• Currently, the development of antiviral agents targeting host proteins to combat viral infection has received great attention. (bvsalud.org)
  • These results confirm profound in situ EBV deregulation and suggest orchestration of local antiviral function in the MS brain, lending support to a model of MS pathogenesis that involves EBV as possible antigenic stimulus of the persistent immune response in the central nervous system. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, the erythrocytes generated an antiviral immune gene activation after PRV infection, with significant up-regulation of IFN-α, RIG-I, Mx and PKR transcripts. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition to antiviral activity, it activates NATURAL KILLER CELLS and B-LYMPHOCYTES , and down-regulates VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR expression through PI-3 KINASE and MAPK KINASES signaling pathways. (lookformedical.com)
  • This gene encodes a guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-metabolizing protein that participates in the cellular antiviral response. (thermofisher.com)
  • Interferon (IFN)-inducible GTPases encompass four families of proteins including myxovirus resistant proteins (Mx), guanylate-binding proteins (GBP), immunity-related GTPase proteins (IRGs), and very large inducible GTPase proteins (VLIG). (wikipedia.org)
  • Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) is a pleiotropic cytokine that regulates diverse biological functions, including modulation of inflammatory response and innate and adaptive immunity. (bvsalud.org)
  • Genes related to T cell activation, cytotoxic cell-mediated (or type 1) immunity, B cell growth and differentiation, pathogen recognition, myeloid cell function, type I interferon pathway activation, and leukocyte recruitment were found expressed at different levels in most or all MS brain immune infiltrates. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Comparison of data obtained in meningeal and white matter infiltrates revealed higher expression of genes related to interferonγ production, B cell differentiation, cell proliferation, lipid antigen presentation, and T cell and myeloid cell recruitment, as well as more widespread EBV infection in the meningeal samples. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Multivariate analysis grouped genes expressed in meningeal and white matter immune infiltrates into artificial factors that were characterized primarily by genes involved in type 1 immunity effector mechanisms and type I interferon pathway activation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • An interferon regulatory factor that binds upstream TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATORY ELEMENTS in the GENES for INTERFERON-ALPHA and INTERFERON-BETA . (lookformedical.com)
  • It functions as a transcriptional activator for the INTERFERON TYPE I genes. (lookformedical.com)
  • A family of transcription factors that share an N-terminal HELIX-TURN-HELIX MOTIF and bind INTERFERON-inducible promoters to control GENE expression . (lookformedical.com)
  • IRF proteins bind specific DNA sequences such as interferon-stimulated response elements, interferon regulatory elements, and the interferon consensus sequence. (lookformedical.com)
  • IRGs confer resistance from vacuolar pathogens by localizing to and disrupting the phagocytic vacuole during infection. (wikipedia.org)
  • They confer resistance against many different viruses, inhibit proliferation of normal and malignant cells, impede multiplication of intracellular parasites, enhance macrophage and granulocyte phagocytosis, augment natural killer cell activity, and show several other immunomodulatory functions. (lookformedical.com)
  • This article provides a controlled evaluation of the ability of dietary supplementation with a commercially available rice bran extract modified with shitake mushroom extract (MGN-3) to support the immune function by assessing the ability of immunocytes to proliferate and produce cytokines in response to a mitogenic challenge. (biobran.org)
  • STAT1 is activated to regulate gene expression in response to extracellular signaling polypeptides including cytokines, interferons, and growth factors. (thermofisher.com)
  • In this work, we applied the recombinant cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) holotoxin and cdt-deficient mutants to assess whether CDT interacted with TJ proteins of airway tract cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology. (lookformedical.com)
  • serum proteins were measured with a customized 31-protein multiplex assay. (neurology.org)
  • Increased percentage of detectable serum human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) levels have been used as an aid to monitor the recurrence and progression of disease in patients with invasive epithelial ovarian cancer. (sekbio.com)
  • Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human Myelin proteolipid protein(PLP1) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. (operatiebrp.nl)
  • Stat1 interacts with P53 TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEIN and regulates expression of GENES involved in growth control and APOPTOSIS . (lookformedical.com)
  • Simultaneous Inhibition of ALK2 and ALK3 Down-Regulates the BMP Pathway and Sets off the Activation of Genes Feature for Articular Cartilage in Adult Individual MSCs. (bakingandbakingscience.com)
  • The paradox remains that these IRGs function without induction by IFN activation pathways, since B. japonicum and other amphioxus species do not possess IFN and IFN receptor genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Vertebrates have evolved an array of IRG genes as a whole, potentially due to the evolution between variable pathogen interactions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Studies in mice have characterized the importance of the type 2 effector molecule IFNγ in various cell types and gone on to determine the importance of these proteins in intracellular pathogen resistance. (wikipedia.org)
  • Immunity Related Guanosine Triphosphatases or IRGs are proteins activated as part of an early immune response. (wikipedia.org)
  • The intracellular protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii has been shown to target IRGs in mice allowing for resistance from the host immune response. (wikipedia.org)
  • This evidence suggests that IRGs may function in an immune-related capacity in cephalochordates. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is possible that IRGs may have existed prior to the Cambrian Explosion as an innate immune mechanism and with the evolution of the adaptive immune system in vertebrates, IFN evolved to modulate IRG function. (wikipedia.org)
  • To test this hypothesis, we analyzed expression of viral and cellular genes in brain-infiltrating immune cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Enhanced PCR-based methods were used to investigate expression of 75 immune-related genes and 6 EBV genes associated with latent and lytic infection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • STAT1 is known to regulate several genes which are involved in cell growth, apoptosis, immune responses, and lipid metabolism. (thermofisher.com)
  • Theoretically, the possibilities include (1) a primary T-cell mediated autoimmune response causing muscle damage, (2) a primary degenerative process involving abnormal protein processing leading to a secondary inflammatory response, and (3) separate and independent immune and degenerative processes caused by an external trigger. (medscape.com)
  • Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as intercellular mediators. (lookformedical.com)
  • Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Double-antibody Sandwich method for detection of Human Myelin Proteolipid Protein Like Protein (PLPL) in samples from Tissue homogenates and other biological fluids. (operatiebrp.nl)
  • The GSK class (Irga6, Irgb6, and Irgd) are considered the canonical grouping of GTPases, whereas a second grouping of GMS proteins, which have a lysine to methionine mutation in the active site, function to prevent premature activation by associating with the nucleotide binding motif in a manner similar to Guanosine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors (GDI's). (wikipedia.org)
  • EBV genes were detected in brain samples from 9 of 11 MS patients with expression patterns suggestive of in situ activation of latent infection and, less frequently, entry into the lytic cycle. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Tight junction (TJ) proteins maintain the integrity and impermeability of the epithelial barriers. (bvsalud.org)
  • Our results indicated that CDT induced the TJ occludin (OCLN) expression in newborn pig tracheal epithelial cells within the first 3 hours of bacterial infection, followed by a significant decrease. (bvsalud.org)
  • Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) combined with CA125 has high clinical value in the early diagnosis of epithelial ovarian cancer, disease monitoring, postoperative recurrence monitoring, as well as in the differential diagnosis of benign tumors. (sekbio.com)
  • Human epithelial protein (HE4) also has some sensitivity in the diagnosis of endometrial cancer. (sekbio.com)
  • After phosphorylation by JAK tyrosine kinases, STAT1 enters the nucleus to regulate transcription of many different genes. (thermofisher.com)
  • PHOSPHORYLATION of IRF-3 causes the protein to be translocated from the CYTOPLASM to CELL NUCLEUS where it binds DNA , and activates transcription. (lookformedical.com)
  • The STAT1 gene is located on chromosome 2. (thermofisher.com)
