• We isolated four categories of cells from mammary epithelium of female calves: bromodeoxyuridine label retaining epithelial cells (LREC) from basal (LRECb) and embedded layers (LRECe), and epithelial control cells from basal and embedded layers. (frontiersin.org)
  • Cells which lack ER expression at diagnosis arise from an ER compart- were harvested at 60 - 80% confluency and used as a reference in all hybrid- ment within the mammary epithelium or represent evolution from an izations. (lu.se)
  • Current model of the mechanisms controlling glucose concentrations in the surface liquid lining the airway and distal lung epithelium. (ersjournals.com)
  • IPF is characterized by damaged distal lung epithelium with excessive tissue scarring and extracellular matrix remodeling. (lu.se)
  • We found that YT have different interaction partners in the proximal and distal lung epithelium and further identified specific YT interactions in the human fibrotic lung epithelium. (lu.se)
  • Covered in respiratory epithelium and mucous cells, this is the most substantial part of the nasal cavity. (nih.gov)
  • Our findings indicated that regular, long-term physical activity in CF improves respiratory function, metabolism, and inflammation status. (hindawi.com)
  • Respiratory muscle training, physiotherapy, and moderate physical activity have been shown to improve respiratory function in patients with CF [ 4 - 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • There have been significant advances in the genetic epidemiology of lung function, but the causal genetic variants and causal genes, and the mechanisms by which they influence lung function, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and other respiratory diseases remain incompletely understood. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • ASL glucose concentrations are the net result of diffusion of glucose from blood and interstitial fluid across the respiratory epithelium into the ASL, and removal of glucose from ASL by epithelial glucose transport processes. (ersjournals.com)
  • Lung macrophages have a critical role in host defense to respiratory pathogens. (nih.gov)
  • Abnormal differentiation of the respiratory epithelium is a feature of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). (bmj.com)
  • Modulating the cytokine network in thickening of the basement membrane underlying the respiratory diseases such as asthma, with expected airway epithelium. (cdc.gov)
  • Death was attributed to respiratory failure triggered by partial obstruction of the tracheal lumen with precipitated dust particles, denuded tracheal epithelium, acute obliterative bronchiolitis, interstitial pneumonitis, pulmonary edema, and hemorrhage. (cdc.gov)
  • The MITF protein helps control the development and function of pigment-producing cells called melanocytes . (medlineplus.gov)
  • Grill C, Bergsteinsdottir K, Ogmundsdottir MH, Pogenberg V, Schepsky A, Wilmanns M, Pingault V, Steingrimsson E. MITF mutations associated with pigment deficiency syndromes and melanoma have different effects on protein function. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Research suggests that one function of myosin VIIA is to carry small sacs of pigment (called melanosomes) within the RPE. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The SERPINF1 gene encodes the retinoprotective pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF). (nih.gov)
  • receptor cells nourished by pigment epithelium II. (9dok.org)
  • Olfaction requires orthonasal or retronasal airflow to transport odor-bearing particles up to the olfactory epithelium located at the apex of the nasal cavity. (nih.gov)
  • In addition to the olfactory neurons, the epithelium is composed of supporting cells, Bowman glands and ducts unique to the olfactory epithelium, and basal cells that allow for the regeneration of the epithelium, including the olfactory sensory neurons. (medscape.com)
  • Originally thought to behave as supporting cells for the lung epithelium and endothelium with a singular f. (researchgate.net)
  • FcRn expressed in endosomal compartment of intestinal epithelium, vascular endothelium and macrophages regulates the serum IgG levels by binding to the pinocytosed antibodies and recirculating them to cell surface without intracellular degradation. (academie-medecine.fr)
  • Myosin VIIA probably plays a role in the development and maintenance of this tissue, which supports and nourishes the retina. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Several functional components of the epithelium contribute to this unique role, among them the secretion of a mucus layer and life-long regeneration of the different epithelial cell types from a stem cell compartment, allowing for quick repair of barrier defects 2 . (nature.com)
