• Cathepsin D is an aspartic endo-protease that is ubiquitously distributed in lysosomes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cathepsin-D is an aspartic protease that depends critically on protonation of its active site Asp residue. (wikipedia.org)
  • Along with Asp-protonation, lower pH also leads to conformational switch in cathepsin-D : the N-terminal segment of the protease moves out of the active site as pH drops. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cathepsin B, also known as CTSB, is a lysosomal cysteine protease. (biolegend.com)
  • Emphasis is given to the role of the yeast protease Pep4p, the vacuolar counterpart of cathepsin D , in life and death . (bvsalud.org)
  • Here we investigated the importance of pH in regulating the activity and functions of the major cathepsin L protease FheCL1. (maynoothuniversity.ie)
  • This gene encodes a type II transmembrane serine protease that may be involved in diverse cellular functions, including blood coagulation and the maintenance of cell morphology. (nih.gov)
  • A further host protease required for activation of the S Protein is Cathepsin L which also facilitates SARS-CoV-2 entry into target cells through an alternative route. (promocell.com)
  • Inhibition of the Furin protease and Cathepsin L might therefore be an efficient way to attenuate the infection process and reduce the spread and severity of COVID-19. (promocell.com)
  • The CTSD gene provides instructions for making an enzyme called cathepsin D. Cathepsin D is one of a family of cathepsin proteins that act as protease enzymes, which modify proteins by cutting them apart. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Pharmacological inhibition of cathepsin activity with CA074-Me resulted in a substantial reduction of both mature IL-1β production and caspase-1 activation in infected macrophages. (frontiersin.org)
  • Moreover, cathepsin inhibition abolished the interaction between NLRP3 and ASC, measured by immunofluorescence imaging in H37Rv-infected macrophages, demonstrating a critical role of the enzyme in NLRP3-inflammasome activation. (frontiersin.org)
  • We found Plk1 plays a critical role in maintaining intralysosomal pH by regulating ATP6V1A phosphorylation, and inhibition of Plk1 impaired lysosomal function leading to blockade of autophagic flux. (nature.com)
  • By screening a combinatorial pentapeptide amide collection in an inhibition assay, we systematically evaluated the potential of 19 proteinogenic amino acids and seven nonproteinogenic amino acids to serve as building blocks for inhibitors of human cathepsin L. Particularly efficient were aromatic, bulky, hydrophobic amino-acid residues, especially leucine, and positively charged residues, especially arginine. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • Thus, his results clearly demonstrated that cystain E/M is a cervical cancer suppressor gene and controls cell growth through the inhibition of cathepsin L. His laboratory used lentiviral tetracycline inducible system for the exogenous expression of cystatin E/M and have shown growth suppression in xenograft tumor mice model pointing to suppressor function of cystatin E/M protein. (uclahealth.org)
  • Stopped-flow kinetics showed that the inhibition of the lysosomal cysteine proteinase, cathepsin B, by its endogenous inhibitor, cystatin C, occurs by a two-step mechanism, in which an initial, weak interaction is followed by a conformational change. (lu.se)
  • The presence of this loop, which allows the enzyme to function as an exopeptidase, thus complicates the inhibition mechanism, rendering cathepsin B much less susceptible than other cysteine. (lu.se)
  • article{d5c1ff8e-0690-4d5e-85b5-097b38cc0bdd, abstract = {{Stopped-flow kinetics showed that the inhibition of the lysosomal cysteine proteinase, cathepsin B, by its endogenous inhibitor, cystatin C, occurs by a two-step mechanism, in which an initial, weak interaction is followed by a conformational change. (lu.se)
  • Little is known, however, about the mechanism by which the propeptide of FhCL3, a cathepsin L peptidase secreted by the infective newly excysted juveniles (NEJs), regulates the inhibition and activation of the mature enzyme before it is secreted into host tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Specific Furin and Cathepsin L inhibitors which block proteolytic activation of the S Protein , and thus SARS-CoV-2 virus entry and replication, are potential antiviral agents to counteract SARS-CoV-2 infection and pathogenesis. (promocell.com)
