Globular proteinsStructuralUnique conformationLipid bilayerInteractionsModulateReceptorsPeptidesProtein'sChromosomeStructuresSoluble proteinsTransmembraneAmino acidsAntibodyMacromoleculesPurification of proteinsSequencesAntibodiesInteractionHeterologousIntrinsicallyLigandAmyloid fibrilsPolypeptide chainsTertiaryResiduesAmyloidogenicStabilityReceptorComplexesDynamicsTranslocationUndergoKineticallyMembranesVariantsMoleculesEpitopesCellularBacterialAffinity purificationAtomsMembrane-boundComplexFormInteractConformersResiduePhysiologicalMitochondrialStructureSecretoryHydrophobic collapseDegradationFoldMutationsBiological functionsSynthesisAdoptsMolecularSecreteFunctionallyLysineColiSpecificResearchersNative State
Globular proteins4
- Partial hydrophobic collapse is an experimentally accepted model for the folding kinetics of many globular proteins, such as myoglobin, alpha-lactalbumin, barstar, and staphylococcal nuclease. (wikipedia.org)
- Globular proteins that are thought to fold by hydrophobic collapse are particularly amenable to complementary computational and experimental study using phi value analysis. (wikipedia.org)
- This is thought to make globular proteins stable and soluble in the watery environment of the cell. (anl.gov)
- As much as structure and function of normal ordered globular proteins are determined by their amino acid sequences, the lack of unique 3D structure in IDPs/IDPRs and their disorder-based functionality are also encoded in the amino acid sequences. (usf.edu)
Structural13
- How does an amino acid sequence that is unfolded when it leaves the ribosome manage to fold properly into a highly ordered, lightning-fast enzyme or sturdy structural protein? (anl.gov)
- Our understanding on this functional chemistry is limited by the difficulty of obtaining structural and dynamic information on many of these states. (preprints.org)
- This review critically focuses on opportunities to employ protein-graphene oxide structures either as nanocomposites or as biocomplexes and highlights the effects of carbonaceous nanostructures on protein conformation and structural stability for applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. (mdpi.com)
- Protein functional properties are determined to a large extent by a protein s physicochemical and structural properties ( Diniz and Martin, 1997 ). (scialert.net)
- Keratin ( / ˈ k ɛr ə t ɪ n / [1] [2] ) is one of a family of structural fibrous proteins also known as scleroproteins . (wikipedia.org)
- Now Rubén Fernández-Busnadiego from the Department of Molecular Structural Biology at the MPI of Biochemistry and Stefan Kochanek, head of the Department of Gene Therapy at the University Hospital Ulm, have succeeded in decoding the molecular, three-dimensional structure of the huntingtin protein. (mpg.de)
- The low metastability of preb-HDL has made a structural/functional characterization of this particle difficult. (pnnl.gov)
- For many functional RNA families [11], decades of research have produced a deep understanding of the sequence and structural basis underlying their biological function(s). (dagstuhl.de)
- Structural as well as oxidative modifications can result from coordination of α S with redox active iron, which could have functional and/or pathological implications. (hindawi.com)
- What we have found is that in order to achieve their high temperature sensitivity, the ion channel needs to undergo extreme structural changes in their functional state, and these extreme changes compromise protein stability," Qin explains. (buffalo.edu)
- The biological need - the strong temperature sensitivity of the receptors - apparently requires a larger energy than what reversible structural changes in the protein can afford," he says. (buffalo.edu)
- Other projects in the lab focus on the mechanism of protein misfolding, the structural and energetic mechanism of signaling, computational identification of folding modules, and the role of ligand binding. (berkeley.edu)
- Hence, TADs are believed to represent structural chromosomal units that are of functional importance for the regulatory cross talk that determines gene expression programs. (biomedcentral.com)
Unique conformation2
- It is the apoAI protein on preb-HDL that displays a unique conformation with the exposed binding sites specifically for free cholesterol. (pnnl.gov)
- The 414K-MDI conjugation appears to covalently cross- link GSH to albumin via GSH's NH2-terminus, a unique conformation possibly resulting from cyclized mono(GSH)-MDI or asymmetric ( S , N -linked) bis(GSH)-MDI conjugates. (cdc.gov)
Lipid bilayer4
- 2018 ). Through YidC, proteins are inserted into the lipid bilayer via the SecYEG-dependent complex, but YidC functions as a chaperone in protein folding processes. (tcdb.org)
- Antibodies can target epitopes on integral membrane proteins very near to the lipid bilayer surface, even those partially embedded within the headgroup region. (elifesciences.org)
- Membrane proteins must be threaded co-translocationally into the lipid bilayer to become membrane-integrated, often with complex topologies and typically form hetero- or homo- oligomers. (stanford.edu)
- 2016 ) Functional modulation of a GPCR conformational landscape in a lipid bilayer. (ibpc.fr)
Interactions13
- In this model, we do not consider the interactions of the peptide backbone as this maintains its stability in non-polar and polar environments as long as there is sufficient hydrogen bonding within the backbone, thus we will only consider the thermodynamic contributions of the side chains to protein stability. (wikipedia.org)
- Based on the structure of Cdc4p, possible models for interallelic complementation including interactions with partner proteins and the formation of a myosin complex with Cdc4p fulfilling the role of both an essential and regulatory light chain are proposed. (ubc.ca)
- Protein conformation is critically linked to function and often controlled by interactions with regulatory factors. (cipsm.de)
