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Anopheles gambiaeAnophelesInsecticide ResistanceInsect VectorsInsecticidesMosquito ControlInsect ProteinsPyrethrinsMalariaDDTEntomologyDisease VectorsPermethrinInsect Bites and StingsLarvaBeninGenes, InsectKenyaMaliCulicidaeGenome, InsectPlasmodiumInsect RepellentsPlasmodium bergheiBurkina FasoCameroonHost-Parasite InteractionsPhenylcarbamatesFenitrothionPlasmodium falciparumCulexFeeding BehaviorAfrica, WesternOocystsInsecticide-Treated BednetsPopulation DensityOvipositionAedesBeauveriaChromosome InversionDEETReceptors, OdorantSenegalAfricaChromosomes, InsectSeasonsDieldrinEquatorial GuineaEcosystemDigestive SystemGuineaSporozoitesMalaria, FalciparumMetarhiziumMolecular Sequence DataSpecies SpecificityCote d'IvoirePhylogenyTanzaniaSalivary Proteins and PeptidesSalivary GlandsMosquito NetsPest Control, BiologicalBiological AssayInseminationRainGeographyBedding and LinensPropoxurNitrilesAllethrinAcetylcholinesteraseLaunderingHemolymphArthropod AntennaePopulation DynamicsPupaPlasmodium cynomolgiSequence Analysis, DNAAngolaHemocytesEvolution, MolecularLife Cycle StagesDrosophila melanogasterHousingPolymerase Chain ReactionOdorsGhanaAmino Acid SequenceEcologySexual Behavior, AnimalCarbamatesGambiaDefensinsGenomeSuregadaHumidityCecropinsMicrosatellite RepeatsBurundi
MosquitoesPlasmodiumGenomeColuzziiPESTPopulationsVectorsSensu latoDrosophilaAgaPPreviously associated with insecticide resistanceChromosomeInsecticideAfricaEntrez Gene IDDetoxification genesSequencesAedesGeneticTransmitMutationsCytochromeResistanceSequenceProteinsArabiensisOrganismsTranscriptionFunestusInsectPyrethroid-resistantInsectsMidgutLarvalCRISPRProteinGeneticallyMolecularFemalesResearchersRNAiVariationMalesExpressionSubsetPestsStrainParasitesMalaria parasiteMapping
Mosquitoes42
  • Mosquitoes, gene ( Ace-1R ), the target site of organophosphates and carbamates ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
  • We tested Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes from Côte d'Ivoire for resistance and screened a subset The Study for target site mutations. (cdc.gov)
  • The Anopheles gambiae complex consists of at least seven morphologically indistinguishable species of mosquitoes in the genus Anopheles. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nanos (nos) genes of the vector mosquitoes, Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles stephensi and Aedes aegypti. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Modified transposons whose mobilization is controlled by the DNA elements of developmentally regulated genes offer a potential solution for introducing effector genes into mosquitoes. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Malaria cases and deaths are once more on the rise 4 owing to several factors including widespread insecticide resistance in Anopheles mosquitoes, which are the only vectors for human malaria parasites. (nature.com)
  • To predict Anopheles drivers of malaria transmission, such as mosquito age, blood feeding and Plasmodium infection, we evaluated artificial neural networks (ANNs) coupled to matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) and analysed the impact on the proteome of laboratory-reared Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes. (nature.com)
  • The enclosures, each occupying 150 cubic metres, simulate the muggy habitats in which Africa's Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes thrive. (bioedonline.org)
  • Organisms altered by gene drives, including mosquitoes, have shown promise in proof-of-concept laboratory experiments. (bioedonline.org)
  • In late 2015, researchers reported a CRISPR gene drive that caused an infertility mutation in female mosquitoes to be passed on to all their offspring. (bioedonline.org)
  • Lab experiments showed that the mutation increased in frequency as expected over several generations, but resistance to the gene drive also emerged, preventing some mosquitoes from inheriting the modified genome. (bioedonline.org)
  • The Target Malaria team has developed a second generation of gene-drive mosquitoes, hoping to slow the development of resistance, says Andrea Crisanti, a molecular parasitologist at Imperial College London. (bioedonline.org)
  • gene expression microarray analysis was carried out on female mosquitoes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Anopheles mosquitoes, which transmit the malaria parasite by their bite are present almost throughout the world. (sciencedaily.com)
