Fragmentation mass spectrometry. Medical search. Frequent questions

Fragmentation that occurs in tandem mass spectrometry experiments has been a recent focus of research, because this data helps facilitate the identification of molecules. (wikipedia.org)
Prior to these experiments, electrospray ionization in-source fragmentation was generally considered an undesired effect however, electrospray ionization using Enhanced In-Source Fragmentation/Annotation (EISA) has been shown to promote in-source fragmentation that creates fragment ions that are consistent with tandem mass spectrometers. (wikipedia.org)
Tandem mass spectrometry-generated fragmentation is typically made in the collision zone (post-source fragmentation) of a tandem mass spectrometer. (wikipedia.org)
Nano-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of oxysterols in brain: monitoring of cholesterol autoxidation by: Yuqin Wang, et al. (swan.ac.uk)
Capillary liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry for the study of neurosteroids and oxysterols in brain by: Yuqin Wang, et al. (swan.ac.uk)
Mass spectrometry is an analysis method that can be performed once using a single analyzer, or it can be performed in tandem between different mass analyzers (such as those found in hybrid or tribrid mass spectrometers). (thermofisher.com)
The practice of simultaneous MS is frequently termed tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS or MS 2 ) and refers to two or more reaction steps being performed on selected ions. (thermofisher.com)
Tandem mass spectrometry (MS 2 ) involves isolation of target ions in the gas phase and often their subsequent dissociation to smaller ions. (nature.com)
We use a combination of MS techniques, namely liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-TOF-MS) and liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS) on a triple quadrupole, for the identification of the polyphenolic constituents of the soluble fraction of GADF. (unboundmedicine.com)
Here, we used ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) to analyze DOX-induced HF in rats, to explain the toxicological pathways of DOX to the heart, especially the combined proteomic technology, to provide more information for the study of its pathogenesis. (frontiersin.org)
Most commonly, this approach leverages high-resolution mass spectrometric measurements of proteolyzed proteins, combined with tandem peptide fragmentation to match observed spectra with those expected from their amino acid composition. (biorxiv.org)
A high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for quantifying active toxin, where the amount of toxin can be correlated to the amount of product peptides, is also described. (cdc.gov)
The metabolites produced by HLM can be tentatively identified based on the associated substrate structure, known metabolic processes, tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) fragmentation patterns and, if necessary, accurate mass measurements. (nih.gov)
Therefore, in the present study, we performed untargeted lipid profiling of abalone tissues at different developmental stages as well as the hemolymph of mature female and male abalones using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. (hindawi.com)
Using tandem mass spectrometry for metabolic disease screening among newborns: a report of a work group. (cdc.gov)
Increasingly, tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is being used for newborn screening because this laboratory testing technology substantially increases the number of metabolic disorders that can be detected from dried blood-spot specimens. (cdc.gov)
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to measure semen and serum platinum levels. (bvsalud.org)

Recently, with the development of rapid scanning high-resolution high accuracy mass spectrometers and the desire for high throughput screening, minimal or no chromatographic separation has become increasingly popular. (princeton.edu)
Modern flight-capable mass spectrometers, in combination with various sample processing, separation, and ionization techniques enable sensitive detection of chemical biosignatures. (frontiersin.org)
This is because mass spectrometers separate particles by calculating their different mass-to-charge ratios (m/z). (thermofisher.com)
Different analyzers are also combined in hybrid and tribrid mass spectrometers. (thermofisher.com)
The general operation of mass spectrometers, including hybrid and tribrid mass spectrometers. (thermofisher.com)
The Costs of Maintaining Modern Mass Spectrometers: Creative Solutions Needed? (chromatographyonline.com)

Among the highlights of the week, the 2008 Award for Distinguished Contribution in Mass Spectrometry, which recognizes a focused achievement in or contribution to fundamental or applied mass spectrometry, was presented to Dr. Alexander Makarov, Director of Global Reseaarch for Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc., for his leading role in the creation of a high-performance orbital electrostatic trap, which he termed the 'orbitrap. (chromatographyonline.com)