- Moreover, targeting protein functional motions bears a great potential to control and modulate proteins' activities and interactions in physio-pathological contexts. (biorxiv.org)
- These techniques provide valuable insights on proteins' functioning and interactions with their environment. (biorxiv.org)
- long range interactions within the protein molecule. (flashcardmachine.com)
- All-atom simulations of 4E10, PGZL1, 10E8 and LN01 docked onto HIV-like membranes consistently form phospholipid complexes at key complementarity-determining region loop sites, solidifying that stable and specific lipid interactions anchor bnAbs to membrane surfaces. (elifesciences.org)
- The modification of proteins through crosslinking techniques provides analysis and insight into complex protein interactions as well as interaction domains. (aatbio.com)
- Ca2 + -Glutamic residue interactions altered E protein conformation and favored ion channel opening and the flow of ions into and through the channels. (medicalwritersnewshubb.com)
- Moreover, iron interactions with N-terminally acetylated α S, the physiologically relevant form of the human protein, will be addressed to shed light on the current understanding of protein dynamics and the physiological environment in the disease state. (hindawi.com)
- RNA catalytic and binding interactions with proteins and small molecules are fundamental elements of cellular life processes as well as the basis for RNA therapeutics and molecular engineering. (nature.com)
- All or other nearby charged groups, the pKa shift of a buried pH-dependent properties of proteins are ultimately governed residue is dominated by the large electrostatic self-energy by the electrostatic interactions of ionizable side chains. (lu.se)
- 2004). The effect of electrostatic interactions is usually polarization effects in the protein are subsumed in an quantified in terms of the shift, DpKa, of the pKa value of an apparent dielectric constant, eP. (lu.se)
Modulate2
- Here we report the selection of camelid-derived single-domain antibodies (nanobodies) that modulate the conformation and spectral properties of the green fluorescent protein (GFP). (cipsm.de)
- NQO1 displays a remarkable functional chemistry, capable of binding different functional ligands that modulate its activity, stability and interaction with proteins and nucleic acids. (preprints.org)
Receptors11
- MorphoSys , a biotechnology company focused on fully human antibodies, and Heptares Therapeutics , a developer of new medicines targeting G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), have signed an agreement to discover novel antibody therapeutics targeting GPCRs-membrane proteins involved in a broad range of biological processes and diseases. (centerwatch.com)
- A complex interplay between structure, conformational dynamics and pharmacology defines distant regulation of G protein-coupled receptors. (elifesciences.org)
- G protein-coupled receptors are transmembrane proteins that help to regulate a wide array of biological processes, which makes them important drug targets. (elifesciences.org)
- Allosteric regulation of G protein-coupled receptors. (elifesciences.org)
- A ) G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are transmembrane proteins (bottom) that can be regulated by orthosteric ligands (such as acetylcholine or iperoxo) and positive allosteric modulators (PAMs). (elifesciences.org)
- These short chains of amino acids, which normally link together to make complex proteins, can target specific receptors, diffuse easily throughout the body and also sustain a rigid structure. (sciencedaily.com)
- G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute the largest integral membrane protein family in the human genome and are involved in many important signal transduction processes. (ibpc.fr)
- Effector proteins interacting with the Fc portion of immunoglobulin M (IgM) include complement and complement receptors. (medscape.com)
- Partial or complete deficiencies of the components of the complement system, including its receptors and regulatory proteins, are now described in humans and may be of a genetic or familial origin or acquired. (medscape.com)
- Defects in the expression of complement or complement receptors may result in loss of tolerance to self-proteins and the development of immune complex-mediated autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). (medscape.com)
- Among healthy individuals, the number of CR1 receptors on the red blood cells varies widely, yet the phenotypic expression, regulated by 2 codominant alleles, is stable. (medscape.com)
Peptides8
- Due to their large surface area and ability to interact with proteins and peptides, graphene oxides offer valuable physiochemical and biological features for biomedical applications and have been successfully employed for optimizing scaffold architectures for a wide range of organs, from the skin to cardiac tissue. (mdpi.com)
- The most promising Ags were submitted to a more in-depth biophysical investigation of their structure and conformation stability, and for their capacity to interact with neutralising antibodies (Abs) and peptides. (europa.eu)
- With the help of the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility's Mira supercomputer, scientists have successfully designed and verified stable versions of synthetic peptides, components that join together to form proteins. (sciencedaily.com)
- With the help of the Mira supercomputer, located at the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility at the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Argonne National Laboratory, the scientists have successfully designed and verified stable versions of synthetic peptides, components that join together to form proteins. (sciencedaily.com)
- But between the extremes of small, but imprecise, molecules and floppy, but high-specificity proteins, there exists a middle ground -- peptides. (sciencedaily.com)