  • New research suggests that the Seychelles have been spared because anopheles mosquitoes require the blood of terrestrial mammals which, apart from bats, are lacking. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The release is intended to test the infrastructure and systems for future releases of "gene drive" mosquitoes. (cban.ca)
  • However, the most advanced research so far is in insects, specifically in gene drive systems that would alter genes to prevent mosquitoes from reproducing effectively, thus reducing the size of particular mosquito populations. (cban.ca)
  • The research group Target Malaria (see below), funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation among others, aims to use gene drive mosquitoes to reduce the population of Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes, which transmit the parasite that causes malaria. (cban.ca)
  • The research group Target Malaria aims to use gene drive mosquitoes to reduce the population of Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes, which can transmit the parasite that causes malaria. (cban.ca)
  • Target Malaria has begun releasing GM "male-sterile" mosquitoes in Burkina Faso , West Africa, for training purposes and to test the infrastructure they would use to release gene-drive mosquitoes in the future. (cban.ca)
  • These "test" GM (not gene drive) mosquitoes will not offer any benefits for malaria control in Burkina Faso. (cban.ca)
  • Anopheles mosquitoes are responsible for transmitting human malaria parasites that cause an estimated 200 million cases and more than 600 thousand deaths each year. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Two papers published in today's (Nov. 27) editions of Science Express, an electronic publication of the journal Science in advance of print, describe detailed genomic comparisons of these mosquitoes and the deadliest of them all, Anopheles gambiae . (sciencedaily.com)
  • Malaria parasites are transmitted to humans by only a few dozen of the many hundreds of species of Anopheles mosquitoes, and of these, only a handful are highly efficient disease-vectors. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Such genes exist in nature and have been artificially created for Anopheles gambiae the number one malaria vector (they are mentioned a bit disrespectfully in this article about a different approach to using genetic engineering of mosquitoes to eliminate malaria) . (angrybearblog.com)
  • The non-profit research group Target Malaria has published a first-of-its-kind study of the potential risks of releasing gene drive transgenic mosquitoes aimed at combating the transmission of malaria in Africa. (allianceforscience.org)
  • The new Target Malaria paper takes a "problem formulation" approach to evaluate and assess 46 different plausible risks that might arise to human health or the environment via the release of gene drive transgenic mosquitoes. (allianceforscience.org)
  • According to the researchers, the exercise revealed that in many cases the more the mosquito population is reduced by gene drive mosquitoes, the less likely potential harms are to be realized. (allianceforscience.org)
  • The paper envisages the release of gene drive-carrying transgenic individuals of the malaria vector species Anopheles gambiae , one of the main disease-carrying mosquitoes in West Africa. (allianceforscience.org)
  • If gene drive transgenic mosquitoes were released in Africa, it is hypothesized that the resulting suppression of wild mosquito populations would reduce the transmission of malaria and save many human lives. (allianceforscience.org)
  • To our knowledge, our paper represents the first systemic and comprehensive identification of the potential harms that gene drive mosquitoes could have on the environment and on human health, should they be released," Dr. John Connolly, regulatory science officer at Target Malaria wrote . (allianceforscience.org)
  • The male mosquitoes were engineered with a sequence of DNA known as a "gene drive" that can rapidly transmit a deleterious mutation that essentially wipes out populations of the insects. (kbbi.org)
  • The modification consisted of a mutation in a gene known as "doublesex," which female mosquitoes need for normal development. (kbbi.org)
  • The mutation is combined with a gene drive, "effectively a selfish type of genetic element that spreads itself in the mosquito population," said Tony Nolan of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, who helped develop and test the mosquitoes. (kbbi.org)
