Fragment genes encoding r ampicillin resistance. Medical search. Frequent questions

Insertional inactivation is a technique used in recombinant DNA engineering where a plasmid (such as pBR322) is used to disable the expression of a gene. (wikipedia.org)
The insulin gene from humans was inserted into a plasmid. (pressbooks.pub)
In this example, the human insulin gene is inserted into a bacterial plasmid. (pressbooks.pub)
They isolated an antibiotic resistance gene (piece of DNA) from a plasmid of Salmonella typhimurium. (dkgoelsolutions.com)
Plasmid DNA exposed to saliva for 24h was still capable of transforming E. coli to ampicillin resistance, but at low efficiency: 20 cfu (colony forming units) per ml compared with 1.6 x103 cfu per ml after 24h in sterile water. (gmwatch.org)
The nptII gene in transgenic potato plants coding for kanamycin resistance, transforms naturally competent cells of the soil bacteria Pseudomonas stutzeri and Acinetobacter BD413 (both harboring a plasmid with an nptII gene containing a small deletion (hence nonfunctional) with the same high efficiency as nptII genes on plasmid DNA ( 3x10-5 -1x10-4) despite the presence of a more than 106 fold excess of plant DNA. (gmwatch.org)
Plasmid pAL-3CH123, containing initially 3 modules of your downstream flanking area on the EEF1A was utilised because the source in the donor DNA insert fragment, replacing the deleted IRES and DHFR region, so each flanking regions of your EEF1A remained unaltered (Figure two). (dna-pkinhibitor.com)
A DNA fragment encoding eGFP and also a consensus Kozak sequence (GCCGCCATGG) [14] was obtained by PCR with adaptor primers and the pEGFP-C2 plasmid (Clontech, Mountain View, CA) as a template after which cloned in to the polylinker area of p1.1 and p1.2 vectors, thereby resulting in p1.1(EBVTR-)eGFP, p1.1eGFP, p1.2HygroeGFP, p1.2-NeoeGFP and p1.2-ZeoeGFP expression plasmids. (dna-pkinhibitor.com)
Purified plasmids for transfection along with the handle plasmid pEGFP-N2 (Clontech) have been prepared applying an EndoFree Plasmid Maxi Kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA). For stable cell line generation all plasmids except p1.2-HygroeGFP had been linearized by restriction with PvuI by cutting inside the ampicillin resistance gene bla sequence. (dna-pkinhibitor.com)
The plasmid p1.2-HygroeGFP was restricted with BspHI, which introduced two breaks close to the bla gene.Cell cultureFragments corresponding towards the upstream and downstream flanking regions (8532?2603 and 14545?8794 sequences of [GenBank:AY188393]) of your CHO elongation element 1 gene have been obtained by PCR using CHO DG44 cell (Invitrogen) genomic DNA as a template. (dna-pkinhibitor.com)
The first report of plasmid-encoded β-lactamase capable of hydrolysing the extended-spectrum cephalosporins was published in 1983. (ajlmonline.org)
Twenty ESBL producing strains (15%) including Escherichia coli (n = 9), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 7), Klebsiella oxytoca (n = 2) and Enterobacter aerogenes (n = 2) were detected and further analyzed for their resistance transfer features, plasmid profile and nature of the resistance genes. (scielo.br)
Commonly used conditions for ampicillin resistant plasmid clones. (dnasu.org)
By the 1970s the combined discoveries of restriction enzymes, DNA ligase, and gel electrophoresis allowed for the ability to move specific fragments of DNA from one context to another, such as from a chromosome to a plasmid. (addgene.org)
The combination of a DNA fragment with a plasmid or vector DNA backbone generates a recombinant DNA molecule, which can be used to study DNA fragments of interest, such as genes. (addgene.org)
Every plasmid consists of 4 classes of genetic components (i) the origin of replication, (ii) resistance marker, (iii) promoter-regulator and (iv) reporter. (heraeus-targets.com)
The transposable element (TE), Tn5, is a conservative transposon that can insert a segment of genes bordered by specific 19bp insertion sequences from one part of the genome (e.g. plasmid vector) randomly to another location like a chromosome (Reznikoff, 2008). (igem.org)
Including a co-transfected plasmid encoding the Renilla luciferase gene ( Rluc ) in this analysis showed that its calculated stability was not as good as the optimised chromosomal genes, most likely as a result of the lower expression levels and transfection variability. (biomedcentral.com)
This is a gene that confers resistance to a certain antibiotic or toxin, which helps in identifying and selecting the cells that contain the plasmid. (stemcelldaily.com)
This is a region that contains several restriction enzyme recognition sites, which allow the insertion of foreign DNA fragments into the plasmid. (stemcelldaily.com)
A T7 expression plasmid and the same plasmid containing a gene encoding a toxic mammalian protein were transformed into each host. (neb.com)
A T7 expression plasmid containing a gene encoding an E. coli protein was transformed into each host, grown to 0.6 OD and induced for 3 hours. (neb.com)
Further researches confirm the presence of this operon on transposons element, conjugative plasmid and chromosomes which confers the bacteria with ability to survive mercury contamination and also confers the antibiotic resistance towards some antibiotics 5,6 . (microbiologyjournal.org)
Moreover, several genes involved in siderophore biosynthesis (ybt, iro, and iuc), bacteriocins (clb), and capsule hyperproduction (plasmid-borne rmpA [prmpA] and prmpA2) were found, which is congruent with the positive string test displayed by K-2157. (bvsalud.org)
Markers of well-characterized aggregative adherence plasmids, present in typical EAEC strains, are aggregative adherence regulator gene aggR , anti-aggregative protein or dispersin gene aap, and empiric plasmid probe (CVD432) that represents part of the aat secretion system operon ( 6 ). (cdc.gov)

