Gene blotting northern. Medical search. Frequent questions

Prepared reverse northern blot membranes are pre-hybridized in Denhardt's solution with SSC buffer and labeled cDNA probes are denatured at 100 °C and added to the pre-hybridization solution. (wikipedia.org)
Expression of genes was studied using Northern blot analysis and in situ hybridization. (gla.ac.uk)
The predicted size of the COMT transcript was 1.8-2.0 kb, which could be confirmed from Northern hybridization analyses of the isolated rat liver mRNA. (lu.se)
Detailed analysis of three members of the stearoyl-ACP desaturase (sad) gene family by Northern blotting, in situ hybridization and RT-PCR showed that the same individual genes were expressed both in gametophytic and sporophytic tissues, although under different temporal regulation. (nih.gov)
DIG-labeled hybridization probes are highly sensitive and suitable for low-(single)-copy gene detection of rare mRNA in Southern and northern blots. (thomassci.com)
The PATHO-GENE ® HPV screening probe is a mixture of biotin-labeled HPV 6, HPV 11, HPV16, HPV 18, HPV 31, HPV 33, and HPV 51-specific probes in buffered formamide and hybridization enhancers. (enzolifesciences.com)
This gene has no protein-coding homolog in any other genome but its presence is supported by evidence from expression and hybridization data. (ubc.ca)
This GLABR gene was further characterized by a conditional knockout experiment as well as an in situ hybridization on sectioned epithelial cells in order to better determine its function. (ubc.ca)

Genomic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) demonstrated that the ayu rhodopsin gene is intron-less. (bioone.org)
Amplification products are assayed in genomic Southern blots. (thomassci.com)
The apparent differences between Ascoviridae and Iridoviridae in host range, virion morphology, and genome configuration, and the similarities in genes and methylation of genomic DNA were discussed. (psu.edu)

The reverse northern blot is a method by which gene expression patterns may be analyzed by comparing isolated RNA molecules from a tester sample to samples in a control cDNA library. (wikipedia.org)
In order to prepare the reverse northern membrane, cDNA sequences for transcripts of interest are immobilized on nylon membranes, which can be accomplished by use of dot blots or bidirectional agarose gel blotting and UV fixation of the DNA to the membranes. (wikipedia.org)
DNA microarrays operate by similar procedures to those used in the reverse northern blot, consisting of many DNA probes hybridized to a solid glass, plastic or silicon substrate which is probed with labeled RNA or cDNA. (wikipedia.org)
To identify the photoreceptive molecule that regulates photoperiodic responses, in the present study, we have cloned and characterized the cDNA encoding an opsin gene expressed in the ayu brain, a putative site of the photoreceptor for photoperiodism. (bioone.org)
3 Initial studies of animals not in labour using cDNA probes demonstrated transcripts of similar size to the human genes for prostanoid EP2, EP3, EP4, and FP receptor mRNA using Northern blot in myometrium. (gla.ac.uk)
Using cDNA microarray screens and northern blot analysis, a previous study showed that Beclin 1 is upregulated in liver cancer tissues ( 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

In comparison to the Northern blot, the reverse northern blot is able to probe a large number of transcripts at once with less specificity with regard to probes than is required for Northern blot. (wikipedia.org)
Northern blot is limited by its ability to only probe with one mRNA at a time, while q-PCR requires transcripts to be long enough to generate primers for the sequence and probes can be costly. (wikipedia.org)
4 When expression of prostanoid receptor genes was studied in myometrium obtained from animals both in labour and not in labour and the techniques employed were optimized (principally the use of riboprobes), transcripts of similar size to the human genes were detected for prostanoid EP1, EP2, EP3, EP4, IP, FP and TP receptor mRNA using Northern blot. (gla.ac.uk)
Involvement of the DegS-DegU system in the osmotic regulation was supported by the accumulation of mRNA transcripts from both genes when the cells were subjected to hypertonic conditions. (uni-marburg.de)
Expression of the canine gene transcripts and protein was analyzed by Northern and Western blotting and immunocytochemistry. (upenn.edu)
Asn1 , Ppo5 , PhL , R1 , and VInv ), which results in the reduced level of mRNA transcripts (and subsequently expressed proteins) for those same genes using the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway. (canada.ca)

