Functional tumor suppressor proteins. Medical search. Frequent questions

This gene encodes a protein which contains 2 WW domains and a short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase domain (SRD). (wikipedia.org)
In addition, there is evidence that this gene behaves as a suppressor of tumor growth. (wikipedia.org)
This gene provides instructions for producing a protein called menin. (medlineplus.gov)
This gene provides instructions for producing a protein that is involved in signaling within cells. (medlineplus.gov)
The protein encoded by this gene is a gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferase that catalyzes the conversion of glutathione to 5-oxoproline and cysteinylglycine. (nih.gov)
Along with comparisons to methylation groups defined by analyses that did not take CNVs into account, the group investigated further with CRISPR-based gene editing and other functional experiments. (genomeweb.com)
In contrast to meningiomas arising in neurofibromatosis type 2 patients missing an NF2 gene coding for the Merlin tumor suppressor protein, the researchers found that more than one-third of the meningiomas fell into a Merlin-intact group with the most favorable clinical outcomes and vulnerability to cytotoxic therapy. (genomeweb.com)
Cdk4-mediated phosphorylation of Rb protein is inhibited by p16, a product of a possible tumor suppressor gene. (nih.gov)
The number of encoded NBPF/DUF1220 repeats varies from 4 to 52 copies, depending on the gene member and the NBPF1 protein has 7 repeats [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the CMGC family of serine/threonine protein kinases. (cancerindex.org)
What does this gene/protein do? (cancerindex.org)
What pathways are this gene/protein implicaed in? (cancerindex.org)
RB1 encodes the protein pRB and was the first tumor suppressor gene to be molecularly defined. (medscape.com)
Neuroblastoma is a major childhood cancer arising from precursor cells of the sympathetic nervous system which is known to acquire deletions and alterations in the expression patterns of PTPRD , indicating a potential tumor suppressor function for this gene. (biomedcentral.com)
Ectopic up-regulation of PTPRD in neuroblastoma dephosphorylates tyrosine residues in AURKA resulting in a destabilization of this protein culminating in interfering with one of AURKA's primary functions in neuroblastoma, the stabilization of MYCN protein, the gene of which is amplified in approximately 25 to 30% of high risk neuroblastoma. (biomedcentral.com)
In order to further examine the possibility that PTPRD acts as a tumor suppressor gene in neuroblastoma, we initially analyzed the levels of PTPRD mRNA transcripts in a set of 88 neuroblastoma tumors using the R2: microarray analysis and visualization platform ( http://r2.amc.nl ) (University of Amsterdam). (biomedcentral.com)
The role of DNA methylation in the mediation of multiple tumor suppressor gene and microRNA silencing has been implicated in the development and progression of MM ( 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 1 (MEN-1), loss-of-function germline mutations in the tumor suppressor gene MEN1 increase the risk of developing pituitary, parathyroid and pancreatic islet tumors, and less commonly thymic carcinoids, lipomas and benign adrenocortical tumors. (intechopen.com)
Toward that end, Chen's lab will study the molecular basis of how the anti-cancer drug EGCG, an antioxidant found in green tea extract, and their derivatives interact with the p53 gene, a tumor suppressor and the most important protein involved in cancer. (umass.edu)
This gene has not previously been considered a candidate in LDD and further functional work is needed on this hitherto unsuspected pathway. (bmj.com)
With inherited diseases such as cystic fibrosis, mutations in the CFTR gene produce a protein that remains functional but is subject to excessive ubiquitination, leading to its rapid degradation via the proteasome. (businesswire.com)
Their pioneering work demonstrated the functional rescue of CFTR and of a second target, KCNQ1, a gene that when mutated causes Long QT syndrome. (businesswire.com)
The overgrown hematopoietic organs-31 tumor suppressor gene of Drosophila encodes an Importin-like protein accumulating in the nucleus at the onset of mitosis. (rupress.org)
The tumor suppressor gene overgrown hematopoietic organs-31 (oho31) of Drosophila encodes a protein with extensive homology to the Importin protein of Xenopus (50% identity), the related yeast SRP1 protein, and the mammalian hSRP1 and RCH1 proteins. (rupress.org)
The gene encodes a phosphoprotein of 522 amino acids made of three domains: a central hydrophobic domain of eight repeats of 42-44 amino acids each, displaying similarity to the arm motif found in junctional and nucleopore complex proteins, and flanked by two hydrophilic NH2- and COOH-terminal domains. (rupress.org)
William Kaelin, Jr. was in 1995 engaged in the study of the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor gene, and after isolation of the first full-length clone of the gene showed that it could suppress tumor growth in VHL mutant tumorigenic cell lines. (nobelprize.org)
Reprimo (RPRM), a downstream effector of p53-induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M, has been proposed as a putative tumor suppressor gene (TSG) and as a potential biomarker for non-invasive detection of gastric cancer (GC). (pucv.cl)
The aim of this study was to evaluate the epigenetic silencing of RPRM gene by promoter methylation and its tumor suppressor function in GC cell lines. (pucv.cl)
In clinical samples, RPRM gene protein expression was detected in 75% (15/20) of non-tumor adjacent mucosa, but only in 25% (5/20) of gastric tumor tissues (p = 0.001). (pucv.cl)
Loss of expression of RPRM gene protein product is associated with the invasive stage of GC. (pucv.cl)
A tumor suppressor gene, also known as anti-onco gene, is an essential component of the body's defense against cancer. (pharmiweb.com)
BACKGROUND: Loss of TP53 function through gene mutation is a critical event in the development and progression of many tumour types including colorectal cancer (CRC). (ox.ac.uk)
[ 1 ] His prediction was subsequently supported by the cloning of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene ( RB1 ) and by functional studies of the retinoblastoma protein, Rb. (medscape.com)
For example, the TP53 gene, located on chromosome 17, encodes a 53-kd nuclear protein that functions as a cell cycle checkpoint. (medscape.com)