  • To try to test the mosquitoes safely under more natural conditions, the researchers built a special high-security lab in Italy designed to keep their gene-drive mosquitoes from escaping. (kbbi.org)
  • The researchers then released dozens of the gene-drive mosquitoes into special large cages containing hundreds of natural mosquitoes . (kbbi.org)
  • The gene-drive mosquitoes decimated the natural mosquito populations in less than a year, the study authors reported. (kbbi.org)
  • In my opinion, the use of gene-drive mosquitoes are going to be effective against the spread of malaria or other vector-borne diseases," said Jeantine Lunshof , a bioethicist at the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University. (kbbi.org)
  • The idea of gene-drive mosquitoes is something that is very disturbing to me and to many of the people I speak to," said Nnimmo Bassey , who heads the Health of Mother Earth Foundation in Nigeria, an environmental advocacy group. (kbbi.org)
  • Dual effector population modification gene-drive strains of the African malaria mosquitoes, Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii . (bvsalud.org)
  • Effective Oral RNA Interference (RNAi) Administration to Adult Anopheles gambiae Mosquitoes. (cdc.gov)
  • E anophelis , a gram-negative bacteria, has been isolated from Anopheles mosquitoes and has been known to cause respiratory tract illness in humans. (medscape.com)
Plasmodium8
  • Anopheles gambiae has been shown to change its global gene expression patterns upon Plasmodium infection. (unl.pt)
  • Notably, 3D20E transfer also induces expression of a reproductive gene that preserves egg development during Plasmodium infection, ensuring fitness of infected females. (nature.com)
  • Mosquito species that belong to the genus Anopheles have the capacity to transmit parasites such as Plasmodium species, which are the agents of malaria. (nature.com)
  • Here, we asked whether inactivation of the UDP-galactose:β-galactoside-α1-3-galactosyltransferase (α1,3GT) gene, which ablated the expression of the Galα1-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc-R (α-gal) glycan and allowed for the production of anti-α-gal antibodies (Abs) in humans, confers protection against Plasmodium spp. (unl.pt)
  • The interplay between tubulins and P450 cytochromes during Plasmodium berghei invasion of Anopheles gambiae midgut. (unl.pt)
  • Plasmodium infection increases the oxidative stress inside the mosquito, leading to a significant alteration on transcription of Anopheles gambiae detoxification genes. (unl.pt)
  • All these factors are relevant in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) which is characterized by high transmission (i.e. more than 1 case per 1000 population per year) of Plasmodium falciparum by the highly efficient vectors, Anopheles funestus , Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii [ 3 , 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The introduced genes are for monoclonal antibodies which will attack the Plasmodium. (theness.com)
Genome12
  • In 2015, researchers reported that they had used components of the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system to edit genes so that they could propagate in a "Super-Mendelian" fashion. (elifesciences.org)
  • including the two researchers involved in the 2015 work - have used a new active genetic element called a CopyCat element and more traditional genome editing to analyze the control of a gene that coordinates the formation of a simple structure in a fruit fly - a vein in the wing. (elifesciences.org)
  • used genome editing to make mutations in a stretch of DNA that regulates the gene involved in wing vein formation. (elifesciences.org)
  • New findings do not support a recent analysis of the rough draft of the human genome that suggests that bacterial genes have been laterally transferred into the human genome. (jcvi.org)
  • Five years ago, Frank Collins, Notre Dame's Clark Professor of Biology, was the principal investigator of the team of international researchers that mapped the genome of Anopheles gambiae , the primary transmitter of malaria. (nd.edu)