RNA extraction is among the first steps in studying gene expression using a variety of different methods, including northern blotting, transcriptome analysis, and reverse transcription-PCR. (zymoresearch.com)
Scholars@Duke publication: Analysis of methylation-sensitive transcriptome identifies GADD45a as a frequently methylated gene in breast cancer. (duke.edu)

Southern and Northern blots and reverse-transcription PCR analyses indicate that the same rhodopsin gene is expressed in the retina and the brain but not in the pineal organ of ayu. (bioone.org)
aphA3) strains led to the identification of nine genes whose transcription was increased when the cell were subjected to high osmotic environment and concomitantly this expression was dependent on the availability of degS and degU gene products. (uni-marburg.de)
Output from the circadian clock is transduced through regulating transcription of downstream genes directly by the oscillator components. (go.jp)
Northern analysis detected the transcription of the 1.4kb TnAV-CP mRNA from 24h after infection. (psu.edu)
Binding sites for the nuclear factor (NF)-κB transcription factor have been identified within control regions of many genes involved in inflammatory and immune responses. (rupress.org)
Such κB sites are often found adjacent to those of interferon (IFN)-γ-inducible transcription factors, suggesting a requirement for multiple signaling pathways for gene regulation. (rupress.org)
Downregulation of AP-2 transcription factor genes is not required for lactogenic differentiation of HC11 cells but may functionally be involved in aspects of lactogenic differentiation in vivo that are not reflected by the HC11 system. (biomedcentral.com)
With the exception of late blight resistance, the other novel traits (i.e. reduced asparagine levels, lower levels of reducing sugars, and reduced black spot bruising) are achieved through the transcription of inverted repeat sequences containing small fragments of DNA from five different endogenous genes (i.e. (canada.ca)

Northern blot analysis showed that the gene is transcribed predominantly in brain as a transcript of 6.2 kb, with weak expression in several other tissues tested. (nih.gov)
Expression of genes was quantified by Northern analysis as a ratio of the signal for the gene of interest to each of three housekeeping genes (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [GAPDH], beta-actin and cyclophilin). (gla.ac.uk)
5 When expression of prostanoid receptor genes was studied in cervix obtained from animals both in labour and not in labour, clear signals which were similar in estimated size to the human genes were detected by Northern analysis for EP1, EP2, EP3, EP4, FP, IP and TP receptors. (gla.ac.uk)
Employing the DNA blot analysis only one COMT-encoding gene was found in the rat genome. (lu.se)
Northern blot analysis revealed that the Bcl-xL mRNA level increased gradually during the progression towards heart failure. (portlandpress.com)
Flow cytometric analysis and western blotting were used to detect apoptosis. (spandidos-publications.com)
Examination of the expression of several early marker genes of preadipocyte differentiation through Northern blot analysis and of differentiation-dependent mitosis showed that TCDD did not interfere with the earliest known responses of preadipocytes to inducers of differentiation. (aspetjournals.org)
This finding was confirmed for AP-2alpha and AP-2gamma using Northern analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
Further analysis of one of these genes, GADD45a, showed that 5-AzaC induced expression in five additional breast cancer cell lines with little or no induction in three additional lines derived from normal breast epithelial cells. (duke.edu)

In the tapetum, maximal expression of two marker genes for lipid biosynthesis (sad and ear) occurred at a bud length of 2-3 mm, and the corresponding gene products SAD and EAR were detected by Western blotting in 3-4 mm buds, coinciding with the maximal rates of tapetal lipid accumulation. (nih.gov)
In contrast, in developing microspores/pollen grains, maximal expression of the lipid marker genes sad, ear, acp and cyb5 was at the 3-5 mm bud stages, with the SAD and EAR gene products detected in 4-7 mm buds. (nih.gov)

