• Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis is one of the 1970s through the mid-1990s, the incidence of serotype most commonly reported causes of human salmonellosis. (cdc.gov)
  • On February 24, 2009, the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services identified six isolates of Salmonella serotype Saintpaul with collection dates from February 7--14. (cdc.gov)
  • Mammina C , Cannova L , CarfiPavia S , Nastasi A . Endemic presence of Salmonella enterica serotype Cerro in southern Italy. (eurosurveillance.org)
  • Molecular typing of salmonella strains isolated between 1997 and 1999 in southern Italy and carried out by the Southern Italy Centre for Enteric Pathogens, has shown a high frequency of Salmonella enterica serotype Cerro. (eurosurveillance.org)
  • Clinical diagnostic laboratories report the test results to the doctor and submit Salmonella isolates to state public health laboratories for serotyping and DNA fingerprinting. (cdc.gov)
  • Public health laboratories forward unusual serotypes to CDC's National Salmonella Reference Laboratory for further characterization or confirmation. (cdc.gov)
  • Salmonella are divided into serotypes according to structures on the their surface. (cdc.gov)
  • Serotyping has played an important role for decades in understanding the epidemiologic and molecular characterization of Salmonella . (cdc.gov)
  • State public health laboratories routinely subtype Salmonella isolates by serotyping and by whole genome sequencing (WGS)-based subtyping. (cdc.gov)
  • Learn more about the importance of serotyping and CDC's Salmonella Atlas , a first-of-its-kind report that charts over 40 years of laboratory-confirmed surveillance data on 32 Salmonella serotypes . (cdc.gov)
  • From November 1, 2010, through January 11, 2011, 125 individuals infected with the outbreak strain of Salmonella serotype I 4,[5],12:i:-, whose illnesses began since November 1, have been reported from 22 states and the District of Columbia. (foodpoisonjournal.com)
  • Testing by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of one environmental (water run-off) sample identified Salmonella serotype I 4,[5],12:i:- that is indistinguishable from the outbreak strain. (foodpoisonjournal.com)
  • The present study was designed to examine the different types (serotypes) of Salmonella on dairies. (usda.gov)
  • Seventeen (n = 17) different serotypes were isolated, representing 7 different Salmonella serogroups. (usda.gov)
  • There were 2 or more different serogroups and serotypes present on 7 of the 9 Salmonella-positive farms. (usda.gov)
  • From our data, it appears that subclinical colonization with Salmonella enterica is quite widespread and is represented by diverse serotypes throughout the U.S. dairy industry. (usda.gov)
  • at any finding of Salmonella , obligatory actions are taken to eliminate the infection/contamination. (fao.org)
  • Salmonella infection in any animal species is compulsoriy notifiable, irrespective of serotype. (fao.org)
  • Elimination of the herd is always carried out in case of Salmonella infection in poultry irrespective of serotype. (fao.org)
  • The Salmonella infected flock is destroyed irrespective of serotype and the empty poultry house is thoroughly cleaned and disinfected under supervision of the official veterinarian. (fao.org)
  • In 2013, testing for Salmonella serotypes demonstrated the most predominant type was S. Infantis . (thepoultrysite.com)
  • 1] Pulido-Landinez M. Salmonella Infantis biomapping in broiler chicken farms and processing plant: Identification and persistence of an emerging serotype in a broiler vertical integration. (thepoultrysite.com)
  • Health risks vary depending on the Salmonella serotypes found in pet food. (petfoodindustry.com)
  • Primeros resultados de la vigilancia integrada de la resistencia antimicrobiana de patógenos transmitidos por alimentos, campylobacter spp y salmonella spp en tres poblaciones distintas. (bvsalud.org)
  • de Salmonella spp fue 6% en alimentos, 13% en muestras clínicas y 3% en heces cloacales de aves, con predominio del serotipo Salmonella ser. (bvsalud.org)
  • with predominance in the isolation of the serotype Salmonella ser. (bvsalud.org)
  • We used whole-ge- in serotype Enteritidis infection since 1996 in the United nome sequencing to characterize 125 S . enterica Enteritidis States, outbreaks resulting from contaminated eggs con- and 3 S. enterica serotype Nitra strains. (cdc.gov)
  • Atypical BTV strains are phylogenetically distinct from the classical BTV serotypes 1-24 and differ in terms of several biological features. (mdpi.com)
  • Within L. monocytogenes , sequences homologous to gtcA were found in all serogroup 4 isolates but not in strains of any other serotypes. (asm.org)