Here we use collision-induced dissociation mass spectrometry to study the disassembly of heterometallic complexes. (nature.com)
The most common fragmentation method is collision-induced dissociation (CID), in which ions of interest are subjected to collisions with an inert gas at user-defined kinetic energies. (nature.com)
Schrader, W. Studying the Fragmentation Mechanism of Selected Components Present in Crude Oil by Collision‐Induced Dissociation Mass Spectrometry. (mpg.de)
A novel approach, which utilizes collision-induced dissociation of fragmentation pathway leading to a characteristic fragmentation pattern by coupling microflow liquid chromatography to atmospheric pressure chemical ionization of quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, was used to further clarify the trace amount of key components present in simulated road paving asphalt fumes. (cdc.gov)

Detection of a broad range of ions was carried out in full scan mode in both positive and negative mode over mlz 100-1500 range using high resolution mass spectrometry. (usda.gov)
Schrader, W. Studying the Fenton Treatment of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds in a Highly Contaminated Soil with Different Modifiers by High Resolution Mass Spectrometry. (mpg.de)
Schrader, W. Investigating Molecular Transformation Processes of Biodiesel Components During Long-Term Storage Via High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. (mpg.de)
Schrader, W. Study of Crude Oil Fouling from Sulfur-Containing Compounds Using High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. (mpg.de)

In mass spectrometry, fragmentation is the dissociation of energetically unstable molecular ions formed from passing the molecules mass spectrum. (wikipedia.org)
Lifetimes of desorbed neutral molecules and of ions were found to influence the fragmentation process as reflected in isotope patterns. (johnshopkins.edu)
In the first step of mass analysis, precursor ions are formed in the ion source and induced to fragment. (thermofisher.com)
Learn more about how mass analyzers separate, select and even fragment ions based on their distinct masses and charges. (thermofisher.com)
A mass spectrometer ionizes the sample into gaseous ions and then identifies the ions by their mass-to-charge ratios and relative abundances. (sigmaaldrich.com)
A mass spectrometer works by converting individual molecules into ions and then analyzing the relative abundance of the generated ions. (sigmaaldrich.com)
From one complex sample, a mass spectrometer generates many ions. (sigmaaldrich.com)
The ions are then accelerated in an electromagnetic field and separated based on their mass-to-charge ( m/z ) ratios. (sigmaaldrich.com)
The instrument's detector records the ions in proportion to their relative abundance and generates a mass spectrum of the molecule. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Following World War II the techniques of manipulating very short electrical pulses allowed the construction of the time-of-flight mass spectrometer , in which a short emission of ions is released from the source and their arrival times recorded after having traversed a distance sufficiently long to sort out the different speeds. (britannica.com)
The application of superimposed radio frequency and constant potentials between four parallel rods can be shown to act as a mass separator in which only ions within a particular mass range will perform oscillations of constant amplitude and be collected at the far end of the analyzer. (britannica.com)
New applications and new developments have gone hand in hand to create a complex array of instruments, but all may be understood by tracing the ions through three basic elements: an ion source, a method of analyzing the ion beams according to their mass-to-charge ratio, and detectors capable of measuring or recording the currents of the beams. (britannica.com)
The structure of newly formed products as well as non-fragmented precursor ions can be accessed when CID is combined with ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS), which allows the mass as well as size and shape to be measured in the same experiment. (nature.com)
The peak is tiny, suggesting the molecular ion is relatively unstable compared to many of the fragmentation ions. (docbrown.info)
Some of the possible positive ions, [molecular fragment] + , formed in the mass spectrometry of 1-methylethyl methanoate. (docbrown.info)
However, due to the extensive fragmentation of the molecular ions, speciation of compounds and identification of emission sources (particularly in the SOA fraction) has been difficult. (psi.ch)

Identification of unusual oxysterols biosynthesised in human pregnancy by charge-tagging and liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry by: Alison Dickson, et al. (swan.ac.uk)
Analysis by Liquid Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry of Sterols and Oxysterols in Brain of the Newborn Dhcr7Δ3-5/T93M Mouse: A Model of Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome by: Yuqin Wang, et al. (swan.ac.uk)
Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) technology allows for rapid quantitation of cellular metabolites, with metabolites identified by mass spectrometry and chromatographic retention time. (princeton.edu)
Xu, YF, Lu, W & Rabinowitz, JD 2015, ' Avoiding misannotation of in-source fragmentation products as cellular metabolites in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics ', Analytical Chemistry , vol. 87, no. 4, pp. 2273-2281. (princeton.edu)
Methods of analysis include gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), which separates and gives unique fragmentation patterns for individual compounds. (seti.org)
A distinction was made, using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, between the chlorodibenzofurans observed as original constituents of the pentachlorophenol and those derived from the fragmentation of chlorodiphenyl ethers. (epa.gov)
A High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-MS) Qualitative Detection Method Developed for In Vivo Analyses of Toxin Orellanine from the Cortinarius orellanus Fr. (hindawi.com)
The high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) qualitative analysis method in negative mode of detection was used to record the presence of orellanine in the stomach contents of rats after ingestion of Cortinarius orellanus . (hindawi.com)