Genes which saw particularly strong upregulation included genes for cell rescue and defense, cell metabolism and transcriptional regulation. (wikipedia.org)
In Bacillus subtilis the DegS-DegU two-component regulatory system controls various processes that characterize the transition form the exponential to the stationary growth phase, including the induction of extracellular degradative enzymes, expression of late competence genes and down regulation of the sigma D regulon, which encompasses the genes involved in motility, chemotaxis and autolysin production. (uni-marburg.de)
The rat HMGCS2 gene contains elements that control its multihormonal regulation and tissue specificity ( 11 - 14 ). (aacrjournals.org)
It is becoming clear that miRNAs play an important role in the regulation of gene expression during development. (nih.gov)

Reverse Northern blot, much like the northern blot upon which it is based, is used to determine levels of gene expression in particular tissues. (wikipedia.org)
The expression of prostanoid receptor genes in uterine and fetal tissues. (gla.ac.uk)
1. The aim of this project was to determine whether advancing gestational age and parturition were associated with alteration in the relative level of expression of genes encoding prostanoid receptors in key uterine and fetal tissues. (gla.ac.uk)
I also sought to determine whether advancing gestational age and parturition were associated with alteration in the expression of genes encoding lipoxygenase (LOX) enzymes in key intra-uterine tissues. (gla.ac.uk)
These results suggest that, although the same genes may be expressed in the sporophytic tapetal cells and in gametophytic tissues, they are regulated differentially leading to the production of the various contrasting lipidic structures that are assembled together to give rise to a viable, fertile pollen grain. (nih.gov)
HMGCS2 , the gene that regulates ketone body production, is expressed in liver and several extrahepatic tissues, such as the colon. (aacrjournals.org)
Hence, this study was conducted to examine the changes in PAL activity and gene expression patterns in relation to texture in the edible branchlet tissues during early postharvest handling. (scialert.net)
Finally, tissue-specific expression of the six mouse IGFBP genes was observed in adult tissues suggesting different roles or modes of actions in adult life. (eur.nl)

More than half of all human genes are alternatively spliced, so it is expected that alternative pre- mRNA splicing will be responsible for the identification of more than 90 percent of all human proteins. (genomicglossaries.com)
A gene, TnAV-CP, encoding the major structural protein of the Trichoplusia ni ascovirus 2a (TnAV-2a) was cloned by immunoscreening an expression library with antibodies against total TnAV virion proteins. (psu.edu)
The purified antibodies reacted strongly with a single protein of ∼52 kDa from the total TnAV virion proteins in a Western blot. (psu.edu)

This allows for significantly expanded gene expression profiling. (wikipedia.org)

The ENZO PATHO-GENE ® HPV screening probe employs a mixture of the HPV-specific probes that have been specificallly formulated to detect most HPV types that have been associated with anogenital papillomas. (enzolifesciences.com)

This is the first report of systematic miRNA gene profiling in cells of the hematopoietic system. (nih.gov)
MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small noncoding RNAs, preserved throughout the evolution, able to regulate gene expression through repression of translation or degradation of target molecules of messenger RNA. (bvsalud.org)
Thus, the function of miRNA may ultimately depend on the specific microenvironment of a particular cell type, which can provide different repertoire of target genes. (bvsalud.org)
A localização dos genes miRNA em sítios frágeis do genoma e as marcantes variações na expressão destas moléculas em diversas neoplasias provêm evidência circunstancial para a participação dos miRNAs na etiopatogênese tumoral 42 . (bvsalud.org)

As orthologous genes are commonly mutated in canine models of human blinding disorders, canine ABCA4 appears to be an ideal candidate gene to identify and study sequence changes in dogs affected by various forms of inherited retinal degeneration. (upenn.edu)

Endogenous antisense RNAs function as regulators of gene expression by a variety of mechanisms. (genomicglossaries.com)