  • Although several serotypes of L. monocytogenes are present in the environment and in foods, the majority of infections are caused by strains of serogroup 1/2 (mostly serotypes 1/2a and 1/2b) and 4 (almost always serotype 4b) ( 6 , 35 ). (asm.org)
  • Serotype 4b strains are unique in bearing both galactose and glucose substituents on the Glc-NAc of TA (Fig. 1 ). (asm.org)
  • The serotype of 320 strains of Proteus mirabilis from clinical material was determined. (bmj.com)
  • However, it did not explain the resistance to fluoroquinolones found in the 15 strains. (scielo.br)
  • The disease is caused by a highly contagious virus (FMDV) with great genetic diversity, resulting in 7 types (called serotypes A, O, Asia and SAT1, SAT2, and SAT3) and hundreds of virus strains (also called lineages). (usda.gov)
  • There are seven different serotypes, each with a diversity of topotypes, genetic lineages and strains. (usda.gov)
  • The manuscript we are discussing here talks about how surveillance for pneumococcal infections in Israel found that the new vaccine program was preventing a lot of disease, but they also detected an increase in one of the strains that the vaccine doesn't cover-- serotype 12F. (cdc.gov)
  • In addition, they did special DNA fingerprinting of the pneumococcal serotype 12F strains to see if the strains were related to each other genetically or to other serotype 12F strains around the globe. (cdc.gov)
  • Moreover, we find that the selective pressure from antibiotics arises not so much from the rate of antibiotic use per se but from the frequency of treatment: frequent antibiotic therapy disproportionately impacts the fitness of sensitive strains. (nih.gov)
  • Serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains by coagglutination. (bmj.com)
  • The coagglutination test, which uses staphylococcal protein A, for serotyping strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, was extended to include serotyping within serogroups. (bmj.com)
  • Fifty one strains of S pneumoniae, which belonged to one of the seven serogroups included in the 14 valent vaccine formulation, were tested, and no inconsistency was found when compared with the capsule swelling reaction. (bmj.com)
  • Haemophilus influenzae may make any one of six chemically distinct capsular polysaccharides, but only strains of capsular serotype b commonly cause systemic infection (e.g., meningitis) in humans. (jci.org)
  • In all the samples, 50 E. coli strains were isolated and then assigned to serotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility test, detection of antimicrobial resistance genes and the Class 1 integrons, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). (hindawi.com)
  • The objective of this study was to develop multi-epitope recombinant peptides, procuring immunogenicity against circulating diverse subtypes of FMDV serotype O and A. Two chimeric peptides, named B1 (41.0 kDa) and B3 (39.3 kDa), have been designed to incorporate potential B-cell and T-cell epitopes selected from multiple FMDV strains, including previously reported and newly emerged sub-lineages. (preprints.org)
  • After expression, characterization and immunization of guineapigs with considerable antigen load of B1 and B3 followed by the serological assays revealed the significant protective immunogenicity, developed from the higher (100 µg) doses of both antigens, against most of the currently prevalent serotype O and A strains of FMDV. (preprints.org)
  • Strains that cause fowl cholera represent a number of immunotypes (or serotypes). (merckvetmanual.com)
  • PFGE), because isolates of serotype Enteritidis are more ics and evolutionary history estimated that major lineages genetically homogeneous than are isolates of many other emerged during the 17th-18th centuries and diversified dur- serotypes ( 4 , 5 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Among the serotype Enteritidis isolates ing the 1920s and 1950s. (cdc.gov)
  • The deduced amino acid sequences of the outer capsid protein, VP7, of serotype G1 rotavirus clinical isolates collected over a 6 year period (1990-1995) in Melbourne, Australia, were examined. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Antigenic characterization using a panel of serotype G1-specific neutralizing monoclonal antibodies classified lineage II isolates (1990-1993) as monotype G1a while lineage I isolates were classified as monotype G1b (1993-1995). (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Our results indicated that temporal genetic variation of the VP7 of serotype G1 rotaviruses was associated with changes in the antigenicity of these isolates. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • A 4.4-kb EcoRI fragment, common to both DNA clones, was used to characterize clinical isolates representing all six encapsulated serotypes as well as several capsule-deficient H. influenzae by Southern hybridization analysis. (jci.org)