The protein is also a famous tumor suppressor -- around half of human cancers have p53 mutations that render it defective or suboptimal. (sciencedaily.com)
These are as follows: sustained proliferative signalling, cell death resistance, replicative immortality, genome instability and increased mutations, tumour-promoted inflammation, insensibility to growth repressors, deregulation of cellular energetics, evasion of immune destruction, induction of metastasis, and promotion of angiogenesis. (hindawi.com)
TP53 mutations define a maladaptive pathway with enhanced leukemic potential by inactivating tumor suppressor checkpoints without correcting the ribosome defect. (nature.com)
To understand the molecular pathogenesis of MN in patients with SDS, we characterized the presence and dynamics of somatic mutations in serial, clinically annotated samples collected prospectively from patients enrolled in the North American SDS Registry and studied the functional consequences of recurrently mutated pathways. (nature.com)
References describing functional significance of mutations. (cdc.gov)
Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
Cancer is a complex genetic disease caused by abnormal alteration (mutations) in DNA sequences that leads to dyregulation of normal cellular processes thereby driving tumor growth. (intechopen.com)
Herein we selected a Mendelian genetics form of familial cancer such as hereditary tumor syndromic endocrine neoplasias caused by highly penetrant germline mutations leading to pheochromocytoma-paraganglioma syndromes. (intechopen.com)
In the case of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN 2), gain-of-function germline mutations clustered in specific codons of the RET proto-oncogene increase the risk of developing medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), phaeochromocytoma and parathyroid tumors. (intechopen.com)
We demonstrate that AKT and PI3K inhibitors may be effective in treatment of therapeutically resistant tumors with elevated AKT and carrying gain of function mutations in p53. (oncotarget.com)
These molecules are able to oxidize cellular macromolecules and DNA, potentially resulting in damage and mutations to proteins and genes that usually manage cell growth, proliferation or apoptosis. (5dok.net)
Many tumor suppressor proteins play a role in DNA repair, helping to correct genetic mutations and maintain the stability of the genome. (pharmiweb.com)
Because BRCA mutations are observed in fewer than 10% of cancer patients (cBioPortal: 6.7%) 11 , 12 , 13 the identification of additional genes that share synthetic lethal sensitivity relationships with mutated oncogenes or tumor suppressors would greatly enhance the implementation of tumor cell-specific synthetic lethal sensitivity to improve an anticancer therapeutic response. (nature.com)
Because most tumors are deficient in one or more aspects of the function of the p53 tumor suppressor, either as a consequence of mutations within p53, or impairment of upstream and downstream modulators of p53 activity 19 , targeting MK2 has the potential to selectively enhance tumor cell killing without increasing the genotoxic effects of chemotherapy on normal p53-wild type tissues. (nature.com)
MATERIALS AND METHODS: TP53 mutations within a large, international database of CRC (n = 3583) were classified according to functional status for transactivation. (ox.ac.uk)

