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Pigment Epithelium of EyeRetinal Pigment EpitheliumRetinal PigmentsPigments, BiologicalLipofuscinChoroidBruch MembraneMacular DegenerationEye Proteinscis-trans-IsomerasesRetinaRetinal DegenerationBile PigmentsFluorescein AngiographyRetinal DiseasesRetinal DetachmentIodatesFundus OculiPhotoreceptor CellsPhotoreceptor Cells, VertebrateMacula LuteaRetinoidsFluorescent Antibody Technique, IndirectRetinaldehydeChoroidal NeovascularizationVitreoretinopathy, ProliferativeCells, CulturedElectroretinographyPigmentationMelaninsRod Cell Outer SegmentEyeMelanosomesRod OpsinsBlood-Retinal BarrierVitreous BodyLightRats, Mutant StrainsPyridinium CompoundsDark AdaptationChoroid DiseasesTomography, Optical CoherenceRetinal DrusenMelanophoresSerpinsChromatophoresRetinal Cone Photoreceptor CellsRetinal Photoreceptor Cell Outer SegmentOphthalmoscopyRhodopsinReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionAlbinismRNA, MessengerBlotting, WesternRetinal PerforationsCell LineTrypan BlueLaser CoagulationIrisCattlePhagocytosisXanthophyllsCell SurvivalGeographic AtrophyVisual AcuityLuteinRetinol-Binding ProteinsMicrophthalmia-Associated Transcription FactorMelanocytesVitamin AColoring AgentsRetinal Rod Photoreceptor CellsEpithelial CellsChoroideremiaRetinal VesselsCarotenoidsVision, OcularRetinitis Pigmentosatert-ButylhydroperoxideFluorescenceInjectionsCell TransplantationMicroscopy, ElectronIndocyanine GreenEye DiseasesNerve Growth FactorsRetinal NeuronsMicroscopy, ConfocalMice, Inbred C57BLVascular Endothelial Growth Factor ACiliary BodyMicrophthalmosEye ColorGene ExpressionCone OpsinsMicrospectrophotometryImmunoenzyme TechniquesOxidative StressCell CountWet Macular Degeneration
Retina or retinal pigment epPhotoreceptorsCultured retinal pigmentedSeeded retinal pigment epithelialDegenerationGanglion cellsDetachmentExpressed in the develoDrusenInherited retinal diseasesTissueMonolayerEpithelium-derived factorCellsDiseasesApoptosisMaculaTransplantationNeurosensory retinaMelaninMacular pigmentCenter of the retinaChoroidOverlying the retinaDiabetic retinopathyVascularRetinitis pigmentosaProteinsDetachmentsHumanOcularVeinMutationsDystrophiesGeneMiceRecyclesTherapiesPROTEINOuter layerExposureConesAstrocytesImpairmentPosteriorNeuroretinaLossCellVisual acuityGenesOxidativeSecretionAbsorptionAccumulationDysfunctionLayer
Retina or retinal pigment ep2
Photoreceptors13
  • Although their photoreceptors contain a protein, retinochrome, that recycles retinal and replicates one of the functions of the vertebrate RPE, cephalopod photoreceptors are likely not maintained as well as in vertebrates, and that as a result, the useful lifetime of photoreceptors in invertebrates is much shorter than in vertebrates. (wikipedia.org)
  • Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a leading cause of blindness, is characterized by the death of the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE), which is a monolayer posterior to the retina that supports the photoreceptors. (ca.gov)
  • The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) interacts closely with the photoreceptors in fulfilling tasks of visual function. (researchgate.net)
  • Christopher - So these are the so-called "retinal pigment epithelium" cells, which inter with these light-sensitive cells - the photoreceptors - to keep them alive and to really have these functionality between these two. (thenakedscientists.com)
  • Chris - Because in a real retina in an animal, and even in a human, that retinal pigment epithelium layer would be at the back of the eye and the photoreceptors - the rods and cones - would nuzzle up against it wouldn't it? (thenakedscientists.com)
  • So we already see that we have an attraction of the photoreceptors to the RPE, and what we can also see, which is really astonishing, is that photoreceptor segments are taken up - so recycled - by the retinal pigment epithelium cells. (thenakedscientists.com)
  • On the basis of these findings," the authors write, "it is possible that ocriplasmin may have a diffuse enzymatic effect on photoreceptors or the retinal pigment epithelium that is not limited to areas of vitreomacular adhesion. (medscape.com)
  • In this study, the researchers will isolate mouse adult retinal stem cells and enrich them for cone photoreceptors by manipulating specific cellular pathways as through a cell sorting technique. (brightfocus.org)
  • They will also test the ability of transplanted adult retinal stem cells to restore vision in mice that lack functioning cone photoreceptors. (brightfocus.org)
  • Normal vision relies on the function of cells called cone photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelial cells. (brightfocus.org)