  • Much of our understanding of many such processes derives from the sequencing of the Anopheles gambiae genome in 2002, which was led by Notre Dame researchers and which has since facilitated many large-scale functional studies that have offered numerous insights into how this mosquito became highly specialized in order to live amongst and feed upon humans. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Until now, the lack of such genomic resources for other Anopheles limited comparisons to small-scale studies of individual genes with no genome-wide data to investigate key attributes that impact the mosquito's ability to transmit parasites. (sciencedaily.com)
  • With genome sequencing complete, scientists from around the world contributed their expertise to examine genes involved in different aspects of mosquito biology including reproductive processes, immune responses, insecticide resistance, and chemosensory mechanisms. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The result of Southern blot indicated that there isonly one C23O gene in the genome of C-14-1. (researchgate.net)
  • The Bmuccr gene covers a 1.4 kb genome region and contains 3exons. (researchgate.net)
  • Here, we report that the recently sequenced genome from the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum contains a gene coding for an oxytocin/vasopressin-like peptide, identical to the locust peptide, which we named inotocin (for insect oxytocin/vasopressin-like peptide) and a gene coding for an inotocin G protein-coupled. (lu.se)
  • The inotocin/receptor couple can also be found in the recently sequenced genome from the parasitic wasp Nasonia vitripennis but not in any other holometabolous insect with a completely sequenced genome (12 Drosophila species, the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae, the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti, the silk worm Bombyx mori, and the honey bee Apis mellifera), suggesting that this neuropeptide system is confined to basal holometabolous insects. (lu.se)
Coluzzii2
  • Anopheles coluzzii Anopheles amharicus The individual species of the complex are morphologically difficult to distinguish from each other, although it is possible for larvae and adult females. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the case of malaria, the idea is to change the three species of mosquito most responsible for its transmission - Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles coluzzii, and Anopheles arabiensis - so that all their offspring would be male, effectively leading to the species' extinction. (vox.com)
PEST3
  • Gene drives are being proposed for pest and disease control in agriculture. (cban.ca)
  • ETC Group analysis ( 2018) of two key patents on gene drives show that they each reference around 500-600 agricultural uses including brand names of 186 herbicides, 46 pesticides, 310 agricultural pest insects, nematodes, mites, moths and others. (cban.ca)
  • This potential pest management method could be easily adapted to target different genes or similar organisms. (cdc.gov)
Populations8
  • A number of genetics-based strategies for the control of vector-borne diseases require the development of genetic drive systems for introgressing antipathogen effector genes into wild populations of insects. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In addition, the increase in insecticide resistance among Anopheles mosquito populations worldwide is of considerable concern 3 . (nature.com)
  • Gene flow among Anopheles albimanus populations in Central America, South America, and the Caribbean assessed by microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA. (ajtmh.org)
  • Gene drives could result in the genetic isolation - in which populations do not mate with each other - of groups that manage to avoid inheriting the modified genetic code, he and his colleagues found. (bioedonline.org)
  • And gene variants that decrease a population's propensity to mingle with other populations - such as those that limit flight capacity in insects - would suddenly prove beneficial and could spread. (bioedonline.org)
  • The latest research sounds the most promising to me - using CRISPR-Cas9 gene drive to spread malaria resistance to the mosquito populations . (theness.com)
  • In 2018 researchers at Imperial College in London published a report in the journal Nature Biotechnology showing that the team's gene drive technology was 100 percent effective in suppressing populations of Anopheles gambiae in a caged experiment. (allianceforscience.org)
  • Echantillonnage des populations de glossines en secteur guinéen de Côte d' Ivoire : essais de pièges, contribution à la lutte / par Dagnogo Mamadou. (who.int)
Vectors3