PTEN encodes a protein kinase of the same name and functions as a tumor suppressor through regulation of cell proliferation. (medscape.com)

[ 5 ] and 34-36.4% of all primary brain tumors, making meningiomas the most common primary brain tumors. (medscape.com)

Functional categories of TP53 mutation in colorectal cancer: results of an International Collaborative Study. (ox.ac.uk)

Menin acts as a tumor suppressor, which means it normally keeps cells from growing and dividing too rapidly or in an uncontrolled way . (medlineplus.gov)

The encoded protein is more than 90% identical to the mouse protein, which is an essential mediator of tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced apoptosis, suggesting a similar, important role in apoptosis for the human protein. (wikipedia.org)
Functional assays comparing elephant and human cells showed that in response to DNA damage, cells from elephants had higher cell death (apoptosis) rates but didn't boost DNA repair mechanisms. (nih.gov)
CHAC2, downregulated in gastric and colorectal cancers, acted as a tumor suppressor inducing apoptosis and autophagy through unfolded protein response. (nih.gov)
Treatment of the MM cell line with the DNA methylation inhibitor 5‑Aza‑2'‑deoxycytidine (5‑Aza‑CdR) resulted in tumor cell proliferation inhibition, apoptosis induction and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. (spandidos-publications.com)

Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor delta (PTPRD) is a member of a large family of protein tyrosine phosphatases which negatively regulate tyrosine phosphorylation. (biomedcentral.com)
Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor delta ( PTPRD ) is an important regulator of axon growth and guidance and is highly expressed in the central nervous system where it functions as a transmembrane homophilic neuronal cell adhesion molecule [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Here we identify the tumor suppressor Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor-type kappa (Ptprk), as a Wnt inhibitor of the Spemann organizer. (elifesciences.org)

SWI/SNF‑related, matrix‑associated, actin‑dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily a, member 4 (SMARCA4)‑deficient non‑small cell lung cancer (dNSCLC) is a rare malignant tumor that originates in the lungs. (spandidos-publications.com)
The biological role and underlying mechanism of action of zinc-finger protein 326 (ZNF326) in malignant tumors, including breast cancer, are still not clear. (cancerindex.org)
Our results show that Chop is preferentially expressed in malignant cells and MDSC in s.c. mouse tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
Inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, whose products normally provide negative control of cell proliferation, contributes to malignant transformation in various cell types. (medscape.com)

While some patients experience spontaneous regression or differentiation of the tumor, others are affected by rapid and fatal tumor progression despite increasingly intensive treatment strategies [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
This kinase is a catalytic subunit of the protein kinase complex that is important for cell cycle G1 phase progression and G1/S transition. (cancerindex.org)
The role of YAP and TAZ in promoting tumor formation, progression, and resistance to therapy in lung cancer is emerging. (mdpi.com)
Wilms tumor 1-associated protein (WTAP) was investigated to be a poor prognosis factor and contributed to the progression of HCC via the HuR-ETS1-p21/p27 axis [ 14 ]. (hindawi.com)
The CDK4-cyclinD complex normally phosphorylates the retinoblastoma protein (Rb protein), leading to release of the E2F transcription factor and cell cycle progression. (medscape.com)

High mobility group B (HMGB) proteins have been previously related to the onset and progressions of cancers of different origins. (hindawi.com)
We examined the expression of p16 and Rb protein by means of immunohistochemistry in 61 non-small cell lung cancers and have demonstrated an inverse relationship between the expression of p16 and Rb protein: 28/30 specimens that did not stain for p16 stained for Rb and 21/31 p16-positive specimens did not stain for Rb. (nih.gov)
Interestingly, the 1p36 region is frequently deleted not only in NB, but also in other human cancer types, including those of neural, epithelial and hematopoietic origin, indicating that the same tumor suppressor genes might be involved in a broad range of human cancers [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
We will discuss three key proteins that function as tumor suppressors implicated in the development of pediatric (and some adult) cancers: pRB, p53, and PTEN. (medscape.com)
Targeting the Mdm2-p53 interaction represents an attractive approach for the treatment of cancers with functional p53. (bvsalud.org)
Another important class of tumor suppressor genes involved in cell cycle control and in the generation of human cancers is the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors. (medscape.com)

This process wrongly signals that there is a shortage of blood vessels and activates the formation of blood vessels, driving tumor growth. (ascopost.com)