  • Compared with 340 human E. coli STs reported in China, the ST10 clonal complex, known as the largest human clonal complex, was also found in the 50 mink E. coli isolates. (hindawi.com)
  • RESULTS: One type of SeM was found among streptococcal isolates. (bvsalud.org)
  • Thus, a safe vaccine should stimulate protection against all dengue serotypes simultaneously. (rcsb.org)
  • To facilitate the development of a vaccine, good knowledge of different DENV serotype structures is crucial. (rcsb.org)
  • However, serotype replacement, i.e. replacement of vaccine serotypes by non-vaccine serotypes, has decreased the serotype coverage of PCVs over time [ 6 , 7 ]. (ersjournals.com)
  • For Germany, we have described earlier the distribution of vaccine serotypes covered by the first but no longer available 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) and the 13-valent conjugate vaccine (PCV13) between 2002 and 2016 in adult patients with CAP enrolled into the prospective multicentre study CAPNETZ [ 8 , 9 ]. (ersjournals.com)
  • Sarah Gregory] After the PCV vaccine was introduced in Israel in 2009, there was apparently an increase in Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 12F. (cdc.gov)
  • The vaccine used in Israel and the one we use in the United States protects against 13 different serotypes, and these cause most disease, but there are more than 90 serotypes all together. (cdc.gov)
  • The authors found that rates of pneumococcal disease did drop after the new vaccine program began. (cdc.gov)
  • The drop in rates was especially large in young children but rates also dropped among older adults because the children were no longer spreading the bacterial serotypes targeted by the conjugate vaccine. (cdc.gov)
  • While overall the vaccine program benefits were great, the investigators did detect a small but significant increase in disease caused by nonvaccine serotypes, especially serotype 12F. (cdc.gov)
  • The candidate, the company found similar safety profile, as its Prevnar 13, a 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. (medgadget.com)
  • In recent decades, shifting serotype dominance has led pharmaceuticals to doubt the efficacy of polysaccharide vaccine. (medgadget.com)
  • The engineered vaccine worked as expected, boosting protection against S. pneumoniae serotype 4, but not against S. pneumoniae serotype 2, as compared to the wild type vaccine. (asm.org)
  • The efficient expression, antigenic stability, and multivalent immunogenic potency of the chimeric peptides strongly indicate their credibility as novel vaccine candidates for FMDV serotypes O and A circulating in Bangladesh and surrounding territories. (preprints.org)
  • The one commercially available vaccine is only partly effective against infection by the four serotypes of the virus, although it does reduce the risk of developing the severe form of the disease. (pasteur.fr)
  • The findings of this original study open up new avenues of research for the development of a vaccine against the dengue virus that will offer more comprehensive protective immunity against the four serotypes of the dengue virus and also prevent the spread of this disease, which represents a considerable global threat. (pasteur.fr)
  • The aim of this investigation was to describe the notification rates of IPD in a regional area of Australia, explore changes in rates since the introduction of the population vaccine programmes in 2005 and to describe changes in the distribution of serotypes in relation to the available vaccines after three years. (who.int)
  • The six serotypes included in the new 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, but not in the 7vPCV, accounted for 40.6% of IPD cases in the zero to four year age group during the period of 2008-2010. (who.int)
  • The introduction of 7vPCV significantly reduced the overall notification rate of IPD caused by the serotypes contained in this vaccine. (who.int)
  • Prior to the introduction of pneumococcal vaccines into the Australian immunization schedule, 83%-85% of IPD cases in children aged less than 14 years and 69% of IPD cases in adults aged more than 65 years in the state of New South Wales (NSW) could be attributed to the seven serotypes found in the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (7vPCV) ( Box 1 ). (who.int)
  • A new 13-valent vaccine (13vPCV) was introduced into the Australian immunization schedule in June 2011, comprising an additional five serotypes also found in 23vPPV, as well as one unique serotype ( Box 1 ). (who.int)