Sensu lato2
Drosophila5
  • gambiae s.s. based upon conserved sequences to miRNA found in Drosophila. (wikipedia.org)
  • The os-d-like genes from the Anopheles gambiae, Apis mellifera, Drosophila melanogaster, and Drosophila pseudoobscura genomes typically have single, small introns with a conserved splice site. (gc.ca)
  • In agriculture, applications are being discussed to alter genes so that agricultural pests such as a type of fruit fly (spotted wing drosophila) and pigweed ( Palmer amaranth ) do not reproduce effectively, in order to make them ultimately go extinct. (cban.ca)
  • Apple R.T., Fristrom J.W. (1991) 20-hydroxyecdys-one is required for, and negatively regulates, transcription of Drosophila pupal cuticle protein genes, Dev. (apidologie.org)
  • Charles J.-P., Chihara C., Nejad S., Riddiford L.M. (1998) Identification of proteins and developmental expression of RNAs encoded by the 65A cuticle protein gene cluster in Drosophila melanogaster , Insect Biochem. (apidologie.org)
AgaP1
Previously associated with insecticide resistance1
  • While most gene expression changes were tissue-related, CYP6M2, a CYP previously associated with insecticide resistance, was over-expressed both in the midgut and fat body during ookinete invasion. (unl.pt)
Chromosome3
  • An adult-specific cytochrome P450 monooxygenase 6 (CYP6) P450 gene, CYP6Z1, located within a large cluster of cytochrome P450 genes in chromosome arm 3R of An. (lstmed.ac.uk)
  • But interest in gene drives has surged with the advent of CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing, which can be used to copy a mutation from one chromosome into another. (bioedonline.org)
  • FDY originated 2 million years ago from a duplication of a contiguous autosomal segment of 11 kb containing five genes that inserted into the Y chromosome. (speakerdeck.com)
Insecticide3
Africa5
Entrez Gene ID1
Detoxification genes2
  • Interestingly, many detoxification genes including a large number of P450s were down-regulated at this stage. (unl.pt)
  • Among these detoxification genes several P450 cytochromes and tubulins were differently expressed, suggesting their involvement in the mosquito's response to parasite invasion. (unl.pt)
Sequences5
  • These features make nos genes promising candidates for donating control sequences to modified transposons. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The following Apod gene cDNA ORF clone sequences were retrieved from the NCBI Reference Sequence Database (RefSeq). (genscript.com)
  • Analysis of ITS2 DNA sequences from Brazilian Anopheles darlingi (Diptera: Culicidae). (ajtmh.org)
  • CRISPR-based gene drives work by recognizing short genetic sequences, and individuals with differences at these sites would be immune to the drive. (bioedonline.org)
  • Four of these autosome-to-Y gene copies became inactivated ("pseudogenes"), lost part of their sequences, and most likely will disappear in the next few million years. (speakerdeck.com)
Aedes2
  • The Lethal(2)-Essential-for-Life [ L(2)EFL ] Gene Family Modulates Dengue Virus Infection in Aedes aegypti . (bvsalud.org)
  • Characterization of horizontally acquired ribotoxin encoding genes and their transcripts in Aedes aegypti. (cdc.gov)
Genetic8
  • By studying the insects under more-natural conditions, scientists hope to better understand how to eradicate them - and malaria - using an emerging genetic-engineering technology called gene drives. (bioedonline.org)
  • The team found extreme genetic diversity, which would limit the list of potential gene-drive targets, the researchers say. (bioedonline.org)
  • By surveying a species' natural genetic diversity, researchers could target genes common to all individuals. (bioedonline.org)
  • Gene drives allow humans to change the genetic makeup of a species by changing the DNA of a few individuals that then spread the modification throughout an entire population. (vox.com)
  • The release of gene drive organisms is designed to alter the genetic make-up of an entire wild population, or to eradicate a population or species. (cban.ca)
  • Once released, gene drive organisms cannot be recalled, and the changes they create in the genetic make-up of the population are most likely irreversible. (cban.ca)
  • Contemporary genetic biocontrol research and development, including gene drive, is a culmination of work beginning in the early 20th century. (geneconvenevi.org)