  • These researchers have shown that isolated retinal stem cells can generate cone photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelial cells. (brightfocus.org)
  • Inherited forms of retinal degeneration, which afflict 1 in 3000 people worldwide, arise primarily from mutations in transcripts expressed in rod and cone photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelial cells. (berkeley.edu)
  • The photoreceptors connect to a network of retinal interneurons. (berkeley.edu)
Cultured retinal pigmented1
  • We therefore explored the response of cultured retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE), the loss of which heralds advanced visual decline, to specific wavelengths of UVR across the UV-B and UV-A bands found in natural sunlight. (nature.com)
Seeded retinal pigment epithelial1
Degeneration15
Ganglion cells2
  • Neural signals from the rods and cones undergo processing by other neurons, whose output takes the form of action potentials in retinal ganglion cells whose axons form the optic nerve. (wikipedia.org)
  • About ten years ago researchers in the United States discovered that there was also a third light receptor in the retina - a form of so-called retinal ganglion cells. (lu.se)
Detachment5
  • Wet AMD is characterized by choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and the subsequent development of hemorrhage, exudation, scarring or retinal detachment. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Ocular disorders: BALVERSA can cause central serous retinopathy/retinal pigment epithelial detachment (CSR/RPED). (nih.gov)
  • Localized macular edema or hemorrhage may elevate an area of the macula or cause a localized retinal pigment epithelial detachment. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Earlier reports proposed that glial cells (primarily fibrous astrocytes) from the inner layers of the neurosensory retina proliferated through breaks in the internal limiting membrane (ILM) produced after a retinal tear or a posterior vitreous detachment. (medscape.com)
  • In a retinal detachment, this space fills with fluid and detaches the neurosensory retina from the underlying retinal pigment epithelium. (medscape.com)
Expressed in the develo1
Drusen1
  • In AMD, lipoprotein deposits called drusen form outside Bruch's membrane, impeding its function. (scienceboard.net)
Inherited retinal diseases3
  • We are currently developing animal models of inherited retinal diseases to study the disease processes. (berkeley.edu)
  • Another promising strategy for dominantly inherited retinal diseases involves directly targeting the mutant mRNA product using Talens, CRISPR , and siRNA constructs. (berkeley.edu)
  • Precision genome editing agents can enable gene correction and disease rescue in inherited retinal diseases, according to University of California, Irvine. (scienceboard.net)
Tissue9
  • We developed a robust characterization methodology composed of quantitative bright-field absorbance microscopy (QBAM) and deep neural networks (DNNs) to noninvasively predict tissue function and cellular donor identity. (jci.org)
  • DNN predictions were supplemented with traditional machine-learning algorithms that identified shape and texture features of single cells that were used to predict tissue function and iPSC donor identity. (jci.org)
  • To uncover the tissue- and localization-specific functions of Yap, we generated a Yap conditional knockout mouse with Rx-Cre for the ablation of the Yap gene in the developing retina and RPE. (temple.edu)
  • These findings have identified an alternative source of replacement tissue for use in human retinal cellular therapies, and provide a new in vitro cellular model system in which to study RPE diseases affecting human patients. (ca.gov)
  • Gardner syndrome is characterized by FAP (Familial Adenomatous Polyps), osseous and soft tissue tumors, retinal pigment epithelium hypertrophy and impacted teeth. (xshotpix.com)
  • The extracellular matrix is essential for the architecture of the tissue and a myriad of associated biological functions. (springer.com)
  • A key reason for this is a lack of foundational research into the response of living retinal tissue to UVR in regard to modern ageing-specific parameters of tissue function. (nature.com)
  • The technique may provide a theoretically unlimited supply of patient-derived tissue to study retinal diseases, along with a physiologically relevant model for studying RPE-choriocapillaris interactions under healthy and diseased conditions. (scienceboard.net)
  • There is no retinal tissue overlying the optic nerve head. (medscape.com)
Monolayer4
  • As a monolayer of cells critical to photoreceptor function and survival, the RPE is an ideally accessible target for cellular therapy. (ca.gov)