- After designing the chemical building blocks of peptides, the researchers used the supercomputer Mira, with its 10 petaflops of processing power and more than 780,000 cores, to model scores of potential shapes, or conformations, that specific backbone sequences of amino acids might take. (sciencedaily.com)
- Though he was not a coauthor on the Nature paper, Alexeev helped Baker's team scale up previous programs it had used to design proteins for modeling peptides on Mira. (sciencedaily.com)
- The big challenge with designing peptides that fold is that you have a chain of amino acids that can exist in an astronomical number of conformations," he said. (sciencedaily.com)
Protein's2
- Hydrophobic collapse is one of the main events necessary for reaching a protein's stable and functional conformation. (wikipedia.org)
- Qin explains that proteins absorb heat and convert it into a form of energy called enthalpy changes, which are associated with changes in a protein's conformation. (buffalo.edu)
Chromosome1
- Studies using a derivative of chromosome conformation capture (3C) known as 'Hi-C' have revealed that long-range genomic contacts segregate TADs into an active (A) and inactive (B) compartment [ 37 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Structures9
- Current hypotheses on protein folding suggest that folding is initiated by formation of secondary structures followed by association of the hydrophobic regions of the emerging structure to orient them toward the interior of the protein in a process termed hydrophobic collapse. (anl.gov)
- We proposed that a cell theoretically could in principle synthezise a big number of forms of [ 2 H]labeled macromolecules with somewhat different structures and conformations, so that a cell could easily select a preferable one from al these species in a course of adaptation to 2 H 2 O, that is the best suitable namely for that conditions. (o8ode.ru)
- Fernández-Busnadiego, an expert in cryo-electron microscopy, mentions two main factors: 'First of all, cryo-electron microscopy has only been optimized in recent years to look at protein structures with almost molecular resolution. (mpg.de)
- Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and intrinsically disordered protein regions (IDPRs) are functional proteins or regions that do not have unique 3D structures under functional conditions. (usf.edu)
- Complex protein structures are comprised of small amino acid building blocks linked together to form polypeptide chains. (aatbio.com)
- Proteins from thermophilic organisms must retain their native structures under extreme conditions, where their homologues from mesophilic organisms denature. (berkeley.edu)
- That's precisely what Baker and his team did, tweaking the Rosetta software package that they built for the design of protein structures to accommodate synthetic amino acids that do not exist in nature, in addition to the 20 natural amino acids. (sciencedaily.com)
- But we are still far away from an unbiased structure prediction of thermodynamically and/or kinetically stable structures of molecules on surfaces. (degruyter.com)
- Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Protein coordinates and the point charges on all the atoms in the MM region (in PDB format) and the equilibrium geometries of the quantum region for all of the studied structures. (lu.se)
Soluble proteins2
- Amyloidosis is a disorder of protein folding in which normally soluble proteins undergo a conformational change and are deposited in the extracellular space in an abnormal fibrillar form. (medscape.com)
- 2004 ). A robotic system for crystallizing membrane and soluble proteins in lipidic mesophases. (ibpc.fr)
Transmembrane3
- 2022 ). The YidC transmembrane (TM) groove is essential for a high- affinity interaction, and the hydrophilic nature of the YidC groove plays an important role in protein transport across the cytoplasmic membrane bilayer to the periplasmic side. (tcdb.org)
- The team investigated if the transmembrane (TM) site formed EFL functional substructures, for which ETM was produced comprising viral E protein residues 8 to 38, by solid-phase peptide synthesis and assessed ETM functionality in-vitro . (medicalwritersnewshubb.com)
- This new approach has been shown to preserve mobility and enzymatic activity of transmembrane proteins in the resulting nSLB. (lu.se)
Amino acids3
- However, previous work by this team of researchers from the University of Notre Dame and The University of Chicago has shown that, contrary to popular belief, intrinsically disordered proteins, which sample a variety of conformational forms the way the autotransporter proteins do, can remain quite extended in water even if they have high ratios of hydrophobic to charged amino acids. (anl.gov)
- This finding suggests that spacing of hydrophobic amino acids must be under selective pressure in bacterial proteins to facilitate their virulence functions. (anl.gov)
- All the estimated nutritional parameters based on amino acids composition suggested that Nile tilapia protein hydrolysates and concentrates have good nutritional quality and could be used as protein ingredient in food industries. (scialert.net)
Antibody7
- Analysis following immunization of rabbits identified quantitative and qualitative differences in terms of the functional IgG antibody response against the P. falciparum parasite. (nature.com)
- Moreover, the kinetic constraints imposed by such rapid erythrocyte invasion mean that extremely high concentrations of functional antibody are required to neutralize the parasite 6 . (nature.com)
- We believe that by combining Heptares' unique StaR platform for generating stable GPCRs as antigens with our antibody discovery technology, we will be able to unlock the immense potential of therapeutic antibodies against GPCRs. (centerwatch.com)
- StaRs enable antibody discovery by stabilizing the GPCR protein outside the cellular membrane in the correct conformation. (centerwatch.com)
- Ancillary protein-lipid contacts reveal surprising contributions from antibody framework regions. (elifesciences.org)