Name an eukaryotic organism that has plasmids, and can be used as a host in gene cloning experiments. (mcqexams.com)
Plasmids p1.2 were transfected by electroporation in Gene Pulser Electroporation Buffer (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA) making use of a P2X1 Receptor Antagonist Molecular Weight cuvette using a four mm gap with 7.5 million cells and 15 g of linearized DNA for every transfection. (dna-pkinhibitor.com)
Expression of ESBL is often associated with multidrug resistance and dissemination by resistance plasmids. (scielo.br)
Most of these plasmids were detected to carry both TEM- and SHV-derived genes by PCR, and confirmed by localizing each gene by hybridization assay. (scielo.br)
Plasmids are fragments of double-stranded DNA that typically carry genes and can replicate independently from chromosomal DNA. (addgene.org)
Plasmids that are used most commonly in the field of recombinant DNA technology have been optimized for their use of studying and manipulating genes. (addgene.org)
Typically plasmids contain the minimum essential DNA sequences for this purpose, which includes a DNA replication origin, an antibiotic-resistance gene, and a region in which exogenous DNA fragments can be inserted. (addgene.org)
The plasmids might be effectively assembled utilizing ligation-independent cloning , and any gene of curiosity might be simply inserted instead of the reporter. (heraeus-targets.com)
The genes encoding these carbapenemases are commonly located on large mobile plasmids with other determinants conferring resistance to other class antimicrobials, which facilitates the transfer of MDR to other organisms [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In developing a system to study gene expression from transiently transfected plasmids, it became clear that normalization using chromosomally encoded genes is not ideal, at it does not take into account the transfection efficiency and the significantly lower expression levels of the plasmids. (biomedcentral.com)
When analyzing co-transfected plasmids, Rluc normalization gave the smallest errors compared to the chromosomal reference genes. (biomedcentral.com)
Plasmids are small circular DNA fragments that are found in many microorganisms, such as bacteria, archaea, and some eukaryotes. (stemcelldaily.com)
Plasmids have been widely used in biotechnology and genetic engineering, as they can be manipulated to introduce, modify, or delete specific genes in the host cell. (stemcelldaily.com)
Plasmids can also be used to study gene expression and regulation, gene function and interaction, and gene therapy. (stemcelldaily.com)
Plasmids often carry genes that confer some advantage to the host cell, such as antibiotic resistance, virulence factors, or metabolic capabilities. (stemcelldaily.com)
In addition, K-2157 harbored two plasmids: one of 113,644 bp (KPC+) and another of 230,602 bp, containing virulence genes, in addition to an integrative and conjugative element (ICE) embedded on its chromosome, revealing that the presence of these mobile genetic elements mediates the convergence between virulence and antibiotic resistance. (bvsalud.org)
This character in Pseudomonas aerugionsa occurs because of extended spectrum β lactamase (ESBL) genes, which carry by transposons, plasmids and mutation. (ac.ir)