Based on these findings, we propose that ketogenesis is an undesirable metabolic characteristic of the proliferating cell, which is down-regulated through c-Myc-mediated repression of the key metabolic gene HMGCS2 . (aacrjournals.org)
cAMP signaling factors regulate carbon catabolite repression of hemicellulase genes in Aspergillus nidulans . (megazyme.com)
Carbon catabolite repression (CCR) enables preferential utilization of easily metabolizable carbon sources, implying the presence of mechanisms to ensure discriminatory gene repression depending on the ambient carbon sources. (megazyme.com)
Expression of the β-xylanase genes in the presence of D-glucose was de-repressed in all the deletion mutants, with significantly higher tolerance against D-glucose repression in Δ pkaA and Δ ganB than in Δ creA . (megazyme.com)
Release from D-glucose repression of the β-mannanase genes was partial in the single deletants, while nearly full de-repression was observed in Δ creA Δ pkaA and Δ creA Δ ganB . (megazyme.com)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of recently discovered noncoding RNA genes that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression. (nih.gov)

As additional genome sequences become available for other pathogenic and free-living spirochetes, comparisons of their genomes may elucidate genes that are unique to those species of spirochetes associated with ticks. (cdc.gov)

In serotype 4b, gtcA appears to be the first member of a bicistronic operon which includes a gene with homology to Bacillus subtilis rpmE , encoding ribosomal protein L31. (asm.org)

Of these genes, 33 have associated CpG islands greater than 300 bp in length but only three have been previously described as targets for aberrant methylation in human cancer. (duke.edu)
Therefore, this simple method of dynamic transcriptional profiling yielded a series of novel methylation-sensitive genes in breast cancer including the BRCA1 and p53 responsive gene, GADD45a. (duke.edu)

By the late 1990s, we saw cDNAs arrayed on nitrocellulose, which allowed simultaneous quantification of expression for dozens to hundreds of genes. (utwente.nl)

In CaCo-2 colonic epithelial cells, the expression of this gene increases with cell differentiation. (aacrjournals.org)
Secretory epithelial cells display lactogenic differentiation which is characterized by the expression of milk protein genes, such as beta-casein or whey acidic protein (WAP). (biomedcentral.com)
The lactogenic differentiation of the secretory epithelial cells is characterized by the synthesis of lactose and milk fat and by the expression of milk protein genes, such as beta-casein or whey acidic protein (WAP). (biomedcentral.com)

A reverse northern blot can be used to profile expression levels of particular sets of RNA sequences in a tissue or to determine presence of a particular RNA sequence in a sample. (wikipedia.org)
Two disease-specific sequence alterations were identified in the canine VMD2 gene: a C73T stop mutation in cmr1 and a G482A missense mutation in cmr2. (upenn.edu)
Highly specific and effective gene silencing of any disease can be achieved by an accurate knowledge of the target mRNA sequence and rational design of its complementary antisense agents for the downregulation of its protein message. (genomicglossaries.com)
The N-terminal sequence, 23 residues long, was used to design a gene-specific primer. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Our results show that the GLABR gene is responsible for robust hair growth in Wookiees, and that inactivation of this gene results in reduced androgenic hair growth or hairless phenotype. (ubc.ca)

There were no gestational age related changes in expression of these genes. (gla.ac.uk)
6 When expression of prostanoid receptor genes was studied in decidua and chorion obtained from animals both in labour and not in labour, expression of the genes encoding the EP1 and FP receptor in decidua and the EP4 receptor in chorion was lower with advancing gestational age. (gla.ac.uk)
Northern blotting revealed that mIGFBP-2, -3, -4 and -5 genes are already expressed at gestational day 11.5, suggesting a role for these mIGFBPs in embryonal development. (eur.nl)

This paper reports on the kinetics of accumulation of these lipid classes during pollen maturation and the expression patterns of several lipid biosynthetic genes and their protein products that are differentially regulated in developing microspores/ pollen grains (gametophyte) and tapetal cells (sporophyte) of B. napus. (nih.gov)

It is a variant of the northern blot in which the nucleic acid immobilized on a membrane is a collection of isolated DNA fragments rather than RNA, and the probe is RNA extracted from a tissue and radioactively labelled. (wikipedia.org)