- The modeling platform developed here uncovers insights into lipid participation in antibodies' recognition of membrane proteins and highlights antibody features to prioritize in vaccine design. (elifesciences.org)
- Strep- Tactin Superflow Plus allows highly efficient purification of proteins (see figures Efficient purification of Strep -tagged GFP. GFP was expressed in 60 ml E. coli culture and a 5 ml aliquot was applied to Strep -Tactin Superflow Plus. Protein was eluted using 2.5 mM desthiobiotin, giving a total protein yield of 3.1mg. C: Cleared lysate; E: Elution fractions; F: Flow-through; M: Markers; W: Wash. "> Efficient purification of Strep-tagged GFP with Strep-Tactin Superflow Plus and Highly specific detection of Strep-tagged proteins in any expression system. Purified Strep -tagged thioredoxin (10 ng) was mixed with crude cell lysate from mammalian (NIH-3T3), insect (Sf9), and bacterial ( E. coli ) cells (each 10 µg total protein). After electrophoresis and western transfer, the Strep -tagged protein was detected using the Strep -tag Antibody and chemiluminescent detection. "> Highly specific detection of Strep-tagged proteins in any expression system ). (qiagen.com)
Macromolecules4
- Large macromolecules, including proteins and their complexes, very often adopt multiple conformations. (biorxiv.org)
- Large macromolecules, including proteins and their complexes, are intrinsically flexible, and this flexibility is often linked with their function. (biorxiv.org)
- It is possible also to assume, that the macromolecules realize the special mechanisms, which promote a stabilization of their structure in 2 H 2 O and the functional reorganization for best working in 2 Н 2 О. (o8ode.ru)
- Crosslinkers are a family of compounds that can be used to join together two or more macromolecules, such as proteins. (aatbio.com)
Purification of proteins1
- Crosslinking techniques are also an important pre-requisite to affinity purification of proteins and critical to immunological research. (aatbio.com)
Sequences5
- Going forward, the team will test the extent of collapse in an even wider range of sequences, to more fully understand the importance of maintaining a highly expanded conformation prior to folding. (anl.gov)
- Mitochondria import nuclearly-encoded proteins, made in the cell cytoplasm, into the mitochondrial matrix where their mitochondrial targeting sequences are removed by proteolysis. (tcdb.org)
- Bacteria also export (to the periplasm) N-tails of membrane proteins synthesized without leader sequences by a Sec (Type IIPS)-independent mechanism. (tcdb.org)
- Typical applications of design include novel therapeutic strategies, control principles for existing biological systems, or sensors for the presence of small molecules [3], but designed sequences can also provide an objective experimental assessment of functional hypotheses, where designs are synthesized and their effect on the cellular context can be tested in vitro and, in turn, in vivo. (dagstuhl.de)
- Binding of sequence-specific transcription factors and associated chromatin-modifying enzymes can induce post-translational modification of histone tails and can facilitate nucleosome removal [ 3 - 5 ], which can turn functional sequences such as promoters and enhancers into active, nucleosome-depleted sites [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Antibodies6
- Unlike conventional antibodies, the small, stable nanobodies are functional in living cells. (cipsm.de)
- The antibodies induced by one protein variant were shown to be qualitatively similar to responses induced by other vaccine platforms. (nature.com)
- Progress in this arena, however, is being made with a new generation of merozoite antigen targets identified in recent years that exhibit relatively low levels of polymorphism and against which functional neutralizing antibodies can be raised by vaccination. (nature.com)
- Heptares' StaRs offer a breakthrough solution to the main challenge associated with making antibodies against GPCRs, namely producing purified and properly folded protein for use as an antigen against which antibodies are raised. (centerwatch.com)
- StaRs preserve biologically relevant epitopes thereby enabling generation of a diverse panel of functional antibodies. (centerwatch.com)
- The overall objective of EuroNeut-41 was to design a vaccine that raises antibodies able to prevent HIV cell fusion by blocking the virus fusion protein gp41 in its pre-fusogenic conformation. (europa.eu)
Interaction4
- The biological function of the differentially expressed circRNAs was determined by protein interaction network, Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG) pathway enrichment. (biomedcentral.com)
- Together with its interaction partner HAP40, shown in purple, huntingtin is more stable. (mpg.de)
- Simulations estimating protein-membrane interaction strength for PGZL1 variants along an inferred maturation pathway show bilayer affinity is evolved and correlates with neutralization potency. (elifesciences.org)
- Following this, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were included in Gene Ontology enrichment, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway, protein‑protein interaction network and survival analyses. (cancerindex.org)
Heterologous3
- However it has proved challenging to identify a heterologous expression platform that can produce a soluble protein-based vaccine in a manner compliant with current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP). (nature.com)
- Preexisting antivector immunity can severely compromise the ability of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium live vaccines to induce protective CD8 T-cell frequencies after type III secretion system-mediated heterologous protein translocation in orally immunized mice. (cipsm.de)
- The Lactococcus lactis, a Gram-positive bacteria, is an ideal expression host for the overproduction of heterologous proteins in a properly folded and functional form. (bvsalud.org)