These reactions are well documented over the decades and fragmentation patterns are useful to determine the molar weight and structural information of unknown molecules. (wikipedia.org)
Fragmentation can occur in the ion source (in-source fragmentation) where it has been used with electron ionization to help identify molecules and, recently (2020), with electrospray ionization it has been shown to provide the same benefit in facilitating molecular identification. (wikipedia.org)
Laser desorption of neutral molecules followed by electron impact ionization is shown to produce gaseous ion radicals that undergo fragmentation analogous to that observed with electron impact and field ionization. (johnshopkins.edu)
Fragmentation and rearrangements (including McLafferty rearrangement) of different classes of organic molecules. (iitk.ac.in)
Atoms and molecules must first be ionized before they can be accelerated through the mass spectrometer and detected. (thermofisher.com)
The second part of the projects includes fundamental mapping of molecular ion fragmentation energetics for environmentally relevant molecules. (psi.ch)
By using two laser pulses with a time delay we can study the temporal behavior of photoionization to specific electronic states, and the fragmentation of molecules can be probed in the time domain. (lu.se)

A variety of mass spectrometer types, including magnetic sector, quadrupole, time-of-flight, and ion trap, have and will continue to deepen our understanding of the formation and evolution of exploration targets like the surfaces and atmospheres of planets and their moons. (frontiersin.org)
The heart of the mass spectrometer is its mass analyzer. (thermofisher.com)
Samples must be ionized (or charged) before they can be manipulated by electric and magnetic fields within the mass spectrometer. (thermofisher.com)
In the ion chamber of a mass spectrometer, each individual molecule is ionized to form a molecular ion, having one electron less than the parent molecule. (sigmaaldrich.com)
In 1953 the West German physicists Wolfgang Paul and Helmut Steinwedel described the development of a quadrupole mass spectrometer . (britannica.com)
Finally, most of the identities were unequivocally confirmed by accurate mass measurements on the TOF spectrometer. (unboundmedicine.com)
The project combines the expertise of the Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry (LAC) with that of the Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry (LSK) to exploit VUV photoionization for improved chemical speciation in the Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS). (psi.ch)
An aerosol delivery system will be coupled to the iPEPICO apparatus which uses the combination of a slow electron velocity map imaging spectrometer with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. (psi.ch)
Vacuum ultraviolet photoionization of atmospherically relevant aerosol components using an Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer. (psi.ch)
Shimadzu is introducing the LCMS-9050 Q-TOF, a quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-TOF) mass spectrometer system. (spectroscopyeurope.com)
The mass spectrometer source was set at 170°C and the quadrupole was set at 150°C. (cdc.gov)

Here, we show that, even using electrospray ionization, a soft ionization method, in-source fragmentation generates unwanted byproducts of identical mass to common metabolites. (princeton.edu)

A map of mass spectrometry-based in silico fragmentation prediction and compound identification in metabolomics. (tugraz.at)
Quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry is used in this metabolomics study to obtain more accurate, precise MS data and MS-MS fragmentation to elucidate the elemental composition and structural information for known and unknown compounds. (usda.gov)

Peptide Fragmentation and Sequencing: How to Narrow the Gap? (chromatographyonline.com)

High-resolution TOF-MS is particularly useful for identifying the structure of compounds with the same LC/ESI-MS/MS fragmentation patterns. (unboundmedicine.com)
Ultra-High Performance-Quadrupole Time of Flight Mass Spectrometr(UHPLC-QToF-MS)profiling has become an impattant tool for identification of marker compounds and generation of metabolic patterns that could be interrogated using chemometric modeling software. (usda.gov)
The future directions of this research project goes towards stacked growth of other 2D materials as for example 2D transition metal disulfides and the growth from mass selected and charged fragments onto imprinted charge or defect patterns on 2D films. (lu.se)