Fab antibody fragments in E. coli are usually directed to the oxidizing periplasmic space for correct folding. (biomedcentral.com)
Unlike full-length antibodies, these smaller fragments, such as the antigen binding fragments (Fab) and single-chain variable fragments (scFv), are small enough to be produced in Escherichia coli . (biomedcentral.com)
However, the yields of correctly folded, functional antibody fragments in E. coli are often relatively low and dependent on the type and primary sequence of the fragment. (biomedcentral.com)
Since the disulfides cannot be efficiently formed in the reducing cytoplasm of E. coli , antibody fragments are most commonly supplemented with a signal sequence that directs them to the more oxidizing bacterial periplasm for correct folding. (biomedcentral.com)
Previously described approaches to improve antibody fragment yields in E. coli have mostly focused on the optimization of the expression construct and the target fragment itself. (biomedcentral.com)
As a result, the gene was expressed & multiplied in E. coli. (dkgoelsolutions.com)
E. coli strain DH5a was the test micro-organism for horizontal gene transfer. (gmwatch.org)
generated 250 million E. coli with either random or targeted changes to the gene that codes for the NfsA enzyme. (elifesciences.org)
Foram detectadas vinte cepas produtoras de ESBL, entre as quais Escherichia coli (n=9), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=7), Klebsiella oxytoca (n=2) e Enterobacter aerogenes (n=2), que foram posteriormente analisadas quanto a suas características de transferência de resistência, perfil plasmidial e natureza dos genes de resistência. (scielo.br)
All the previously identified E. coli FabR transcriptional target genes ( fabA , fabB and yqfA ) were shown to be direct S. Typhimurium FabR targets as well. (biomedcentral.com)
E. coli WZ33 and WZ51 exhibited discrepant-level resistance to most clinically frequent used antimicrobials, but still susceptible to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, amikacin, fosfomycin, tigecycline and polymyxin B. E. coli WZ33 and WZ51 were positive for bla NDM-1 determined by PCR and DNA sequencing. (biomedcentral.com)
Carbapenem resistance for E. coli WZ51 and WZ33 could not be transferred to E. coli recipients through conjugation, but could be transferred to E. coli recipients by chemical transformation. (biomedcentral.com)
We established a ribozyme reporter system in Escherichia coli in which a significant reduction of reporter activity is manifest when an active ribozyme sequence is fused to the reporter gene and the expression of a foreign Bacillus subtilis RNaseJ1 5′ exonuclease is induced from a chromosomally-integrated gene in the same cell. (biomedcentral.com)
He observed that some strains of Escherichia coli could transfer antibiotic resistance to other strains through a physical contact mediated by a hair-like structure called pilus. (stemcelldaily.com)

The increasing rate of CA-MRSA infections in many areas, coupled with the organism's unique pattern of virulence, clinical picture, and antimicrobial resistance, has important implications for treatment and infection control measures and acts as a serious challenge for the clinician [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
During the pandemic of COVID-19, the amounts of quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) used to inactivate the virus in public facilities, hospitals and households increased, which raised concerns about the evolution and transmission of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). (bvsalud.org)
Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) is rampant among bacteria that cause healthcare- and community-acquired infections, driving up costs and increasing the difficulty of therapeutic management. (europa.eu)
With a total budget of 7.8 M€ and a funding support of 6 M€ from the EC's 7th Framework Programme for 5 years, SATURN was coordinated by Stephan Harbarth (University of Geneva) and brought together leading European researchers in antimicrobial resistance. (europa.eu)
Thus, the main global objectives of SATURN were to study the impact of antibiotic exposure on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and to define strategies to improve knowledge on antibiotic selection pressure and judicious antibiotic use. (europa.eu)
Background: In low-resource settings, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is detected by traditional culture-based methods and ensuring the quality of such services is a challenge. (bvsalud.org)

Major challenges in bacterial antibody fragment expression are the assembly of separately expressed light and heavy chain to constitute the functional heterodimer and formation of the four intra-chain and one inter-chain disulfide bond [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Insect-resistant maize line CG00526-176 contains three bacterial genes: the cry1A(b) specific to lepidopterans, the bar gene conferring tolerance to glufosinate, and a bla gene encoding TEM-1 b-lactamase (ampicillin resistance). (gmwatch.org)
The bla gene originates from the cloning vector PUC18 and is not expressed in maize, but has bacterial regulatory sequences that would allow it to become functional were it to be transferred back into bacteria. (gmwatch.org)
These results demonstrate the interplay between a protein's different roles and provide insight into bacterial drug resistance. (elifesciences.org)
The length limitation for this technique could prevent the isolation of novel ribozymes that may reside among the numerous long non-coding RNAs (greater than 200 nt) encoded in bacterial genomes [ 17 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

In order to isolate a particular gene from human chromosomal DNA, it would be necessary to isolate a sequence of a few hundred or few thousand basepairs from the entire human genome. (addgene.org)
Sequencing of a 2.5-kb chromosomal Sma I- Pst I fragment containing the structural gene revealed an open reading frame encoding 537 amino acids, homologous to known pckA genes. (asm.org)
The inventors have already established a system to express an L-lactate dehydrogenase gene using an original promoter function of the foreign PDC1 gene and exclude the expression of PDC1 protein that is expressed by the original foreign promoter, by linking the objective valuable gene (L-lactate dehydrogenase gene in this case) in the downstream of chromosomal PDC1 promoter and disrupting the yeast chromosomal PDC1 gene simultaneously. (justia.com)
The best chromosomal gene for normalization in the presence of the transcriptional activators used in this study, cadmium, dexamethasone, forskolin and phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate was first identified. (biomedcentral.com)
Finally, we validated these analyses by testing two chromosomal genes ( B2M and ActB ) and a co-transfected gene ( Rluc ) under biological conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
They are extra chromosomal DNA fragments present in the cell. (stemcelldaily.com)