Intrinsically2
- Because of their specific sequence features and distinctive conformational behavior, these intrinsically unstable proteins or regions have several applications in biotechnology. (usf.edu)
- The major constituent of LBs is aggregated α -synuclein ( α S), an intrinsically unfolded protein predominantly localized in the presynaptic regions of dopaminergic neurons. (hindawi.com)
Ligand5
- We show that NQO1apo has a minimally stable folded core holding the protein dimer and with FAD and dicoumarol ligand binding sites populating binding non-competent conformations. (preprints.org)
- This pocket contracts around iperoxo, which results in iperoxo and the allosteric ligand forming a stable complex, but it does not contract around acetylcholine, which results in a more dynamic complex. (elifesciences.org)
- Rhodopsin consists of a protein (rod opsin) and a chromophore ligand (11- cis -retinal) and initiates phototransduction in a specialized organelle called the rod outer segment (OS). (jneurosci.org)
- After washing, proteins are eluted using low concentrations of biotin (the natural ligand of streptavidin) or desthiobiotin (a stable, reversibly binding biotin analog, see figure Binding of Strep-tagged proteins to Strep-Tactin and elution using desthiobiotin. "> Binding of Strep-tagged proteins to Strep-Tactin and elution using desthiobiotin ). (qiagen.com)
- 2010 ) Structure of a GPCR ligand in its receptor-bound state: leukotriene B4 adopts a highly constrained conformation when associated to human BLT2. (ibpc.fr)
Amyloid fibrils3
- The formation of amyloid fibrils, insoluble aggregates of hydrophobic protein can lead to a myriad of diseases including Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. (wikipedia.org)
- The conditions that underlie amyloid deposition may be either acquired or hereditary, and at least 20 different proteins can form amyloid fibrils in vivo. (medscape.com)
- [ 2 ] Research has shown that almost all patients with familial renal amyloidoses (FRA) are heterozygous for mutations in the genes for lysozyme, apolipoprotein AI, apolipoprotein AII, or fibrinogen A alpha-chain and that the amyloid fibrils in this condition are derived from the respective variant proteins. (medscape.com)
Polypeptide chains1
- association of two or more polypeptide chains (subunits) into a functional molecule. (flashcardmachine.com)
Tertiary1
- The polypeptide interacts with water, thus placing thermodynamic pressures on these regions which then aggregate or "collapse" into a tertiary conformation with a hydrophobic core. (wikipedia.org)
Residues4
- The most common and simplest functional group targeted for biomolecular modification is primary amines (-NH2) located on the N-terminus of polypeptides and the side chains of lysine residues. (aatbio.com)
- E protein construct comprising the full-length E sequence or residues 1 to 75 (EFL) was produced, purified from E. coli inclusion bodies, and reconstituted into phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) membranes under voltage-clamp conditions. (medicalwritersnewshubb.com)
- In addition, the effects of post-translational modifications (PTM) on the E protein function were explored by palmitoylating all the cysteine residues (Cys40, Cys43, Cys44) in every subunit in the EFL pentamers of SARS-CoV-2 E protein channels. (medicalwritersnewshubb.com)
- The voltage experiments showed that the E protein was most likely a voltage-gated pore regulated by electrowetting and a hydrophobic gating motif (comprising Phe20, 23, and 26 residues) located in the pore's center. (medicalwritersnewshubb.com)
Amyloidogenic2
- Although the accumulation of amyloidogenic proteins in neuroinflammatory conditions is generally considered pathologic, in a murine model of multiple sclerosis, amyloid-forming fibrils, comprised of hexapeptides, are anti-inflammatory. (phoenixpeptide.com)
- The amyloidogenic precursor proteins in patients with familial renal amyloidosis are thought to be less stable than their wild-type counterparts, causing them to populate intermediate, molten, globulelike states more readily. (medscape.com)
Stability2
- This maintains the stability of the structure within localized segments of the protein. (wikipedia.org)
- We have found that although protein stability can be altered by single amino acid substitution, evolution for optimal function requires more subtle and delocalized mechanisms.Recent results implicate structure in the unfolded state as playing an important and novel role for the thermostability of these proteins. (berkeley.edu)
Receptor4
- Nanobody-induced changes were detected by ratio imaging and used to monitor protein expression and subcellular localization as well as translocation events such as the tamoxifen-induced nuclear localization of estrogen receptor. (cipsm.de)
- We estimated its activation energy to be huge, nearly an order of magnitude larger than that of other receptor proteins," says Qin, noting that the actual total generated by activation is expected to be far higher. (buffalo.edu)
- What makes the finding all the more remarkable, he continues, is that it defies the conventional expectation that a temperature receptor should be more thermally stable, especially when activated by temperatures in the range that it can detect. (buffalo.edu)
- These tiny compounds easily pass through different body systems to target receptor proteins studded in the membranes of our cells. (sciencedaily.com)
Complexes1
- From Protein Complexes to Subunit Backbone Fragments: a Novel Approach to Native Mass Spectrometry. (chicagobiomedicalconsortium.org)
Dynamics5
- Binding of FAD significantly decreases protein dynamics and stabilizes the FAD and dicoumarol binding sites as well as the monomer:monomer interface. (preprints.org)
- FTIR experimental studies are supported by the results of the static density functional theory calculations and Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics simulations. (researchgate.net)