This locus, however, also encodes a protein from an alternative reading frame, designated p19ARF. (medscape.com)

The team found certain types of tumors in mice were more vulnerable to radiation after being given a drug that blocks p53 levels from declining and oscillating. (sciencedaily.com)
Many different types of tumors are associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia. (medlineplus.gov)

The Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor-suppressor protein is not functional in about 90% of patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma, leading to accumulation of HIF proteins inside the tumor cell. (ascopost.com)

TP53 codes for the protein p53, a crucial tumor suppressor that stops cells with damaged DNA from dividing. (nih.gov)
TP53 encodes the protein p53, which is known as the "guardian of the genome. (medscape.com)
[ 5 ] Targeted disruption of TP53 in the mouse leads to the development of various tumors. (medscape.com)
Patients with Dukes' C stage tumours appeared to gain a survival benefit from 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy regardless of TP53 functional status for transactivation ability. (ox.ac.uk)
The p19ARF protein, which is encoded by the same locus as p16, also leads to cell cycle arrest by inhibiting the ability of MDM2 to inactivate TP53. (medscape.com)

The therapeutic value of augmenting protein stabilization has also been demonstrated with proteasome inhibitors. (businesswire.com)
In these studies, proteasome inhibitors were able to increase levels of deficient proteins across a range of targets and organ systems. (businesswire.com)
However, because proteasome inhibitors globally inhibit protein degradation in a non-specific manner, their use outside of oncology is limited by poor tolerability, highlighting the need for targeted approaches. (businesswire.com)
The concept has now been extended to embrace synthetic lethal drug sensitivity, such as that observed with PARP inhibitors in combination with DNA-damaging chemotherapy in a variety of BRCA defective tumors 10 . (nature.com)
Occupational exposure limits with proteins such as topoisomerase inhibitors, and mitotic and meiotic spindle poisons. (cdc.gov)

Tumor suppressor genes encode proteins that normally provide negative control of cell proliferation. (medscape.com)
The Popeye domain containing (POPDC) genes encode sarcolemma-localized cAMP effector proteins. (imperial.ac.uk)

The loss of functional menin allows cells to divide too frequently, leading to the formation of tumors characteristic of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. (medlineplus.gov)
Changes in the redox state of cells affect proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids in different ways. (hindawi.com)
U]sing bioinformatic pipelines that account for the impact of CNVs on beta methylation detection, we identify three robust DNA methylation groups of meningiomas with distinct clinical outcomes, biological drivers, and therapeutic vulnerabilities," Raleigh wrote, adding that "ours is the first meningioma epigenetic study to validate all the bioinformatic groups we report using mechanistic and functional approaches across meningioma cells, organoids, xenografts, and patients. (genomeweb.com)
Decreased expression of NBPF1 in neuroblastoma cell lines with loss of 1p36 heterozygosity and the marked decrease of anchorage-independent clonal growth of DLD1 colorectal carcinoma cells with induced NBPF1 expression further suggest that NBPF1 functions as tumor suppressor. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition, proteome analysis of NBPF1-overexpressing DLD1 cells identified 32 differentially expressed proteins, of which several are implicated in carcinogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
Neuroblastoma is derived from primitive cells of the sympathetic nervous system, and is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children accounting for 15% of all childhood cancer deaths [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Interestingly, injection of tumor cells having functional Chop into systemic Chop -/- mice or Chop null bone marrow chimeric mice resulted in a significant anti-tumor effect mediated by CD8 + T cells, suggesting the importance of MDSC-Chop in tumor-induced tolerance. (biomedcentral.com)
Second, a suite of biochemical and functional assays is used to monitor the ubiquitination and functional status of target proteins in cells. (businesswire.com)
4 While proteins can be phosphorylated on nine amino acids, serine, threonine and tyrosine phosphorylation are by far the most predominant in eukaryotic cells. (ac.be)
1 BL tumour cells usually express IgM, 13 - 15 B-cell markers such as CD19, CD20 and CD22 and markers of germinal centre (GC) centroblasts such as CD10, BCL6 4 and the human germinal centre-associated lymphoma (HGAL) protein. (bmj.com)
17 - 22 The cell surface phenotype of BL tumour cells reflects a GC origin but the site of tumour growth is frequently the jaw or ovary, neither of which normally contain GCs. (bmj.com)
However, the tumour cells have undergone hypermutation, 21 23 a feature of the GC reaction during B-cell activation and differentiation. (bmj.com)
Cells are potent to go under abnormal growth processes and finally lead to tumor/cancer. (pharmiweb.com)
Tumor suppressors are involved in regulating the cell cycle, ensuring that cells only divide when necessary and that the process is tightly controlled. (pharmiweb.com)
Tumor suppressor genes can promote cellular senescence, a state in which cells stop dividing, preventing the replication of damaged DNA. (pharmiweb.com)
Some tumor suppressor proteins are involved in maintaining cell adhesion, preventing cells from breaking away and spreading to other parts of the body (metastasis). (pharmiweb.com)
Recent work has shown that these proteins are also involved in hormonal regulation of breast cancer cells. (ucsc.edu)
These changes can be inherited and are, therefore, found in every cell, but more often, they are somatically acquired and restricted to tumor cells. (medscape.com)
Initial exponential tumor growth is followed by a plateau phase when cell death nearly equals the rate of formation of daughter cells. (msdmanuals.com)
Small tumors have a greater percentage of actively dividing cells than do large tumors. (msdmanuals.com)
GEP analyses were performed on highly purified, flow-cytometry sorted tumor-cells from eight subgroups of BCLs. (lu.se)
This enabled identification of TFs that can be uniquely associated to the tumor cells of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), follicular lymphoma (FL), hairy cell leukemia (HCL), and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). (lu.se)
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a nonmelanocytic skin cancer (ie, an epithelial tumor) that arises from basal cells (ie, small, round cells found in the lower layer of the epidermis). (medscape.com)