Because the sequence of the transposon is known, the gene can be identified, either by sequencing the whole genome and searching for the sequence, or by using the polymerase chain reaction to amplify specifically that gene. (wikipedia.org)
Digesting the human genome with restriction enzymes would yield about two million DNA fragments, which is far too many to separate from each other for the purposes of isolating one specific DNA sequence. (addgene.org)
The PAT encoding gene (bar) was introduced into the soybean genome by micro-particle acceleration (biolistic) transformation, and the resulting soybean lines displayed field tolerance to phosphinothricin-containing herbicides, thereby permitting farmers to use this herbicide for weed control in soybean cultivation. (cbd.int)
Genome sequence analysis of 20 S . ruminantium isolates provided information about the antibiotic resistance, potential virulence, and serological diversity of this species. (biomedcentral.com)
It is possible to isolate novel ribozymes encoded in a genome by a high-throughput, iterative in vitro ribozyme assay. (biomedcentral.com)
We previously reported the genome of T. horrida , and 597 genes that encoded secreted proteins were annotated. (biomedcentral.com)
Flp-mediated recombination, one of a family of site-specific recombination technologies, was used to integrate the DAT1 constructs into a common, transcriptionally-active region of the genome, eliminating several caveats associated with traditional reporter gene methodologies [ 36 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Next, we injected in vitro synthesized mRNA encoding green fluorescent proteins (GFP) and noticed its expression in every effectively injected embryos (embryos are amenable to microinjection. (careersfromscience.org)
These family proteins are known to play critical roles in mediating specific resistance to intracellular pathogens including protozoa bacteria and viruses18 19 20 Because IGTP localizes predominantly to the endoplasmic reticulum it is assumed to be involved in the processing and trafficking of immunologically relevant proteins21 22 IGTP has been found to be essential for host resistance to acute infections by the protozoans into TG cells. (techieindex.net)
Over the next 100 years, many significant discoveries lead to the conclusions that genes encode proteins and reside on chromosomes, which are composed of DNA. (addgene.org)
These two encoded genes were up-regulated during early infection, and the encoded proteins were confirmed to be secreted using a yeast secretion system. (biomedcentral.com)

Although QACs may play an important role in the propagation of antibiotic resistance gene (ARGs), the potential contribution and mechanism remains unclear. (bvsalud.org)

Producing hydroquinones is helpful to the cell in some situations, but if bacteria are regularly exposed to chloramphenicol, NfsA's role aiding antibiotic resistance could become more important. (elifesciences.org)
Additionally, the experiments showed that the bacteria with improved resistance to chloramphenicol also became more sensitive to another antibiotic, metronidazole. (elifesciences.org)

The inactivation of a gene by inserting a fragment of DNA into the middle of its coding sequence. (wikipedia.org)

An example is the use of pBR322, which has genes that respectively encode polypeptides that confer resistance to ampicillin and tetracyclin antibiotics. (wikipedia.org)
Hence, when a genetic region is interrupted by the integration of pBR322, the gene function is lost but new gene function (resistance to specific antibiotics) is gained. (wikipedia.org)
This pathogen is characterized by its notorious resistance to last-line antibiotics, such as carbapenems. (bvsalud.org)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most important pathogenic bacteria because of its resistance to beta lactam antibiotics. (ac.ir)
All (100%) isolates used in this study showed MDR resistance to tested antibiotics. (bvsalud.org)

Molecular characterization of S. Typhimurium DT104 R-type ACSSuT isolates from Europe and the United States showed that resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin, and sulfonamides is associated with the presence of two class-1 integrons ( 7 - 10 ). (cdc.gov)
The identified isolates were tested by Coagulase gene RFLP typing. (hindawi.com)
Alarmingly, isolates displaying a convergence phenotype of carbapenem resistance and hypervirulence have been detected in several countries, representing a serious threat to public health. (bvsalud.org)
Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate frequency of existence of OXA, PER, CTX-M1, CTX-M2 and CTX-M genes in pathogenic Pseudomonas aerugionsa isolates from different hospitals in Shiraz, Iran.Methods: The pathogenic bacteria were isolated from hospitals in Shiraz during six months. (ac.ir)
Afterward, DNA of the isolates was extracted and the genes amplified by PCR method.Findings: Out of 728 bacteria isolated from the clinical samples obtained from the patients of the hospitals in Shiraz, 62 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates harbored ESBL genes. (ac.ir)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from this sample site showed the highest (100%) resistance to cephalosporins (cefuroxime) and nitrofurantoin. (bvsalud.org)
Similarly, isolates from Miami area also demonstrated the highest (95%) resistance to a cephalosporin (ceftazidime). (bvsalud.org)

EAEC are heterogeneous, and the distribution of known virulence genes rarely correlates with phylogeny based on housekeeping loci ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
PCR identified 3 EAEC-specific and 2 other virulence genes ( 2 , 6 ). (cdc.gov)