- We focus on the dynamics of the pseudorotation process, in particular, the lifetime of the THF conformations and their mutual rearrangements. (researchgate.net)
- For instance, many proteins share the same native structure yet their cellular dynamics and function, in other words their energy landscapes, are different. (berkeley.edu)
- While many studies have been focused on the membrane structure, the dynamics of such systems are crucial for the function of the membrane including membrane bound proteins. (lu.se)
Translocation3
- The chloroplast albino 3 (ALB3) protein appears to integrate the light harvesting chlorophyll-binding protein into thylakoid membranes using a pathway that is distinct from the chloroplast Sec translocation pathway. (tcdb.org)
- Such non-native states on the energy landscape are thought to play a determining function in many cellular processes such as translocation, protein synthesis, degradation, signaling and allostery. (berkeley.edu)
- To accelerate the translocation of mRNA-tRNAs through the ribosome, bacterial elongation factor G (EF-G) hydrolyzes energy-rich guanosine triphosphate (GTP) for every amino acid incorporated into a protein. (yale.edu)
Undergo1
- Proteins undergo an incredible transformation from one-dimensional sequence information into complex three-dimensional shapes that carry out intricate cellular functions. (berkeley.edu)
Kinetically3
- Hydrophobic collapse can be visualized as part of the folding funnel model which leads a protein to its lowest kinetically accessible energy state. (wikipedia.org)
- The polypeptide will continue folding into lower energy states as long as these conformations are kinetically accessible. (wikipedia.org)
- In this case, a native conformation does not have to be at the lowest energy trough of the diagram as shown, it must simply exist in its natural and kinetically accessible conformation in biological systems. (wikipedia.org)
Membranes5
- This has previously proved very difficult for GPCRs, which lose their conformational and functional integrity when removed from their natural environment in cell membranes. (centerwatch.com)
- The hydrophobically gated ion channel activity of the viral E protein and viroporins were regulated by elevated luminal Ca2 + concentrations (0.1 mM to 1.0 mM), electrochemical gradients, pH, PTMs, ERGIC phospholipids with negative charges, and voltage applied to the membranes. (medicalwritersnewshubb.com)
- They are single-chain molecules present on host cellular membranes and belong to the complement control protein family. (medscape.com)
- Mounting evidence suggests that the genetic disorders/mutation and diseases change not only the protein expression patterns but also membranes themselves. (lu.se)
- Native membrane derived polymer-supported lipid bilayers (nSLBs) are poised to bridge the gap between live cell experiments and traditional model membrane architectures that by offering a combination of accessibility by surface sensitive analytical instrumentation and a composition which more closely resembles cellular membranes by displaying a diversity of endogenous membrane proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. (lu.se)
Variants1
- In contrast, variants in the active conformation accumulated in the ER and caused RD even in the absence of light. (jneurosci.org)
Molecules3
- Hydrophobic collapse is a proposed process for the production of the 3-D conformation adopted by polypeptides and other molecules in polar solvents. (wikipedia.org)
- However, when the adaptive process goes continuously during the many generation, the population of cells can use a special genetic mechanisms for the adaptation to 2 H 2 O. For example, mutations of geens can be resulted in amino acid replacements in molecules of proteins, which in turn could cause a formation of a new isoenzymes, and in the special cases - even the anomal working enzymes of a newer structure type. (o8ode.ru)
- More complex protein drugs ameliorate this problem, but they less readily disperse throughout the body because the more bulky molecules have a harder time passing through blood vessels, the linings of the digestive tract and other barriers. (sciencedaily.com)
Epitopes1
Cellular3
- The etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) is linked with cellular inclusions in the substantia nigra pars compacta region of the brain that are enriched in the misfolded presynaptic protein α -synuclein ( α S) and death of the dopaminergic neurons. (hindawi.com)
- Protein synthesis is crucial for cell growth and survival yet one of the most energy-consuming cellular processes. (yale.edu)
- Several major physiological and bioprocess advantages such as the high cell density growth without CO2 supplementation, growth in suspension, use of inducible promoters and stable lines amenable to growth in biorectors for large-scale expression, make S2 cells system a highly potential cellular tool for mass production of GPCRs. (ibpc.fr)
Bacterial4
- These proteins are synthesized in the bacterial cytoplasm and cross one membrane into the bacterial periplasm. (anl.gov)
- Autotransporter proteins then remain in an unfolded state in the periplasm until they pass through the outer bacterial membrane, folding properly along the way. (anl.gov)
- This highly specialized protein folding process has attracted the attention of a team of researchers who have used this bacterial system as a model to determine what allows these unique proteins to maintain their disordered state in the periplasm. (anl.gov)
- EF-G2's singular ability to sustain protein synthesis, albeit at slow rates, is crucial for bacterial gut colonization. (yale.edu)
Affinity purification1
- Strep -tagged proteins are expressed using the pQE TriSystem Vector and obtained at very high purity from cell lysates using Strep -Tactin Superflow Plus affinity purification procedures. (qiagen.com)
Atoms1
- We model a protein as a network of atoms connected by springs and deform it along the least-energy directions. (biorxiv.org)