  • A key site of insult in AMD is the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), a monolayer of postmitotic polarized cells that performs essential functions for photoreceptor health and vision. (figshare.com)
  • The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a monolayer of pigmented cells situated between the neuroretina and the choroids. (xshotpix.com)
  • The RPE is a monolayer of cells between the neural retina and choroidal blood supply, and is critically important for photoreceptor function. (arvojournals.org)
Epithelium-derived factor1
  • Expression of RPE-specific markers was assessed by flow cytometry, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and immunocytochemistry, and RPE function was determined by phagocytosis of rod outer segments and secretion of pigment epithelium-derived factor. (ca.gov)
Cells36
  • The methodology was validated using clinical-grade induced pluripotent stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelial cells (iPSC-RPE). (jci.org)
  • Results showed that in cultured human-derived retinal pigment epithelial ARPE-19 cells , the extract of Chlorella zofingiensis and its nutritional ingredient astaxanthin exhibited significant inhibitory effects on the formation of endogenous N ε -carboxymethyllysine (CML), a key AGE representative, through the suppression of intracellular oxidative stress. (rsc.org)
  • The RPE is composed of a single layer of hexagonal cells that are densely packed with pigment granules. (wikipedia.org)
  • Intriguingly, Yap proteins were localized at the apical junctions in addition to the nucleus and cytosol of the retinal progenitor cells, adding another level of regulation. (temple.edu)
  • Long-term visual function is maintained in this model of retinal disease even though the xenografted cells are eventually lost, suggesting a secondary protective host cellular response. (ca.gov)
  • The present study investigated the effects of GSK2606414 on proliferation, apoptosis, and the expression of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), CCAAT/enhancer‑binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells under endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The neural retina consists of several layers of neurons interconnected by synapses and is supported by an outer layer of pigmented epithelial cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Where are the pigmented cells located in the retina? (xshotpix.com)
  • Defined culture of human embryonic stem cells and xeno-free derivation of retinal pigmented epithelial cells on a novel, synthetic substrate. (ca.gov)
  • In the retina, myosin VIIA is found primarily in a thin layer of cells called the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Their in vitro effects on hypoxic cells concerning cell viability, apoptosis, migration, and angiogenesis were detected through gain- and loss-of-function assays. (hindawi.com)
  • LCN2 was increased by SOX9 and SIRT1 deacetylated SOX9 to promote its nuclear translocation, which further inhibited the viability of human retinal pigment epithelial cells and promoted cell apoptosis and angiogenesis as well as CNV-induced AMD formation. (hindawi.com)
  • Muller cells and retinal pigment epithelium were identified by Fu et al. (molvis.org)
  • So the thing is that, in the normal retina organoids, the pigment epithielium cells are present, however they are not coming into the natural state of interaction, so they are not in the right positioning just due to the culture method itself. (thenakedscientists.com)
  • and what is really astonishing, you just see that when on the side where the organoids faces to these retinal pigment epithelium cells and not to the other side. (thenakedscientists.com)
  • A thin macular pigment can allow the blue light through and destroy the cells. (nutraingredients.com)
  • They were implanted with a new layer of retinal pigment epithelial cells (cells that are important for retinal function). (universiteitleiden.nl)
  • Stem cell therapy offers the promise of an inexhaustible supply of retinal cells that can be used for transplant into eyes affected by AMD. (brightfocus.org)
  • When these retinal stem cells are transplanted into mouse eyes, they are able to integrate into the host retina and develop correctly. (brightfocus.org)
  • The inherited retinal degenerations are typified by retinitis pigmentosa (RP), which results in blindness from destruction of photoreceptor cells, and the RPE. (berkeley.edu)
  • Nady Golestaneh, an assistant professor in the department of biochemistry and molecular and cellular biology at Georgetown, and a co-author of this research, reports they transformed cells that really act like the retinal cells they are trying to mimic. (rxwiki.com)