  • Vaccine-serotype-coverage was estimated. (bvsalud.org)
  • Conclusion: Vaccine with expanded valence of serotypes is necessary to offer broad preven- tion to IPD. (bvsalud.org)
  • Interference among the three attenuated poliovirus serotypes was minimized with a 'balanced- formulation' vaccine, and serologic responses after IPV were optimized by adjusting the antigenic content of each inactivated poliovirus serotype. (who.int)
  • The near disappearance of 13 pneumococcal serotypes targeted by vaccine resulted in a 60% fall in the incidence of recurrent, nonresponsive otitis media (OM) in southern Israel, according to a study published online August 25 in Clinical Infectious Diseases . (medscape.com)
  • Before vaccine initiation, the pneumococcal serotypes covered in the PCV vaccines occurred in 30.0 per 1000 OM cases annually, the study showed. (medscape.com)
  • As the PUAT does not allow serotype discrimination, data on serotype distribution in adult non-bacteraemic pneumococcal CAP patients are sparse [ 4 ]. (ersjournals.com)
  • Notification and surveillance data are entered into the NSW Notifiable Conditions Information Management System by Public Health Units and include data on serotype when testing is completed. (who.int)
  • Sarah Gregory] I'm talking today with Dr. Cynthia Whitney, a medical epidemiologist at CDC, about pneumonia vaccines and Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 12F. (cdc.gov)
  • The research suggests that vaccination of humans with live S. mitis might offer protection from some of the many serotypes of S. pneumoniae that vaccines currently do not exist for. (asm.org)
  • And current vaccines target only 13 of more than 90 serotypes of S. pneumoniae . (asm.org)
  • These data have important implications bearing on: 1) the development and administration of vaccines against botulism and 2) the testing of toxin serotypes for the treatment of dystonia. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Rates were analysed according to serotypes covered by available vaccines. (who.int)
  • Inactivated and trivalent oral poliovirus vaccines contain either formalin- inactivated or live, attenuated poliovirus, respectively, of the three serotypes. (who.int)
  • It is therefore possible to be re-infected by other dengue serotypes. (pasteur.fr)
  • However, in a secondary infection with another serotype, the preexisting antibodies may cause antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of infection of macrophage cells, leading to the development of the more severe form of disease, dengue hemorrhagic fever. (rcsb.org)
  • Derivation of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to human rotaviruses and evidence that an immunodominant neutralization site is shared between serotypes 1 and 3. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Simple and specific enzyme immunoassay using monoclonal antibodies for serotyping of human rotaviruses. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Antibodies are found in many vertebrates, including humans. (medscape.com)
  • The DENV complex is primarily comprised of four different serotypes DENV1, DENV2, DENV3 and DENV4 which are antigenically distinct. (lww.com)
  • Among seven distinct serotypes, only serotype O and A are dominantly circulating in Bangladesh and neighbouring countries of Asia, where transboundary transmission, recurrent outbreaks and emergence of novel lineages FMDV are highly prevalent. (preprints.org)
  • There are four distinct serotypes of the dengue virus: DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3 and DEN-4. (pasteur.fr)
  • 2,500 known serotypes, S. enterica serotype Enteritidis is variable number-tandem repeat analysis offers slightly bet- one of the most commonly reported causes of human sal- ter discrimination, but differentiating common patterns re- monellosis in most industrialized countries ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Enteritidis en las muestras clínicas y heces cloacales de aves. (bvsalud.org)
  • There are four DENV serotypes (DENV1 to -4). (rcsb.org)
  • Note that PCV20 protects against serotype 12F, which has been identified as a contributor to invasive pneumococcal disease among AI/AN, typically impacting children with subsequent transmission to elders. (ihs.gov)
  • To this end, they are including most common serotypes for preventing invasive pneumococcal diseases in paediatrics. (medgadget.com)
  • We implemented a strategy to determine the serotype based on scatter plots and a mathematical formula, using ratios among reactivity indexes to peptides. (frontiersin.org)
  • Insertional inactivation of gtcA brought about loss of reactivity with the serotype 4b-specific monoclonal antibody c74.22 and was accompanied by a complete lack of galactose and a marked reduction in the amounts of glucose on teichoic acid. (asm.org)