Fragmentation is a type of chemical dissociation, in which the removal of the electron from the molecule results in ionization. (wikipedia.org)
One prominent example where mass spectrometry was used to find a molecule stable enough to be produced in bulk phase was the discovery of the C 60 buckminsterfullerene by Kroto et al. (nature.com)
The most abundant ion of the molecule under mass spectrometry investigation (1-methylethyl methanoate) is usually given an arbitrary abundance value of 100 , called the base ion peak , and all other abundances ('intensities') are measured against it. (docbrown.info)

The plasma polymerization of acrylic acid has been probed by means of mass spectrometry (neutrals and positively charged species) and ion energy spectroscopy. (sciforums.com)
We are thus able to identify the mechanism of fibril formation of the tau 304-380 fragment at physiological pH using fluorescence spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. (lu.se)
Using separate isotopes in monomers and fibrils, through mass spectroscopy measurements, we verify the isotope composition of the intermediate oligomeric species, which reveals that these small aggregates are generated from monomer through secondary nucleation. (lu.se)

Optional equipment includes the DPiMS™ probe electrospray ionisation unit, SICRIT ion source for LC/GC/direct analysis, MALDI for mass spectrometry imaging and optional fragmentation. (spectroscopyeurope.com)

Using native mass spectrometry, we identify the stoichiometry of sub-complexes and monitor oligomerisation of various assemblies. (nature.com)

Analytical Chemistry at NTU includes both theoretical and applied research in areas such as Mass Spectrometry, the Analytical Toxicology of "new" psychoactive drugs, environmental analysis, and fundamental measurement science applied to chemistry. (ntu.ac.uk)
The last two features have made the structural characterization of the new peptides by mass spectrometry a real analytical challenge. (springer.com)
Mass spectrometry (MS) is an analytical technique that uses mass-to-charge ( m/z ) ratio to identify compounds in a sample. (sigmaaldrich.com)
The ability to couple mass spectrometry to other separation techniques such as capillary electrophoresis, GC, and HPLC makes it a versatile analytical tool for the simultaneous separation and identification of analytes. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Mass spectral analysis indicated the presence of polychlorodibenzofurans and polychlorodiphenyl ethers. (epa.gov)
PG2 can be integrated with current and emerging sequencing technologies, assemblers, variant callers, and mass spectral analysis algorithms, and is available open-source from https://github.com/kentsisresearchgroup/ProteomeGenerator2 . (biorxiv.org)

Indian Society for Mass Spectrometry, Mumbai (1999). (uni-bielefeld.de)

Current approaches for peptide and protein identification use advanced statistical and graphical methods to match mass spectra and estimate their confidence. (biorxiv.org)
With the exception of completely de novo mass spectrometry identification algorithms which currently lack the requisite accuracy and efficiency for genome-scale studies, all current methods depend on matching observed mass spectra to reference proteome databases. (biorxiv.org)
Schrader, W. Development of a Non-Targeted Method to Study Petroleum Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil by Ultrahigh Resolution Mass Spectrometry Using Multiple Ionization Methods. (mpg.de)

Relative bond energy and the ability to undergo favorable cyclic transition states affect the fragmentation process. (wikipedia.org)

Follow the process molecular fragmentation, used in fields such as proteomics, which is required for the identification and quantitation of primary sequences and post-translational modifications. (thermofisher.com)
Likewise, advances in mass spectrometry proteomics now permit highly sensitive and accurate studies of protein expression at the whole proteome-scale. (biorxiv.org)
Mass spectrometry-based proteomics now enables genome-scale measurements of proteomes from diverse cells, tissues, and organisms. (biorxiv.org)

Rearrangement reactions are fragmentation reactions that form new bonds producing an intermediate structure before cleavage. (wikipedia.org)
Fenselau, C, Emary, WB & Cotter, RJ 1989, ' Laser Desorption electron impact mass spectrometry: Studies of ion radical fragmentation mechanisms and hydrogen/deuterium rearrangement in time‐resolved experiments ', Organic Mass Spectrometry , vol. 24, no. 8, pp. 694-698. (johnshopkins.edu)

In the last decade, online aerosol mass spectrometry utilizing electron ionization (EI) has become a proven technique for highly time-resolved analysis of the organic aerosol concentration and composition. (psi.ch)