  • Thus, blockade of activating FcγR inhibits binding of opsonized antigens, induction of effector functions and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines by macrophages, and degranulation of granulocytes. (academie-medecine.fr)
  • In conditions such as like ITP that is autoantibody-mediated, IVIG Fc fragmentmediated competitive blockade of activating FcγR might inhibit: binding of opsonized antigens, induction of effector functions and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines by macrophages, and degranulation of granulocytes [1, 12]. (academie-medecine.fr)
  • The tight junction-based paracellular pathway plays an important role in saliva secretion. (bvsalud.org)
  • Asthma is a reversible airway obstruction that is characterized by constriction of airway smooth muscle, Abstract hyper secretion of mucus, edema and airway hyper responsiveness (AHR), mucus secretion and thickening of the basement membrane underlying the airway epithelium. (cdc.gov)
  • Pathophysiologically, asthma exert different effects at different concentrations, can is characterized by constriction of airway smooth synergize or antagonize the effects of other cytokines muscle, hyper secretion of mucus, edema and airway and regulated in a complex manner and function via hyper responsiveness (AHR),[3] mucus secretion and cytokine cascade. (cdc.gov)
  • Alterations consisted of acute bronchiolitis, interstitial pneumonitis, proliferation of alveolar cells, and hyperplasia of the tracheal epithelium with hypermucous secretion. (cdc.gov)
  • They also kill intestinal epithelium. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Destruction of the intestinal epithelium is important because this is the site of nutrient absorption, part of our immune system and it has other biological functions that play a role in human health. (sciencedaily.com)
  • We show that DNMT3A plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis and gut barrier function. (nature.com)
  • These data demonstrate a critical role for DNMT3A in orchestrating intestinal epithelial homeostasis and response to tissue damage and suggest an involvement of impaired epithelial DNMT3A function in the etiology of IBD. (nature.com)
  • The exact role of DNMT3A in the context of intestinal inflammation has not been investigated so far. (nature.com)
  • We subsequently identified the choroid plexus epithelium (CP) within the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier as the site of communication between the brain and the immune system under physiology, and the potential entry site for immune cells facilitating brain repair(9, 17). (weizmann.ac.il)
  • YT play a role in fibrotic fibroblasts, but their role is not yet known in the fibrotic lung epithelium. (lu.se)
  • The aim of this thesis project is to develop the tools needed to explore the role of Hippo-YT in fibrotic lung epithelium and to identify the TFs that YT interact with to exert their various functions. (lu.se)
  • We further found the Hippo pathway to be dysregulated in the fibrotic lung epithelium which led to increases in nuclear YT as well as known downstream targets. (lu.se)
  • Interestingly, we found epithelial YT signaling to be actively involved in extracellular matrix remodeling in the fibrotic lung epithelium through modulation of lysyl oxidase expression, a collagen crosslinking enzyme. (lu.se)
  • In the skin, NF-KB regulates cell growth in the stratified epithelium and apoptosis. (medscape.com)
  • We have also found that Wnt5a is critical for normal T cell development: Wnt5a produced in the thymic stromal epithelium alters canonical B-catenin signaling in thymocytes and regulates the survival of ab lineage cells by altering Bax and Bcl2 expression. (umassmed.edu)
  • We have previously shown that alcohol up-regulates TLR2 in the airway epithelium. (cdc.gov)
  • Conclusions: Alcohol up-regulates TLR2 through a NO/cGMP/PKG dependent pathway in the airway epithelium. (cdc.gov)
  • Apoptosis, as the most common type of programmed cell death during embryonic development, plays a number of key roles during odontogenesis, ranging from the budding of the oral epithelium during tooth initiation, to later tooth germ morphogenesis and removal of enamel knot signaling center. (muni.cz)
  • We discuss the regulatory roles that apoptosis plays on various cellular processes during odontogenesis. (muni.cz)