  • In addition to our assays for studying binding of SARS-CoV-2 to the ACE2 receptor and screening for respective inhibitors/drugs (see below), we offer the Furin Activity Assay Kit & Furin Inhibitor Screening Kit as well as Cathepsin L Activity Assay Kit & Cathepsin L Inhibitor Screening Kit as tools to develop new targeted therapeutics for Covid-19. (promocell.com)
  • In addition, a broad range of other Cathepsin Assays , Cathepsin Inhibitors as well as recombinant Cathepsins , Cathepsin antibodies & ELISAs also useful to study SARS-CoV infections (e.g. (promocell.com)
  • This random approach for the design of inhibitors was introduced to compensate for the inaccuracy induced by shifted docking of combinatorial compound collections at the active center of cathepsin L. Thereby, we obtained structurally defined pentapeptide amides which inhibited human cathepsin L at nanomolar concentrations. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • Among the most potent novel inhibitors, one peptide, RKLLW-NH2, shares the amphiphilic character of the nonamer fragment VMNGLQNRK of the autoinhibitory, substrate-like, but reverse-binding prosegment of human cathepsin L which blocks the active center of the enzyme. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • Highly potent inhibitors of human cathepsin L identified by screening combinatorial pentapeptide amide collections", EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY , vol. 267, 2000, pp. 5085-5092. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • This invention relates to a compound of formula I and their use as inhibitors of Cathepsin C, pharmaceutical compositions containing the same, and methods of using the same as agents for treatment and/or prevention of diseases connected with dipeptidyl peptidase I activity, e.g. respiratory diseases. (justia.com)
  • Thus, inhibitors of Cathepsin C could potentially be useful therapeutics for the treatment of neutrophil-dominated inflammatory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary emphysema, asthma, multiple sclerosis, and cystic fibrosis (Guay et al. (justia.com)
  • Our enzyme kinetics data demonstrates high potency and selectivity of the ppFhCL3 for its cognate FhCL3 enzyme, information that could be utilised to design inhibitors of parasite cathepsin L peptidases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The main physiological functions of cathepsin D consist of metabolic degradation of intracellular proteins, activation and degradation of polypeptide hormones and growth factors, activation of enzymatic precursors, processing of enzyme activators and inhibitors, brain antigen processing and regulation of programmed cell death. (wikipedia.org)
  • The enzyme, cathepsin B (CatB), caught the attention of Li Gan at the Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease in San Francisco several years ago when it appeared to prevent buildup of amyloid plaques in the brains of AD mice overexpressing mutant human amyloid precursor protein (APP). (alzforum.org)
  • Obviously, RKLLW-NH2 carries the functions that are important for enzyme-peptide interaction in a condensed form. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • CTSD gene mutations found to cause CLN10 disease that is present at birth lead to a complete lack of cathepsin D enzyme activity. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In the later-onset cases of CLN10 disease, CTSD gene mutations likely result in the production of a cathepsin D enzyme whose function is greatly reduced but not eliminated. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Finally and as a possible consequence of these alterations in lysosomal enzyme transport, cathepsin L and D maturation were found suppressed in CLN3 cells. (ac.ir)
  • While most cathepsins are exclusively endopeptidases, CTSB exhibits both carboxypeptidase and endopeptidase activities. (biolegend.com)
  • Lysosomal cathepsin B (CTSB) has been proposed to play a role in the induction of acute inflammation. (frontiersin.org)
  • These observations suggest that during Mtb infection, lysosomal release of activated CTSB and possibly other cathepsins inhibitable by CA07-Me is critical for the induction of inflammasome-mediated IL-1β processing by regulating NLRP3-inflammasome assembly in the cytosol. (frontiersin.org)
  • Blood samples were also collected to measure brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cathepsin B (CTSB) levels. (plymouthherald.co.uk)
  • Similar to other aspartic proteases, cathepsin D accommodates up to 8 amino acid residues in the binding cleft of the active site. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although these platelet activation processes are relatively well-studied as a function of the platelet environment, only since recently it is becoming clear that a multitude of proteases present in plasma or produced by platelets themselves are important for the distinct properties of platelet populations, often by cleaving specific receptors. (frontiersin.org)