  • There is a related gene located adjacent to this gene on chromosome 21, and there are multiple pseudogenes located in a cluster on chromosome 4. (thermofisher.com)
  • To characterize the type from the hMSC-derived cartilaginous tissue attained by GNAS treatment with the various compounds, gene-expression adjustments of the -panel of transient or articular cartilage personal genes were assessed by quantitative RT-PCR. (bakingandbakingscience.com)
  • Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Human Proteolipid Protein 1, Myelin (PLP1) in samples from tissue homogenates, cell lysates or other biological fluids. (operatiebrp.nl)
  • Conclusion Vitamin D enhances IFN-β induction of multiple proteins and also reverses the Th1/Th2 bias in MS seen with IFN-β alone. (neurology.org)
  • These two important mechanisms of approaching cancer, principally through the clinical application of the P53 tumor suppressor gene and other apoptotic players that for the past 15 years have been included in my cancer strategy as a diagnostic, prognosis, and follow up treatment. (biobran.org)
  • The association of human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) levels with clinical responsiveness to treatment or recurrence status in patients with ovarian cancer examined by CT imaging suggests that human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) may be an important indicator of ovarian cancer recurrence. (sekbio.com)
  • determined expression patterns of functional IFN-inducible GTPase genes in Branchiostoma japonicum at various immunologic sites when induced by pathogens and pathogenic substances. (wikipedia.org)
  • Here, Biobran's anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity was assessed using MTT and plaque reduction assays, RT-PCR, ELISA techniques, and measurements of SARS-CoV-2-related gene expression and protein levels. (biobran.org)
  • Debate Following the idea of developmental anatomist (1), we looked into within this scholarly research the function of BMP signaling over the differentiation of adult mesenchymal progenitor cells, hMSCs namely, toward articular cartilage. (bakingandbakingscience.com)
  • The heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is a critical host factor and has important regulatory effects on the infection of various viruses. (bvsalud.org)
  • The encoded protein is induced by type I and type II interferons and antagonizes the replication process of several different RNA and DNA viruses. (thermofisher.com)
  • The results showed that the knockdown of HSP90AB1 and HSP90 inhibitor VER-82576 treatment resulted in a reduction in TGEV M gene mRNA levels, the N protein level, and virus titers in a dose-dependent manner, while the knockdown of HSP90AA1 and KW-2478 treatment had no significant effect on TGEV infection. (bvsalud.org)
  • Proteins secreted by vertebrate cells in response to a wide variety of inducers. (lookformedical.com)
  • In summary, highly virulent G. parasuis strain SC1401 stimulated the tight junction expression, resulting in higher bacterial adhesion to respiratory tract cells, and this process is closely related to CDT. (bvsalud.org)
  • In the last years higher attention focused on the role of immunoregulation both in the insulin production by β-cell of Langerhans-islets and in the insulin sensitivity (resistance) of insulin receptors. (biobran.org)
  • Multiple IRG genes have been identified in canines and zebrafish but few in the model organism Tetraodontidae (the pufferfish). (wikipedia.org)
  • Multiple studies have been done using mouse knockout models to determine IRG function. (wikipedia.org)
  • binding to ALK1 being a mechanism involved with this model (Fig. S1and and and and 0.05) in expression weighed against the control. (bakingandbakingscience.com)
  • The combined test of human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) and CA125 is more meaningful for detecting ovarian cancer. (sekbio.com)
  • Expression of s-IBM is variable, but all cases eventually evolve into a syndrome of diffuse, progressive, asymmetric, proximal, and distal weakness that is generally refractory to immunosuppressive treatment. (medscape.com)
  • It has been implicated in the expression of CLASS II HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS in cells that do not normally produce them, leading to AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES. (lookformedical.com)
  • Specific molecular sites or structures on or in cells with which interferons react or to which they bind in order to modify the function of the cells. (lookformedical.com)
  • Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) is not expressed in the normal ovarian surface epithelium, while it is significantly highly expressed in serous ovarian cancer and endometrioid ovarian cancer. (sekbio.com)