  • Poliovirus comes in three varieties, or serotypes: WPV1, WPV2 and WPV3. (wunc.org)
  • As at 8 November 2011, cases of paralytic poliomyelitis due to wild polioviruses had declined by 34% in 2011 compared with the same period in 2010 (505 cases compared with 767 cases).2 Cases due to the serotype 1 wild poliovirus declined by 35% (444 cases compared with 692), and cases due to the serotype 3 wild poliovirus declined by 18% (61 cases compared with 75 cases). (who.int)
  • Finding a group of infections with the same or very similar profiles could indicate an outbreak. (cdc.gov)
  • In South America, one outbreak of FMDV serotype O, was reported in Paraguay in 2011, which up to that point, was recognized as FMD-free with vaccination. (usda.gov)
  • This serotype was significantly more frequent among mothers who transmitted the infection to their offspring than among those who did not (53 vs. 8%, p = 0.04) and related to disease dissemination in congenitally infected children, although non-significantly. (frontiersin.org)
  • For H influenzae infection, PCR is more accurate than conventional methods of serotyping (slide agglutination method). (medscape.com)
  • Therefore, to discover the interaction between the virus and its host will help us to find novel treatment and diagnosis for Adv infection. (hindawi.com)
  • When infection involves the palate, this finding may be only the initial indication of considerable antecedent destruction of the maxilla and maxillary sinus. (medscape.com)
  • Toxoplasma gondii , a parasite found worldwide, causes congenital infection in about 1/10,000 to 80/10,000 births. (msdmanuals.com)
  • There are two serotypes, with type 1 being predominant and type 2 accounting for 5 to 20 percent of cases. (avma.org)
  • Rhizobia in different serogroups have been found predominant among field populations. (benthamscience.com)
  • Serotype 2 was predominant in our population followed by serotype 3. (who.int)
  • Phenotypic characterization by serotyping has been used to explore rhizobial populations in different geograpical origins. (benthamscience.com)
  • P multocida can be subgrouped by capsule serogroup antigens into five capsular types (A, B, C, D, and F) and into 16 somatic serotypes. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • The FDA authorized PCV20 based on immunobridging studies involving the shared serotypes between PCV13 and PPSV23. (ihs.gov)
  • PCV20 was non-inferior to all serotypes in common with PCV13 and 6 of the 7 serotypes that overlap with PPSV23. (ihs.gov)
  • In conclusion, serotyping using the improved GRA6 peptide triad is useful to serotype T. gondii in humans and could be implemented for clinical management and epidemiological studies, to provide information on the parasite type in specific areas. (frontiersin.org)
  • Some serotypes, known as paratypical, may not cause clinical disease in birds. (scielo.br)
  • We achieved a rapid and accurate evaluation of neutralizing titers for each individual subject that can be used for clinical enrollment based on specific AAV serotypes and individualized selection of the most suitable AAV serotype for each specific patient. (umn.edu)
  • PCV15 was compared to PCV13 in clinical trials and found to be non-inferior for the 13 shared serotypes. (ihs.gov)
  • Resistance to tetracycline was found in foods (42%),5% in clinical samples and 9% in cloacal feces. (bvsalud.org)
  • however, there are exceptions, including reinfection with a new serotype of T. gondii or reactivation of toxoplasmosis in mothers with severe cell-mediated immunodeficiencies. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Adenovirus serotype 14 (Ad14) is a rarely reported but emerging serotype of adenovirus that can cause severe and sometimes fatal respiratory illness in patients of all ages, including healthy young adults. (cdc.gov)
  • Adenovirus serotype 14 (Ad14) is a serovar of adenovirus which, unlike other adenovirus serovars, is known to cause potentially fatal adenovirus infections. (wikipedia.org)
  • Human Advs are divided into seven subgroups including 53 serotypes based on immunologic and biological characteristics. (hindawi.com)
  • A large number of serotypes were recognized but no difference was found between the serotype of organisms infecting the urinary tract and those from other infections. (bmj.com)
  • The authors did this by analyzing information from case reports over time and by doing tests on the particular pneumococci causing these infections to see what serotypes they were. (cdc.gov)