This can happen via a random insertion of a TE containing a promoterless reporter gene downstream of promoter elements that creates a transcriptional fusion, providing activity in response to specific environmental stimuli. (igem.org)
The biological variables include the differences in the levels of transcriptional expression of genes between tissues and cell types [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the process in which the amplification of the gene of interest is carried out with two sets of primers and a thermostable DNA polymerase enzyme Taq polymerase. (mcqexams.com)
Through fragment replacement, the catalytic activity of the enzyme was significantly improved. (springeropen.com)
The present invention provides a new enzyme which is structurally different from those previously described and which will cleave APP to generate amyloidogenic fragments the size expected of a Met.sub.596 -Asp.sub.597 cleavage. (everypatent.com)
Unselected prodrug-converting activities were mostly unaffected, emphasising the importance of negative selection to effect enzyme specialisation, and offering an application for the evolved genes as dual-purpose selectable/counter-selectable markers. (elifesciences.org)
The pckA gene, encoding the gluconeogenic enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), was cloned by PCR amplification from the purple nonsulfur bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris No. 7. (asm.org)
Glufosinate tolerance in W62 and W98 soybean lines is the result of introducing a gene encoding the enzyme phosphinothricin-N-acetyltransferase (PAT) isolated from the common aerobic soil actinomycete, Streptomyces hygroscopicus, the same organism from which glufosinate was originally isolated. (cbd.int)
The transposition event is catalyzed by a transposase enzyme encoded by tnp gene included in the TE. (igem.org)
The MCS is usually located within a lacZ gene, which encodes for β-galactosidase enzyme. (stemcelldaily.com)
If a foreign DNA is inserted into the MCS, it disrupts the lacZ gene and prevents the production of β-galactosidase enzyme. (stemcelldaily.com)
Flp recombinase, the enzymatic basis of the system, is a Saccharomyces cerevisiae derived enzyme that utilizes a substrate Flp recombination target (FRT) sequence upstream of a gene of interest (GOI) to site-specifically insert the GOI into a target site in a host cell line, thereby providing a well-controlled approach to establishing the in vitro functional effect of the DAT1 VNTR polymorphism on the DAT [ 37 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

How is the amplification of a gene sample of interest carried out using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)? (mcqexams.com)
TEM- and SHV- genes were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and hybridization using specific probes. (scielo.br)
The analysis of gene expression using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) has become increasingly important as biological research has focused on developing insights into the complex regulatory networks that exist within cells [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The researchers investigated the survival of DNA from transgenic maize and the transfer of the antibiotic resistance bla gene to bacteria in the presence of saliva, rumen fluid and silage effluent, which are relevant to horizontal gene transfer in the oral cavity, the rumen, and in silage. (gmwatch.org)
In most gram-positive bacteria, this operon consists of five genes dltXABCD but the involvement of the first ORF ( dltX ) encoding a small protein of unknown function, has never been investigated. (frontiersin.org)
Although they can be found in archaea and eukaryotes, they play the most significant biological role in bacteria where they can be passed from one bacterium to another by a type of horizontal gene transfer (conjugation), usually providing a benefit to the host, such as antibiotic resistance. (addgene.org)
With advances in recombinant DNA technology, techniques to obtain objective gene products have developed through expression of a foreign gene in hosts such as bacteria, fungi, animals, plants, and insects, and proliferation of the transformants. (justia.com)
The indigenous researches on mer operon has discovered two major genes which are mainly responsible for mercury conversion in bacteria are mer A and mer B genes. (microbiologyjournal.org)
Addressing the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, M13 phages are potent for packaging the programmed gene editing tools, such as CRISPR/Cas, to target multiple antimicrobial genes. (bvsalud.org)

A) Schematic of the generation of OPTiKD human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and of the resulting genetic circuit which allows tetracycline (TET)-dependent induction of gene knockdown both in hPSCs and hPSC-derived cells. (berterolab.com)

A newly developed β-lactamase (ΔW290) selection cassette contains a segment inside the β-lactamase open reading frame encoding a stretch of hydrophilic amino acids that result in a T7 promoter when back-translated. (biomedcentral.com)
As there are only 20 natural amino acids and 64 codon combinations each amino acid is encoded for by multiple codons. (addgene.org)

They are not part of the main chromosome of the cell, but they can replicate independently and carry genes that may confer some advantages to the host organism. (stemcelldaily.com)
They are extrachromosomal and not essential for the survival of the cell, but they may confer some advantages such as antibiotic resistance or virulence. (stemcelldaily.com)
A gene conferring tolerance to, for example, osmotic stress may therefore also confer tolerance to cold and drought stresses. (allindianpatents.com)

