that there were 878 and 301 differentially expressed genes in cultivated and wild grapes and peaches in the three growth stages, respectively based on the next-generation sequencing study. (reading.ac.uk)
  • A plasmid containing the gene from C. glutamicum coding for Mqo was isolated by complementation of the Mqo-negative phenotype. (rhea-db.org)
  • X-tile plots were constructed for assessment of optimization and biomarker of cutoff points predicated on outcome as described previously.20 21 Statistical Evaluation Contingency desk analysis and χ2 lab tests were used to review romantic relationship between clinicopathological factors and gene amplification. (tech-strategy.org)
  • Genetic studies of the families at high risk for developing renal cancer led to the cloning of genes whose alteration results in tumor formation. (medscape.com)
  • These genes are either tumor suppressors ( VHL , TSC ) or oncogenes ( MET ). (medscape.com)
  • Genetically, RP is a highly heterogeneous condition, since around 50 genes or loci, most of which act as individual Mendelian entities, have been implicated so far ( RetNet ). (molvis.org)
  • Horizontal starch gel electrophoresis was used to assess variability at 23 presumptive gene loci of 732 river otters obtained from fur-trappers in 18 states and three Canadian provinces. (cgrb.org)
  • The barrel medic, a legume plant closely related to the crop plant alfalfa, is a useful model for identifying the genes important in nitrogen uptake and use. (usda.gov)
  • The ability to knock out human genes using CRISPR technology has opened to door to testing for essential genes in tissue culture cells. (blogspot.com)
  • These are the genes activated by heat shock and other forms of stress and they churn out a lot of HSP70 chaperone in order to save the cells. (blogspot.com)
  • This is an example of the kind of gene that will be missed in the screen because the cells were not stressed during the screening. (blogspot.com)
  • None of these genes has been previously associated with retinal degeneration or is known to have a specific function in the retina. (molvis.org)
  • Sequencing of a 2.5-kb chromosomal Sma I- Pst I fragment containing the structural gene revealed an open reading frame encoding 537 amino acids, homologous to known pckA genes. (asm.org)
  • Saratovskaya 29 with Class I Chitinase Gene. (org.kz)
  • Malakhova N.P., Skiba Y.A., Maltseva E.R., Iskakova G.A., Naizabayeva D.A., Tezekbayeva B. K., Bissenbay A.O., Toibayeva K.A., Ismagulova G.A. Assessment of the integrated chitinase gene stability in wheat lines after bioballistic transformation. (org.kz)
  • Assessment of cisgenic bread wheat lines carrying class I chitinase gene to leaf rust. (org.kz)