  • The basal layer fosters the epithelial stem cells in order to provide constant renewal of the epithelium. (wikipedia.org)
  • The tonofilaments play a role in the attachment of the basal layer to the basement membrane via desmosomes. (wikipedia.org)
  • The superficial layer of transitional epithelium is connected to the basal layer via cellular projections, such as intermediate filaments protruding from the cellular membrane. (wikipedia.org)
  • The cells in the superficial layer of the transitional epithelium are highly differentiated, allowing for maintenance of this barrier membrane. (wikipedia.org)
  • To help achieve this, the cells of transitional epithelium are connected by tight junctions, or virtually impenetrable junctions that seal together to the cellular membranes of neighboring cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • This gene provides instructions for making a protein that plays a role in the development, survival, and function of certain types of cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In addition, data from in vitro studies on lung cells were consistent with an anti-inflammatory function of adiponectin [ 11 , 12 ], and adiponectin-deficient mouse models develop lung function impairment and systemic inflammation [ 13 , 14 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Epithelia are layers of cells that cover the surface of our bodies and internal organs. (pasteur.fr)
  • ST13 is mostly expressed in colorectal epithelia and adenocarcinoma cells. (prospecbio.com)
  • ST13 functions to promote the efficiency of glucocorticoid receptor maturation in cells. (prospecbio.com)
  • This type of movement ensures an essential function of epithelia, a barrier, which is lost when cells lose connection and move in isolation. (ca.gov)
  • Traction force analysis revealed an important role of forces that cells in the leading rows exert on the substratum. (ca.gov)
  • Both circulating monocyte-derived macrophages, and helper T cells were shown to have crucial and beneficial roles. (weizmann.ac.il)
  • The role of immune system components in controlling neurogenesis was further extended by our demonstration of direct cross-talk between myeloid cells and neural stem cells, and stem cell expression of immune receptors (13). (weizmann.ac.il)
  • HGF is produced and secreted by adjacent stromal and mesenchymal cells, it contributes to the development of epithelial organs in a paracrine fashion, exerts regenerative effects on epithelia in the liver, kidney, lung, and other tissues, and promotes the regression of fibrosis in numerous organs ( 7 , 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Here, we summarize recent knowledge about the distribution and function of apoptotic cells during odontogenesis in several vertebrate lineages, with a special focus on amniotes (mammals and reptiles). (muni.cz)
  • Smaller amounts of leptin are also secreted by cells in the epithelium of the stomach and in the placenta. (thermofisher.com)
  • Loss of Dystroglycan function in follicle and disc epithelia results in expansion of apical markers to the basal side of cells and overexpression results in a reduced apical localization of these same markers. (lu.se)
  • The main function of DAF is to protect cells from complement-mediated cytolysis and it also plays a role in T cell activation. (lu.se)
  • During the process of airway inflammation, complex interactions of innate and adaptive immune cells as well as structural cells and their cytokines have many important roles. (cdc.gov)
  • The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge about the possible roles of newly identified helper T cells derived cytokines (IL-9, 17, 22, 25 and IL-33) in asthma. (cdc.gov)
  • Th9 cells were first identified as a Th2 subpopulation have many important roles. (cdc.gov)
  • To our knowledge, these findings are the first to demonstrate a specific role for TGF-β signaling in the lung epithelium in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. (jci.org)
  • Patients with CF show a severe decline of pulmonary function related to chronic airway inflammation [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Here, we consider a newly identified role for pulmonary glucose transport in maintaining low airway surface liquid (ASL) glucose concentrations and propose that this contributes to lung defence against infection. (ersjournals.com)
  • However, much subsequent research in this area was focused on the role of pulmonary SGLT transport as a modifier of lung liquid volume [ 3 , 4 ], and the effects of starvation and diabetes on glucose transport [ 1 , 5 ]. (ersjournals.com)