  • This work highlights the variable cell architecture of larval Anopheles gambiae SGs and provides candidate targets for genetic strategies aiming to disrupt SGs and transmission of mosquito-borne pathogens. (cdc.gov)
Transmit1
  • Variation in the ability of different Anopheles species to transmit malaria -- known as "vectorial capacity" -- are determined by many factors, including feeding and breeding preferences, as well as their immune responses to infections. (sciencedaily.com)
Mutations2
  • The target site mutation G119S in the Ace-1 gene ( Ace-1R ) resistance management strategies must reduce the current and L1014F and L1014S kdr mutations were screened by overreliance on pyrethroids. (cdc.gov)
  • The effects of these mutations unexpectedly suggested that pairs of chromosomes might be interacting to control the activity of this gene. (elifesciences.org)
Cytochrome1
  • gambiae cDNAs encoding cytochrome b(5) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (reduced form) (NADPH)-cytochrome P450 reductase cDNAs is also reported. (lstmed.ac.uk)
Resistance4
  • Resistance to gene drives is unavoidable, so researchers are hoping that they can blunt the effects long enough to spread a desired mutation throughout a population. (bioedonline.org)
  • Some have floated the idea of creating gene drives that target multiple genes, or several sites within the same gene, diminishing the speed with which resistance would develop. (bioedonline.org)
  • Another approach is to spread genes which counter resistance to pesticides. (theness.com)
  • The gene CPLCG5 encodes a cuticle protein that plays an important role in pyrethroid resistance. (biomedcentral.com)
Sequence6
  • A single transcript chosen for a gene which is the most conserved, most highly expressed, has the longest coding sequence and is represented in other key resources, such as NCBI and UniProt. (ensembl.org)
  • This can result in a sequence that the CRISPR gene-drive system no longer recognizes, halting the spread of the modified code. (bioedonline.org)
  • This just requires a gene activated only in spermatocytes which cuts the female chromasome (that is cuts DNA with a sequence found only on the female chromasome). (angrybearblog.com)
  • If the X chromasome contains the ribosomal RNA gene and the sex ratio disruptor cuts a suquence which must stick to another sequence, then the X prottecting mutation might not occur before the species is extinct. (angrybearblog.com)
  • If the gene we want to spread is inserted in that sequence, then it spreads (sortof like a benign virus). (angrybearblog.com)
  • according to morphological, physiological and its 16S rRNA gene sequence. (researchgate.net)
Proteins3
  • gambiae codes for spindle and kinetochore-associated proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cloning of cDNAs for cellular proteins that bind to the retinoblastoma gene product. (wikigenes.org)
  • The present study has identified many potential immune-related genes in A. mylitta some of which are vertebrate homologues and others are hitherto unreported putative defence proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
Arabiensis1
Organisms6
  • Gene drives thwart the rules of inheritance in sexually reproducing organisms. (bioedonline.org)
  • Just as antibiotics enable the rise of drug-resistant bacteria, population-suppressing gene drives create the ideal conditions for resistant organisms to flourish. (bioedonline.org)
  • These include providing new ways to explore how genes control the formation and activity of different organisms. (elifesciences.org)
  • Unlike GMOs that have thus far been engineered for confined use in agricultural production, gene drive organisms are expressly designed for intentional release into the wild . (cban.ca)
  • Releasing gene drive organisms can therefore be understood as a form of ecosystem engineering . (cban.ca)
  • So organisms have two copies of each gene (each copy is called an allele). (theness.com)
Transcription2
  • Hybridizations in situ show that the transcription products of the nanos orthologous genes of Anopheles gambiae (Anga nos), An. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Use of this method to target doublesex (a gene involved in sex differentiation) or fork head (which encodes a salivary gland transcription factor) resulted in reduced target gene expression and/or protein immunofluorescence signal, as measured by quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR) or fluorescence confocal microscopy, respectively. (cdc.gov)
Funestus2
