It acts as a positive regulator of genes expressed under anaerobic fermentative conditions such as aspartase, formate hydrogenase, fumarate reductase, and pyruvate formate lyase. (wikipedia.org)
Conditional expression of yeast NADH dehydrogenase (NDI1) protein that regenerates NAD+ without proton pumping7,8 was sufficient to correct abnormal alveolar development and avert lethality. (bvsalud.org)
Reductase4
The fnr (fumarate and nitrate reductase) gene of Escherichia coli encodes a transcriptional activator (FNR) which is required for the expression of a number of genes involved in anaerobic respiratory pathways. (wikipedia.org)
Only if neither O2 nor nitrate are available, fumarate reductase and the fermentative enzymes are synthesized. (wikipedia.org)
The fnr gene product, a pleiotropic transcriptional activator, is required for expression of the operons that encode nitrate and fumarate reductase complexes. (wikipedia.org)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and fumarate reductase gene expression was down-regulated at least 2-fold in the mutant, which, showed lower or no reduction of these electron acceptors when compared to the wild type, suggesting both respiratory pathways are under EtrA control. (biomedcentral.com)
Anaerobic1
The FNR (defective in fumarate and nitrate reduction) protein of E. coli is an oxygen - responsive transcriptional regulator required for the switch from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
Nitrate reduction1
Type III mutants, originally frdB, were designated fnr because they were defective in fumarate and nitrate reduction and impaired in their ability to produce gas. (wikipedia.org)
Fermentation3
The switch from aerobic to nitrate and fumarate respiration or fermentation corresponds to a progressive decrease in ATP yields. (wikipedia.org)
Whereas wild-type Chlamydomonas fermentation primarily produces formate and ethanol, the double mutant reroutes glycolytic carbon to lactate and glycerol. (montana.edu)
Although the metabolic adjustments observed in the mutants facilitate NADH reoxidation and sustained glycolysis under dark, anoxic conditions, the observed changes could not have been predicted given our current knowledge of the regulation of fermentation metabolism. (montana.edu)
Electron4
This regulation ensures preferential use of electron acceptors with high ATP yields, and is effected by regulators responding to O2, nitrate and fumarate. (wikipedia.org)
In the absence of electron acceptor, downregulation of F 420 H 2 dependent steps of the acetyl-CoA pathway is linked to transient formate generation. (hindawi.com)
The resulting acetyl-CoA molecules enter the Krebs cycle, generating additional carbon dioxide, ATP, and electron carriers (such as NADH and FADH2). (microbiologynote.com)
This allows the recycling of the electron carriers (NADH) back into their oxidized forms (NAD+), enabling glycolysis to continue. (microbiologynote.com)
Ethanol1
To further probe the system, we generated a double mutant (pfl1-1 adh1) that is unable to synthesize both formate and ethanol. (montana.edu)
Proton1
In SRP, three models have been suggested for proton translocation: H 2 cycling, formate cycling, and through "Mitchell-type" loops facilitated by respiratory menaquinone [ 2 , 14 , 15 ]. (hindawi.com)
Respiratory1
menaquinone oxidoreductase reaction, as the major mode of energy conservation, rather than formate or H 2 cycling during respiratory growth. (hindawi.com)
Pyruvate forma3
It acts as a positive regulator of genes expressed under anaerobic fermentative conditions such as aspartase, formate hydrogenase, fumarate reductase, and pyruvate formate lyase. (wikipedia.org)
Type III mutants, originally frdB, were designated fnr because they were defective in fumarate and nitrate reduction and impaired in their ability to produce gas. (wikipedia.org)
The switch from aerobic to nitrate and fumarate respiration or fermentation corresponds to a progressive decrease in ATP yields. (wikipedia.org)
This regulation ensures preferential use of electron acceptors with high ATP yields, and is effected by regulators responding to O2, nitrate and fumarate. (wikipedia.org)
RNA-seq analyses revealed that T. versicolor oxalate production from the TCA/glyoxylate cycle was down-regulated, and conversely, genes encoding oxalate and formate metabolism enzymes were up-regulated. (frontiersin.org)
Conditions1
desulfuricans and D. halophilus grown under sulfate-reducing conditions, Methanobacterium formicicum grown on formate, H2 and CO2, and Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum grown autotrophically on H2 and CO2 all reduced CTC to intracellular CTC-formazan crystals. (nih.gov)