  • Th17 cell may have a role in severe asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). (cdc.gov)
  • We have recently generated Wnt5a-conditional mice, and will continue to explore the role of non-canonical Wnt5a signaling in tumor suppression and in inhibiting the canonical Wnt/B-catenin signaling pathway. (umassmed.edu)
  • The HGF‑Met signaling pathway contributes in a paracrine manner to the development of epithelial organs, exerts regenerative effects on the epithelium, and promotes the regression of fibrosis in numerous organs. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Right now, the most common theory is that the disease could potentially be triggered by an initial injury to the lung epithelium which in turn induces an abnormal repair pathway, leading to d amage of the lung. (lu.se)
  • In this chapter, ocular lesions of fetal and child FCMD patients are presented, especially focusing on pathological findings of the retina, and functions of fukutin are discussed. (intechopen.com)
  • Recent studies found that the protein likely retains enough function in the retina to allow for normal vision, but not enough function in the inner ear to permit normal hearing. (medlineplus.gov)
  • This exposure results in a regulated, dose-dependent loss of epithelial barrier function in the lung epithelial monolayers. (nih.gov)
  • Smoke-induced losses of macromolecular barrier function are the result of multicellular junctional reorganization, resulting in increased leak volume rather than leak frequency. (nih.gov)
  • Our results demonstrate that the smoke-induced loss of epithelial barrier function in human bronchial epithelium is a regulated process rather than a cytotoxic response. (nih.gov)
  • Impaired epithelial barrier function is regarded as a key feature of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) 3 . (nature.com)
  • These results indicate that ZO-1 and -2 play crucial roles in both basal salivary epithelial barrier function and TRPV1-modulated paracellular transport. (bvsalud.org)
  • The replacement of functioning nephrons by fibrosis is characteristic of progressive disease. (wjgnet.com)
  • Results In IPF, the bronchiolised and enlarged distal airspaces stained for SOX2 are consistent with epithelial differentiation characteristic of conducting airway epithelium. (bmj.com)
  • In this study, we sought to elucidate the function of epithelial TGF-β signaling via TGF-β receptor II (TβRII) and its contribution to fibrosis by generating mice in which TβRII was specifically inactivated in mouse lung epithelium. (jci.org)
  • This study demonstrated that the Receptor for Activated C-Kinase 1 (RACK1) is important in SC function. (sdbonline.org)
  • ST13 plays a role in the assembly process of glucocorticoid receptor, which requires the assistance of multiple molecular chaperones. (prospecbio.com)
  • Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is an important mediator of inflammation in the airway epithelium. (cdc.gov)
  • In normal breast epithelium, Wnt-5a is important for cell-ECM adhesion and activation of the collagen receptor DDR1. (lu.se)
  • The mutations that cause DFNB2 alter the structure and function of myosin VIIA, but they probably do not eliminate the protein's function completely. (medlineplus.gov)
  • By revealing the role of Rab35 in polarity, they have demonstrated how this GTPase could be involved in the tumor process, explaining the oncogenic effect of Rab35 mutations recently detected in some patients. (pasteur.fr)
  • Hypomorphic mutations may impair but not abolish NEMO protein function. (medscape.com)
  • however, their function in salivary epithelium is poorly understood. (bvsalud.org)
  • however, how these interactions are regulated and their basic cellular functions are poorly understood. (lu.se)
  • A loss-of-function mutant, cnd-1(ju29 ), exhibited multiple defects in the ventral cord motor neurons. (biologists.com)
  • In the present study, we have thoroughly investigated butyrate-induced production and function of IL-22 in fish macrophages. (researchgate.net)
  • The role of HomA and HomB in pathogenesis concerning their structure and function has not been evaluated yet. (nature.com)
  • Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease characterized by progressive decline of lung function and chronic airway inflammation. (hindawi.com)
  • It is therefore possible that inhibiting complement activation would reduce inflammation, lead to reduced fibrosis and preservation of renal function. (wjgnet.com)
  • Recent studies also suggest a central role for abnormal epithelial repair. (jci.org)