Sleeping Beauty, is designed to interrupt a gene in such a way that it causes maximal genetic havoc. (wikipedia.org)
Recall that these mechanisms are examples of horizontal gene transfer -the transfer of genetic material between cells of the same generation. (pressbooks.pub)
In genetic engineering, only desirable genes are introduced. (dkgoelsolutions.com)
The concept of genes as carriers of phenotypic information was introduced in the early 19th century by Gregor Mendel, who later demonstrated the properties of genetic inheritance in peas. (addgene.org)
By inserting a vector construct containing the TE with selectable markers (such as tetracyclin resistance and lacZ) into an organism with a desirable phenotype, we can find out what genetic elements (e.g. genes and promoters) are responsible for that particular function. (igem.org)

As a result, the inventors discovered several genes that were highly expressed specifically in lactic acid-producing yeasts, and isolated those promoters. (justia.com)

Carbapenemases, particularly the Ambler class A K. pneumoniae carbapenemases (KPCs) and the Ambler class B metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs), were mainly associated with carbapenem resistance among Enterobacteriaceae [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The promoter includes DNA with promoter activity of high osmolarity response 7 gene (HOR7 gene), glycelaldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase 2 gene (TDH2 gene), heat shock protein 30 gene (HSP30), hexose transport protein 7 gene (HXT7 gene), thioredoxin peroxidase 1 gene (AHP1 gene), or membrane protein 1 associated gene gene) of yeasts. (justia.com)
Therefore, such a promoter can be used to increase the production of organic acids by manipulatively associating protein genes involved in organic acid production. (justia.com)
More specifically, the present invention concerns altering tolerance in plants to various environmental stresses and to increasing seed yield by modifying plant haemoglobin gene expression and/or by modifying plant haemoglobin protein levels. (allindianpatents.com)

Insertional mutagenesis is possible whether the virus is of the self-inactivating types commonly used in gene therapy or competent to replicate. (wikipedia.org)

The current study aimed to use Coagulase gene polymorphism to identify methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) subtypes isolated from nasal carriers in Minia governorate, Egypt, evaluate the efficiency of these methods in discriminating variable strains, and compare these subtypes with antibiotypes. (hindawi.com)
In a living cell, it is unlikely that the transcription of any gene is resistant to changes in the cell cycle or in the levels of nutrients. (biomedcentral.com)
Scientist discovered the sets of the genes which were responsible for providing resistant to such a toxic metal and called it as mercury ( mer ) operon 4 . (microbiologyjournal.org)

This viral gene insertion is also known as a promoter insertion as it drives the expression of the c-myc gene. (wikipedia.org)
Antibiotic resistance genes along with the SV40 promoter and terminator regions were obtained by amplification with adaptor primers, employing pcDNA3.1/Hygro, pcDNA3.1(+), and self-ligated pcDNA4/HisMax-TOPO (Invitrogen) as PCR templates. (dna-pkinhibitor.com)
The present invention relates to promoter DNAs in the presence of organic acids, DNA constructs, transformants, expression methods of a recombinant gene, and their uses in organic acid production methods. (justia.com)
Although such a stable high-level gene expression system has been established, a promoter with strong expression potency is needed to further increase the productivity of recombinant products. (justia.com)
The yeast promoters published include alcohol dehydrogenase 1 gene (ADH1) promoter (J Ferment Bioeng, 1998, Vol. 8 6(3) pp 284-289), triose phosphate isomerase gene (TPI1) promoter (FEMS Microbial Lett, 1999, Feb. Vol. 171 (2) pp 133-140), and the like. (justia.com)
Thus, the promoter that activates the transcription of operatively-associated DNA in the presence of an organic acid is useful to increase the objective gene product in the presence of an organic acid, in particular, those are useful to increase the objective product during the production of an organic acid. (justia.com)
However, the identification of a promoter sequence takes us further in that we can better understand the degradation mechanism by elucidating the genes involved. (igem.org)

Certain genes or the part of the chromosomes can be introduced in the cells to show the respective feature. (mcqexams.com)
These cells are subjected to hypotonic lysis and individual chromosomes or fragments are isolated. (mcqexams.com)
The fragments of the chromosomes are incubated with whole cells/ eggs for transfection. (mcqexams.com)

However, if the insertion occurs in an essential gene or a gene that is involved in cellular replication or programmed cell death, the insertion may compromise the viability of the cell or even cause the cell to replicate interminably - leading to the formation of a tumor, which may become cancerous. (wikipedia.org)

We, therefore constructed an in frame deletion mutant of dltX , without affecting the expression of the other genes of the operon. (frontiersin.org)

