• The apical junctional complex comprises tight junctions, adhesion junctions, and desmosomes, which seal adjacent cells, regulate paracellular transportation, and maintain intestinal barrier function, acting as a dynamic mechanical barrier [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Desmosomes are intercellular junctions, which preserve tissue integrity during homeostatic and stress conditions. (uni-halle.de)
  • This review will summarize our current knowledge how signaling pathways that control epithelial shape, polarity and function regulate desmosomes and how desmosomal proteins transduce these signals to modulate cell behavior. (uni-halle.de)
  • Desmosomes are intercellular junctions offering cells with structural balance. (researchatlanta.org)
  • Component of intercellular desmosome junctions. (cusabio.com)
  • Their constituent proteins are highly regulated by posttranslational modifications that control their function in the desmosome itself and in addition regulate a multitude of desmosome-independent functions. (uni-halle.de)
  • 2011 Oftentimes the phenotypes of pets with impaired desmosome function offered the rationale to research the part of desmosomal proteins in human being pores and skin and center diseases. (researchatlanta.org)
  • Most commonly, the mutations affect the component of the disk known as the desmosome (the adhesive intercellular junction that tethers intermediate filaments to cell membranes). (msdmanuals.com)
  • intercellular communication including gap junctions/connexins. (nih.gov)
  • Ago de Compostela, SpainBackground: Loss of gap junction (GJ) intercellular communication (GJIC) and/or downregulation of connexins (Cxs) happen to be reported in various cancer cell lines too as in tissues of many tumour sorts like melanoma. (angiotensinreceptor.com)
  • Connexins (Cx) are transmembrane proteins that facilitate intercellular communication via hemichannels and gap junction channels. (bvsalud.org)
  • Connexins form gap junctions, clusters of intercellular channels synchronizing responses in multi-cellular organisms through the direct exchange of ions, small metabolites and second messengers between adjacent cells. (unige.ch)
  • [ 7 ] Connexins are a family of transmembrane proteins that assemble into hexameric hemichannels and form gated intercellular gap junction channels. (medscape.com)
  • This review aims to consolidate the knowledge of the relationship between Cx46, its role in forming hemichannels and gap junctions, and its connection with cancer and cancer stem cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Latest reports have got implicated the function of hemichannels and difference junctions in regulating susceptibility of cells to OS-induced cell loss of life. (ppbhg.org)
  • As opposed to the result of hemichannels, Cx43 difference junction stations conferred security to individual retinal pigment epithelial cell series against the basal fluorescence. (ppbhg.org)
  • In contrast to the atherogenic role of Cx43, Cx37 hemichannels in macrophages and endothelial Cx40 gap junction channels are atheroprotective. (unige.ch)
  • There was also no change in the production of tight junction proteins regardless of lactoferrin metal saturation status. (springer.com)
  • The function of the blood‑brain barrier (BBB) depends on the integrity of tight junction (TJ)‑associated proteins. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Furthermore, the changes in the expression of these three TJ proteins were consistent with the changes in the BBB permeability, indicating that weakening intercellular junctions leads to BBB opening. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Fanning AS, Mitic LL and Anderson JM: Transmembrane proteins in the tight junction barrier. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • These vesicles are carriers of active or non-autonomous function biomolecules, such as proteins, lipids, DNA, mRNA and non-coding regulatory RNA. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Summary/Conclusion: Our outcomes indicate that exosomal Cx43 through its scaffolding function might be involved in the recruitment of proteins along with other compounds to the exosomes switching the part of those EVs in melanoma. (angiotensinreceptor.com)
  • Further understanding of the function of Cx43 in the exosomes will have implications for the development of new therapeutic approaches as drug carries and delivery automobiles to combat metastasis in melanoma.Background: We have previous KIR3DL1 Proteins site demonstrated that Ha-Ras V12 overexpressing cells develop a certain mechanical phenotype which involves cell softening and loss of stiffness sensing. (angiotensinreceptor.com)
  • The finding of mutations in GJB3 , GJB4 , and GJA1 suggests that the clinical manifestations of EKVP are caused by impaired gap junctional intercellular communication or hemichannel function owing to a dominant effect of mutant gap junction proteins. (medscape.com)
  • Tao is also required for proper synaptic function, as reduction of Tao results in NMJs with decreased evoked excitatory junctional potentials. (sdbonline.org)