  • Population structure of the malaria vector Anopheles funestus in Senegal based on microsatellite and cytogenetic data. (ajtmh.org)
  • A study showed that pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles funestus females were more likely to have thicker cuticles than susceptible females, and females generally had thicker cuticles than males [ 18 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Insect9
  • Analysis of the insect os-d-like gene family. (gc.ca)
  • Several genes were present as members of gene families, as has also been observed in other insect species. (biomedcentral.com)
  • With reference to insect immunity, the ESTs have been obtained from baculovirus-infected B. mori cultured cells and pupae, but no large scale information on bacteria-induced immune genes is as yet available. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Binger L.C., Willis J.H. (1994) Identification of the cDNA, gene and promoter for a major protein from flexible cuticles of the giant silkmoth Hyalophora cecropia , Insect Biochem. (apidologie.org)
  • Dotson E.M., Cornel A.J., Willis J.H., Collins F.H. (1998) A family of pupal-specific cuticular protein genes in the mosquito Anopheles gambiae , Insect Biochem. (apidologie.org)
  • Lampe D.J., Willis J.H. (1994) Characterization of a cDNA and gene encoding a cuticular protein from rigid cuticles of the giant silkmoth, Hyalophora cecropia , Insect Biochem. (apidologie.org)
  • Rebers J.E., Niu J., Riddiford L.M. (1997) Structure and spatial expression of the Manduca sexta MSCP14.6 cuticle gene, Insect Biochem. (apidologie.org)
  • This highly flexible, user-friendly, low-cost, time-efficient method of dsRNA delivery could be broadly applicable to target genes important for insect vector physiology and beyond. (cdc.gov)
  • For at least a decade now, different insect control strategies that induce RNAi by delivering double stranded RNA (dsRNA) targeting essential genes have been proposed. (cdc.gov)
Pyrethroid-resistant1
  • gambiae, is expressed approximately 11-fold higher in males and 4.5-fold in females from a pyrethroid-resistant strain than in a susceptible strain from the same geographical area. (lstmed.ac.uk)
Insects1
  • The researchers carried out interspecies gene comparisons with the Anopheles and other insects, to identify equivalent genes in each species and highlight potentially important differences. (sciencedaily.com)
Midgut1
  • The greatest changes in gene expression were observed in the midgut in response to ookinete invasion. (unl.pt)
Larval5
  • Hiruma K., Hardie J., Riddiford L.M. (1991) Hormonal regulation of epidermal metamorphosis in vitro: control of expression of a larval-specific cuticle gene, Dev. (apidologie.org)
  • Izumi S., Tomino S. (1994) Structure and developmental expression of a larval cuticle protein gene of the silkworm, Bombyx mori , Biochim. (apidologie.org)
  • Diverse cellular morphologies during lumen maturation in Anopheles gambiae larval salivary glands. (cdc.gov)
  • We sought to better understand larval SG architecture, secretion, and gene expression. (cdc.gov)
  • Meta-analysis of microarray data showed that larval SG gene expression is divergent from adult SGs, more similar to larval gastric cecae, but different from other larval gut compartments. (cdc.gov)
CRISPR10
  • Esvelt is a biologist at MIT and the first person to formulate a technology known as a CRISPR gene drive, a gene editing application that represents humanity's single best chance to eradicate malaria. (vox.com)
  • And now, with CRISPR gene drives, we have the potential to wipe it out globally and save millions of lives. (vox.com)
  • CRISPR is a tool developed in the past decade that has made it dramatically easier to make precise edits to the genes of everything from viruses and bacteria to mosquitos and humans. (vox.com)
  • CRISPR gene drives combine the gene drive idea with the CRISPR gene editing technique. (vox.com)
  • I asked Ethan Bier, a professor at UC San Diego and one of the first people to help build an actual working CRISPR gene drive, how soon a drive targeting malaria could be released, as a scientific matter. (vox.com)
  • Esvelt knows that the CRISPR gene drive is a tool of overwhelming power. (vox.com)
  • A CRISPR gene drive is a technology that could end malaria. (vox.com)
  • There are naturally occurring gene drives, but we're going to focus on the latest synthetic gene drive, which involves CRISPR . (theness.com)