1 Since then, extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) have become an increasingly important resistance mechanism among Enterobacteriaceae worldwide. (ajlmonline.org)
Emergence of multidrug resistance in Enterobacteriaceae limits the selection of antimicrobials for treatment of infectious diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
Multidrug resistance (MDR) for Enterobacteriaceae has been increasing rapidly and limits the selection of antimicrobials for empiric treatment of infections caused by these organisms, which is becoming a threat to public health [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The present invention relates to an anti-tyrosinase antibody for inhibiting tyrosinase and use thereof, and more particularly, to an anti-tyrosinase antibody including a heavy chain CDR and a light chain CDR of specific sequences, or an antigen-binding fragment thereof. (justia.com)
An object of the present invention is to provide an anti-tyrosinase antibody for inhibiting tyrosinase or an antigen-binding fragment thereof. (justia.com)
Another object of the present invention is to provide a fusion anti-tyrosinase antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof in which a TAT peptide is further bound to the anti-tyrosinase antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof. (justia.com)
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a nucleic acid molecule encoding the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, a recombinant expression vector containing the nucleic acid molecule, and a cell transformed with the recombinant expression vector. (justia.com)
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a composition for detecting a tyrosinase antigen containing the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof as an active ingredient. (justia.com)
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating skin pigmentation disorders or a composition for diagnosing skin pigmentation disorders containing the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof as an active ingredient, or a method for providing information necessary for diagnosing skin pigmentation disorders. (justia.com)
In addition, the present invention provides a fusion anti-tyrosinase antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof in which a TAT peptide represented by SEQ ID NO: 7 is further bound to the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof. (justia.com)
VectorBuilder's mammalian antibody heavy chain gene expression vector has been designed specifically for high-yield production of monoclonal antibody heavy chains. (vectorbuilder.cn)

Here we report successful gene editing of H3.3K27M and G34R point mutations in human normal brain and pediatric glioma cells, generating pairs of otherwise isogenic cell lines that allowed us to define epigenetic and transcriptomic changes contributing to gliomagenesis in the native genomic context. (nature.com)
To study the transformative effects of oncohistone mutations in human pediatric gliomas in an otherwise isogenic context, we used CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing to revert H3.3K27M mutations in glioma cells back to wild type (WT) while in parallel introducing H3.3K27M and G34R point mutations into human astrocytes and H3.3WT glioma cells (Fig. 1a ). (nature.com)
The earliest variants of ESBLs originated as a result of point mutations in the genes for broad-spectrum β-lactamases whilst newer ones, including the most successful such as CTX-M, arose by acquisition from the environmental metagenome through horizontal gene transfer. (ajlmonline.org)

In addition, ESBL genes in Pseudomonas aerugionsa were tested by disk double diffusion. (ac.ir)

If such a phenotype is found then it can be assumed that the insertion has caused the gene relating to the usual phenotype to be inactivated. (wikipedia.org)

The classical protocols to join DNA fragments by restriction and ligation as well as most techniques employing recombination depend on the presence of specific short sequences at or around the joining regions. (biomedcentral.com)
To determine flagellin types, we used an Rsa I-based PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) protocol. (cdc.gov)

Historically, lentiviral vectors included strong viral promoters which had a side effect of insertional mutagenesis, nuclear DNA mutations that effect the function of a gene. (wikipedia.org)
Thus, an object of the invention is to provide promoters usable in the presence of an organic acid, DNA constructs having the promoters, transformants comprising the DNA constructs, expression methods of recombinant genes in the transformants, and production methods of organic acids using the transformants. (justia.com)
Then, to disrupt the PDC1 gene on a yeast chromosome, an expression cassette having a L-lactate dehydrogenase gene in the downstream of these promoters was integrated into the PDC1 gene locus that had previously been mapped to the chromosome, and the production of large amounts of L-lactic acids was confirmed. (justia.com)
That is, the inventors have obtained promoters that activate the transcription of an object gene during the production of organic acids and demonstrated that these promoters virtually increased the production of L-lactic acid, and thereby achieved the invention. (justia.com)

Alternatively, cell-based reporter gene assays can be used to validate ribozyme function. (biomedcentral.com)
In these assays, the ribozyme sequence is fused to a reporter gene which modulates its activity when expressed as RNA. (biomedcentral.com)

Antibiotic resistance cassettes had been sub-cloned into T-vectors and then transferred in to the p1.2-Mono backbone by restrictionligation resulting in p1.2-Hygro, p1.2-Neo and p1.2-Zeo. (dna-pkinhibitor.com)
The term 'negative selection' is used here to describe cloning systems with vectors that contain the ccdB cell-death gene which is replaced by the cloned insert, i.e . the selection eliminates the vector molecules without insert. (biomedcentral.com)
By customizing sequences encoding the heavy chain variable region, customers may generate vectors to satisfy their personalized need for antigen-binding specificities. (vectorbuilder.cn)

The evidence for horizontal gene transfer is accumulating. (gmwatch.org)
In summary, horizontal gene transfer can occur before the DNA is completely broken down, even when the breakdown is rapid, as in the rumen or in silage. (gmwatch.org)
DNA breakdown is extremely slow in saliva, and hence the oral cavity will be a very important site for horizontal gene transfer. (gmwatch.org)

A mouse model study implicated alterations in bivalent genes in mutant H3.3 downstream function 20 . (nature.com)