  • The helminth parasite Fasciola hepatica secretes cathepsin L cysteine proteases to invade its host, migrate through tissues and digest haemoglobin, its main source of amino acids. (maynoothuniversity.ie)
  • Neutrophils are recruited to the site of joint inflammation and release Cathepsin G, elastase and proteinase 3, proteases which are believed to be responsible for cartilage destruction associated with rheumatoid arthritis. (justia.com)
  • Activates serine proteases such as elastase, cathepsin g and granzymes a and b. (lu.se)
  • The adequate production and distribution of normally functioning neutrophils is vital to host defense. (medscape.com)
  • Biomarkers for pulmonary inflammation included cytokines, mediators and the presence of inflammatory cells (IL-1b, IL-18, IL-33, cathepsin B and neutrophils) and markers of injury (albumin and lactate dehydrogenase). (cdc.gov)
  • Cell surface biotinylation after EGF (2 ng/mL) stimulation, EGF phosphorylation (Tyr-845), retromer and cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor (CI-MPR) levels and stability, EGF degradation pathways and cathepsin L and D levels were analysed by western blots. (ac.ir)
  • Located primarily in the azurophil granules of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, ELA2 function results in the degradation of many extracellular matrix macromolecules. (novusbio.com)
  • Cathepsin D enzymatic activity induces hydrolytic modification of apolipoprotein B-100-containing lipoproteins, including LDL, which means it may be involved in atherosclerosis as well. (wikipedia.org)
  • We also deliver products for the detection of cathepsin, oxidative stress, fluorescent enzymatic assays, metabolic assays, ultra sensitive cholinesterase & ELISA products, and cytotoxicity luminescence kits. (biosciregister.com)
  • Enzymatic activity assay Cathepsin L activity in living cells was monitored using the Magic Red Cathepsin L detection kit (ImmunoChemistry Technologies, MN, USA). (immunochemistry.com)
  • 1. Dilute the recombinant mouse Cathepsin B to 10 μg/ml in activation buffer (25 mM MES, 1 mM DTT, pH 5.0) and incubate the protein at 25°C for 3 min. (biolegend.com)
  • 2. Dilute the recombinant mouse Cathepsin B to 0.05 μg/ml in assay buffer (25 mM MES, pH 5.0). (biolegend.com)
  • Future strategies to manipulate lysosomal function might be of great benefit for common diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders. (liu.se)
  • Because lysosomal dysfunction is associated with many degenerative disorders, therapeutic interventions aiming at restoring lysosomal function may be useful for the treatment of e.g. (liu.se)
  • Rapidly dividing cells, such as cancer cells, are highly dependent on effective lysosomal function and dramatic changes in lysosomal volume, composition, and subcellular localization occur during transformation and cancer progression. (liu.se)
  • High-frequency spinal cord stimulation produces long-lasting analgesic effects by restoring lysosomal function and autophagic flux in the spinal dorsal horn. (iasp-pain.org)
  • HF-SCS restored lysosomal function, increased the levels of lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP2) and the mature form of cathepsin D (matu-CTSD), and alleviated the abnormally elevated levels of microtubule-associated protein 1A/B-light chain 3 (LC3)-II and sequestosome 1 (P62) in spinal nerve-injured rats. (iasp-pain.org)
  • Here, we demonstrate that stimulation of the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) for ATP alkalinizes lysosomes in cultured human retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells and impairs lysosomal function. (sens.org)
  • In summary, P2X7R stimulation raises lysosomal pH and impedes lysosomal function, suggesting a possible role for overstimulation in diseases of accumulation. (sens.org)
  • Bromodomain Protein BRD4 Is a Transcriptional Repressor of Autophagy and Lysosomal Function. (immunochemistry.com)
  • This review summarizes BACE properties, describes BACE translation dysregulation in AD, and discusses BACE physiological functions in sodium current, synaptic transmission, myelination, and schizophrenia. (jneurosci.org)
  • Its genuine physiological functions haven't yet been clarified. (cathepsin-s.com)
  • The main function of cathepsin D is to degrade proteins and activate precursors of bioactive proteins in pre-lysosomal compartments. (wikipedia.org)