  • These retinal pigment epithelium cells are used for eye light absorption, eye nutrition, and as a receptor. (rxwiki.com)
  • Replicating these cells is a huge step in developing laboratory therapies to preserve their function. (rxwiki.com)
  • Here, we demonstrate that stimulation of the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) for ATP alkalinizes lysosomes in cultured human retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells and impairs lysosomal function. (sens.org)
  • Knockdown of ALK7 inhibits high glucose-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in retinal pigment epithelial cells. (nih.gov)
  • The "spotlights" represent the use of single-cell RNA sequencing to reveal the gene expression state of cells at early, mid, and late time points of retinal pigment epithelium differentiation. (ophthalmologytimes.com)
  • The retina also contains a layer called the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), which has several important functions, including light absorption, cleaning up cellular waste, and keeping the other cells of the eye healthy. (ophthalmologytimes.com)
  • None of the differentiation protocols proposed for clinical trials have been scrutinized over time at the single-cell level - we know they can make retinal pigment cells, but how cells evolve to that state remains a mystery," Gioele La Manno, PhD, a researcher with EPFL's Life Sciences Independent Research (ELISIR) program, noted in a news release. (ophthalmologytimes.com)
  • This allowed them to map out all the transient states within a population as they grew into retinal pigment cells, but also to optimize the protocol and suppress the growth of non-RPE cells, thus preventing the formation of contaminant cell populations. (ophthalmologytimes.com)
  • Modern vitrectomy specimens have shown that epiretinal membranes comprise glial cells, retinal pigment epithelial cells, macrophages, fibrocytes, and collagen cells. (medscape.com)
  • Membranes associated with retinal breaks, previous retinal detachments, or cryopexy are composed mainly of dispersed RPE cells, while cells of glial origin predominate in the IEMM. (medscape.com)
  • Furthermore, these cells also possess the ability to change into cells with similar appearance and function. (medscape.com)
  • PVD can lead to retinal breaks that may liberate RPE cells that initiate membrane formation. (medscape.com)
  • Bestrophin-1 (BEST-1) and bestrophin-2 are highly expressed in human RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM cells and mutations in the BEST-1 gene are associated with VITELLIFORM MACULAR DYSTROPHY, TYPE 2. (bvsalud.org)
  • It is abundant in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells and has been hypothesized through its effects on cathepsins to have a role in the pathogenesis of AMD. (medscape.com)
  • [ 4 ] Moreover, estrogen has recently been shown to play a significant role in the development and function of Th17 cells, as well as the production of interleukin (IL)-17. (medscape.com)
Diseases8
  • Activation of the PERK/eIF2α/ATF4 signaling pathway has been reported in numerous retinal degenerative diseases including AMD ( 16 ), glaucomatous retinopathy ( 19 ) and diabetic retinopathy ( 20 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Increasing studies have identified the function of sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) in ocular diseases. (hindawi.com)
  • This complexity has made studying the retina - and retinal diseases - a major challenge in the past. (thenakedscientists.com)
  • and in the retina they are the so-called "retinal organoids", which are beautiful preformed tissues, which can be used for analysing drugs and diseases. (thenakedscientists.com)
  • To date, most gene therapies have targeted monogenic recessive retinal diseases and employed viral vectors to transfer a 'normal ' copy of the mutated gene to the affected cell. (berkeley.edu)
  • Development of effective treatments for retinal diseases. (berkeley.edu)
  • In summary, P2X7R stimulation raises lysosomal pH and impedes lysosomal function, suggesting a possible role for overstimulation in diseases of accumulation. (sens.org)
  • Epiretinal membranes can be associated with various ocular conditions, such as posterior vitreous detachments (PVD), retinal tears, retinal detachments , retinal vascular occlusive diseases, ocular inflammatory diseases, and vitreous hemorrhage . (medscape.com)
Apoptosis1
  • In conclusion, our results are consistent with the model that Yap functions in the stabilization of apical proteins for maintenance of the laminar organization, determination of RPE territory, and regulation of proliferation and apoptosis during the eye development. (temple.edu)