Kunitz-like domain"--A protease inhibitor similar to soybean trypsin inhibitor or a nucleic acid sequence encoding a protease inhibitor which is similar to the soybean trypsin inhibitor. (everypatent.com)

DNA sequence analysis of the 3′-end of the Coagulase ( coa ) gene revealed heterogeneity in the 81 bp tandem repeats region that encoding repeated 27-amino-acid sequences in the C-terminal region. (hindawi.com)

Yields in the range of 10-20 mg functional Fab fragments per liter of culture are generally considered good in shake flask scale [ 1 - 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Such validation data is available from SigmaAldrich, one of the commercial distributors of the TRC library ( https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/life-science/functional-genomics-and-rnai/shrna/individual-genes.html ). (berterolab.com)

The enzymes that cut DNA at specific sites into fragments. (dkgoelsolutions.com)
In K27M lines, the decrease of H3K27me3 was especially pronounced at super-enhancers of specific gene clusters, including the NOTCH pathway genes. (nature.com)

Taken together, our findings suggest striking overlap between putative mechanisms of K27M and G34R mutations and point to increased NOTCH signaling playing a key role in K27M-related gliomagenesis, resulting from aberrant gene derepression due to impaired H3K27me3 deposition at super-enhancers in H3.3 mutant cells. (nature.com)
Additionally, ChIP-chip identified a number of novel direct FabR targets (the intergenic regions between hpaR / hpaG and ddg / ydfZ ) and yet putative direct targets ( i.a. genes involved in tRNA metabolism, ribosome synthesis and translation). (biomedcentral.com)
For the putative effector gene smut_5844, a signal peptide was required to induce non-host cell death, whereas ribonuclease catalytic active sites were required for smut_2965. (biomedcentral.com)

By customizing sequences encoding the variable heavy chains into the vector, customers may obtain antibodies with high-affinity to target antigens. (vectorbuilder.cn)

The aim of this study was to use coa gene polymorphism to identify MRSA subtypes isolated from nasal carriers in Minia governorate, Upper Egypt, evaluate the efficiency of these typing methods in discriminating variable strains, and compare these subtypes with antibiotypes. (hindawi.com)

This obstacle has been overcome by the field of recombinant DNA technology, which enables the preparation of more managable (i.e., smaller) DNA fragments. (addgene.org)

H3.3 mutant gliomas are also particularly sensitive to NOTCH pathway gene knockdown and drug inhibition, reducing their viability in culture. (nature.com)

Yield and leakage of Fab fragments are dependent on expression strain, culture medium, aeration rate, and the combination of these parameters. (biomedcentral.com)

Studies of a pckA-lacZ gene fusion indicated that when cells were grown in minimal media with various carbon sources, such as succinate, malate, pyruvate, lactate, or ethanol, under both anaerobic light and aerobic dark conditions, the pckA gene was induced in log phase, irrespective of the carbon source. (asm.org)

Our hypothesis requires that the organisms we use respond specifically to particular toxins and result in upregulation of metabolic genes with little background effect in the cell. (igem.org)

By mutant screening, we showed a knock-out mutant of fabR , encoding a repressor of unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis (UFA), to have impaired biofilm formation. (biomedcentral.com)
Next to UFA biosynthesis, a number of these direct targets and other indirect targets identified by transcriptomics (e.g. ribosomal genes, ompA , ompC , ompX , osmB , osmC, sseI ), could possibly contribute to the effect of FabR on biofilm formation. (biomedcentral.com)

Mutations conferring resistance to the inhibitors are clustered at this binding pocket. (biorxiv.org)
The K27M and G34R mutations induced several of the same pathways suggesting key shared oncogenic mechanisms including activation of neurogenesis and NOTCH pathway genes. (nature.com)

Anatomy2

Organisms13

Diseases6

Chemicals and Drugs49

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment11

Phenomena and Processes43

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Information Science3

Plasmid25

Plasmids17

Coli14

Antimicrobial resistance6

Bacterial5

Chromosomal6

Genome7

Proteins4

Antibiotic resistance gene1

Chloramphenicol2

Coding sequence1

Antibiotics5

Isolates7

Virulence genes2

Transcriptional2

Enzyme10

Polymerase chain re3

Bacteria6

Tetracycline1

Amino acids2

Confer3

Genetic5

Several genes1

Carbapenem resistance1

Protein3

Commonly1

Resistant3

Promoter7

Chromosomes3

Replicate1

Operon1

Enterobacteriaceae3

Antibody8

Point mutations3

ESBL1

Phenotype1

Restriction2

Promoters4

Assays2

Vectors3

Horizontal3

Downstream1

Nucleic acid1

Heterogeneity1

Functional2

Specific2

Putative3

Sequences1

Strains1

RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNO1

Knockdown1

Yield1

LacZ1

Metabolic1

Biosynthesis2

Mutations2