  • We describe how these are activated, which are their target proteins, and how their proteolytic activity modulates platelet functions. (frontiersin.org)
  • The second secret of life, as Manod would call it, is allostery, the changes in shape and function of proteins that come about by attachments of small molecules. (uhhospitals.org)
  • By cutting proteins apart, cathepsin D can break down certain proteins, turn on (activate) other proteins, and regulate self-destruction of the cell ( apoptosis ). (medlineplus.gov)
  • LC-MS/MS spectrometry analysis identified 721 proteins secreted by E. nipponicum with predominantly immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory functions (peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase, homolog to SmKK7, tetraspanin) and ability to digest host macromolecules (cathepsins B, D, L1). (muni.cz)
  • It has been surprisingly found that the bicyclic compounds of the present invention possess potent Cathepsin C activity, high selectivity against other Cathepsins, e.g. (justia.com)
  • These values are at least 1000-fold lower than those K i obtained for human cathepsin L (HsCL) and human cathepsin K (HsCK) demonstrating the selectivity of the ppFhCL3 for parasite cathepsins L. By exploiting 3-D structural data we identified key molecular interactions in the specific binding between the ppFhCL3 and FhCL3 mature domain. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our results demonstrate that knocking-down the cathepsin Z in human macrophages rescues the attenuated phenotype of _4644:Tn clone. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Unexpected cross-reactivity of anti-cathepsin B antibodies leads to uncertainties regarding the mechanism of action of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody GA101. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • Cathepsin D can also be found in the extracellular space and it is one of the few cathepsins, that shows some activity at neutral pH. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cathepsin A (CatA) is a serine carboxypeptidase distributed between lysosomes, cell membrane, and extracellular space. (proteopedia.org)
  • Secretion of proteolytically active cathepsins to the extracellular space might stimulate angiogenesis, tumor growth, and invasion. (liu.se)
  • Role of neutrophil extracellular la NETosis en las enfermedades infecciosas pulmonares. (bvsalud.org)
  • Cathepsin D is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CTSD gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • This protein mediates either fusion of the virus membrane with the host cell membrane (TMPRSS2 activated mediation) or endocytosis of the virus particle (Cathepsin-activated mediation) and its entry into the cell. (promocell.com)
  • The S Protein is then processed/activated by the lysosomal Cathepsin L in the late endosomes (endo-lysosomes) following endocytosis of the virus. (promocell.com)
  • PPGB_HUMAN ] Protective protein appears to be essential for both the activity of beta-galactosidase and neuraminidase, it associates with these enzymes and exerts a protective function necessary for their stability and activity. (proteopedia.org)
  • Takiguchi K, Itoh K, Shimmoto M, Ozand PT, Doi H, Sakuraba H. Structural and functional study of K453E mutant protective protein/cathepsin A causing the late infantile form of galactosialidosis. (proteopedia.org)
  • Galjart NJ, Morreau H, Willemsen R, Gillemans N, Bonten EJ, d'Azzo A. Human lysosomal protective protein has cathepsin A-like activity distinct from its protective function. (proteopedia.org)
  • Srivatsan's studies further revealed that cathepsin L, a protein overexpressed in several tumors and linked to invasion and metastasis as the physiological target of cystatin E/M. (uclahealth.org)
  • For the first time, the laboratory has identified a nuclear function for a cytoplasmic transport protein (Nuclear function of cytosolic sorting protein PACS-1. (uclahealth.org)
  • Juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (JNCL), one of the most frequent forms of the NCL storage diseases, is known to be caused by loss-of-function mutations in ceroid-lipofuscinosis neuronal protein 3 (CLN3), but its cell function has not been fully elucidated. (ac.ir)
  • The _4644 gene encodes a dual-function protein with a putative pore-forming function and ADP-ribosyltransferase activity. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Protein binding assay suggests that MAV_4644 interacts with the host lysosomal peptidase cathepsin Z (CTSZ), a key regulator of the cell signaling and inflammation. (oregonstate.edu)