Macula1
Transplantation2
Neurosensory retina2
Melanin2
Macular pigment1
  • Maintaining high levels of both carotenoids, and therefore the macular pigment, is a valid approach to maintaining eye health and reducing the risk of AMD. (nutraingredients.com)
Center of the retina1
  • Retinal nerve fibers exit the eye through the optic nerve, located nasally and on the same plane as the anatomical center of the retina. (medscape.com)
Choroid3
Overlying the retina1
Diabetic retinopathy1
Vascular1
  • Both TP and TP-H topically penetrate and function in skin or mucosa, protecting and treating radiation burns and hair loss or smoking-induced cutaneous vascular dysfunction. (frontiersin.org)
Retinitis pigmentosa1
Proteins1
  • This comes not directly from the visual cycle but from several retinal pools of retinal binding proteins which are connected to each other by the transportation and reaction steps of the visual cycle. (wikipedia.org)
Detachments1
  • The incidence of associated PVD in cases of IEMM range from 75-93%, and PVD is present in virtually all eyes with retinal breaks or retinal detachments and subsequent epiretinal membrane formation. (medscape.com)
Human3
Ocular1
  • Assuming that the ocular media (cornea, anterior chamber, lens, and vitreous) are not cloudy, the living retina can be examined using a direct or indirect ophthalmoscope or a retinal lens at the slit lamp. (medscape.com)
Vein1
  • Blood vessels (retinal artery and vein) travel along with the optic nerve and enter and exit through the back of the eye. (peacehealth.org)
Mutations3
  • The mutations that cause DFNB2 alter the structure and function of myosin VIIA, but they probably do not eliminate the protein's function completely. (medlineplus.gov)
  • There are currently 20 retinal genes whose mutations cause the phenotype of LCA, accounting for about 70% of the cases, while the genes underlying the remaining 30% of patients await discovery. (aao.org)
  • For example, patients with mutations in CRB1 , LRAT , CEP290, or RPE65 may have VA better than 20/50 and may actually be diagnosed later in early childhood, and sometimes designated as having early-onset childhood retinal dystrophy or early-onset severe childhood retinal dystrophy, rather than LCA. (aao.org)
Dystrophies1
  • With increasing insight into the molecular etiologies of several inherited retinal and macular dystrophies, studies from ours and many laboratories have defined several promising therapeutic strategies. (berkeley.edu)
Gene2
  • In particular, for retinal gene therapy it would be highly advantageous to transduce a single cell type that spans the entire retina after an intravitreal injection of a gene delivery vehicle for the subsequent secretion of a general neuroprotective factor throughout the retina. (berkeley.edu)
  • NEI scientists learn how eye protein converts vitamin A A new gene-function discovery could lead to potential treatments for vision disorders as it converts vitamin A into a usable form, National Eye Institute. (scienceboard.net)
Mice2
  • Live imaging of mouse RPE flatmounts revealed a striking loss of mitochondrial integrity in albino mouse RPE compared to pigmented mice that could have significant functional consequences for cellular metabolism. (figshare.com)
  • For the new study used mice prone to developing retinal damage in old age in much the same way as humans do. (nutraingredients.com)
Recycles1
Therapies2
  • Increases in the number of cell therapies in the preclinical and clinical phases have prompted the need for reliable and noninvasive assays to validate transplant function in clinical biomanufacturing. (jci.org)
  • In parallel, we are designing viral mediated therapies for autosomal dominant and recessive retinal degnenerations. (berkeley.edu)
PROTEIN2
  • Recent studies found that the protein likely retains enough function in the retina to allow for normal vision, but not enough function in the inner ear to permit normal hearing. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Despite the long-standing observation that aggresomes/Lewy bodies and the centrosome sit side-by-side in the cell, no studies have been done to see whether these protein accumulations impede the organelle function. (biorxiv.org)
Outer layer1
Exposure1
  • This class of laser only causes damage if the exposure time exceeds 0.25 s, which approximately corresponds to the time lag of the natural blink reflex (according to DIN EN 60825 1). (aerzteblatt.de)
Cones3
  • Cones function in well-lit conditions and are responsible for the perception of colour through the use of a range of opsins , as well as high-acuity vision used for tasks such as reading. (wikipedia.org)