Synthetic antisense RNAs are used to effect the functioning of specific genes for investigative or therapeutic purposes. (genomicglossaries.com)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) são pequenos RNAs não-codantes, conservados ao longo da evolução, capazes de regular a expressão de genes em nível pós-transcricional através da degradação ou repressão da tradução de moléculas-alvo de RNA mensageiro (RNAm) 9 . (bvsalud.org)
Como os miRNAs podem regular mais de um RNAm-alvo 33 , estima-se que estes pequenos RNAs controlem a expressão de aproximadamente 30% dos genes que codificam proteínas 23 . (bvsalud.org)

High- fidelity mRNA amplification for gene profiling. (genomicglossaries.com)

They share a conserved structure and control gene expression by binding to the respective promoters as homo- or heterodimers. (biomedcentral.com)

Although DNA Microarrays and newer next-generation techniques have generally supplanted reverse northern blotting, it is still utilized today and provides a relatively cheap and easy means of defining expression of large sets of genes. (wikipedia.org)
Therefore, reverse northern has been used as one means of confirming hits from DD-PCR, or sequences with altered expression levels. (wikipedia.org)
Reverse northern blotting was used in a 2013 study in Gene in which the author identified a number of genes responsible for early cold-resistance response in the cold-hardy citrus fruit Poncirus trifoliata. (wikipedia.org)

The factors responsible for the postnatal and starvation-associated induction of HMGCS2 gene expression have been identified and shown to involve changes in circulating hormone and fatty acid levels. (aacrjournals.org)

presents an opportunity to manipulate gene expression within the cells to treat various diseases, and acts as a powerful tool for studying gene function utilizing antisense agents to manage the diseases by regulating the expression of the specific factor that actually causes the particular disease. (genomicglossaries.com)
By regulating the expression of several genes in host liver cells, NS5A also induces cellular proliferation, and influences the curative effect of interferon ( 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Liu et al ( 13 ) reported that Beclin 1 gene deletion by either RNA interference or the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (MA) significantly enhances melatonin-induced apoptosis in mouse hepatoma H22 cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
Using RT-PCR we could not detect a downregulation of any of these genes during the lactogenic differentiation of HC11 cells in vitro. (biomedcentral.com)
Differentiating HC11 cells displayed lower expression levels of milk protein genes than mammary glands of mid-pregnant or lactating mice. (biomedcentral.com)
Comparing gene expression profiles of these two lines after 5-AzaC treatment, we identified 36 genes that had relatively low basal levels in MDAMB468 cells compared to the DU99 line and were induced in the cancer cell line but not in the normal breast epithelial line. (duke.edu)

A biological process that is crucial for gene expression in most animal life, including humans. (genomicglossaries.com)
We present evidence for the de novo origin of the Wookiee wookiee protein-coding gene GLABR since their divergence from humans. (ubc.ca)

Northern blot experiments performed together with reporter-gene fusion studies confirmed that both degS and degU genes are transcribed together as an operon. (uni-marburg.de)

Using fibroblasts from RelA (p65)-deficient mice generated by gene targeting, we have investigated the role of this subunit of NF-κB in gene activation by microbial lipopolysaccharide, tumor necrosis factor α, and in possible synergism with the IFN-γ-signaling pathway. (rupress.org)
To investigate the effects of loss of β1 function in vivo , we have used gene-targeting methods to produce β1(-/-) mice, and we have analyzed their neuronal phenotypes. (jneurosci.org)

Beclin l, the mammalian counterpart of the yeast Atg6 gene, is an essential protein in autophagy ( 10 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Moreover, it seems that the DegS-DegU system does not sense the osmolarity per se since the addition of the potent osmoprotectant glycine betaine did not exhibit any influence and the corresponding structural genes were still induced. (uni-marburg.de)

Here we show, however, that RNA polymerase II (Pol II) inside human nucleoli operates near genes encoding rRNAs to drive their expression. (nature.com)