  • The massive accumulation of substances affects the function of lysosomes and other organelles, resulting in secondary changes, such as impairment of autophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation. (liu.se)
  • As predicted, the effects on calbindin immunostaining and hippocampal synaptic function in the CysC-deficient APP mice disappeared when CatB was out of the picture. (alzforum.org)
  • But Gan thinks the new data are "completely consistent with the argument that cystatin C fulfills at least two functions"-inhibiting CatB and blocking aggregation by binding to Aβ. (alzforum.org)
  • Surface cathepsin B protects cytotoxic lymphocytes from self-destruction after degranulation", JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE , vol. 196, 2002, pp. 493-503. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • The zoonotic worm parasite Fasciola hepatica secretes an abundance of cathepsin L peptidases that are associated with virulence, invasiveness, feeding and migration. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We focus on developing assays that allow researchers to study cellular functions using cell-permeable reagents. (biosciregister.com)
  • Over-expression of cathepsin D stimulates tumorigenicity and metastasis as well as initiation of tumor apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Knock-out of CTSD gene would cause intestinal necrosis and hemorrhage and increase apoptosis in thymus, indicating that cathepsin D is required in certain epithelial cells for tissue remodeling and renewal. (wikipedia.org)
  • We then focus on the opposing functions of cathepsin D in apoptosis , particularly relevant in cancer research . (bvsalud.org)
  • Finally, we discuss how insights from yeast cathepsin D and its role in regulated cell death can unveil novel functions of mammalian cathepsin D in apoptosis and cancer . (bvsalud.org)
  • An important way of regulation is provided by proteolytic cleavage of several of these receptors, leading to either a gain or a loss of platelet function. (frontiersin.org)
  • Therefore, a more detailed understanding of cathepsin D regulation and how to modulate its apoptotic functions is clearly needed. (bvsalud.org)
  • It may have a specific function in the mechanism or regulation of cytolytic activity of immune cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Entrez Gene: CTSD cathepsin D". Barrett AJ (April 1970). (wikipedia.org)
  • The activity of Cathepsin B is determined by its ability to cleave the fluorogenic peptide substrate, Z-Leu-Arg-AMC (Z=Benzyloxycarbonyl, and AMC=7-amino-4-methylcoumarin) after activation. (biolegend.com)
  • However, cathepsin D can have both anti- and pro- survival functions depending on its proteolytic activity, cellular context and stress stimulus. (bvsalud.org)
  • To measure lysosomal Cathepsin B activity, cells were incubated with Magic Red CathepsinB (ImmunoChemistry Technologies, Cat#: 938) for 1 hr according to the manufacturer's instructions. (immunochemistry.com)
  • Cloning and sequence analysis of cDNA for human cathepsin D". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mouse Cathepsin B, amino acids (His18-Phe339) (Accession# P10605), with C-terminal 10x His tag, was expressed in CHO cells. (biolegend.com)
  • Pathogenic mycobacteria have been shown to suppress the action of many cathepsins to establish their intracellular niche. (oregonstate.edu)
  • The catalytic sites of cathepsin D include two critical aspartic residues (amino acid 33 and 231) located on the 14 kDa and 34kDa chains. (wikipedia.org)
  • The ultimate form of mature cathepsin D is composed of 337 amino acid residues, 196 amino acid residues in the heavy chain and 141 in the light chain. (wikipedia.org)
  • We have identified the molecular defect in factor V Leiden and we have delineated specific amino acid regions on the factor V/Va molecule that are crucial for their functions. (csuohio.edu)
  • The PI 3-kinase PI3KC2α regulates mouse platelet membrane structure and function independently of membrane lipid composition. (nih.gov)
  • Cathepsin D regulates cathepsin B activation and disease severity predominantly in inflammatory cells during experimental pancreatitis. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • The defective CLCN7 gene encodes a chloride channel that is apparently important in osteoclast function. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In addition we will address important areas of modern epidemiology such as the influence of early life factors on adult health and disease, but also the importance of the gene-diet-microbiota interaction for body function and health. (lu.se)
  • Cathepsin D has garnered increased attention in recent years, mainly since it has been associated with several human pathologies . (bvsalud.org)