  • The spectral sensitivity of S-cones peak at approximately 440 nm, M-cones peak at 545 nm and L-cones peak at 565 nm after corrected for pre-retinal light loss, although the various measuring techniques result in slightly different maximum sensitivity values (figure 1). (utah.edu)
  • The retinal pigment epithelium plays a critical role in keeping the cones and rods healthy and functioning well. (msdmanuals.com)
Astrocytes1
  • Small breaks in the ILM after PVD also may provide retinal astrocytes access to the vitreous cavity, where they may subsequently proliferate. (medscape.com)
Impairment4
  • Recent years have seen a marked increase in laser-pointer-related injuries, which sometimes involve severe retinal damage and irreversible visual impairment. (aerzteblatt.de)
  • Laser pointers can cause persistent retinal damage and visual impairment. (aerzteblatt.de)
  • She not only mentions postmarketing reports of visual impairment linked to ocriplasmin injection but also points out the warnings and precautions label on the ocriplasmin package insert, which lists decline in visual acuity, injection-related adverse effects, lens subluxation, retinal breaks, and dichromatopsia. (medscape.com)
  • The CD4+ T-lymphocyte coordinates a number of important immunologic functions, and a loss of these functions results in progressive impairment of the immune response. (cdc.gov)
Posterior1
  • [ 1 ] They were able to document fibrocellular proliferation between the inner surface of the retinal and posterior surface of the vitreous, resulting in increased vitreoretinal adhesion. (medscape.com)
Neuroretina1
  • The neuroretina is tightly attached to the underlying retinal pigment only at the margins of the optic nerve and at the ora serrata. (medscape.com)
Loss5
  • What causes the loss of black pigment in the retina? (xshotpix.com)
  • Since an understanding of the RPE function is essential for understanding the patho-mechanisms involved in vision loss, we explored the regulation of the vanilloid receptor subtype transient receptor potential TRPV2 channels that t. (researchgate.net)
  • The spectrum of damage ranged from focal photoreceptor defects to macular foramina and retinal hemorrhages associated with loss of visual acuity and central scotoma. (aerzteblatt.de)
  • Since dopaminergic neurons are polarised, ensuring correct localisation of organelles and the effective intracellular transport of neurotransmitter vesicles, loss of centrosome activity could contribute to loss of dopaminergic function and neuronal cell death in Parkinson's disease. (biorxiv.org)
  • On SD-OCT, there was loss of outer retinal signals in the right eye and a full-thickness macular hole. (medscape.com)
Cell4
  • When seen in section, each cell consists of an outer non-pigmented part containing a large oval nucleus and an inner pigmented portion which extends as a series of straight thread-like processes between the rods, this being especially the case when the eye is exposed to light. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is unclear if these aggregates or Lewy bodies are a means to protect the cell from smaller unfolded units of α-syn or if these structures cause neuronal death by obstructing the normal function of the cell. (biorxiv.org)
  • Current projects in our lab involve development of retinal cell specific viral vectors based upon lentivirus and adeno-associated viruses. (berkeley.edu)
  • One problem Vawas pointed out involves the need for a virus to function as cell carrier. (rxwiki.com)
Visual acuity1
  • In our series of 7 cases, we documented impaired visual acuity, central visual field defects, circumscribed and sometimes complex changes of retinal reflectivity, and intraretinal fluid. (aerzteblatt.de)
Genes1
  • Sunlight regulated the expression of genes involved in synthesis/accumulation of flavonoids and sugars and genes functioning in nutrient uptake and transport, leading to asymmetric distribution of these substances. (bvsalud.org)
Oxidative1
  • Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) can regulate a variety of cellular functions such as metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stresses [ 5 - 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
Secretion1
  • Moreover, ZIKV infection led to impaired membrane dynamics involved in endocytosis , organelle biogenesis and potentially secretion , key mechanisms of RPE homeostasis and function. (bvsalud.org)
Absorption1
  • Reflection densitometry involves directing light in the retina and determining the change in absorption as a function of wavelength. (utah.edu)
Accumulation2
Dysfunction1
  • Biopsy of an organ with impaired function (eg, heart, GI tract) can definitively establish a cause-and-effect relationship between organ dysfunction and amyloid deposition. (medscape.com)
Layer1