  • As a reminder, CRISPR is the latest technique for altering or inserting genes into DNA. (theness.com)
  • Some recent gene drive systems incorporate CRISPR. (theness.com)
Protein4
  • 2006 locate AgSka1, the spindle and kinetochore-associated protein 1 gene, at EAL39257. (wikipedia.org)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is a component of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), but is unique in that it shares greater structural similarity to lipocalin than to other members of the apolipoprotein family, and has a wider tissue expression pattern. (genscript.com)
  • The encoded protein is involved in lipid metabolism, and ablation of this gene results in defects in triglyceride metabolism. (genscript.com)
  • Nakato H., Izumi S., Tomino S. (1992) Structure and expression of gene coding for a pupal cuticle protein of Bombyx mori , Biochim. (apidologie.org)
Genetically1
  • Gene drives are a technology through which a few genetically engineered individuals are designed to intentionally push new genes through an entire population of a species in the wild. (cban.ca)
Molecular2
Females3
  • In the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae , the ecdysteroid 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) appears to have evolved to both control egg development when synthesized by females 2 and to induce mating refractoriness when sexually transferred by males 3 . (nature.com)
  • Because egg development and mating are essential reproductive traits, understanding how Anopheles females integrate these hormonal signals can spur the design of new malaria control programs. (nature.com)
  • 2. Out of 19 females caught in nature, two were heterozygous for a gene which causes strong deviations in the normal sex distribution. (geneconvenevi.org)
Researchers3
  • Nevertheless, out of 6 islands thoroughly searched in December 2008, the researchers did not find a single larva or adult individual of Anopheles , including in the islands of Mahé, Praslin and La Digue, where 99 % of the Seychelles population live. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Researchers are also devising a type of gene-drive mechanism for mammals, and have outlined a hypothetical gene drive system intended to drive a desired trait though a herd or population of a farm animal. (cban.ca)
  • To address these questions, researchers sequenced the genomes of 16 Anopheles species. (sciencedaily.com)
RNAi1
  • To overcome these limitations, here we present a more efficient method for robust activation of RNAi by oral delivery of dsRNA to adult Anopheles gambiae. (cdc.gov)
Variation1
Males2
  • A possible explanation is that A. gambiae males transfer a modified, male-specific ecdysteroid that activates signalling cascades in the female reproductive tract, leading to mating refractoriness. (nature.com)
  • We set out to determine the full composition of steroid hormones in the male accessory glands (MAGs) of sexually mature A. gambiae males, searching for possible modified steroids. (nature.com)
Expression4
  • In the fat body, while less dramatic, gene expression alterations were also observed and occurred during the ookinete invasion and during the release of sporozoites into the hemocoel. (unl.pt)
  • Inactivating Gene Expression with Antisense Modified Oligonucleotides. (yale.edu)
  • FDY, originally a female- biased gene, acquired testis expression and remained functional. (speakerdeck.com)
  • Finally, we analysed the expression profiles of 15 potential immune-related genes, and the majority of them were induced more prominently with E. coli compared to Micrococcus luteus . (biomedcentral.com)
Subset1
  • We also validated the upregulation of a selected subset of genes from the immune transcriptome by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. (biomedcentral.com)
Pests1
  • The realisation of robust gene drive strategies in vertebrate pests has the potential to revolutionise biocontrol. (mdpi.com)
Strain1
  • gambiae s.s. genomes have been sequenced three times, once for the M strain, once for the S strain, and once for a hybrid strain. (wikipedia.org)
Parasites1
  • Genes and antigens of parasites : a laboratory manual, the proceedings of a course held at the Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 14 November-17 December, 1983 / organized and edited by Carlos M. Morel. (who.int)
Malaria parasite1
  • Or you could just add a gene making them resistant to the malaria parasite, preventing its transmission to humans. (vox.com)
Mapping1