  • CONCLUSIONS: Overall, these findings indicate that cyclic strain modulates both the expression and phosphorylation state of occludin and ZO-1 in vascular endothelial cells, with putative consequences for endothelial tight junction assembly and barrier integrity. (edgehill.ac.uk)
  • The present study also demonstrated that netrin‑1 significantly increased the downregulation of claudin‑5, occludin and ZO‑1 expression levels induced by TBI, which provided a basis for further investigation on the role of netrin‑1 in the integrity of TJs and proper functioning of the BBB. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Studies show that inflammation in the intestinal lining can impair the integrity and protective function of this defense barrier . (thecandidadiet.com)
  • Here we describe the function of PCDH20 and its mechanisms in gut homeostasis, barrier integrity, and Crohn's disease development. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Objective: To address the mechanism of protein kinase C (PKC)-α function in increasing endothelial permeability, we determined the role of PKCα phosphorylation of p120 in mediating disruption of AJ integrity. (uic.edu)
  • Histologic analysis showed that the SF artificial endothelial graft was attached and integrated on the surface of the corneal stroma without a significant inflammatory reaction, and rabbit CECs consisted in a monolayer that showed their characteristic markers ZO-1 and Na + /K + ATPase, suggesting proper intercellular junctions and cellular pump function. (arvojournals.org)
  • Gap junction-mediated intercellular communication influences a variety of cellular activities. (ox.ac.uk)
  • E-cadherin is a calcium dependent adhesion molecule with important roles in epithelial intercellular adhesion and cellular structure. (cdc.gov)
  • Impact of diet, obesity or systemic metabolic disorders on myocardial metabolism mitochondrial function, or the response to ischemia/reperfusion. (nih.gov)
  • Indeed, ATP can be produced from the metabolism of glucose despite the cessation of mitochondrial function. (unige.ch)
  • Furthermore, at reperfusion, should it happen, ATP obtained from anaerobic metabolism of glucose is preferentially used to restore the ionic gradients that are necessary for the survival and proper function of the cardiomyocytes. (unige.ch)
  • Therefore, the main objective of this study was to elucidate how iron-depleted, iron-saturated, and manganese-saturated forms of lactoferrin regulate intestinal barrier function via interactions with epithelial cells and macrophages. (springer.com)
  • This function is dependent on the ability of cells to polarize and establish specialized intercellular junctions that regulate flux of ions, solutes and cells across the barrier. (ki.se)
  • As opposed to the result on GJIC, there is a dose-dependent boost of hemichannel function by H2O2, that was correlated with the elevated cell surface appearance of Cx43. (ppbhg.org)
  • Haskins J, Gu L, Wittchen ES, Hibbard J and Stevenson BR: ZO-3, a novel member of the MAGUK protein family found at the tight junction, interacts with ZO-1 and occludin. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Myocardial ischaemia (MI) is known to affect gap junction channel protein expression and function. (unideb.hu)
  • OBJECTIVE: The vascular endothelium constitutes a highly effective fluid/solute barrier through the regulated apposition of intercellular tight junction complexes. (edgehill.ac.uk)
  • Because endothelium-mediated functions and pathology are driven by hemodynamic forces (cyclic strain and shear stress), we hypothesized a dynamic regulatory link between endothelial tight junction assembly/function and hemodynamic stimuli. (edgehill.ac.uk)
  • We, therefore, examined the effects of cyclic strain on the expression, modification, and function of 2 pivotal endothelial tight junction components, occludin and ZO-1. (edgehill.ac.uk)
  • CXADR-Mediated Formation of an AKT Inhibitory Signalosome at Tight Junctions Controls Epithelial-Mesenchymal Plasticity in Breast Cancer. (ki.se)
  • Furuse M, Sasaki H and Tsukita S: Manner of interaction of heterogeneous claudin species within and between tight junction strands. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Hirase T, Staddon JM, Saitou M, et al: Occludin as a possible determinant of tight junction permeability in endothelial cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Anderson J, Fanning A, Lapierre L and Van Itallie CM: Zonula occludens (ZO)-1 and ZO-2: membrane-associated guanylate kinase homologues (MAGuKs) of the tight junction. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Huber JD, Egleton RD and Davis TP: Molecular physiology and pathophysiology of tight junctions in the blood-brain barrier. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The GTPases Rac and Cdc42 play a pivotal role in the establishment of cell polarity by stimulating biogenesis of tight junctions (TJs). (rupress.org)
  • Studies have shown that, in children especially, allergy sensitization is higher than in adults and food allergens may increase intestinal mucosal permeability due to weakening of the tight junctions in the intestines, leading to allergies. (thecandidadiet.com)