Aberrant splicing of the 5' UTR also has been noted in neuroblastoma cell lines and primary tumors, which could potentially cause destabilization of the mRNA sequence [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

This kinase, as well as CDK4, has been shown to phosphorylate, and thus regulate the activity of, tumor suppressor protein Rb. (cancerindex.org)
Hinck's lab has identified a family of cellular proteins that help regulate cell proliferation and migration and act as breast tumor suppressors. (ucsc.edu)

Driver events in pediatric malignancies can occur through loss of function in tumor suppressor genes or gain of function in proto-oncogenes. (medscape.com)
In addition, these alterations affect 3 principal categories of genes, as follows: proto-oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and DNA repair genes. (medscape.com)
This article briefly discusses tumor suppressor genes and then focuses on the role of proto-oncogenes in childhood cancer. (medscape.com)

Here, we show that the integrin effector protein Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) is dispensable for normal intestinal homeostasis and DNA damage signaling, but is essential for intestinal regeneration following DNA damage. (cardiff.ac.uk)

With a series of follow-up analyses, the investigators saw signs that tumors classified into poor- or intermediate-outcome groups may be particularly apt to respond to cell cycle inhibitor treatments. (genomeweb.com)
Analysis of human tumors indicates that phospho-S48-NPM may be a useful biomarker for monitoring AKT activity and in vivo efficacy of AKT inhibitor treatment. (oncotarget.com)
The p16INK4A protein is a cell-cycle inhibitor that acts by inhibiting activated cyclin D:CDK4/6 complexes, which play a crucial role in the control of the cell cycle by phosphorylating Rb protein. (medscape.com)

However, tumor recurrence and drug resistance are the main problems in the treatment of RCC. (biomedcentral.com)

The Histone acetyltransferases (HATs) of the MYST family are highly conserved from yeast to humans and function exclusively in multisubunit protein complexes [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