In addition, Beclin 1 gene deletion results in tumor cell apoptosis, specifically in hypoxic regions ( 12 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Expression of EP1, EP3 and IP receptor mRNA was significantly higher in myometrium from the fundus (compared with lower segment) whereas EP2 gene expression was significantly lower in the fundus. (gla.ac.uk)
However, the size of the gene and lack of haplotype assignment significantly limit targeted association and/or linkage approaches. (upenn.edu)

Among the HPV types detected with the PATHO-GENE ® HPV screening probe are those commonly associated with benign lesions presenting as condylomas and mild dysplasia, as well as types commonly associated with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and carcinoma in situ (CIS). (enzolifesciences.com)

Our results indicate not only that RelA is required for activation of key genes involved in adaptive (acquired) immune responses, including major histocompatibility complex class I, CD40, and the Fas death receptor, but also that both NF-κB-inducing signals and IFN-γ are necessary for maximal activation. (rupress.org)

The authors propose these two spontaneous mutations in the canine VMD2 gene, which cause cmr, as the first naturally occurring animal model of BMD. (upenn.edu)
A new mutation has been reported, making a total of 15 different mutations that can cause premature stop codons in the alpha-L-iduronidase gene (IDUA), and the biochemistry of these mutations has been investigated. (medscape.com)

However, we recently learned that this disruption library contains within the T-DNA an AP3 gene and, as a consequence, approximately 15% of the lines show lethality. (purdue.edu)
We decided not to use these lines because of our inability to determine whether a rat phenotype would be caused by the T-DNA disruption or a combination of the disruption and the effects of the AP3 gene. (purdue.edu)

In contrast to gtcA , the latter gene appears conserved among all screened serotypes of L. monocytogenes . (asm.org)
In contrast, neutrophil-specific chemokine genes KC and MIP-2, which can function as nonspecific mediators in innate immune responses, were strongly induced by RelA in the absence of IFN-γ. (rupress.org)

1. Identification and characterization of Arabidopsis rat mutants and molecular cloning of RAT genes (Gelvin, Citovsky, Hohn, and Ziemienowicz laboratories, with help from undergraduate students at Tuskegee University). (purdue.edu)

These included Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase activase, which regulates the photosynthetic enzyme RuBisCO, GAPDH, which is involved in glycolysis and oxidative stress response, as well as cell division control protein CDC91 and the NBS-LLR disease resistance gene. (wikipedia.org)

The PATHO-GENE ® HPV screening probe detects but does not distinguish among HPV types that have shown to be associated with sexually transmitted papillomavirus. (enzolifesciences.com)

A 3.8 kb BamHI fragment containing the complete TnAV-CP gene was cloned and sequenced. (psu.edu)

While northern blot or q-PCR are often used to confirm results, both techniques have drawbacks. (wikipedia.org)
These results indicate that the rhodospin gene is expressed in the retina and brain and mediates not only visual but also nonvisual functions such as photoperiodism and entrainment of the circadian clock. (bioone.org)
Northern blotting for five of these genes (alpha-Catenin, DTR, FYN, GADD45a, and Zyxin) verified the array results. (duke.edu)

Chemicals and Drugs1

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment2

Phenomena and Processes3

Information Science2

Hybridization8

Genomic3

CDNA6

Transcripts6

Transcriptome2

Transcription8

Analysis9

Marker genes2

Regulation4

Tissues8

Proteins3

Expanded gene expression1

Probes1

MiRNA4

Orthologous1

Endogenous1

Repression5

Regulate1

Genome1

Ribosomal1

Methylation2

Quantification1

Epithelial cells3

Sequence4

Inactivation1

Gestational3

Patterns1

Tissue1

RNAs3

Amplification1

Promoters1

Reverse3

Induction1

Cells6

Humans2

Operon1

Mice2

Yeast1

Structural1

Polymerase1

Tumor1

Significantly2

Commonly1

Maximal1

Mutations2

Disruption2

Contrast2

Molecular1

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Probe1

Fragment1

Results3