  • Zonulin plays a major role in the function of intercellular tight junctions, particularly in terms of tolerance and immune response. (thecandidadiet.com)
  • Plays a major role in tight junction-specific obliteration of the intercellular space. (cusabio.com)
  • PAR-1 activation strengthens endothelial tight junctions, increases endothelial survival, and dampens the inflammatory response. (cdc.gov)
  • Dye transfer assay demonstrated that H2O2 decreased the difference junction intercellular conversation (GJIC). (ppbhg.org)
  • These findings indicate that AQP5-mediated regulation of microtubule dynamics modulates airway epithelial barrier properties and epithelial function. (plos.org)
  • Thus, in the lung, e-cadherin immunofluorescence can demonstrate abnormal and normal epithelial cell junctions, facilitate demonstration of airway epithelial changes, and distinguish podoplaninexpressing alveolar type I cells from lymphatic endothelium. (cdc.gov)
  • Our recent achievements in platelet research include the discovery of a new phenomenon of intercellular communication between platelets through gap junctions and its importance for the synchronised functions of these cells within blood clots. (findaphd.com)
  • Intercellular communication of blood, vascular and heart cells. (nih.gov)
  • The aim of the present study was to investigate gap junction-mediated intercellular communication in healthy human tendon-derived cells using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). (ox.ac.uk)
  • In both monolayer and 3-D cultures, intercellular communication in isolated cells was significantly decreased when compared with cells forming many cell-to-cell contacts. (ox.ac.uk)
  • These computer chip-sized devices provide cells with a more physiological 3D environment that supports cell differentiation, enabling organ-like functions. (nature.com)
  • These areas are often made up of polarized parenchymal epithelial cells that form barriers to compartmentalize functions in cavities of the liver, intestine or lungs (Figure 1 ). (hindawi.com)
  • Ablation of DNMT3A in Caco-2 cells results in global DNA hypomethylation, which is linked to impaired regenerative capacity, transepithelial resistance and intercellular junction formation. (nature.com)
  • In particular, PMCs were able to function as antigen-presenting cells to stimulate CD4 + T-cell proliferation and Th22-cell differentiation. (atsjournals.org)
  • Naive CD4 + T cells can develop into various helper T (Th) subsets with different cytokine profiles and play a discriminative role in translating antigen-specific immune responses into tissue functions or immunopathology. (atsjournals.org)
  • Similar to wild-type (WT) keratinocytes, Tiam1-deficient cells establish primordial E-cadherin-based adhesions, but subsequent junction maturation and membrane sealing are severely impaired. (rupress.org)
  • We are currently investigating the orchestrated functions of a range of inflammatory receptors present on the blood cells such as platelets, monocytes and neutrophils on the regulation of multicellular interactions and their significance in the progression of inflammatory/cardiovascular responses. (findaphd.com)
  • Functional assessment of gap junctions in monolayer and three-dimensional cultures of human tendon cells using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The FRAP is a noninvasive technique that allows quantitative measurement of gap junction function in living cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Fluorescently labeled tenocytes following photobleaching rapidly reacquired the fluorescent dye from neighboring cells, while HeLa cells, which do not communicate by gap junctions, remained bleached. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Reduced gap junction resistance causes greater electrotonic current flow between cells, and reduces SBVR. (unideb.hu)
  • Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable cancer in which uncontrolled plasma cell proliferation disrupts the bone marrow environment and impairs immune function. (hrb.ie)
  • The profound roles of exosomes in homeostasis, stress and several pathological conditions, in conjunction with their selective and cell‑specific composition/function, allude to their use as promising circulating clinical biomarkers of systemic stress and specific pathologic states, and as biocompatible vehicles of therapeutic cargo. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Therefore, blocking PKCα-mediated p120 phosphorylation represents a novel targeted anti-inflammatory strategy to prevent disruption of vascular endothelial barrier function. (uic.edu)
  • Working model of endothelial barrier function during time-of-admission for Lassa fever showing differences in function between healthy endothelium, and endothelium in nonfatal and fatal Lassa fever, Sierra Leone during 2015-2018. (cdc.gov)
  • These data demonstrate a critical role for DNMT3A in orchestrating intestinal epithelial homeostasis and response to tissue damage and suggest an involvement of impaired epithelial DNMT3A function in the etiology of IBD. (nature.com)