To probe the effects of p53 behavior, the team used an experimental anti-cancer drug to inhibit MDM2, a protein that degrades p53. (sciencedaily.com)
So, the team explored whether manipulating p53 dynamics could increase tumor vulnerability, focusing on human colon cancer cell lines with unmutated, functional p53. (sciencedaily.com)
Having only one functional allele causes Li-Fraumeni syndrome, which is characterized by a more than 90% lifetime risk of cancer. (nih.gov)
This review describes recent advances in the role of human HMGB proteins and other proteins interacting with them, in cancerous processes related to oxidative stress, with special reference to ovarian and prostate cancer. (hindawi.com)
Considering this genetic defect and the frequent genomic alterations of the NBPF1 locus in several cancer types, we hypothesized that NBPF1 is a tumor suppressor. (biomedcentral.com)
NB tumors are derived from the sympathetic nervous system and account for approximately 15% of cancer deaths in children [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
As a molecular mechanism, we demonstrate that PTPRD interacts with aurora kinase A (AURKA), an oncogenic protein that is over-expressed in multiple forms of cancer, including neuroblastoma. (biomedcentral.com)
lncRNA MEG3 has been identified as a tumor suppressor in various types of cancer, including meningioma ( 12 ), breast cancer ( 13 ), bladder cancer ( 14 ) and hepatocellular carcinoma ( 15 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Suppression of anti-tumor T cell responses by MDSC remains a significant barrier in cancer immunotherapy. (biomedcentral.com)
This illustration shows the dynamic interactions of anti-cancer drug EGCG with the transactivation domain (TAD) of tumor suppressor protein p53. (umass.edu)
They make up about one-third of proteins that human bodies make, Chen explains, and two-thirds of cancer-associated proteins contain large, disordered segments or domains. (umass.edu)
Excess ubiquitination is also a feature of cancer, where E3 ubiquitin ligases - enzymes that add ubiquitin to proteins - are frequently upregulated or amplified, driving the degradation of tumor suppressor proteins. (businesswire.com)
Thus, for cancer scenarios where the standard-of-care options are poor (e.g., drug resistance, metastasis), drug assignments based on the mutational landscape of a patient's tumor can sometimes provide significant benefit, and are a very active research topic in clinical trials and translational medicine [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Our discovery of PTPRK as a negative regulator of Wnt receptor turnover provides a rationale for its tumor suppressive function and reveals that in PTPRK-RSPO3 recurrent cancer fusions both fusion partners, in fact, encode ZNRF3 regulators. (elifesciences.org)
Immunohistochemical images of cancer and normal tissue were downloaded from Human Protein Atlas ( http://www.proteinatlas.org/ ). (biomedcentral.com)
The Haussler lab's cancer genomics program provides a complete pipeline for analysis of DNA and RNA sequences from tumor samples. (ucsc.edu)
An important development in cancer research over the past 2 decades has been the recognition that genetic changes drive the pathogenesis of tumors of both adulthood and childhood. (medscape.com)
Resolving the Pathogenesis of Anaplastic Wilms Tumors through Spatial Mapping of Cancer Cell Evolution. (lu.se)

If the tumors become cancerous, the condition can be life-threatening. (medlineplus.gov)

1 Neoplasms, or more commonly tumors, are the result of aberrant growth of tissue. (5dok.net)

and a surprising ability to prime T cell proliferation and induce anti-tumor effects. (biomedcentral.com)
To therapeutically block Chop in tumors, we used a specific liposomal-encapsulated siRNA, which successfully blocked Chop expression and induced anti-tumor effects. (biomedcentral.com)
We show that loss of the DNA repair protein XPA markedly augments the synthetic lethality between MK2 and p53, enhancing anti-tumor responses alone and in combination with cisplatin chemotherapy. (nature.com)

The SBDS protein promotes formation of the mature, translationally active 80S ribosome by cooperating with the GTPase EFL1 to catalyze the removal of EIF6 from the 60S ribosomal subunit. (nature.com)
We also show that ARF promotes p53 mutant stability in tumors and suppresses p73 mediated p21 expression and senescence. (oncotarget.com)
Co-expression of specific inhibitory proteins promotes cell survival and growth. (ox.ac.uk)

Delivery of siRNA-peptide nanoplexes co-targeting MK2 and XPA to pre-existing p53-deficient tumors in a highly aggressive, immunocompetent mouse model of lung adenocarcinoma improves long-term survival and cisplatin response beyond those of the synthetic lethal p53 mutant/MK2 combination alone. (nature.com)
Tumors that developed in mice deficient in INK4A were enhanced by the topical application of carcinogens and ultraviolet light. (medscape.com)

On the other hand, the team classified 28 percent of the tumors into a hypermitotic meningioma group linked to cytotoxic therapy resistance and poor outcomes. (genomeweb.com)
In several instances, tumour sites cytotoxic agents. (who.int)

Mdm2 antagonizes the tumor suppressor p53. (bvsalud.org)
The scaffold protein ß-arrestin2 (ß-arr2) regulates tumor suppressor p53 by counteracting Mdm2. (bvsalud.org)