Membrane-bound1
- The membrane-bound structure and functional ion channel activities of SARS-CoV-2 E were investigated. (medicalwritersnewshubb.com)
Complex5
- This phenomenon can be explained if Cdcp4 has more than one essential function or, alternatively, if two mutant proteins assemble to form a functional complex. (ubc.ca)
- 2007 ). Several Oxa1-type insertases in the ER serve as catalytically active core subunits in the ER membrane protein complex (EMC), the guided entry of tail-anchored (GET) and the GET- and EMC-like (GEL) complex. (tcdb.org)
- The trimeric Sec61/SecY complex is a protein-conducting channel (PCC) for secretory and membrane proteins. (cipsm.de)
- It belongs to a multimeric complex and is associated with other proteins.The pleiotropic actions of TSPO render this protein an interesting target in the nervous system. (uni-regensburg.de)
- This highly complex 'protein biogenesis' process is assisted by a diverse network of folding catalysts and protein-modifying enzymes and is scrutinized by molecular chaperones and other 'quality control' factors which ensure that only correctly folded and assembled proteins exit the ER and proceed to distal compartments of the secretory pathway. (stanford.edu)
Form11
- Mutations on a single gene, the huntingtin gene, lead to an incorrect form of the correspondent protein. (mpg.de)
- most prevalent and stable form of helical structure in naturally occurring proteins. (flashcardmachine.com)
- form, usually the most stable one. (equimount.com)
- NHS esters target primary amines on proteins to form stable amide bonds resulting in a protein conjugate and an NHS by product. (aatbio.com)
- Preactivated HRP-NHS esters react with primary amines on target proteins to form stable amide bonds. (aatbio.com)
- The TM domain, individually, did not form physiologically functional substructures of the viral E protein. (medicalwritersnewshubb.com)
- A tetrameric form of α S has also been identified in human tissues that has been postulated as the inactive storage form of this structurally dynamic protein due to its aggregation resistance [ 6 , 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Instead, damaged or incorrectly synthesized proteins must be rapidly and efficiently destroyed lest they form toxic aggregates. (stanford.edu)
- Strep- tagged proteins bind with high affinity and specificity to Strep- Tactin, an engineered form of streptavidin (see table Protein binding capacities of Strep- Tactin matrices). (qiagen.com)
- The drawing depicts a generic amyloid fibril precursor protein (1) in equilibrium with a partially unfolded, molten, globulelike form of the protein (2) and its completely denatured state (3). (medscape.com)
- Clinical Specimens form, functional, and practical means of reporting. (cdc.gov)
Interact1
Conformers2
- Low energy difference between the envelope (Cs symmetry) and twisted (C2 symmetry) conformations of the THF molecule leads to the interconversion between the two conformers. (researchgate.net)
- Results indicate three stable conformers: twisted trans (global energy minimum), twisted gauche- and twisted gauche+. (researchgate.net)
Residue2
- Palmitoylation of ≥1 cysteine residue promoted the formation of open and stable E protein pores. (medicalwritersnewshubb.com)
- Moreover, we uncover a 26-residue region unique to EF-G2 that is essential for protein synthesis, EF-G2 dissociation from the ribosome, and responsible for the absence of GTPase activity. (yale.edu)
Physiological1
- Because these primary amines are typically nucleophilic and positively charged, they have an outward facing conformation in physiological conditions. (aatbio.com)
Mitochondrial4
- The matrix exposed C-terminal α-helical domain of Oxa1 can bind mitochondrial ribosomes to facilitate co-translational insertion of proteins into the mitochondrial membrane ( Jia et al . (tcdb.org)
- Mitochondrial TAT transports folded proteins in those eukaryotes with TatA and TatC subunits encoded in the mitochondrial genome. (tcdb.org)
- The co-chaperone Hep1 is required to prevent the aggregation of mitochondrial Hsp70 proteins. (cipsm.de)
- TSPO is a ubiquitous mitochondrial protein and is involved in numerous biological functions. (uni-regensburg.de)
Structure14
- Proteins perform extremely specific functions which are dependent on their structure. (wikipedia.org)
- Our method guaranties preservation of the protein structure during the transition and allows to access conformations that are unreachable with classical normal mode analysis. (biorxiv.org)
- This allows us to produce a wide range of motions, some of them previously inaccessible, and to preserve the structure of the protein during the motion. (biorxiv.org)
- Nevertheless, experimental protein structure determination remains a time consuming and costly process. (biorxiv.org)
- With the help of cryo-electron microscopy, the recently awarded Nobel Prize winning method, researchers have now decoded the three-dimensional, molecular structure of the healthy human huntingtin protein. (mpg.de)
- An improved understanding of the structure and the function of the huntingtin protein could contribute to the development of new treatment methods in the future. (mpg.de)
- The second reason is that the huntingtin protein is very flexible in its structure. (mpg.de)
- Now that we know the exact structure of huntingtin, we can further study which areas of huntingtin are particularly important and how other proteins cooperate with huntingtin functionally. (mpg.de)
- Therefore, from the viewpoint of their lack of stable 3D structure, IDPs/IDPRs are inherently unstable. (usf.edu)
- To select the best crosslinking method for an experiment, it is imperative to understand the functional and compositional structure of proteins that make them favorable targets for modification. (aatbio.com)
- This makes them readily accessible and favorable targets for crosslinkers without denaturing the protein structure. (aatbio.com)
