PolyploidyPloidiesGenome, PlantTriploidyDiploidyFernsChromosomes, PlantTetraploidyDNA, PlantGene DuplicationGenome SizeNoscapineAchilleaThalictrumEvolution, MolecularCleomeEndoreduplicationGossypiumAngiospermsMitosisHybridization, GeneticGenes, DuplicateAneuploidyGene FrequencyGenes, ChloroplastPortulacaceaeTragopogonPhylogenyNocodazoleGenes, PlantAurora KinasesApomixisAurora Kinase BOnagraceaeAneugensReproductive IsolationGenomic InstabilityReproduction, AsexualGametogenesis, PlantMegakaryocytesBiological EvolutionAcanthaceaeGenetic VariationRosaCytokinesisDipsacaceaeSolanaceaeEcotypeSyntenyIn Situ Hybridization, FluorescenceCell CycleGenetic SpeciationBrassica rapaSpindle ApparatusContig MappingChromosomes, Artificial, BacterialPlantsSequence Analysis, DNAPanicumOrganophosphatesCyclin D3Gene DosageChromosome AberrationsChromosomal InstabilityThysanopteraAllelesBrassica napusKaryotypingKaryotype