in contrast to simple family structures reported for a variety of angiosperm nsltp genes, the putative pine nsltp gene is a member of a complex family. (liverpool.ac.uk)
Populations5
We hypothesize that there might be at least three types of autism susceptibility genes/mutations that can be (i) specific to an individual patient or family, (ii) in a genetically isolated sub-population and (iii) a common factor shared amongst different populations. (neurotransmitter.net)
These populations originated from a common ancestor, and a rapid demographic expansion began approximately 90,000 years ago. (biomedcentral.com)
The natural populations from China with specific genetic characteristics enriched the gene pools of global A. thaliana collections. (biomedcentral.com)
Further studies are needed to determine if recovery from this perturbation through gradual mixing of diverged populations by migration and gene flow leads to the pre-climate event state, or whether the observed changes represent a new genetic equilibrium. (biomedcentral.com)
Slatkin [ 4 ] argued that local extinction and re-colonisation dynamics imply ongoing gene flow, which will prevent local populations from becoming differentiated. (biomedcentral.com)
Heterozygosity1
We found that population turnover after 2003 led to a loss of allelic richness and gene diversity but not to significant changes in observed heterozygosity. (biomedcentral.com)
Genetic3
The genes/mutations could act alone or interact with other genetic and/or epigenetic or environmental factors, causing autism or related disorders. (neurotransmitter.net)
The first stage involved identifying, in unrelated subjects showing linkage to 2q24-q33, genetic variants in exons and flanking sequence within candidate genes and comparing the frequency of the variants between autistic and unrelated nonautistic subjects. (neurotransmitter.net)
genetic analysis of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase in loblolly pine: single gene inheritance, molecular characterization and evolution. (liverpool.ac.uk)
Found1
Negative association findings and research involving the serotonin transporter gene, FMR1, RELN, WNT2, HOXA1, and HOXB1 genes may be found elsewhere on this site . (neurotransmitter.net)
Region1
In the present study, genes across the 2q24-q33 interval were analyzed to identify an autism susceptibility gene in this region. (neurotransmitter.net)
Family1
lipid transfer protein genes of loblolly pine are members of a complex gene family. (liverpool.ac.uk)
Specific1
xylem-specific gene expression in loblolly pine. (liverpool.ac.uk)
Pathogenic3
However, pathogenic loci bear expanded alleles of up to several hundred or even thousand repeats in severe cases. (bmj.com)
As with many other tandemly repeated microsatellite sequences, pathogenic TNRs are highly unstable in both the somatic and germ cell lineage, leading to expansions and contractions in the length of the repeats in successive cell or individual generations. (bmj.com)
Other expanded repeats can be translated into proteins containing a pathogenic stretch of repeated amino acids by a novel mechanism called repeat-associated non-AUG (RAN) translation [ 12 ], and these proteins could contain compositionally biased amino acids. (biomedcentral.com)
Loci1
Eucalyptus genetic linkage maps generated with microsatellite loci were used successfully to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for various economically important traits. (springeropen.com)
Markers3
The expression analysis of the selected candidate genes, along with a set of microsatellite markers, provides a valuable resource for further genetic characterization of A. fraterculus sp. (biomedcentral.com)
One of the most frequently used DNA markers in eucalypts since 1996 are microsatellites or simple sequence repeats (SSRs) (Byrne et al. (springeropen.com)
To evaluate the origin and time since spreading of the 999del5 mutation in Iceland and in Finland, we constructed haplotypes with polymorphic markers within and flanking the BRCA2 gene in a set of 18 Icelandic and 10 Finnish 999del5 breast cancer families. (nih.gov)
Chromosome3
Its molecular basis is an expansion of a CTG repeat in the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of the DMPK gene on chromosome 19. (bmj.com)
Here, we report an expansion of a noncoding GGGGCC hexanucleotide repeat in the gene C9ORF72 that is strongly associated with disease in a large FTD/ALS kindred, previously reported to be conclusively linked to chromosome 9p. (nih.gov)
Alleles2
In addition, much of the evidence for the mechanisms that are thought to produce repeat expansion in pathological TNRs are dismissed as irrelevant for normal alleles. (bmj.com)
This review on eucalypts microsatellites, highlights the availability and characteristics of genomic and eSSRs and their potential in genetic analysis of natural and breeding populations and also discusses the future prospects in population genetics and marker assisted selection. (springeropen.com)
Females2
The qPCR analysis evidenced that the early genes serendipity alpha and transformer-2 displayed similar expression levels in the analyzed stages, while heat shock protein 27 is over-expressed in embryos and females in comparison to males. (biomedcentral.com)
The expression of genes associated with courtship ( takeout -like , odorant-binding protein 50a1 ) differed between males and females, independently of their reproductive status (virgin vs mated individuals). (biomedcentral.com)
Species2
Together, this sequence represents 280 Mbp (roughly 1% of the loblolly pine genome) and one of the most comprehensive studies of repetitive elements and genes in a gymnosperm species. (plos.org)
Using this information and genes searches based on published studies from other tephritid species, we evaluated a set of transcripts involved in development, courtship and metabolic pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
Amino1
A fragment containing the N-terminal 272 amino acid residues of KRIT1, a region lacking similarity to any known protein upon database searches, was used as bait. (nih.gov)
Analysis2
1 transcriptome and to obtain an initial evaluation of genes associated with main metabolic pathways by the expression analysis of specific transcripts identified in embryos and adults. (biomedcentral.com)
The importance of microsatellites for plant genome analysis has been highlighted on several occasions (Varshney et al. (springeropen.com)
Sequence3
10 These factors are not mutually exclusive and include the purity and length of the repeated sequence, 7, 11 age of individuals, 6, 7 mitotic drive, 12 the relative position of the TNR with respect to adjacent origins of DNA replication, 13 and mutations in genes involved in DNA repair, replication, and recombination. (bmj.com)
Over 60% of the repetitive sequence consists of full or partial LTR (long terminal repeat) retrotransposons. (plos.org)
Furthermore, 14,262 microsatellite motifs were identified, with 11,208 transcripts containing at least one simple sequence repeat, including 48% of di/trinucleotide motifs. (biomedcentral.com)
Individual1
Increased ploidy level and individual repeats in high copy number are common in angiosperms but are rarely seen in gymnosperms [4] , [5] . (plos.org)
Mechanisms1
The repeat expansion leads to the loss of one alternatively spliced C9ORF72 transcript and to formation of nuclear RNA foci, suggesting multiple disease mechanisms. (nih.gov)
Expression1
Genes associated with metabolic pathways ( maltase 2- like , androgen-induced gene 1 ) showed differential expression between embryos and adults. (biomedcentral.com)
Increase1
31 Therefore, we have hypothesised that mutagenic stress could result in an induction of instability of unexpanded TNR sequences, leading to an increase in the frequency of spontaneously occurring contractions/expansions in repeat number. (bmj.com)