- And proteins, which are giant on the molecular scale, have several layers of structure that all overlap to make them less static and more dynamic, making predicting their binding behavior a tricky prospect. (sciencedaily.com)
- Evaluation of the new F23R variant demonstrated inhibition of β-sheet structure and, therefore, amyloid formation on the native C-terminal, phenomenon that was associated with functional optimization in calcium and cholesterol management coupled with the optimization of insulin secretion by beta cells. (phoenixpeptide.com)
- Autoaggregation through the beta domains initiates fibril formation (4), providing a template for ongoing deposition of precursor proteins and for the development of the stable, mainly beta-sheet, core structure of the fibril (5). (medscape.com)
Secretory2
- The vast majority of proteins entering the secretory pathway are synthesized on ribosomes docked at ER translocons and are co-transationally translocated into the ER lumen. (stanford.edu)
- Our goal is to elucidate the functional networks that coordinate protein synthesis and quality control in the early secretory pathway. (stanford.edu)
Hydrophobic collapse2
- Hydrophobic collapse may also reduce the affinity of conformationally flexible drugs to their protein targets by reducing the net hydrophobic contribution to binding by self association of different parts of the drug while in solution. (wikipedia.org)
- The driving force behind protein folding is not well understood, hydrophobic collapse is a theory, one of many, that is thought to influence how a nascent polypeptide will fold into its native state. (wikipedia.org)
Degradation1
- suggesting protein misfolding and degradation. (jneurosci.org)
Fold3
- Proteins that do not fold correctly are nonfunctional and contribute nothing to a biological system. (wikipedia.org)
- By using NMR spectroscopy, we demonstrate that purified Cdc4p is a monomeric protein with two structurally independent domains, each exhibiting a fold reminiscent of the EF-hand class of calcium-binding proteins. (ubc.ca)
- These methods dramatically increase the likelihood of producing proteins that cannot fold or assemble appropriately. (cipsm.de)
Mutations2
- For 25 years it has been known that mutations of the huntingtin gene, which is the blueprint for the same protein, cause Huntington's disease. (mpg.de)
- Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
Biological functions1
- Significance Statement Proteins perform their biological functions by changing their shapes and interacting with each other. (biorxiv.org)
Synthesis2
Adopts1
- The systematic description of the variety of shapes a protein adopts under particular environmental conditions, upon post-translational modifications and/or partner binding still remains out of reach. (biorxiv.org)
Molecular2
- Identifying the molecular states relevant to protein functioning is necessary for our understanding of biological processes. (biorxiv.org)
- Proteins are the molecular machines of the cell. (mpg.de)
Secrete1
Functionally1
- Here, we review current insights into the trans-acting factors that enable the genome to flexibly adopt different functionally relevant conformations. (biomedcentral.com)
Lysine1
- Proteins synthesized at the ER are subject to covalent modifications that include N- and O-glycosylation, disulfide bond formation, and in some cases, proline and lysine hydroxylation. (stanford.edu)
Coli5
- The latter can replace E. coli YidC for Sec-independent insertion of proteins ( Bloois et al . (tcdb.org)
- Here we demonstrate that PSRP1 is not a bona fide ribosomal protein, but rather a functional homologue of the Escherichia coli cold-shock protein pY. (cipsm.de)
- Our use of different hydrogen exchange methods to study three different types of intermediates of E. coli ribonuclease H (the acid molten globule, the higher energy conformations of the native state and a kinetic folding intermediate) has been particularly powerful. (berkeley.edu)
- E.coli was clearly more appropriate for these kinds of proteins. (europa.eu)
- High-throughput sequencing-RNA affinity profiling (HiTS-RAP) 22 is conceptually similar to RNA-MaP, but uses the E. coli replication terminator protein Tus to stall the RNA polymerase after transcribing the variable section of the DNA library. (nature.com)
Specific5
- A molecule in solution can be viewed as a structurally heterogeneous ensemble, where a finite number of conformational states ( e.g . active-inactive, bound-unbound) may become stable under certain conditions to perform specific tasks. (biorxiv.org)
- Lipid-free apoAI conformation (for specific phospholipid-binding, M.W.: 28 kDa). (pnnl.gov)
- Plastid-specific ribosomal proteins (PSRPs) have been proposed to play roles in the light-dependent regulation of chloroplast translation. (cipsm.de)
- The most critical feature of a crosslinker is its reactive ends which target specific functional groups on proteins. (aatbio.com)
- First, homobifunctional NHS esters have a disadvantage in site specific protein-protein conjugation techniques because of its inability to differentiate between amine groups on the target protein from those on the label protein. (aatbio.com)
Researchers3
- Researchers have reported that protein solubility has a close relationship with emulsifying properties ( Quaglia and Orban, 1990 ) and foaming properties ( Quaglia and Orban, 1987 , 1990 ). (scialert.net)
- In a recent study posted to the bioRxiv * preprint server, researchers investigated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) envelope (E) protein activity in terms of calcium cations (Ca2 + ) cations. (medicalwritersnewshubb.com)
- And the insights the researchers gleaned constitute a significant advance in the fundamental understanding of protein folding. (sciencedaily.com)
Native State1
- In addition to the native conformation, a protein sequence populates small fluctuations around the native state, partially unfolded forms and even the globally unfolded conformation. (berkeley.edu)