  • Wnt5a is a member of the WNT family of secreted glycoproteins that function as paracrine or autocrine signals to regulate growth control and tissue patterning. (umassmed.edu)
  • Through a collaborative interdisciplinary endeavor involving a Universities of Nottingham, Leicester and Cambridge we will accelerate discovery of genetic risk factors for lung function impairment, and define the mechanisms and biological pathways underpinning the observed associations. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • Although DNMT3A and DNMT3B are highly homologous, their redundancy seems to be limited, and their unique biological function, e.g., specificity for methylation patterns in distinct cell types, is still elusive 9 . (nature.com)
  • In the development and progression of lung cancer, a pathogenic role of adiponectin was defined by both in vivo and in vitro studies [ 15 , 16 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • For instance, mice are able to reconstitute most lymphomas in monkeys and humans woodchuck hepatitis virus induces major components of the human provides strong support for a direct hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) haematolymphoid system including oncogenic role of EBV in vivo. (who.int)
  • The ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium sweeps particles at a rate of one centimeter per minute into the nasopharynx for further expulsion. (nih.gov)
  • Transitional epithelium is a type of tissue that changes shape in response to stretching (stretchable epithelium). (wikipedia.org)
  • The epithelium contains many intimate and delicate connections to neural and connective tissue. (wikipedia.org)
  • This will inform in-depth mechanistic assays at the cell, tissue and organ scales to identify the key mechanisms underpinning regulation of lung function in health and disease. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • The team has discovered the crucial role of a GTPase-type enzyme known as Rab35. (pasteur.fr)
  • ALDH3A1, a detoxifying enzyme, is recruited in the corneal epithelium as a crystalline protein with additional functions beyond its metabolic role, which remain to be determined. (europa.eu)
  • Because of its importance in acting as an osmotic barrier between the contents of the urinary tract and the surrounding organs and tissues, transitional epithelium is relatively impermeable to water and salts. (wikipedia.org)
  • Our understanding of the role of glucose transport in the lung and the mechanisms that regulate glucose movement across the human lung epithelium lags far behind that of the gut and kidney. (ersjournals.com)
  • It focuses on investigating the role and mechanism(s) of aldehyde dehydrogenase 3A1 (ALDH3A1) in protecting the eye from UV damage, which is of high relevance of human health and prevention of eye-related diseases. (europa.eu)
  • Aberrant GLYAT expression is associated with human cancers, yet its role in cancer remains unknown. (sdbonline.org)
  • He carried out his postdoctoral training at the National Cancer Institute, NIH in the USA, where he established a role of p38MAPK in negative regulation of tumorigenesis and the key role of phosphatase Wip1 as a potent human oncogene - both directions are now widely pursued in the cancer field. (lifeboat.com)
  • To further investigate PNN's role in regulating the alternative splicing of lncRNAs in a corneal epithelial context, we performed detailed analyses for detecting and identifying alternatively spliced lncRNAs. (molvis.org)
  • Epidermal appendages are intradermal epithelium-lined structures that can divide and differentiate. (medscape.com)
  • HomB and HomA are the most studied OMPs from H. pylori as they play a crucial role in adherence, hyper biofilm formation, antibiotic resistance and are also associated with severe gastric malignancies. (nature.com)
  • Mitochondria plays a major role in cell signaling, growth and energy production, and for good health they need to function properly. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In the inner ear, myosin VIIA plays a role in the development and maintenance of hairlike projections called stereocilia. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In addition, VD plays a key role in regulating innate and adaptive immunity in vertebrates. (researchgate.net)
  • To determine whether the PEDF/PEDF-R axis plays a regulatory role in photoreceptor structure and function, we characterized photoreceptors deficient in PEDF and PEDF-R. (nih.gov)
  • E-cadherin plays an essential role in collective directional migration of large epithelial sheets. (ca.gov)