  • One study found that mutation occurs in about 20 percent of infections, but the incidence of FIP is 0.3 to 1.3 percent among all cats in studies done in North America and Europe. (avma.org)
  • Subsequent infections by other serotypes also increase the risk of developing severe, or hemorrhagic, dengue. (pasteur.fr)
  • In all reported cases, the isolated Ad14 strain was found to be genetically identical. (wikipedia.org)
  • Our whole- common serotypes isolated from humans worldwide ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Serotype I was the most frequent (38%), which was congruent with previous genotyping results in animals and humans of the same area. (frontiersin.org)
  • When serotypes specific to other species infect humans. (pathologyoutlines.com)
  • However, the size of these EcoRI fragments proved to be characteristic for each of the different capsular serotypes. (jci.org)
  • The investigators intranasally vaccinated mice with two different versions of S. mitis , to compare their efficacy: wild type S. mitis , and S. mitis which they had genetically engineered to express a sugar coat that is found on the exterior of the cell wall of S. pneumoniae . (asm.org)
  • Antimicrobial resistant microorganisms are found in people, animals and the environment and can spread globally. (who.int)
  • Serotype 4, they posited, might strengthen the antibody response to S. penumoniae . (asm.org)
  • There were important FMDV serotype O introductions in two previously free countries: Japan and Korea. (usda.gov)
  • In January 2011, FMDV positive wild boars were found in Bulgaria, where the disease last occurred in 1996, followed by 12 outbreaks in livestock infected with FMDV O/ME-SA/PanAsia2. (usda.gov)
  • Single bands of homology to the probe were also found in EcoRI fragments of chromosomal DNA obtained from 33 encapsulated, nontype b H. influenzae. (jci.org)
  • Of 118 serotyped patients, 106 (90%) were identified as Ad14. (wikipedia.org)
  • The 3 serotypes share a common group antigen as detected with complement fixation. (medscape.com)
  • And serotype12F is now the most common serotype causing disease in Israel. (cdc.gov)
  • This study aims to find out how common it is for people with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy to also have sleep apnea. (nih.gov)
  • It has also been found that symbiotic variation is connected to some characteristics of rhizobia including serological and morphological phenotypes, tolerance to stresses, host range, plasmid profile as well as some cryptic plasmids. (benthamscience.com)
  • Serotypes Montevideo and E1 Muenster were the most frequent and widespread. (usda.gov)
  • Therefore, new methods are needed to better subtype and differentiate this serotype. (cdc.gov)
  • In serotype 4b, gtcA appears to be the first member of a bicistronic operon which includes a gene with homology to Bacillus subtilis rpmE , encoding ribosomal protein L31. (asm.org)
  • serotype C high-affinity site: K d = 1.96 nM,B max = 8.9 pmol/mg protein). (aspetjournals.org)
  • In addition, the human nervous system was found to encode polypeptides that are substrates for botulinum neurotoxin types A (synaptosomal-associated protein of Mr 25,000) and C (syntaxin 1A). (aspetjournals.org)
  • Vaccination can prevent disease for many of the current serotypes. (who.int)
  • Today, modern genetic subtyping methods provide scientists with additional information that is used to determine the serotypes and to identify, investigate, and trace outbreaks. (cdc.gov)
  • More precise and comparable data about the risk of poliomyelitis could be obtained in future surveys by incorporating a standard case definition, by using house- to- house case- finding methods in representative community- based samples, by analyzing and presenting rates in more clearly defined ways, and by selecting stable populations for study. (who.int)
  • Another lineage of serotype O usually circulating in the Indian subcontinent was responsible for outbreaks in Northern Africa. (usda.gov)
  • Another serotype O lineage was found infecting wild boars in Bulgaria. (usda.gov)
  • Notably, this lineage, normally restricted to India, Bangladesh, Nepal and Bhutan, was also found in Saudi Arabia and Libya in 2013, and has caused several outbreaks in Tunisia and Algeria in 2014-15. (usda.gov)
  • Rhizobial species vary in their enzymatic production and several enzymes are found to be necessary for the symbiotic effectiveness. (benthamscience.com)
  • Three patients were infected with serotypes 1 and 2, and 1 each with serotypes 1 and 4 and serotypes 2 and 3. (who.int)
  • Les échantillons de sérum de 140 patients susceptibles d'avoir contracté le virus de la dengue ont été analysés entre mai et octobre 2015 à l'aide du test ELISA et de l'amplification en chaîne par polymérase multiplexe. (who.int)