Biopsy of the tumor showed solid flaky, nest‑like infiltrating growth. (spandidos-publications.com)
A total of 67% of patients received both prior anti-PD-1 (programmed cell death protein 1) and anti-VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) agents. (ascopost.com)
Accordingly, depletion of Gr-1 + MDSC restored tumor growth in Chop -/- mice, while it prevented tumor growth in wild type mice, confirming functional differences in MDSC from wild type and Chop -/- mice. (biomedcentral.com)
Ectopic expression of IL-6 in tumors restored tumor growth, MDSC suppression, and C/EBPβ and phospho-STAT-3 levels in Chop -/- mice, suggesting the role of this pathway in the effects induced by Chop deletion. (biomedcentral.com)
Tumor suppressor genes code for proteins that inhibit cell division and growth, acting as a control mechanism to prevent excessive cell proliferation. (pharmiweb.com)
The slowing in growth rate may be related to exhaustion of the supply of nutrients and oxygen for the rapidly expanding tumor. (msdmanuals.com)
Two different growing patterns of sphenoid wing meningioma have been described: meningioma en masse, forming a nodular space-occupying lesion, and meningioma en plaque, which is flat and demonstrates a carpet-like growth pattern. (medscape.com)

We aim to study the coupling between LTCC and β adrenergic receptors in different cardiomyocyte microdomains, the distinct involvement of PKA and CAMKII (Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II) and explore how this functional complex is disrupted in heart failure.Methods:Global signaling between LTCCs and β adrenergic receptors was assessed with whole-cell current recordings and western blot analysis. (imperial.ac.uk)
Although intracellular signal transduction is often portrayed as a protein kinase 'domino effect', the counterbalancing function of phosphatases, and thus the control of phosphatase activity, is equally relevant to proper regulation of cellular function. (ac.be)
In response to DNA damage, a synthetic lethal relationship exists between the cell cycle checkpoint kinase MK2 and the tumor suppressor p53. (nature.com)

The protein HMGB1 behaves as a redox sensor and its structural changes, which are conditioned by the oxidative environment, are associated with different functions of the protein. (hindawi.com)
Functional assays suggest that RPRM behaves as a TSG. (pucv.cl)

Hyperparathyroidism is the most common feature, followed by tumors of the pituitary gland, additional endocrine glands, and other organs. (medlineplus.gov)

We demonstrated that NBPF1 exerts different tumor suppressive effects, depending on the cell line analyzed, and provide new clues into the molecular mechanism of the enigmatic NBPF proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
We aimed to determine the role of the common stress sensor C/EBP-homologous-stress-related protein (Chop), a downstream product of integrated stress responses, as a master regulator of MDSC-suppressive activity. (biomedcentral.com)

Although carcinogenic roles for the INK4B, INK4C, INK4D, CIP1, KIP1, and KIP2 genes appear to be limited, INK4A is among the most commonly mutated genes in human tumors. (medscape.com)

NEW YORK - New research from a University of California at San Francisco-led team has identified three DNA methylation-based meningioma groups with an epigenetic profiling study that took into account other molecular features including copy number variant (CNV) profiles of the primary intracranial tumors. (genomeweb.com)

This disorder seems to provide some unique functional advantage, and that's why we have so much disorder in certain kinds of proteins," Chen says. (umass.edu)
The modification of m 6 A is conducted by three kinds of proteins: methyltransferases (called "writers"), m 6 A-binding proteins (called "readers"), and demethylases (called "erasers") [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)

The terms 'neoplasm' and 'tumour' are used interchangeably. (who.int)

The two-hit hypothesis has now been adopted as a key mechanism for the loss of function of tumor suppressors leading to oncogenesis. (medscape.com)
The molecular mechanism, however, by which PTPRD renders a tumor suppressor effect in neuroblastoma is unknown. (biomedcentral.com)
PTPRD has a tumor suppressor function in neuroblastoma through AURKA dephosphorylation and destabilization and a downstream destabilization of MYCN protein, representing a novel mechanism for the function of PTPRD in neuroblastoma. (biomedcentral.com)
In our lab we utilize a variety of biochemical, biophysical and molecular biology methodologies to study the mechanism and significance of protein unfolding and misfolding. (tau.ac.il)
1 Reversible protein phosphorylation is an important regulatory mechanism that controls the activities of a myriad of proteins and is thus involved in virtually every major physiological process. (ac.be)

All other numbering was relative to the full-length open reading frame of A/goose/Guangdong/1/1996 protein sequences. (cdc.gov)

2 Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a very abundant - it accounts for as much as 1% of total cellular proteins - ubiquitous and remarkably conserved enzyme. (ac.be)