  • This indicates that NO plays a key role in alcohol's up-regulation of TLR2. (cdc.gov)
  • Leptin is a 167 amino acid long protein hormone with important effects in regulating body weight, metabolism and reproductive function. (thermofisher.com)
  • Phosphorylation of Syk Activation Loop Tyrosines Is Essential for Syk Function. (crossref.org)
  • Melanocytes are also found in the inner ear and play an important role in hearing. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Prior to this most people thought antibiotics only depleted microbiota and diminished several important immune functions that take place in the gut," Morgun said. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Studies on αE knockout mice have identified an additional important function for this integrin in allograft rejection and have also indicated that it may have a role in immunoregulation. (nih.gov)
  • An important function of the dermis is to sustain and support the epidermis. (medscape.com)
  • Cytokines are important in asthma and play a critical role in orchestrating the allergic inflammatory response, although the precise role of each cytokine remains to be determined. (cdc.gov)
  • Transitional epithelium lines the organs of the urinary system and is known here as urothelium (PL: urothelia). (wikipedia.org)
  • Innate immune system of the airway epithelium consists of several components including the mucus layer, mucociliary clearance of beating cilia, production of host defense peptides, epith. (researchgate.net)
  • These function in the packaging and transport of proteins, such as keratin, to the superficial cell layer. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition, we have identified an autocrine signaling role for Wnt5a in the regulation of B-cell proliferation and in suppressing B-cell lymphomas and myeloid tumorigenesis in mice and humans. (umassmed.edu)
  • Inoculation with a high dose strains of LMP1 transgenic mice vide a powerful tool in mechanistic of EBV caused a B-cell lymphopro- were established that express LMP1 studies on the role of individual viral liferative disorder in these mice, under the control of the immunoglob- genes in cancer. (who.int)
  • Transitional epithelium also functions as a barrier between the lumen, or inside hollow space of the tract that it lines and the bloodstream. (wikipedia.org)
  • Interestingly, inhibiting myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) exacerbates smoke-induced permeability, indicating that MLCK and ROCK have opposing regulatory roles. (nih.gov)
  • A comprehensive evaluation of potential lung function associated genes in the spirometa general population sample. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • The self-reactive immunoglobulins referred to as natural autoantibodies (NAbs) have been shown to exert homeostatic roles [1]. (academie-medecine.fr)
  • Studies have investigated the role of leptin in obesity, anorexia nervosa, insulin resistance, and hypertension. (thermofisher.com)
  • His academic research is primarily in the field of cancer and aging molecular biology, with particular emphasis on the role of DNA damage and stress response signaling. (lifeboat.com)
  • The appearance of transitional epithelium differs according to its cell layer. (wikipedia.org)
  • Transitional epithelium is made up of three types of cell layers: basal, intermediate, and superficial. (wikipedia.org)
  • The research also found that antibiotics and antibiotic-resistant microbes caused significant changes in mitochondrial function, which in turn can lead to more epithelial cell death. (sciencedaily.com)
  • This study aims to understand the function and mechanism of Drosophila Glycine N-acyltransferase (GLYAT) in cell invasion. (sdbonline.org)
  • In this work, we analyze expression patterns of DNMT3A in patients with IBD, perform loss of function experiments using Caco-2 cell line and generate a conditional Dnmt3a ΔIEC mouse line. (nature.com)
  • Studying CP function in brain aging (14) and in animal models of chronic neurodegenerative diseases, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)(18), and Alzheimer's disease (AD)(19), we observed that disease progression is associated with local suppression of immune cell trafficking to the CNS through the CP. (weizmann.ac.il)
  • Real-time, cellular resolution imaging is essential for probing the highly dynamic functions of the lung at the interface of physics, biology, and immunology. (researchgate.net)
  • Depending on the cellular effects through which Wnt-5a mediates its function, reconstitution of Wnt-5a signalling might have future therapeutical implications. (lu.se)