  • The assembly and disassembly of these junctions is tightly regulated during development and in normal physiology, but is disturbed in pathological conditions of tissue remodeling, such as in chronic inflammation and cancer. (ki.se)
  • We use a combination of in vitro studies and mouse models of chronic airway inflammation and cancer to study the role of specific growth factors and cytokines in mediating tissue remodeling and junction reorganization in endothelial and epithelial cell layers. (ki.se)
  • Our findings revealed that Fp -EVs attenuated DSS-induced colitis by modulating the intestinal mucosal barrier function and immunological profile. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Specifically, the use of gap junction channel enhancers and inhibitors may help to reveal the precise role of gap junctions in the development of arrhythmias. (unideb.hu)
  • MI increases gap junction resistance that leads to slow conduction, APD and refractory period dispersion, and an increase in SBVR. (unideb.hu)
  • A number of genetic mutations adversely affect the structure and function of the intercalated disk, the structure that connects cardiac myocytes. (msdmanuals.com)
  • We show that DNMT3A plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis and gut barrier function. (nature.com)
  • Taken together, these results support a role for Tao as a novel inhibitor of BMP signaling in motor neurons during synaptic development and function. (sdbonline.org)
  • Cx43 (E2) antibody, an antibody which particularly blocks Cx43 hemichannel activity however, not difference junctions completely obstructed dye uptake induced by H2O2 and additional exacerbated H2O2-induced osteocytic cell loss of life. (ppbhg.org)
  • This study provides insights into the mechanism of Tao-1 regulation and a potential growth control function for SCHIP1 in mammals. (sdbonline.org)
  • In conclusion, this information from bioinformatics analysis will help future attempts to better understand CLDN6 regulation and functions. (cusabio.com)
  • The mechanism underlying SBVR is not completely understood but it is known that SBVR depends on stochastic ion channel gating, intracellular calcium handling and intercellular coupling. (unideb.hu)
  • As an MGH pathology resident, he co-authored research papers on intercellular junctions, cancer cell, and red cell membranes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although DNMT3A and DNMT3B are highly homologous, their redundancy seems to be limited, and their unique biological function, e.g., specificity for methylation patterns in distinct cell types, is still elusive 9 . (nature.com)
  • In this work, we analyze expression patterns of DNMT3A in patients with IBD, perform loss of function experiments using Caco-2 cell line and generate a conditional Dnmt3a ΔIEC mouse line. (nature.com)
  • Animal experiments demonstrated that fingolimod could reduce edema, cell apoptosis and cerebra atrophy and show neuroprotective function in ICH rats [ 8 ]. (karger.com)
  • These functions rely on their unique structural properties, which enable them to respond to context-dependent signals and transmit them to change cell behavior. (uni-halle.de)
  • In tendons, gap junctions modulate collagen production, are involved in strain-induced cell death, and are involved in the response to mechanical stimulation. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Ph.D., Organovo's Chief Scientific Officer, adding, "Our models attempt to mimic the architecture, cell diversity, and function of the human gut in healthy and disease states. (organovo.com)
  • One study in particular reported on the way in which a poorly-functioning immune system and dysbiosis that lead to leaky gut can also result in the production and absorption of neurochemical compounds and/or neurotoxic xenobiotics. (thecandidadiet.com)
  • Cardiac myocytes: Contractile function and mechanical stress generation. (nih.gov)
  • Overall, a project is available within our laboratory either to determine the functions of a receptor and elucidate its signalling mechanisms within platelets, or to isolate/synthesise and functionally characterise therapeutically valuable components to control platelet function under various pathophysiological settings. (findaphd.com)
  • Apicobasal polarity is critical to the specialized functions of these epithelia. (hindawi.com)
  • The magnitude of this electrotonic current depends on the intercellular gap junction resistance. (unideb.hu)
  • 7. Vaiyapuri S, Ali MS, Moraes LA, Sage T, Lewis KR, Jones CI, Gibbins JM (2013) Tangeretin regulates platelet function through inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-kinase and cyclic nucleotide signalling. (findaphd.com)
  • Impaired epithelial barrier function is regarded as a key feature of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) 3 . (nature.com)
  • Using FRAP, we showed that human tenocytes form functional gap junctions in monolayer and three-dimensional (3-D) collagen I culture. (ox.ac.uk)
  • [ 6 ] HELLP syndrome is a severe form of preeclampsia and involves hemolytic anemia, elevated liver function tests (LFTs), and low platelet count. (medscape.com)