  • Cysteine cathepsins in human dentin-pulp complex. (thejcdp.com)
  • 12] However, the findings concerning the effects of cold exposure on human immune function are inconsistent. (researchgate.net)
  • Induction of cathepsin B by the CXCR3 chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10 in human breast cancer cells. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • In 2014, an innovative study by Leslie et al [7] used human intestinal organoids (HOIs) derived from stem cells to model the disruption of barrier functions in the human intestine by CD. (listlabs.com)
  • Due to the significance of impaired autophagy in these diseases, there is increased interest in studying pathways and targets involved in maintaining efficient autophagic functions as potential therapeutic targets. (hindawi.com)
  • MAV_4644 Interaction with the Host Cathepsin Z Protects subsp. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Although, the purified cathepsin Z by itself does not have any killing effect on MAH, it contributes to bacterial killing in the presence of the nitric oxide (NO). Our data suggest that the cathepsin Z is involved in early macrophage killing of MAH, and the virulence factor MAV_4644 protects the pathogen from this process. (oregonstate.edu)
  • June 10, 2021 Until now, systemic biomarkers to measure exercise effects on brain function and that link to relevant metabolic responses were lacking. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In particular, cathepsin D is often overexpressed and hypersecreted in cancer cells , implying it may constitute a therapeutic target. (bvsalud.org)
  • These areas are often made up of polarized parenchymal epithelial cells that form barriers to compartmentalize functions in cavities of the liver, intestine or lungs (Figure 1 ). (hindawi.com)
  • These individuals have a gradual loss of brain cells and often develop problems with balance and coordination (ataxia), loss of speech, a progressive loss in intellectual functioning (cognitive decline), and vision loss. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Researchers found that one 18-hole round of golf or walking six kilometres (3.7 miles) may 'significantly improve' immediate cognitive function in people over 65 years of age. (plymouthherald.co.uk)
  • Cognitive function was assessed using widely used tests. (plymouthherald.co.uk)
  • The TMT-A test measures lower cognitive functions, such as attention and processing speed, while the TMT-B test measures more demanding 'executive' functions such as task-switching ability. (plymouthherald.co.uk)
  • The findings, published in BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine, showed that a single session of any of the three exercises - 18 holes of golf, a 6km Nordic walk or 6kms of regular walking- improved lower cognitive functions measured with the TMT-A test in older adults. (plymouthherald.co.uk)
  • said: 'These findings underscore the value of age-appropriate aerobic exercise, such as golf, Nordic walking and regular walking, in maintaining and enhancing cognitive function among older adults. (plymouthherald.co.uk)
  • Mitotic Spindle Assembly and Genomic Stability in Breast Cancer Require PI3K-C2α Scaffolding Function. (nih.gov)
  • This pH profile likely reflects the need for FheCL1 to function both in the parasite gut and in the host tissues. (maynoothuniversity.ie)
  • The lysosome contains over 50 different hydrolases responsible for its degradative function and a single membrane surrounds it, which is heavily glycosylated to protect other cellular compartments from its hydrolytic enzymes. (liu.se)
  • The activation and function of host matrix metalloproteinases in dentin matrix breakdown in caries lesions. (thejcdp.com)
  • Photo: Thor Balkhed As many cellular functions involve the lysosomal compartment lysosomal disturbance has a profound impact on homeostasis. (liu.se)
  • Renal replacement therapy (RRT) is yet the primary treatment for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients that does not actually improve kidney function and also creates a heavy economic burden in several countries [ 1 , 2 ]. (nature.com)
  • P2X7R stimulation decreased access to the active site of cathepsin D. Interestingly, lysosomal alkalinization was accompanied by a rise in lipid oxidation that was prevented by P2X7R antagonism. (sens.org)
  • Cysteine peptidases of Eudiplozoon nipponicum: a broad repertoire of structurally assorted cathepsins L in contrast to the scarcity of cathepsins B in an invasive species of haematophagous monogenean of common carp. (uni-bielefeld.de)