Deciding whether a missense allelic variant affects protein function is important in many contexts. (nih.gov)
The DNA-binding residues are conserved in Tudor domains of the RBBP1 protein family, resulting in conservation of the DNA-binding function in the RBBP1 Tudor domains. (rcsb.org)
Protein levels of CDKN1A -encoded p21 CIP1/WAF1 were determined by western blotting and the importance of p53 was shown by immunofluorescence and by a loss-of-function approach. (biomedcentral.com)
We further demonstrate that PTPRD has a tumor suppressor function in neuroblastoma through dephosphorylating and destabilizing AURKA, leading to a downstream decrease of MYCN protein. (biomedcentral.com)
Until relatively recently, it was thought that proteins needed to adopt a well-defined structure to perform their biological function. (umass.edu)
But about two decades ago, Chen explains, IDPs were recognized as a new class of proteins that rely on a lack of stable structures to function. (umass.edu)
Our goal is really trying to combine simulation and experiments in collaboration with other labs to tease out what are the hidden features of these disordered proteins that are crucial to their function," Chen says. (umass.edu)
Stablix possesses a first-in-category platform that can restore protein stability and function in a target-selective manner," said Carlo Rizzuto, Ph.D., partner at Versant and acting CEO of Stablix. (businesswire.com)
Tumor suppressor function was examined through functional assays. (pucv.cl)
A "no-hybrids" screen for functional antagonizers of human p53 transactivator function: dominant negativity in fission yeast. (ox.ac.uk)

Yet, levels of this sentinel protein are often similar in tissues with vastly different sensitivities to radiation, posing the question: How is p53 involved? (sciencedaily.com)
tumors can also develop in other organs and tissues. (medlineplus.gov)
It is unclear why these tumors preferentially affect endocrine tissues. (medlineplus.gov)
This unchecked cell division can lead to the formation of tumors in endocrine glands and other tissues. (medlineplus.gov)
Thereafter, the OHO31 protein is predominantly expressed, albeit at reduced levels, in proliferating tissues. (rupress.org)

We were able to connect differences in temporal p53 expression with radiation response, and these insights allowed us to 'coax' radioresistant tumors into more radiosensitive ones," said co-corresponding author Ralph Weissleder, the Thrall Family Professor of Radiology and HMS professor of systems biology at Mass General. (sciencedaily.com)
The distinct characteristics of SMARCA4-dNSCLC were first proposed in 2017 by Agaimy et al ( 1 ) who highlighted the expression of cytokeratin 7 (CK7) and the loss of the BRG1 protein as the defining features of the disease. (spandidos-publications.com)
Our results indirectly support the theory that p16 expression is negatively regulated by the functional Rb protein. (nih.gov)
Overexpression of XPO1 results in increased nuclear export of tumor suppressor proteins (TSPs) leading to their functional inactivation, and enhanced expression of Bcl-2 family members and c-Myc. (confex.com)
Selective expression of Chop was also detected in tumor-infiltrating MDSC from colon carcinoma patients. (biomedcentral.com)
Protein expression of RPRM was evaluated in 20 tumor and non-tumor matched cases. (pucv.cl)
Reduced expression levels of MYST HATs except KAT8 were significantly associated with high tumor grade and advanced TNM stage in KIRC, and showed a significant association with an unfavorable prognosis in patients with KIRC. (biomedcentral.com)
Expression of functional full-length human p53 is conditionally lethal to the screen reporter strains. (ox.ac.uk)

Anatomy18

Organisms8

Diseases30

Chemicals and Drugs96

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment29

Phenomena and Processes74

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care1

Gene34

Mutations15

Functions as a tumor suppressor1

Brain tumors1

Mutation1

Acts as a tumor1

Apoptosis4

Tyrosine phosphatase3

Malignant4

Progression5

Cancers6

Driving tumor growth1

Encodes a protein1

Types of tumors2

Hippel-Lindau1

TP535

Inhibitors5

Genes encode2

Cells23

Neuroblastoma cell lines1

Regulate2

Oncogenes3

Effector1

Inhibitor3

Recurrence1

Humans1

Cancer18

Cancerous1

Neoplasms1

Anti-tumor3

Promotes3

Deficient2

Cytotoxic2

MDM22

Growth7

Kinase3

Behaves2

Pituitary1

Suppressive2

Commonly1

Methylation1

Kinds of proteins2

Neoplasm1

Mechanism5

Sequences1

Cellular proteins1

Function10

Tissues5

Expression8