Simultaneous pulsed flame photometric and mass spectrometric detection for enhanced pesticide analysis capabilities. (cdc.gov)
Here, we delve into the search for extraterrestrial chemical and morphological biosignatures and examine several possible approaches to agnostic life detection using mass spectrometry. (frontiersin.org)
Mass spectrometry has four essential functions, which are ionization, separation (filtering), detection and analysis. (thermofisher.com)
Today, mass spectrometry is a well-established detection method that offers a multitude of benefits, such as selectivity, sensitivity, and multi-sample analysis. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Interpretation of Mass Spectra, F. W. McLafferty, 1980. (iitk.ac.in)
The interpretation of mass spectra is facilitated by the comparison of mass spectra obtained from plasmas of a 13C-labeled acrylic acid (with the label at the carboxyl C) and plasmas of an unlabeled acrylic acid. (sciforums.com)

and developing mass spectrometry algorithms and software to improve data processing. (ntu.ac.uk)

Tutorial book on mass spectrometry, instrumentation and mainly fragmentation of organic compounds. (nist.gov)

Journal of Mass Spectrometry 2019 , 54 , 47-54. (mpg.de)

Due to the sensitivity of mass spectrometry, it is widely used to measure very low molecular weights at extremely low concentrations, below nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL). (sigmaaldrich.com)
Profiling approach that combines separation by UHPLC with the high resolution, high sensitivity, and high mass accuracy of QToF was developed. (usda.gov)

The different approaches to sample labeling and mass spectrometry analysis. (thermofisher.com)

Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 2020 , 34 , e8676. (mpg.de)

The results of these measurements will provide clear benefits towards resolving hard-to-distinguish atmospheric aerosol sources and will enhance the interpretation of existing and future aerosol mass spectrometric measurements. (psi.ch)

Rules for the basic fragmentation processes are given by Stevenson's Rule. (wikipedia.org)
Grafting of "intact" acrylic acid accounts for the remaining mass, and the two processes (gas-phase oligomerization and grafting) give rise to a highly functionalized plasma polymer, containing predominately carboxyls. (sciforums.com)

Mass spectrometry coupled to liquid chromatography is a powerful tool for the analysis of complex plant derivatives such as GADF. (unboundmedicine.com)
Using liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry, the researchers identified 10 ELPA flavonoids . (naturalnews.com)

The Kilgour group focuses on developing advanced mass spectrometry solutions in areas such as biomedical research, environmental analysis and security applications. (ntu.ac.uk)
A complete workflow for the intact and middle-up mass analysis of reduced and non-reduced monoclonal antibodies based on SEC-MS with sample preparation by protein-A affinity clean-up. (sigmaaldrich.com)
The oral sessions, held from June 2 through June 5, covered such topics as label-free quantitation of proteins, using MSfor elemental analysis, discovering peptide biomarkers, MS characterization of carbohydrates, pharmaceutical drugs as environmental pollutants, and the role of mass spectrometry in the petroleum field. (chromatographyonline.com)
Schrader, W. A Detailed Look at the Saturate Fractions of Different Crude Oils Using Direct Analysis by Ultrahigh Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UHRMS). (mpg.de)

The driving force of fragmentation is the strong tendency of the radical ion for electron pairing. (wikipedia.org)

Structural elucidation by joint application of UV, IR, NMR and mass spectrometry. (iitk.ac.in)

On the basis of these measurements, we speculate that at low P, gas-phase cationic oligomers may be responsible for up to 50% of the deposit's total mass. (sciforums.com)

4 usually cause human botulism (A, B, E, and F). We developed a rapid, mass spectrometry-based method (Endopep-MS) to detect and differentiate active BoNTs A, B, E, and F. This method uses the highly specific protease activity of the toxins with target peptides specific for each toxin serotype. (cdc.gov)

This protocol generates high purity histones from sorghum leaf tissue suitable for un-targeted profiling of post-translational modifications by mass spectrometry. (jove.com)

Identifying the species giving the most prominent peaks (apart from M) in the fragmentation pattern of 1-methylethyl methanoate. (docbrown.info)

For the past fifty years of space exploration, mass spectrometry has provided unique chemical and physical insights on the characteristics of other planetary bodies in the Solar System. (frontiersin.org)

Electron impact has remained the most widely used method of ionization in mass spectrometry. (britannica.com)

Learn how Orbitrap technology has revolutionized mass spectrometry for over a decade. (thermofisher.com)

Photoionization, in contrast to EI, is a relatively soft ionization technique which leads to less fragmentation and more high-mass fragments. (psi.ch)

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