The inactive form of BAK1 is maintained by the protein's interactions with VDAC2, Mtx2, and other anti-apoptotic members of the BCL2 protein family. (wikipedia.org)
Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2), encoded in humans by the BCL2 gene, is the founding member of the Bcl-2 family of regulator proteins that regulate cell death (apoptosis), by either inhibiting (anti-apoptotic) or inducing (pro-apoptotic) apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
The over-expression of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein in lymphocytes alone does not cause cancer. (wikipedia.org)
Other studies have shown that dendritic cell lifespan may be partly controlled by a timer dependent on anti-apoptotic Bcl-2. (wikipedia.org)
Mitochondrial2
The pro-apoptotic proteins in the BCL-2 family, including Bax and Bak, normally act on the mitochondrial membrane to promote permeabilization and release of cytochrome c and ROS, that are important signals in the apoptosis cascade. (wikipedia.org)
BCL-2 is known to regulate mitochondrial dynamics, and is involved in the regulation of mitochondrial fusion and fission. (wikipedia.org)
Apoptosis1
This protein localizes to mitochondria, and functions to induce apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
Antibodies1
Antibodies to Bcl-2 can be used with immunohistochemistry to identify cells containing the antigen. (wikipedia.org)
Chromosome2
Bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BAK1 gene on chromosome 6. (wikipedia.org)
In follicular lymphoma, a chromosomal translocation commonly occurs between the fourteenth and the eighteenth chromosomes - t(14;18) - which places the Bcl-2 gene from chromosome 18 next to the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus on chromosome 14. (wikipedia.org)
Derives1
Bcl-2 derives its name from B-cell lymphoma 2, as it is the second member of a range of proteins initially described in chromosomal translocations involving chromosomes 14 and 18 in follicular lymphomas. (wikipedia.org)
Abnormal1
Some evidence suggests that this may result from abnormal expression of Bcl-2 and increased expression of caspase-3. (wikipedia.org)
Gene3
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the BCL2 protein family. (wikipedia.org)
Damage to the Bcl-2 gene has been identified as a cause of a number of cancers, including melanoma, breast, prostate, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and lung cancer, and a possible cause of schizophrenia and autoimmunity. (wikipedia.org)
This fusion gene is deregulated, leading to the transcription of excessively high levels of Bcl-2. (wikipedia.org)
Mitochondria2
BCL-2 is localized to the outer membrane of mitochondria, where it plays an important role in promoting cellular survival and inhibiting the actions of pro-apoptotic proteins. (wikipedia.org)
During the respiration process the mitochondria convert energy for the cell into a usable form, adenosine triphosphate (ATP). (wikipedia.org)
BCL22
BCL2 family members form oligomers or heterodimers and act as anti- or pro-apoptotic regulators that are involved in a wide variety of cellular activities. (wikipedia.org)
As a member of the BCL2 protein family, BAK1 functions as a pro-apoptotic regulator involved in a wide variety of cellular activities. (wikipedia.org)
Clinical1
The remaining DLBCL cases consist of relatively rare subtypes that are distinguished by their morphology, (i.e. microscopic appearance), immunophenotype, (i.e. expression of certain marker proteins), clinical findings, and/or association with certain pathogenic viruses. (wikipedia.org)
Biology1
In chemistry and biology, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive chemicals formed from diatomic oxygen (O2), water, and hydrogen peroxide. (wikipedia.org)
Domain1
A hydrophobic groove formed along the C-terminal of α2 to the N-terminal of α5, and some residues from α8, binds the BH3 domain of other BCL-2 proteins in its active form. (wikipedia.org)
Inactive2
In healthy mammalian cells, BAK1 localizes primarily to the MOM, but remains in an inactive form until stimulated by apoptotic signaling. (wikipedia.org)
In an inactive, UV-inducible photo-form they are harmless to bacteria cells, but are bactericidal after the activation with visible (amber) light. (wikipedia.org)
Expression2
But simultaneous over-expression of Bcl-2 and the proto-oncogene myc may produce aggressive B-cell malignancies including lymphoma. (wikipedia.org)
Bcl-2 expression is frequent in small cell lung cancer, accounting for 76% cases in one study. (wikipedia.org)
Activity1
However, results in the ability of these isoforms to bind to the BAD and BAK proteins, as well as in the structural topology and electrostatic potential of the binding groove, suggest differences in antiapoptotic activity for the two isoforms. (wikipedia.org)
Cancer2
The same design principle has been applied to inhibit protein-protein interactions involved in cancer and can be used for any interaction mediated by a helical motif. (wikipedia.org)
However, positive cells increase considerably in follicular lymphoma, as well as many other forms of cancer. (wikipedia.org)
Results1
Peroxynitrite (ONO−2) results from the reaction of superoxide and nitric oxide. (wikipedia.org)