• Glycolysis breaks glucose (a six-carbon-molecule) down into pyruvate (a three-carbon molecule). (citizendium.org)
  • This form ( D -glucose) is often referred to as dextrose monohydrate , or, especially in the food industry, simply dextrose (from dextrorotatory glucose [1] ). (wikidoc.org)
  • This article deals with the D -form of glucose. (wikidoc.org)
  • The mirror-image of the molecule, L -glucose, cannot be metabolized by cells in the biochemical process known as glycolysis . (wikidoc.org)
  • Glucose is commonly available in the form of a white substance or as a solid crystal. (wikidoc.org)
  • In solution, the glucose molecule can exist in an open-chain (acyclic) and ring (cyclic) form (in equilibrium), the latter being the result of a covalent bond between the aldehyde C atom and the C-5 hydroxyl group to form a six-membered cyclic hemiacetal . (wikidoc.org)
  • In the solid phase, glucose assumes the cyclic form. (wikidoc.org)
  • As the ring contains five carbon atoms and one oxygen atom, which resembles the structure of pyran , the cyclic form of glucose is also referred to as glucopyranose. (wikidoc.org)
  • An additional asymmetric center at C-1 (called the anomeric carbon atom ) is created when glucose cyclizes and two ring structures, called anomers are formed - α -glucose and β -glucose. (wikidoc.org)
  • Within the cyclic form of glucose, rotation may occur around the O6-C6-C5-O5 torsion angle, termed the ω-angle, to form three rotamer conformations as shown in the diagram below. (wikidoc.org)
  • In the presence of oxygen, the process begins with glycolysis, which breaks down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate. (microbiologynote.com)
  • By utilizing oxygen, cells maximize the energy yield from glucose breakdown, generating a significant amount of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. (microbiologynote.com)
  • Instead, cells store energy in the form of sugars (e.g., glycogen in animals, starch in plants) and fats (triglycerides). (microbiologynote.com)
  • Allysine will be degraded to form aminoadipic acid through alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase. (smpdb.ca)
  • Rounding out the upper glycolysis pathway, the identity of the fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase in the genome was verified and reported to have substantial activity with fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, in the presence of the divalent ion, Zn 2+ . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Revisiting 7a-hydroxy-cholestene-3-one, the second chain of reactions it is involved in follows a similar path as the first, moving through the mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and peroxisome until choloyl-CoA is formed, which then is used in three reactions so that its derivatives may leave the cell to interact with intestinal microflora and become taurodeoxycholic acid, deoxycholic acid glycine conjugate and deoxycholic acid. (smpdb.ca)
  • explored the possibility that the ED pathway limits ATP production and growth in Z. mobilis by attempting to complete an EMP glycolysis pathway. (frontiersin.org)
  • D-Amino may have negative effects as they can be found in some bacteria or form spontaneously in certain reactions. (smpdb.ca)
  • Reactions that form intermediates of the cycle are called anaplerotic reactions . (citizendium.org)
  • The living cell uses it as a source of energy and metabolic intermediate. (wikidoc.org)
  • Cellular respiration is the metabolic process by which cells convert carbohydrates into energy in the form of ATP. (microbiologynote.com)
  • Plants overexpressing 14-3-3 proteins also contained decreased levels of malate and citrate, which are intermediate compounds of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This allows the recycling of the electron carriers (NADH) back into their oxidized forms (NAD+), enabling glycolysis to continue. (microbiologynote.com)
  • Oxoadipic acid is formed from catalyzation of mitochondrial kynurenine/alpha-aminoadipate aminotransferase on aminoadipic acid. (smpdb.ca)
  • L-Lysine and oxoglutaric acid will be combined to form saccharopine by facilitation of mitochondrial alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde synthase, and then, mitochondrial alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde synthase will further breaks saccharopine down to allysine and glutamic acid. (smpdb.ca)
  • In aerobic respiration, oxygen serves as the final electron acceptor, enabling the efficient production of ATP. (microbiologynote.com)
  • production of (4S,6S)-5,6-dihydro-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-4H-thieno[2,3b]thiopyran-7,7dioxide, which is an intermediate in the synthesis of the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor trusopt. (brenda-enzymes.info)
  • Once the enediolate is formed, it collapses, and a proton is abstracted from the protonated glutamate 165, resulting in the formation of the final product, GAP. (microbiologynote.com)
  • When injected, no pigmentation occurs, consistent with a role for oxygen in color development. (wikipedia.org)
  • Triosephosphate isomerase (TPI or TIM) is an essential enzyme that plays a crucial role in glycolysis , the metabolic pathway responsible for breaking down glucose and producing energy. (microbiologynote.com)
  • While colicin causes ATP levels to fall, oxygen con- sumption continues (21). (nih.gov)